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What is embedded system?

An digital electronic system

A special purpose computer

Works for predefined task

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Examples-

Control for digital equipments:

CD player, TV remote, fax machine,mobiles

Programmable sprinkler, CATscanners, washingmachine,printers,etc.

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Life detection system usingmicrowave radiation

INTRODUCTION:

Special purpose system

specially designed to used inearthquake affected area

Helps to locate living human beingburied under collapsed building orrubble

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-PRINCIPLE OFOPERATION-

Based on phenomenon of reflection

A microwave beam of certain

frequency focused on portion ofcollapsed structure

The wave reflects back from rubble &

from person’s body which ismodulated

The wave is modulated due to

movement of living like breathing &

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 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

major components:1. A microwave generator circuit

2. A dual antenna system

3. A microwave controlled cluttercancellation system

4. A laptop computer

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1.A microwave generator circuitWorking frequency

Classification depending upon type &nature of collapsed building

1. L or S band frequency 1150 MHzAdvantage: can penetrate the rubble

with metallic mesh easily

1. UHF band frequency 450 MHzAdvantage: penetrate deeper than L or

S

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2. Dual antenna system:

Basically two antennas :

A. Antenna 1- Transmitting antenna

B. Antenna 11- Receiving antenna

Operates sequentially by anelectronic switch

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Clutter cancellation system-

The clutter cancellation unit consist of:

1. A fixed attenuator

2. A digitally controlled attenuator

3. A RF amplifier

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Clutter cancellation of thereceived signal-

The reflected wave from antenna 11consist of -

Large reflected wave from rubble & Small reflected wave from person’s

body

These small wave couldn't attenuatebecause it is modulated.

At output of system only smallreflected wave are there due toattenuation

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Advantages of L.D.S.

Main advantage it saves life of trappedperson’s under the rubble 

It gives exact location of human being

No any extra arrangement andconditions are required

Quick process

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FREQUENCY RANGE OFBREATHING & HEARTBEATS

SIGNAL The frequency range of heartbeat and

breathing signals of human beings lies

between 0.2 and 3 Hz.

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HIGLIGHTES:-

Exact location can be known bycalculating laps between Ts & Tr

Since it is not possible to continuously

watch the system, so an alarm hasbeen set

Under critical situation it can find living

beings other than humans

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CONCLUSION:

Thus a new sensitive life detectionsystem using microwave radiation forlocating human beings buried under

earthquake rubble (or) hidden behindvarious barriers has been designed.This system operating either at L (or)

S band, UHF band can detect thebreathing and heartbeat signals ofhuman beings buried underearthquake rubble.

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