Forum on "Strengthening Social Protection Systems to Manage Disaster and Climate Risk in Asia and the Pacific" Organized by: The World Bank and DSWD November 04, 2014 @ Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria, Ortigas Center, Quezon City
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Governor Joey Sarte Salceda Climate Change Academy - DRRM Training Institute Province of Albay, Philippines Forum on "Strengthening Social Protection Systems to Manage Disaster and Climate Risk in Asia and the Pacific" Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria, Ortigas Ave. corner ADB Ave., Quezon City 04 November 2014 Social Protection and Disaster Risk Mitigation in Albay “DRR is a human endeavor that enables dev’t to proceed in the midst of risks and no one should fall by the wayside due to poverty, exposure or even stubbornness”
Transcript
Governor Joey Sarte SalcedaClimate Change Academy - DRRM Training Institute
Province of Albay, Philippines
Forum on "Strengthening Social Protection Systems to Manage Disasterand Climate Risk in Asia and the Pacific"Crowne Plaza Manila Galleria, Ortigas Ave. corner ADB Ave., Quezon City04 November 2014
Social Protection and Disaster RiskMitigation in Albay
“DRR is a human endeavor that enables dev’t to proceed in the midst of risks and no one should fall by the wayside due to poverty, exposure or even stubbornness”
Province of ALBAY
Land Area = 2,566 sq. km.
Population = 1,233,432
(May 2010)
Households = 231,750
3 legislative districts; 3
cities, 15 municipalities
2nd largest Province in the
Bicol Region
4 major islands (CRaBS)
Total coastline of 364 kms
with 149 coastal barangays
and 128,751 people
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• 19 to 21 occurrences of typhoon per year in the Philippines of which 3-5 major direct hits on Province of Albay.
• About 198,000 houses threatened by wind destructions and at least 350,000 people have to evacuate.
• Mayon Volcano eruption threatens 3 cities and 5 municipalities
• 127 villages or 11,000 to 12,000 families threatened by landslides
• About 300,000 population out of 1.2M threatened by tsunami
• Eight municipalities and two cities threatened by floods.
Vatican of
Disasters
KNOW YOUR RISKS
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CORE PHILOSOPHY
Build Better > Build Back Better
Culture of reduction: no risk= no response, no damage, no casualty
Social cohesion founded on Good governance
Goals-oriented: MDGs, Zero Casualty, Better Lives
Rights-based (social justice): duty of society / state to defend the vulnerable
Whole of Budget, Whole of Gov’t, Whole of Society: Team Albay, CSOs most vital link
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RISK REDUCTION: RELOCATION
Relocation with sustainable ecosystem
Community initiated
Beneficiary-led
Site is 25 mins away from previous source of livelihood
Ecotowns: new settlements
CLUPs
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Model Relocation Sites (WB 2013, Oxford University)
TOTAL 157 27,154 139,322 720 46,335 237,108 56 26,451 119,217
PopulationFamiies
Affected
Population Families
Affected
Population Families
Affected
Jan 2014 Risk Assessment
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Community-based Risk Mapping
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JiCAJiCA
JiCA
JiCAJiCA
JiCA
Model Evacuation Centers (JICA)
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6 Emergency Evacuation Center
from AECID:
Daraga
Guinobatan
Camalig
Ligao City
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Model Evacuation Centers (AECID)
GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
“The dignity of persons and the integrity of families are central to our aspirations for a better future. Thus, in times of displacement, we must be clear and conscious to respect dignity, enhance dignity and employ the dignity of internally displaced persons and these are articulated in our zero casualty goal.”
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 1: Bawal na bawal ang pila. Kill the queue.
A disaster hurts our evacuees and the evacuation needed to avoid it also requires both personal and wholesale community sacrifices by way of disruption of their normal life, thus it would constitute a double jeopardy or an ignominy to make them fall in line just to secure what they deserve or what is already their right and what is essentially the duty of the community or the government is elected.
All rations must be distributed by the Province through the LGUs and the LGUs through barangay officials then through barangay kagawads and then to purok officers who actually manage the rooms where their “nasasakupans” are billeted. The province releases the daily rations based on actual evacuated families by at least 1 day ahead so you can plan. Moreover, families inside evacuation centers are given their claim stubs which they can use to claim their rations from their purok leader or from the supply centre of an evacuation camp.
The camp management protocols in ration distribution are very clear in ensuring the safety of food and other materials pass through a sequence of accountable officials.
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 2: Bawal ang sandok preso. No community kitchen or soup kitchen.
In our advanced evacuation camps, there are common serviced facilities where the mothers/wives can cook for their families. The underlying logic is that in the rural setting, 70% of feeding the family from “marketing” or going to the market, then cooking and then serving is conducted by women. Since we constantly and consciously try to make evacuation camps to approximate normal living conditions except that their homes is not in the barangay but instead inside an evacuation camp. Unlike those under state-ordered reclusion, the limitation on evacuees is the location of their residence being at risk to a hazard. Thus, they must retain the right to choose the saltiness of their sautéed sardines.
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 3: Decongest the rooms: when a house is a room full of neighbours.
We must try to limit each room as much as possible to 20 person or 4-5 families not only because it is in keeping with Sphere's Standard but, again this is to provide space essential to make operative the dignity of persons and the intimacy (whatever is left of it) amongst the family members, even under adverse conditions. Guinobatan currently uses a hotel for the special sectors like the elderly and persons with disability.
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 4: Right to classrooms: evacuees have superior rights over schoolchildren.
We are prohibiting any diskarte or manoeuvres by school managers to keep classes going by making evacuees go out of the classroom first. This is not in consonance with the value, which is our avowed goal, that the temporary shelter for internally displaced persons (IDPs) or families should approximate their homes except that we transported those homes into an evacuation camp. What kind of home is it that you empty everyday to accommodate other purposes? That's wrong, that assaults the dignity of IDPs.
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 5: Temporary classrooms and permanent evacuation centres.
Were it not for the rabid territoriality of our people – Guinobatan evacuees want to be evacuated inside Guinobatan – we would have more rooms in our permanent evacuation centres in Polangui, Oas, Libon, Legazpi, and Manito. However, we want faster evacuation (argumentation only ending in resistance) since a hazardous (not quiet) eruption is imminent within weeks (not months). In the meantime, we face double disruption of classes: first - the children studying in schools located in 6-8kms PDZ and second - children whose classrooms we commandeered to accommodate evacuees.
UNICEF is now sending 155 classroom tents (hopefully with 40 armchairs) so classes especially for the children of the evacuated families, could resume. We need at least 950 classroom-tents to bring schooling back to normal – our target is in two weeks.
In the long run, we have to build more than the 11 permanent evacuation centres especially for hazards where the countermeasure is distance (volcanic eruption), in contrast to where the countermeasure is the strength of the structure (wind hazards of typhoons), or where the countermeasure is height (floods/flashfloods of storms and other climate event).
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 6: Every centre is a barangay.
Like barangays, each evacuation camp has a health station. All 22 evacuation camps are now manned 24/7 by a health station or clinic with 3 EMTs and a rotating doctor under AHEM.
The 1st district and 3rd district under Albay PHO with referral hospitals – 1st District to Ziga Memorial District Hospital and 3rd District to Josefina Belmonte Duran Memorial District Hospital. Focal person is Dr. Nats Rempillo. The 2nd district – essentially, Daraga and Camalig – are manned and managed by BRTTH HEMS with referral hospital being BRRTH. Focal person is Dr. Eric Raborar.
Nevertheless, the 22 health stations are there for regular consultation, basic treatment/pre-hospital care and possible referral to hospital. Our cumulative experiences (including 11 major humanitarian missions) show that by posting a permanent point of health service delivery, it solves the “shopping behaviour” where consultations are for common complaints. AHEM stations are the point person of the provincial government in each of the camp since camp management is controlled by DepEd principal/head teacher and supply is controlled by LGUs and barangays.23
GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 7: Open city declaration of Albay.
Donors can directly access or choose among the 22 evacuation camps without having to seek permission from the Province. We have practiced this again and again since 2007. Our AHEM station will monitor all entry of resources into the camp. No food tasting but only for records in case of possible cases of food poisoning and other menu mishaps. Medical missions are welcome as additional resources and additional pre-emptive procedures especially given the sudden escalation from Alert 2 to Alert 3.
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 8: Disaster tourism or even volun-tourism is not promoted or sponsored activity by the Provincial Government.
Clearly, the dignity of persons and the integrity of families will be undermined by any promotion of tourism on the backs of the sacrifices of our internally displaced persons who are initially already vulnerable, thus disadvantaged. We are very cautious, and more than circumspect, in talking about tourism amidst the distress of 50,000 people. Nonetheless, the whole community is aware of these trade-offs and these trade-offs must be decided with preferential bias for those who are internally displaced by the phenomenon not for those who benefit from it.
What is critical is that we as a people must first do all that we can for the evacuees or that we are convinced ourselves that we will achieve zero-casualty, only then we can start talking about tourism. As we have seen in Mayon Eruption 2009, tourism surged but we have also achieved zero-casualty and in fact, have improved the lives of our people with the massive net resource transfers to the vulnerable families.
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
Guidance No. 9: Farmers risk their lives to take care of their animals, companion animals and working animals.
There are 3,744 carabaos, 2,035 cattle, 5,576 swine, 19,304 poultry and 4,640 dogs in the 40 barangays inside the 6km PDZ. And we budget P3m every month for animal evacuation so that families will not compromise their dignity and their lives for their animals.
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GUIDANCE IN PROTECTING THE DIGNITY OF PERSONSIN TIMES OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
This period of displacement is most susceptible in breeding a culture of mendicancy. To counter such threat to dignity, we have developed in partnership with DTI-DOLE-TESDA – livelihood opportunities and skills training; and under DSWD & PSWDO – cash-for-work programs essentially linked to camp and room clean-ups.
We have engaged faith-based groups and other organisations to initiate and implement programs that would enhance the knowledge base of our evacuees on a myriad of topics such as maternal health, gender-based welfare, and child rearing.
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ZERO CASUALTY BREEDS POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES
1. Lower morbidity at 1.1% than when they were in the zone, and even lower than even the general population outside the camps.
2 Lower mortality rates (exc. disasters) than when they were in the zone and lower than even the general population outside the camps. 0.8% mortality should be 36 but only 4 deaths from non-disaster causes so far.
3. 83 schools affected were restored to normal in safer conditions in 54 in 7 days and 83 in 10 days.
4. Attendance is high at 90% even higher than schools outside the camp. But no matter what we can mount even with the mightiest exertion, there is no place like home.
5. Based on police reports from each of the 7 LGUs with evacuations and compiled by Albay PPO, there has been no reported crime in the zone or in the camps since Sept. 15, 2014.
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EARLY RECOVERY
CCT may be carefully designed and used to prevent vulnerable / borderline families from falling beneath the poverty threshold
Local economic development (LED) in SMEs and regional industries like tourism and agribusiness
“Monetarist” approaches: Cash is best form of relief
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SOCIAL EQUITY
2,533
104,000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
4Ps Beneficiaries
1. CBMS Poverty Benchmarks for all towns (P15m)
2. Albay Mayon Surety Fund for SME loan guaranty (P35m)
3. Albay Packaging Common Service Facility in Cabangan (P24m)
4. Albay Blue encompassing CRABS... awaiting release of BUB/GPBP P464m
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Pantawid Pamilya Household
Started with only 2,533 beneficiaries in 2008 and lobbied for its increase to 75,600 (P 1.315bn) as of April 30, 2014. And possibly to 113,234 (P 1.785bn) in 2015.
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MUNICIPALITY SET 1 SET 2 SET 3 SET 4 SET 5 SET 6 SET 7
Bacacay 424 10 2 3,642 119 2,162 6,359
Camalig 1 1 3 4 3,170 96 893 2,010 6,178
City of Ligao 1 909 5 2 5,147 136 3,047 9,247
City of Tabaco 1 1,249 31 2 6,194 212 3,855 11,544
Daraga(Locsin) 1 829 46 3 4,278 120 2,536 7,813
Guinobatan 2 2 4,004 100 1,096 2,505 7,709
Jovellar 1 321 3 1,422 49 913 2,709
Legazpi City 2 1,333 13 6,690 289 145 4,158 12,630
Libon 2,526 1 3 4 2,696 78 2,847 8,155
Malilipot 431 20 2 1,866 39 1,198 3,556
Malinao 440 13 3 2,065 57 1,291 3,869
Manito 1 450 6 1 1,240 26 891 2,615
Oas 2 3,825 146 1,207 2,516 7,696
Pioduran 3 1 660 6 2 3,555 98 2,133 6,458
Polangui 434 5 2 3,475 57 1,949 5,922
Rapu-Rapu 450 1 1,952 31 1,216 3,650
Sto.Domingo (Libog) 387 9 2 1,685 74 961 3,118
Tiwi 2 2,516 37 25 1,426 4,006
TOTAL 2,533 6 8,323 180 20,231 39,885 4,462 37,614 113,234
Potential HH Beneficiaries
(Extended Age Coverage 15-
18 years old)
Grand Total
MONETARIST APPROACHES to EARLY RELIEF
1. Emergency loan of P20,000 to all 27,000 GSIS members
2. 6-months loan repayment moratorium worth P72,000 cash flow savings for 27,000 GSIS members
3. P20,000 emergency loan to all 3,000 GSIS pensioners
4. P16,000 emergency loan to all 200,000 Pag-Ibig members
5. P100,000 Home Improvement Loan payable in 30 years to all 200,000 Pag-Ibig members
6. P30 million ERF for small and medium enterprises
7. P37 million from Deped for school repairs
8. 10,000 bags of rice for Food for Work program32
BUILD BETTER
Rehabilitation is best opportunity to reduce risks
Economic growth provides the space to reduce vulnerabilities
Risk based rehabilitation
Targeting policies remain critical in ensuring the vulnerable are emancipated
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Typhoon Reming (Durian)
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The Super Typhoon Reming EventNovember 29, 2006
Affected Areas
Cities : 3
Municipalities : 15
Casualties were
Confirmed Dead: 618
Injured : 1,465
Missing : 419
Damaged Houses
Totally Damaged : 112,074
Substantially Destroyed : 99,986
Affected Population
Families : 203,496
Persons : 1,060,875
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TYPHOON DURIAN (Reming): IMPACTS ON ALBAYFormal / Recorded
Sources of Recovery
1. Public Infrastructure 4,005 27% 3,872 97%
Natl Roads/Bridges 2,700 DPWH 1,400 Spcl Item in Natl Budget
980 Realignment/Augmentation
250 Supplemental Natl Budget
Provincial Facilities 98 GSIS 28 Insurance Claim
Natl Health Facilities 148 DOH 78 Spcl Item in Natl Budget
Local Health Facilities 219 Transfer 160 Spcl Item in Natl Budget
