Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive
Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection
1949-08
An experimental study of the influence of
obstructions immediately downstream from the
turbine wheel on turbine performance
Spencer, Ross Bertrand
St. Paul, Minnesota; University of Minnesota
http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6409
^^^w
m
m
Annapolis. Md.
p.:-. rv KMQX LIBRARY' GRADUATE SCHOOLI ^ . CALIFORNIA 93943-5002
lM?I^IATl%Lir DO^STRKAM g^ROM THE TURBI/iK mBM.
Subaltted tr ar&duate F
of th#
Uli. . ._ of ISi : .. .
jL. ** i, *-*.* fc,*ial vnilfillmont of the i^equlr
Degree of
of Boi©nc«
In
(Power Plants)
1*9
I wish to e , . , . tltude __ x ^
PS of th« faculty of th« •Jalverslt " Minnosota
To F. SOP B. J« Hobertson for his gui
i. tis project
•
To Doctor Hevman A. Profsssor T, C» Kw
f heir tochnlcel sdviee ^m^ istiuice.
To Mr, iv. liour.. -^ ..-or his h«lp in ina.-.-.^^.^...:,^ «^o
project.
And to Lieutsasnt i^. n# Putnaia, U. S. Havy, for his
assistemoo in obtaininf^ the data arid nrnnin^ ,a t«st
equipmert.
Uni of Mliuiesota
^J.-^J
1 I
lol
AK Kifmi..^^ Ah STUDY OF fim lUFtjjmcF. OF Qmruijcrims
iMMiJpiATSLX no'^nsTRi^kM FHon TEK TunBinK tmm, cm
wminm muroBMAMCE
TABLE OF SC^TEITS
Im on ••.. •• 1
List of . f^quipisent ••••••• 7
T Ion . . • . 8
List of Instruments •...•••••...•••• 10
ftesul Jiscussion ••••••••.•••.. IX
Conclusion • • • • • 13
Hef^rences &n& Bibliography Xl\
FovrcMlG. .•...•••........•••••• 15
Plate
I. Brown Self Balencing Potentionie tier • • • • 17
II • Ooolia?? Air Purap, Motor and Ductlni^ * • • • 13
III. Instriuaent i :_ ••••••••••••«• 19
IV. Turbine Inlet InstrurnQntstian .?n
¥. Oompv--^ ::.)£* Inlet tnstTxt:^:.<^in,ion 51
VI. Turbine Fuel Pump, Motor and Control V&lve , ?2
VII. Oo-' aurlap; Orif ;'- 23
VIII. Teil Pi,.. _. ..._,.. 2!}.
ff"
. JAlA^imiXi: Uk
01*^ baa i r.f . r t t r-
• • • •
• • •
LIST OF T/iBOS
QbaerV' '~
''} I>ata
!• no Obatructtona . • • • 25
II
•
Ij Ho UO Inches ?6
ITX« If i^ods at 2,0 Inches • . . • ?7
lY. Sectors at 9/16 Inches .••,.Corrected T^st Data
V« flo Obstructions, Compreasor ••••••••VI • li ^lods at 3*0 Inches, GoTupreasor . • • • • 30
VII. ij Rods ©t ... J iGclies, Compressor • . . . . 31
VIII. L^ectors et 9/16 s, Co??, , . . . • 32
IX. ' '' structions, Tiirbine • 33
X. 1} ^otis at 3*0 Inches, Turbine •...••• 3I4.
XI. ll Rods at 2.0 Inches, 1*urbine ...... .^ 35
XII. Sectors at 9/1^ i^.v, .^s, Ttirbine •....• 36
Comn ;;fficlency
XIII. Ho Obstructions .••••.•.«••••• 37
XIV. ll Rods at 3.0 laches •......•..• 36
XV. I4- Bods &t 2.0 Inches ...........aVI. Sectors &t 9/16 Inc.. . ........... 1^0
XVII. gft _ , oj cu. . . , ia
iv
•Xd5T
• •M ,-. ,
• • • • •
• •••••••
« • • «
hiij> _ zmtms
Figure X o^«
! Chrom«l Al . vorractlon •....,..,. 42
2. T- - '^ure v«, the '--.-- - -. -ific
3» ; ;ion Betio vs, jver theEjtp&a»lon Hatlo to ,252 ro^sr ••..•• 44
^* Rotor Spead va. A Is* Flaw, Campi * • . • • 45
5« T«3ipQratiir© Hia« Peotop vs. /i-Cosspresstor ••.•••.••••••.•••46
6. Density Hatl^. .«• ..^ ....^, Compressor • # • 47
7. F?otor Speed va. Air Flow, Turbine ...... 43
B, ExpanslcMi Ratio . />ii» Plow, Turbine • • . • 49
9. Densit7 Ratio vs. Air Flow, Turbiae . . . . • 50
S4i -X
<» ^ » * •iUw- V :, i.
A4i ...... *X
Oc » • •
• • •
• • >
AM EH^mUMmTAL STUDY OF fm IMFIJIF^CFS OF OBSTHUCTIOMS
immik^ELI I)OW?iSTH?aM FHOM THE TURBIMg ItlEKL OM
nmmmr
-igfition was coiid*ict:
" tail pip© of a B«33 Tiirbosupe rchsrpjer 1^ ^- - -
ieir influence apoa the performa.
irh»«l« :7bstr\ictiona were lo: ami str
of the turbi... p^->''ti<ma iraryiiVs ..*..,-. y, i-_- .,...c
, .At each station the tiirb-: i&rger
'^ -^ ' '------.-
Yeryinir '*":
^^ lO^OOO to 20,0uu revolu-
ion r&tioa across the tui
•15 to 1,70, rbine in-
icidt ^cMiipf- yf th© ratio of co^
pov ' ^o turbine pover*
Two types of obatructi, „ -^^ ^^
If inches in diameter rods 2| 1 g,
'f f'^'iT sector,
ou ^dlu3 and a ij.i inch innei , :ac
was J- inch *":* ""'.
At t. , ^, ex^: ^ — '; J -J tl'Hi . .
used in this investigstlon no change In turbir
V-...U. :>bserv.....
} sc V5D;t:iyjH/5i V^* ' ^ . * . " % f ^
r . • > ic*
oi» ish*?- '•^ n^;^^*ail«*i «i«f«oti;-Uj'T j[C«* - to « -^ ^ •fLi
i.J.^^
1 iiut.i-
.-.'4 :.-;- ? m '.'i %^ XU
imnomcTim
This project was coMueted to d^ the in-
f' - ice of ab»tructlon« iiamedlat-^ ~ lownstP©am fram
th© turbine wheel up<»i the perforr . a« tiirb , . ,
Two types of obstructions were eaployer
tlg&tion. The distance fro?g th« turMr;- . _,.. .. „ ..„
the ol^itpuctions were loe&ted w&s varied ee well as the
speed and tim ^xpmnaion ratio of the turbine. The
effect of these {Obstructions was obtained h
the eff icy fr<:^. the turbine no-
This project was instigated b.- .... ..,..^.>3 to know
whether obstructions would influence the perf ce of
a gas turbine aM thr mt of tije influen'^'^ , ^" -rn
turbine design ti^ ^> lends Itself reac ....^
t" -"
''- -f prebeaters, re -^ators, and other
heat sbsorbi.i,.^ ..ijvices. Also, in -lin t;--''^^-'^^^.
ea: ' employin.jj var tiall pi >zzles, t'.
anisiTt which coatr-'' ' "'" '"^-'' .-,--•'- -'
"--"-..d
- i;he tail pipe
woiald be advantage-'
bend th„ . .^w of t..j.
irboprope.i design it
iivide til© exhaiast pipe or to
V -i » • i -*•"'<; ^-
3 ^o 5Kwmijw«i sirf ^ tao'Vfi jati?»!Ih:?hx» «a
ri7»
^« r'-'
•T»i4^
rt **,v.'
T
i*''
•J ^ "J
naln*
o- 'iyo*r
2
burning the after biir re locr 'thin th© tell
pipe» In ^ of the __^,,._ , .,__._ . ast is done
: lent to o cting ail pipe* fh
th". ...;,atlon hci-o w.^ntribi»tod '-^' aixuxii^^ Uiie
turbojet and gas turbliie eng- .
.
Thla inveetlg&tlor not e<mduc- "
iae ^e per* , oioe of a g&e turbine, :-_ .j
' ited to do iso. The tiirbine empl
instm^eated only to de'^-^^-'in© the pov^i- xupMi, tand. out-
put at existing ambient eonditions*
9tU
3«» toil tWxIdiLw^ »A?» • lo eoajiK'iolidq »rW 9flls*£»^ft& &J
il
jfr; i "'"'sjXF?a?IMFt^AL BTWX OF fm ... ^jmCE OF OBS^'tUCTIOMS
immiA'mLY DOWHSTHKAM PHO^ 1?HK TUHBIBS '^ilESL OH
^h« turbosup«rch&rgor used in t nation
^ '•-33» manufactured by tli« Allls-Cbr" " ny
onder licence fra» the (Idzieral fldctrlc Company* e
cospreaaor was rat«d at 120 pounds of air p
at an altitude of 2,SO0 faat and at a sp#ed of ^1|.,000
ravolutiona par minute • !?he turbine was a single
iii^^ulae turbine witii all the preaaiare f' o<jeurring
acroas th© nossles. - air aupplied by
tlie supercharger of an Allljsooi V-1710 aircraft engine*
The Allis<^ engine was naturally aapex^ted* A Jumo OOlj.
tyj^ combustion char^ber «a8 attached to the turbii
the air from the Allison engine was bui»ned to £ Imatalj
1775 degrees Hankine before entering the turbine. ...-v
beat operating sxpanaion ratio for ti-ie turbin lisod
between 3 and If, with the waste gate partially opened
depending on the power required b, it. In this inves-
ti-^iatlo^ " '"
" closed.
Am- _ _ ir from ouL-._ l^iborBtory wea drawn
in by the co 3sor, contpresaad, Mid then disc'
beck otits:'-^'- th.c buil^.x,^*;:;. The liir used foi- v.x^i turbine
1 4 1 • j « . • -•'iissmjnmi wii m xmne. AKfU'^rsiftt ^ij^ wt
1^
V Iced up inside the test coll, sad in the
&...4J-..*' .-.-•. '-'^r* of the Allls^.^ v...igine, pftssed throu;^,., '^^
coaibustion chamber, through the turb ad ther
(: 9d outside the building.
The tail pipe used iffietured ; . _tal
shep Ota sad was construe
of 3t«--** ^» steel* ..„ ^*»il pipe consiste?^
a outer pipe, 'fhe ^ut€HP pipe was II4. lac
f" - '^r. It was provided with a fir "hat it
could he bolted to the turbizie discharge flan_ , It
was also provided with four equally d long! l
slots 10 inches long and 3/8 inc .?ide« These slots
were \ised to position the obstructions in the tall pipe.
The inner pipe consisted of a cylindr* " pipe 9 inches
in diameter and one foot long ^d a cone
one foot long. The inner pi|» mm held rip
by tbP" ^..\. .^i, two inches In dlaseter. ...i'ii.« ^^^^^^
tches froia the turbine wheel. One strut was
r ' ^od to pass cooling air to the inside of the 5
, « The air passed upstreas from this strut t^ . _. -
pingc-:
The cooling six ^^3 forced in at about ten pau^x^jn .^v^
minute, ^he cadlin, picked up Inside the test
cell.
fh© foi inchu the „ _-^_ .,....: . -J
test . T' ;St obstri' '-
versally ;..., «w^.,... ../ -ilj i.iiiA'.iA" •JLH'-^ afje outer pipes. '^hsn
Imi^m ^ni ^fi bw^u/^tsatuirar e«fr bemi ««iiq 11^ e:i7
---«-, "
'
«'i»d'(* •&!» ««/l«6i BV ''" - ^ ^^ *^oX«
A
^^9l'ibalix9 & \f:- bo<^elejcjco vs^i^ •i«*mX «<iT
Eil
"it
.XX»r
5
ibstpuel 5, th» slots in th» outer
pir i»e closed by four pX "'' long und two
iao --d«. Th© pl«. ,. .oaform to the
coi lpe» '
:¥ard ©nds of thu
j» i >,> Uia w oi •=* '- J. ,i.A4. '"''il Stud* '1 ll49 St^-''' i>
passed througl..: .. liol® in the ; . . , tl'irough th© . .,
a^^' '' ?ed into th« t«st ' ictioa. Th*
&»» of aecurelj ^ , > obstruction in
platc«« The after end of the pi & tea »epe held In piece
by « .,.^««i clsmp which passed all the way around the
tail pipe. ^\eparate plates i»r© used for each test
los ati<m*
Two types of obstructions wero ,^ ;yed. One type
was f^5u- Inch dlMaeter rods 2| is long. The ends
of thi, * ^s-.., .< ur^ shaped to coixform to o *c* contours of
the inner and outer pipes. The exkAu wliich fitted ^gainst
f- — ^Ip^ were drilled and tapped for * Inch
stud* The other type was four 30 degree sectors wii_ ^
"- outside radius and a l^l inch inaide radius.
I^ach sector was '^ i.^c.- thick tu^v.: «!ien all four sectors
in place one-third of the tail pipe j true ted.
to acctmTi'v. - ^ > '-ch studs* Thi.- _ _ ._ ..___. ..„,„,..
to hold %r described abovo,
....V. j.\ inch *..,j...iu-^i;er ro^t: ..^wv. . i- -Ms
inve^stip.ation. They wer<j Disced f
of thr^'-- '-r-— downs Li cu;.'i oi the tm^bi-^- "" " and
3
. ._ . . J .rr._„ .._i
to
, 'Wt^9m;^«<k> ;t«B.t adi oiai &«»e*rou ai^td^ bird
1! !* X*'
J
'>vn.^
*r»^ mo^ " '
• ' " * ' iner- ^,
.. .m &t 10,000, i2,000,
lij.,000, 16,000, IB, 000, 20,0OG
.0, ^ «f!Qh station u ach %.-..,« c-.v. power input
to both th "ippeasor &jad th« turbin© * lic surod*
T- • ' * le efflo* r - - '-- " aiding th- -n-
... , vwor by tiv . . ^ ,:, . .
39l it m&s obserred that no
...w obstructions existed ^nd st this time the st'^/'
stsdrted on the sector obstriactions. le sectors were
pieced es close to the turbine sheel as - •* , which
V16 insh* This distance was liiaited . a flange
around the turbir hich y/l(> inch
from the turbine ^ -«.^>i. I. ..^.^ ..^^.. felt th&t any
closer distanc the turbin >el in
'^ 'braticms bein ^t up in tl 'atructions.
v/ . at 9/1^ inch ae turbine wheel two
ag the tail pipe to th. ,
The following ^ «" « list of rwa» that wt^ ^ , c^o^>,
Saeh set of runs ras .mde at 10,000, 12,000, 1)4., 000,
16,000, 18,000, ' 20,000 revolutions per mh ^ .
Set !'Jo , ; Obstructions__ .
-
1 K*one Hone
3 ij inch rods c,
1*. li ir- - 1.0 Inc'
5 Ali»ie
".iHi »' ... . i4»Y«^ O^tOS; i»a ,000«dX «000«<di «O0e«4U
• •%
re
1"
r.
«}i^ " .- O m
30 dog:. ©ctors
i:r<^cation
6 <)/l6 inchea
7 30 d»gr -^~-~~ 1.0 luchss
d 30 degree aeetors 9/16 lnch«»
|,ist of t«st »qx3 ipjaenti
1. B-33 ^ir. ... charger
iufactured by Allis-Che" 5 iindar c ct
fro® the -ilenap&l SI ectrie Co.:.,,., i^.
2. JuMO 004 Combustion chamber
Manufactured in Qerasny for th^- uusji^. furbojet
:ine*
3. "".. ?\mp Motor
Maniifactured by the Siman 0&sipwsa.fm
6.
8.
.c. • iJHip
Manufacture' "•''s Vicker- ^-le^, ... y
Ignition Cw:. „ .. Spsrk Plug
Made In Oe "0 00I4- ©ngl
Acetylene Supply.
Allisi 171D aircr£
Allision ? 1710 8'apercharger.
r
r
tf iTRlg
,o
A^ HXPERBfKSTAL tlWm OF THE IMPL0MCS OP OBSTHifCTIOKS
. "SLY umusTRsjiW mou fes turbiik 'm^ML m
IKSTBIiM^^TATIOU
nstpurnenta used In this invoati
prevlotasly installed h.:.i * npll@d by thr rslt^^ Oi
ilondsota, l^o effort was ma4e to calibre . lese ina-
fcruraents, *fh« in©68UP»»ent8 takaa ware not '
the perforwance of the turboauperchfiPger, bu„ -„„.i©p to
Hiafesir 18 ia tha performance. The instruiaents
used were cc a-^d adequate to condut^u -^uLb inveatl*
The &lr flow to the turbine was ired by a 5«^
inch di&aeter flat plato orifice in an eis^ht ^..-,...
Flush t, iek-up3 were used to raeasure the differen-
tial pressure. One was located ©igiit Indies upstrearji
of the orifice and tii© other was located foiir inches
' ^arn of the orifice, "^hia differerr
^._- - - ^.- ,- uix inch inclined s?©rci«*y .- -.-.,. :- ......_;i
be read to the ae&rest five hundredths of an inch*
.liiJi OP ' ^'~'-*-^ vloualy - ^d siid — ~ -^
'
^:'-^
accurate tliroughout the i. i. T
"!0?npr ^ by ':•»
orlfic:,. This orifice as well fcs the o/o ^^n:.-.^.^ on charta
a
. l.t .fc * * t. -.' - 1 . /.» *t X A -
"lo^wROoJtu^ «<ii 1o ©0-
i « <»
.
x;^ HA
;(;..* '^0*iq
.<»
t ci
«""'" "^ « ^ .=.V. V
ned froi^. th iktrd l^: Car Co:-
inch water veri ter. This orl-
fic© : ir©viou8ly calibr«t4wi and - -^- --^ ^ ^^^^j.^*.^
throU'jhout the ation*
"©« of the through both
an iron eofistAntan theraocoupla, Tae self
balancing pot«ntls»?i«ter was mftRtifsctur«d by -
Instrtmeat C . _<ter is
Box* This instriiment could b© read r-
. ive degrees Fahrenheit. Hence, __;.,.... _„ ^'i
turos t ib joeted to yaore error
taf~ •-•---*- :an temperatures of a hi/^ii-cji" order*
Tae fuoi . . waa i^&ai. . ... Stabll vis Eota-
maaiufacturr"
l^er Porter aosapaiiy.
instriuneni; ,— .._..^^,..^.^ _.. „. .. .....asel fuel of i,.,.,.^ ^flc
gravit^y of .362. teed in this inv
was a Aiel oil mxA ita apeolflc gravity did not "
five per cent froRs that for which the inatruraenl
desired.
Teriiperstiii .... .-,,..... .,..^, .. .. ,. ..,.,., w-.,,, ....... a sor l.nlet
and outlet, and at tiie turbine Inlet ;t. These
teir^—
•
'- — " —-^ nef, - - -'' ' " --3 r?roMi Box. To
msasixpe the tu; ..i.pparatur© a chromel aliimel
ther-i-iocoup^ •. This thermoco-ur
one-qnarter the distance ground tiie r.ioE7/.l© box from the
ll.c*. -'«»^q »aw •oil
ft
-5
K««
<(l Sf
10
turbine air inlet. T cho»«ii In order
!> VI. ^^,
txia s jn cha^.b«r« A calibi . m absrt for the
u«« o.f " -^ chrt>»!ftl al-' :" •-•• ^-^ is ^ad to
this 3-., _-t« The other temp-.. with
th» Brown Box ualng 20 gauge iron eonatauten ^ermo-
vtere
1. Pcl
2.
3»
H-.
5.
"2
^3
Pti
^tl|
6. A Po
7. A Pt
Ti^peratta»e«
^* -Cl
9. Tg
10. T^
11. Tti
1*achornster
Mercury Berometer
Android 10- 5?% inr-
Vertical 57 inchae Mercury
An^r 10- S]\. Inr 'lero^ory
Vertical 70 Inches .»>*•*©ury
Vertical 20 inches weter
Incline ' ' inehee ^erciiry
Bore I C thermocouple
B«re T C thermoootple
S?
;
C thermocouple
I Q thermocoRiple
Shift: -t thermocouple
13. 'Purbill© aPM Synchronous •?iOtor 0-35,000 HH4
91
«1 lo esc;
;, .1
• '-
I ..-
AS EXPSai... .,.,.., -^Y OF THE IHFLUKKC;. ... ,..>,,...uCTIOKS
mmWUTi^LY DOWNS'THEAM FHOU THE Tl^HSIIliE i^ilE;'^
TIJaBI3?E PltiaPOaSIMCK
ilta of this investigation ax»« found in
Tabids XIII tla»ough X¥II B.nd rigiu?«« 7 through Q,
obstxnictions us«d in thia ixwestig&tion prov
f- rosuits on the tti.' forroanc®» The compu'
chaagoa in turbine efficiency are erratic and variable.
However, t:y& overall trcind t no change in
efficier hen as nuch as one-third of the tail pipe
- .. , ,':.- I;ic re&.diagi-:. direct
result of th regular output of the
charger • At the low jnanifolcl '?-»'; ^^«'»>d on the
Allision engine di;!ring tlie investigation it wx >os«
-''-"•^ ' - — --- "- -••.-- ^j operating conditions or ^^-'-
eng peed would vary as much as 20; -ioiis
minute for Uirottle settlnf;» Gonser,
til© suporehargo- ,.^..^ vt^rying and surging Ui its (>u^.^ ,
This surging caused '.mevan burning of the
CDMDustion chfe" '
""' which caused, te^nperatu"" '" -' .'"—at th© noi ,. •:, The total e-r't^pance tempera tu.
the tijirbir ' • la considerable ©i
to the surgii*.^:, :«. ...^ Alli<**'^^' "upercht.* ,_,-*•
'0 ^ ^' •' - ^ -TO lf<I9T8 ttMWI5!«I}l?9XS HA
If. :
iTtUi tU. ..^^ ...:.
k\.
. fit Bf« Civ
»-.i od;r
/'
12
^'ht. gsjr wer "1,000
r. . .i.ts •laxim. ted spoed* . . .lutlons
p: ' '• on th« tiirbosupdrcT- ,
*'
to eool the Alx,-_— .. - --^,„— •- - -..--._. :..:,-:- :- . - -,^c-
to &n la&d«quat« coolia ipply» '^
at 13,000 arid 20,000 revolutions ^j^-.^- vax^u i
-. Ij and du- .^gia^^j co . . -. :7c
'Ij, th© data at thece * ^ qu«8tior " ,
J .:. i «ffiv oj of the turbine et its rated
floTSf occurs at an e;q>an«l®n ratio of ab .
?ixiaium expansion retio reached in this st""^ ' '3
1«70. Higher \ .s could not jbtained L
l?sitationa of the Alli»l<Ki «igine &ad its super-
ciiargar. If higher aes could . j been obtained this
inveatigstio Id have bean ?:iore complete In its scope,
Tne efficiency as o. ,.&-lj.v;v this study err i-
raliable. As stated previously otal entrance
per£tux*e is believed to \m in error* Since efficieiicy
Is en ill . ., i unction of this tejaperatiire, a Vfcriatioa
tper&ture will cev
t ''~*ancy:. 'lowever, tbis xiiveai^if^eui. j. ':? con-
ducted ta r differences in . ies only, and
the diff .• - .
- - ... .^i^^. '
accui^scy.
tl
•xA «o« eifCT .Xlo s^i bn-« mitp^«t nolsilXA ^mI;^ iocs o#
w^$ iA »;iimii
s ,, t. ^ '•,
^^mlJLA£
C^' J-J^-. :i C^-;- .' «1 br»lK»a»n OIJH^ r -v^© REURilDSK «4T
•HI
„ J- . . .-^ <.
>>J -w '- . SitiUi %^ -: aioil'y » ei»1*
, , afiwJt:^* Ilti ©jiy
"cfr^p. «o*ino*T
AM SX?SRI^-;:->-vnL ^Vm OF TEK TdWWmCE CT OBSTHlfCTI OlfS
mmmiAfEVi DOf^mTBwjM Fiim nm tmbi>ie wheel om
GOHCLUSIOS
astigetion hea ^own that obstructions
placed in the tail pipe of e tiirb' '" Ible
effect upoi- ,...-_ _fflcian^^ _.- ;- -^ ^ * ^- '^» ob*
atructioas pieced relatively close to
^x..^...^js ...^ noticeable change in the t\irbiixc. v.^. i. j.i,^o^-.w^. •
ie^mmndod that i'urther study be :n«ide on
"V "-;t, eisp3 ' B dif ' n.% type- " *" '"
„ . . „_3at type zsethod of nie _.-^ the turbine powes*
oi « J is suggested that a tail pipe be used whose
or i.wuot.«iA i.a V ~ ^ -- £s the outside Oii.^.'^wer of
th , and that the ins ipe have the
'oot circle of tr '^-
- --
Such _ .ail pip- ..^_ , -event any expansion c „-. ..-
hf Tiasea bets^en tl ; wbeel
uijas. Titiia type pi ^v- --vould elso mai-'. . : Jiigher v-" -—
cities aroun*. obstructions in the tail pip. * - ..
further recommended that sotne t^fpe of djnasnomr.
'
.. -.a absorb ttie turbine p^.. ._ __- _ . _ ,_ com-
pressor. Thl ild ©liinin£ nparsXave and pressure
&iu-u^--^ j.,i -^le corapu'" '''">a of tine power*
13
J5?5ii«'"'"'
.... •. ...
.............. iji^TAiaay^JMi
m m^ ''-^''^: -^ * "?
t ,.
t
f la© .,r7 .L .. ib •
s«
* T
AB mpminBmAt STimx of tie inFjjjmcE of obsthuctio^s
'"-''"-^m kHEht DmUBTnEAM FROM WM TUHBIIK &:j:U'iSI, '3
^* Efficiency Teata on & 31ngl@ Stag^e Ir- -- " --a Tut '
lift in W ' - I N II II
,
I
1,1 i i
. i r I i n ni lII I II mm II »inl i i .niiiiiiiii TB
with Air as tiie T:>rij^^. '^Inld, I-avid 3.(labriel and L, Hobei 7 HAC " No.B5C30.
rJngineerift?, Dep&rt^eat, l^niversity of fc:^innesota«
>• ^3PP»y' al AriaJTala of a ^es T\tybiB» ''Boot Strap" ••^ niwBKMn^i- ii an r Ifii i •" «BajMw mmmmlmmimmjmlmmmtti m i mi JT
xaxuayoshi Kakaimira, a thesis by. "' ^ '
'- anicalTvagineeriiag D--'^^pr»taa«rifc, univer^^,,^ ,. Miim«sota.
^* ^<^Q furblnes and Jet }ropvLxsi<m for Aircraft > 0.Geoffrey '' '
. .K.
^* ,-_ ;•-.
,
^ -^ ., . . . aaa TupbJQe « B, .,;... ,....^^..^^*
6. fhe.r-MOdynBMie Fropertie' _ , K®enan end Kevg,
7* .^^g t^'ytel ^ir Ratio Regitdred for Conataat Pre -—
Cofal^uatTon , I'l©wn:an /.. HaTl,
3. Xna ti^gmentatioa for the j'^velopoent of /ircraftPower Fg^nt ^ 3. J. l^ar id E. .
2.
14
liA
m *?.=. nxaiiwf sys?' mm n.^ JT - »" x^m
f^n:.- "n^i^ 'o2\- .1
• j^- "Ci
• &
lU
AS EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE mFWmcn OF OBSTEUCTIOIS
xm^mkfBhy: do^i^sthham mm am rmmm^ wmm, on
FOB.
(tiich^s of Mercui^y)
Pg Static preasur " oinp2*©s»or Inlet, ( Incher®«rcui»7 relstivv/
Pi Static pressuj?© r,t discharge of c • (incof Mercury rel stive)
P^^ Static pressur« of the t ^iiiK, orifice.(inches of Mercury relate .,
A. P Differential pressure across the eompriag orifice, (inches of
A ^^ M ntisl pressur . ,
orifice, (inches of Mercury) ^
Pmh Total p ' tupb! n? ^'rance. (' ^-'?s of
TVr^' Tota_ - s sure at turbine t. ( iacii ..cury)
"^cl '^^^'P^ '' - the co3>' ' mrinp; - '"" .( degi -«w t- .
. j^Ai^ .Ine
)
Tenpereture at coMipressor iiile t. (deg ine)
T3 Te?!iperatir fc Co^ ^ exit, (dep^- '
T^j^ Temperature fct the turbii^ .asurlng orificti.{ decree 3 . iankine
)
%k '^o^'fil te^iperatxire 8t turl "! ' ';. (dej^re<5S
Hajikine)
T.|.cj Total ten|>©rature at turbine exit, (de^Renicine
)
15
' -^0 iw> ynapriaiKii -iirr? ^o i«^ ^ri*i:!n?^iasnx" «a
^.7,
A
'*r'T<^ 1 .r-
l6
'^- Air flow throuj^h tb** >., • .m/^fs _ ailnut«)
L^ Pow®r input to the coni^ (B.T#0. per
L% Power input " ' t>arb'-, (B.T.0. - - - n
B.T.U, : . v.^.u Th«irmftl Otiit.
Y Ratio sf specific heat at constant pi*esaui»o tospecific her" ^ conr^-^'' Tolum©.
Tupbina e: ,., ^ancy^
lap
q
•
Work.
g Acceleration of gi»avity.
J ileal ©qalvalunt . ,-•
S 3pc 3 heat at eonstsnt p •
c Th<i-.»^. .,-.j^,.. ........—V,-, ,al?^^'? t^?-. (fee:. ,
2. Pow«r end ^f'"'
% ~ ""
1* "' ' "^ " ' ^locity .
^ »* ^^-J Hp 'T^j. ri . 1
L .im.^J(—i;ii)
"^^S
t\
Pj'-lE'
i . * »?oXl ll-. ^ii•'
« « « #^ w.,,... 1©«0^ JjJ
.^ii^'i iMrtierfr xIeZ* Jt«tfi , . , .
»
r
u.
r
|co
ii-*«Beaa#)t/»-'-*''»^?5K«»'''- -"*-"«v_^y«k^
Plate I. Brown Self Balancing Potentiometer.
vk^.-.'^vum
Plate IT. Cooling Air Pump, Motor, and Diicting.
19
Plate ITT. InstrMiment Panel.
rn..— T.^j?—^_ T,«T -.4- x-»^,-,4--v-^T->v-i^/^v-\+-n+-i/^r^
Plate V. Compressor Inlet Instrumentation.
Plate VI. Turbine Fuel rui^P, Motor, and Control Valva
i
Plate VIT. Compressor Mear^urlng Orifice.
2k
Plr.te VIII. TsU Pipe with Obstnjctlons
.
•r^r'
m 03STRUCTI0MS
^%?^ I
19 ^^^hY 19I1.9
Hun !©• 19 20 21 22 23 2k
11PM 20,000 10,000 18,000 12,000 16,000 ik^OQO
Ptl"Sl? 29.0 29.ll- 29.2 29.3 29.3 29.3
^i^'^S 19.3 5.1^ 16.5 7.S 12.!; 9.6
pt5'^^ 2<),03 29.0a 29.0a 29.OS 29.«^6 29.08
4Pt"'^§ 1.76 .1,6 1.40 .64 1.10 .^7
Fcl^Hg 29.08 29.03 29.00 29.08 29.0a 29.08
ApQ^Bg 1.61^ 1.00 1.6a 1.30 I.I45 1.30
ttl^ 210 152 200 175 197 laa
^i,"^ 1312 131? 1312 1312 1312
Dp 60 60 60 60 60 60
f^^op v,:? 6S 70 70 72 72
rf^^Op 260 125 230 150 203 180
Fuel flow130 83 126 96 113 10l|.
91
OB
*;r.- ^ X*; OS f-^X ,of^ nufi
Ct'S t.e^^ v*.^^ si.<-*?^ jUv'> o,*>^ ^p"x^*«
^ • *'^r«
( < L
I'; ^ f 'T*
^ • -&.
CI • i
6^i vri
r '
Oi. • 1
r.v
U I
o\
1
rr r
do
:- u:A
,o
CIX
->/
TEST DATA
h^V f-'. A
T^BOS II
I 9 \y
TULY 19^.9
Run ^'. 25 26 27 28 29 >o
RFM 20,000 10,000 18,000 12,000 16, 000 14,000
-.
'' '' -- 29.1 29 .i4. 2^.2 29.4 29.2 29.3
PTl^'^Hg 20,5 . • r 15.0 7.k 12.5 9.6
"29.06 ^9.06 29.06 29.Oo 29.06 29.06
A?|.«Hg 1.3 .50 l.liO .65 1.10 .%
Pci'^Hg 29.06 29.06 29*06 29.06 29.06 29.06
Arc "20 I.B3 l.OO IM 1.23 l.ll-O 1.30
Tti«»K 200 165 200 162 200 195
Tfij.^- 1 1312 1312 I3IB 1312
60 60 60 60 60 60
^T2*^ 67 68 70 70 70 72
f^3^ 260 1^5 230 150 200 130
Fuel flow#/alo. 136 82 123 92 no 102
ds
r^i^x Yjm, 91
II
r T"
ATAQ TaST
0€ e? 8^ TS ds ,ci fXiiil
ci.^
rti ooc,«^r oor,>x r«rtr,^u
c->
.
r„i
I*(
v^*l
dC.f^S gJ ""^t
- ^
r^y
1x3
OT
^<:I
Lo^'
A
'^Sl?"
f'
Sf Sr
TABLE
27
TK5Y DATA M 19Ji9
ij" m.mwim hods tVf 2.0** m^tm^m, 29.
<
:>o
Run Io« 31 32 33 3i^ 35 36
10,000 20,000 12,000 ia,ooo li|.,000 16,000
-.-^tig ?9»35 Zj^oS 21.30 29.15 29.30 Z9.2S
v^^ni^ 5.3 19.3 7.3 15.5 9.5 12.5
Ff^^'lfg 29.00 2^;.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00
Ap*.'*^?' 46 1.66 .66 1.36 ^'^S 1.12
Pcl"Hg 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00 29.00
A %0 i.o5 l.BO 1.22 1.60 1.30 l.l|0
fti^^ iiix) >1B5; 180 ia8
^i^*^ 1310 1312 1312- -. -.
-1312 131B
Tci^ 71 71 75 76 73 79
Ty;:-^- 80 S2 ^Z 90 m ao
%3 -' 139 270 l6o zko 190 220
Fuel flow#/j}',ln. 63 139 92 123 99 110
TS
IS
in :.1*!AT
*o.<;1 1 -^s jt*. a
'
•ix
^e 4k CC ?'€ X€
^. C.E
•oX Cii^
nh
}<i
Sif
.1
tv
.'<^
\
?^p
26
jfc e ^ -i^ i..t.E IV
i/3 SHCTOIl OF Jklh PIPE
JULY 1949
BAHOMIST;. « *.^
R- ^'o. 37 3a 39 1*^0 \^ i*2
HP¥ 10,000 12,000 ll|,000 l6,0D0 20,000 18,000
•r>^ ?1 1 : .—
.
"^7.3 29.3 29.25 29.20 29.0 29.1
F^'^Hg , • ' 8.1 10.5 12.3 21.1 15.8
r»T5'*^-^s 29.15 29.15 29.15 29.15 29.15 29.15
APt"H^ .4B • " (.86 1.10 1.90 l.ll^O
Fci'^Hg 29.15 29.15 29.15 .15 29.15 29.15
^rv «>.,-5 1,00 1 . "^5 1.32 1.35 l.'^p l.ll-O
Tti^ 125 172 170 190 205
T^1^<^P 1312- ',. -^
1312 1310 1310 ^'. 'S
f^i<¥ 52 50 S2 SS 55 ^ -'
N.
Op 60 60 60 65
%3^ 115 3I4.0 16I|. 195 260 230
Fuel flow37.5 98 116 119 130 122
£S
04 ^i ti TC .cU iiko^.
i ..
. ^
^
: n
29
TiiBXM V
coBmQiam) fss^ . A
MO iDBS^THUCflOMS COSPaESSOH
Sun Ifo. ?0 22 ^ 23 21 19
10,000 12,000 li^.,0'"-'^ 16,000 13,000 2 J , u'jO
T^j ^'3^^ 610 6I1.O ^3 690 720
^T2 528 530 532 532 530 S2S
ATe 57 80 loa 131 J. ', _ ., 195
.1079 .1510 . • a.'|6o .3020 • ^ , - -'
<^ 1.015 1.020 1.02lj. -• - -T- 1.02^ -.10
/9i 1.003 1.010 1.012 1.012 1.01 1.005
Pa 21^.08 22.18 19.73 17.63 15.6.3 13.73
/s .ao6 .7.U .661 .591 .525 .If61
A-'c 1.00 1.30 1.30 l.lf5 1.08 •
Pel a9.o3 29.08 29.0a 29.0a1
29^.06
^eS 520 520 520 520
-^ .0556jl
85.7
.0726
65.7
.0310
91.6
.0933
98.5
.0905
322> R» ft/.O 96.9
^ 91^.7 116.7 131.ii. 157.0 189.2 212.0
99I4-O 11900 13900 15790 17300 19900
ps
v^i C^ 4iS SS OK •«^;s Aiffi
I— II .—. I1
c- Odi
t^6 04<> Old ^6^
xci 06
•v,^ V.X • f
r
• i
.1
.1,
V.'it '. .^^'^-^i\
•'•i\,
30
fABT.^ VI
COHHECTKD tKST DATA
I'P DIAMl^B R^S AT J.O'' €OiPa3?f^0S
i^un No* 26 28 30 29 2?
%2
^T2
®2
f^^2
/2
Pel
APcPclTcl
32<
w
10,000
$27
$k
• X026
1.015
1.008
2if.26
.311
1.00
29.06
f^20
12,000
610
$30
80
.1510
1.020
lilO
22.11
.739
1.^3
29.06
520
ll|.,000 16,000 13,000 20,000
6lj.o 660 590 720
532 530 ^3u 527
108 130 160 193
.2025 •2/450 .3020
1.023
1.012
20.06
.671
1.30
29.06
520
1.020
1.010
13.06
. 6014.
l.i|.0
?9.06
520
1.020
1.010
16. 9l
.566
1.65
29.06
520
'A^-T^ 76.0 ^k*k ^36.7 39.5 97.
B
' ^cl
• ,/ .oO
1.015
l.OOB
.I4.67
1.33
2% 06
520
.0559 .0639 .0723 .076I1. .092I4. .1023
103.2
9k»l 115.5 130.0 li<.9.7 179.0 222.0
9950 liaao 1332n 15B50 17820
*o,t 7k wsrxtkm Hi
^>s GC <?^ <^'-
^- r '•»
or?
OoX OCX
CT*^*
OCt! TS< Sffi
C< 4^c rTA- A
t .V
.r. ^
is
3
nTABLE m -»•"
COSBBiCTKD "^IST DA1*A
1*1 DIAMEl?.>m HODS
3i
AT 2."0
33
COMFHESsm
o# 35 36 3k
nm 10,mo l; , ll4.,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
T^3 599 620 "^0 700 730
%2 51^0 Sk2 5I1.5 550 $k2 51^0
A-o 55 73 105 130 153 190
*T2.1018 .ll^ljO .1925 .2365 .2915 .3520
% 1,033 1.0l|2 i*0l|.9 1.05a 1.0l|,2 1.03B
Vii X • ui „» 1.0^1 i.u-.;^ 1.029 1.021 -.018
^2 .?1|..10 22.1|,0 20.20 13.00 16.00 lll-.OO
4 .Bo6 .750 .675 • 602 .535 .1^68
APo 1.05 1.22 1.30 1.40 1.60 1.30
^01 29.00 29.00 29.00 29. DO 29.00 29>oo
"fel 531 535 533 539 536 531
• 0572
77.0
.0662
32.9
.0702 .753 .0365
9i4..5
.09^32
J^ JtV/^, tTc^'cl.2Jp'?\ '^01
9f .v A-i. J.-. JL.-i.5 151.0 130. C 220.0
K
9650 11730 1365^"! l5i;5o 17600 1965c
I . ' I
..fkM ^c--
^'*- dc ^c cc -^w.rrrrf{
«HH
rr. I,
ff«.T
'^*'r -)!
.1
1
A
TABLH VIII
1/3 vSg€1'0H OP f/aX. PIPS BLOa&Bl _ ^, ih*
y2
CO^FSESSOH
»-i «.i * i o • 37 3S 39 40 hz la
10,000 12,000 Hi #000 16,000 18,000 20,000
^^3 sn 6qo •-''4 655 690 720
•??2 520 520 520 522
A'J'c 55 Bo lOli-"! "' ~
175 195
*f2 .105^ .:i^-36 •2000 .2Sk$ .3335 .3715
H 1*000 X.OOO i.noo 1.005 1.005 1.005
^ 1,000 1.000 l.OOC 1.003 1. C3 1.003
**2 2k.yS 22.35 19.65 1 '
15.I|5 13.i|5'
cr^ •el5 .76ii •657 .587 .596 .i^50
^?€ 1,00 1.25 1.32 1.35 la^o 1.65
Pel Z).1S 29.15 29.15 29.15 29.15 29.15
^cl 512 512 512 515 515 ---—*»
^^c^cl•0569 .0711 .o75i .0763 .0792 .09.32
• , 66.0 33.3 B9.0 90.6 9B.5
9i|..o li....... 131^.1 152,0 --...0 219.5
iOOOO 12000 lljOOC 15950 179 J.0 19920
^>e:
v\ c\x
1^ II i n pi. wan. »«i^»—»*
osv
M 6^i««i««ii«*»i«i»**-i
, j:
^c
•k-
»c
cod
Tt
il
^^Vci
• c?" r,ijSi
>SI rn *3^
• J-
A
.A
'V
33
COBRKCfm) TECV
liO OBSTiiUCTIOSS fOKBIMS
Bun No, 20 22 ^1^. 33 21 19
apM
^Tl;
A „
10,000
fij.^ 1772
»j^ 3.41
{\ 1.650
3l|..li.8
1.15S
29*08
1.167
*%
28.78
612
. ^tl .0155
^J^ tl
/ii.
12,000 llj.,OOG
177?
3.U 3.1a.
i.a^o 1,550
36.38 38.68
1.235 1.295
29.08 29.08
l.c/^ 1.363
S2 .75
28.72 28.66
635 646
0. u , aoo la ,000 20 ,000
1772 1772 1772
3.U 3.41 3.ia
1.850 1.S50 1.850
la.53 45. .3.63
1.392 1.528 1.635
29.08 29.0c r^.08
I.I1.60 1.567 1.675
.93 1.23 1.64
23.60 23.^:^14. 25.43
657 660 670
.0^35 .0331 .0427 .0553 •"'69B
ti 70.0 66.3 102.5 116.5 132.5 146.7
112.2 129.2 146.4 154. B 160.5 163.5
5400 6lj.ao 7256 6650 9730 108005.
•_j **. .; J
C/^ OS^
Xv«V,
O^^il.i
Iji.i J .;•<:.
STTX ,7
TV
• JL .\
. • A ^.I TM.I'r'7
-J » V ' ,.-» * --•
IS
. \
'••"ii+»' '-\
31^
TABLE X
COHiiECT.JD f KST DATA
1*1 BIAMISTEH HODS 3.^0 TURBIHK
Run io, ^6 23 3^') 29 Zf 2$
HX0,000 12,000 "»-,000 16,000 13,000 20,000
1772 177^ 177^ 177B 1772
Q«3.1a 3.U 3.^1 3.ia 3.ia
^ i,a5o 1.350 1.B50 1. '62 i.aso 1.850
^rtt 3l).J|-6 36.14.6 38.66 ia.56 Vi..o6 49.56
h i.i^ii 1.220 1. 7-> 1.390 1.1^72 1.660
Pf< 29.06 ?9.o6 29.06 29.06 29.06 29.06
%5 1.187 1.240 l.^^)a i.iao 1.A3 i.6aa
APt .35 .50 .69 .95 1.25 1.65
Pti 21.76 28.70 2B.6I1. 23.5B 2H.$Z 2b,''
?'ti 6^5 61^2 655 660 660
Af't ^t;Tti .0161 .0224 .0302 .0412 .0540 .0712
"*'"
^tl 71*^ ^'O 97.8 114.0 130.3 150.0
J 1^114.2 127.4 13...' 152.0 164.0 167.0
?i'^ 5400 6490 6560 6650 9740 loaoo
M.
X «Jt*A'
©•".c*^" ' \:a w
ti't . ^>»0I
ni.^..X
Yv ^'s 01 i'*; '^-^ •OK niiS
•?
Il^.f 4l«
.1 ?^
.1
dr. r.
» *. « » ' • J Li
A
2fV .
35
TABLE XI
Vjt DIAH?3T'RR aoDs At ^."0 • TUHBIMS
R\m Io» 31 33 35 36 3k 32
RFM 10,000 12,000 li|.,000 16,000 18,000 20,000
r*
1763 1772 1772 1772 1772 laio
^1. 3.39 3.U 3.ia 3.41 3.U 3.4B
y\ i.sto i.aso 1.650 1.B50 1.^50 1.66S
^1^. 3i^.30 36.30 3B.50 lia.5o 44.50 4B.30
4 1.147 1.215 1.288 1.390 1.440 1.633
pt5 ?9.oo 29.00 29.00 29.00 2^^.00 29.00
?T5 1.182 1.252 1.33f^ 1.434 1.523 1.637
/i?t .33 .53 • 72 .97 1.25 1.53
?ti 23.70 2a,6i^ 2S.53 2'1.$2 2^.46 2<|»4q
Ttl 600 „ 6i|.o 643 655 639
.015a
70.3
.Oli23
S7.6 101.0 116*2
0543
-. **
•c6ao
*
113.5 133.3 ll45.i 154.8 16a. 167.'^
n
t^ 5430 6I1.B0 7570 a65o 9730 1C70G
'de
"'i \' .. y. <f>ax vj. J
s." J* i'i
«naMMH(te«»-
**r ^
'< f..-'
df ^i
^ . tr ono,^i
ST^l
t li.C
Oci^•i tp *-
. •
XC
.1
'0.
cK iij-jf.
(!\
C-1
-1
TABLE XII
cohrsct:.!) test i....
JSCTO^! OF T^IL PXPK BLOaK D AT 9/16'' TummE
Hi 37 33 39 ko 'i^. la
10,000 12, uuc' j.v,000 13,000 20,000
''tk1772 1772 1772 1761^ 1735
% 3.in 3Ja 3Ja 3.39 3.1}.3 3.39
^, 1.350 1.B50 1.350, 1.3[}.0 1.855 1.8I4.0
m 3i^.75 37.25 39.65 1^.1.95 liJ4-95 $0.2$
Xi^. 1.162 1.21^ 1.327 l^k'^k 1. 1.6H0
- ^ 29*15 29.15 29.15 29.15 29.15 29.15
1.193 1-279 1.362 l.i4JiB 1.551 1.668
A?, •33 .52 .71 .95 1.25 i.ao
S9.BS 2U79 2^.73 26.67 2U6l 2a r'"
'^ti ••^ ' .-' 632 630 650 —
^
665
*oi63 .0273 .032]. .oU9 .053B .0772
71*3 36.6 101.1 115.0 130.5 156.5
114.0 126.7 iia.i i^<j»'j> 159.B 171.5
7^ 5ii.oo 6l4.ao.
%5o 9730 10300
^
k7Aa it'* rA .^'' .' 1 tn-»v. /. . i > • i
la *iWi»-w«» .<wi
.1 T^l^L HS.^i SdX.I
r*^* r r : a sdc.i '"'.X f^i
C\i
l4i «4 ^C Sf \i .01* mra
a
ttl
<. . 4'^!^4
37
TABL/? ;
comm^m wncimcr
10 OBSTaHCTIOHS
nm
1-PilTV
^^P~r.
20 22 24 23 21 19
10,000 12,000 14,000
76.0 35.7 35,7
52a 530 ^
126.8 127.1 127.8
16,000 18,000 2G,3(X>
91.6 93.5 96*9
530
127.8 127.1 126.0
.1079 .1510 .2025 .2460 .3020 .3710
103s.C 1648.0 •'^^«^... 2i7^.0 3BI4.O.O 4^^...,
70.0 86.3
1772 1772
462.0 432.0
1400.0
74.3
.0.^80
2410.0
63.3
102.5
1772
432.0
116.5
1772
482.0
.0589
3645.0 5050.0
62.5 56.9
132.5 14'^.7
1772 1,.^
432.0 432.0
.1063 ......
6SOG.O 3250.0
56.4 54.9
[7-^^] 20.
.049N
^
- Fi^1000,0
4ao.o
.4^0
>' 35.5
1130.0 1335.
576.0 672.0
51*3 55.4
.465.0
76U0
1605.0 . .0
86.'}..5 960.0
•4^3 .503 .523 .537 .593
T-e
lllX hJftAY
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38
TABLE XIV
1"J DlkMETEn BODS A7 J.^O
2Ly
i t (A i. A ; 4 > # 26 28 50 29 27 25
-.
j "O 12,000 llj.,00(5 16,000 IS,000 20,000
*e 76.0 64.14. 86.7 -' y • .' 97.8 103.2
r 527 530 532 530 530 527
- '^ 126.S 127.2 127.6 127.2 127.2 126.5
Ty2 • 1026 .1510 .2025 .2450 .3020 .3660
^c 938.0 1618,0 22i|.0.0 2005.0 3755.0 4760.0
^t 71J1 %.o 97. a lilf.O 130.6 150.0
•Pfii. 1772•a --» '^-t ^ 1772 ' -3 1772 1772
Cp%i^ 1^82.0 462.0 102.0 lf3l|..0 liB2.0 462.0
^ ?li?V .oigiS .051$ •o("": .n%9 .lu^ .1235
Lt lli27«0 205B.0 2855.0 4655.0 64S0.0 B945.O
^* 6a.6 77. h. 77.6 $2.$ 57.3 •
'fa _
20.0 2ii..3
m6.0
29.2
1210.
Q
40.9
1430.0
49.5
1573.0
59.6
\^p^-['-
f,:t
1727.0
.0I4.8K .'4.80.0 5^76.0 672,0 ?6a.o %6.5 960.0
c .^^80 .516 .555 .537 .547 .BSS
^
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39
COMPUTSD mFIClEmy^
i*i HODS Af a.'^o
LZ^
Hun Ho. 31 33 35 36 3h 32
BFM 10,000 12,000 ll4.,D00 16,000 13,000 20,000
i^e v.... 32.9 654 m.k 9k.^ 101.2
T^2 51^0 5li2 5a5 550 51^.2 5i|.o
^P^t2 129.7 130.2 131.0 13c.A 130.2 129.7
Tf2 .1013 .1I440 .1925 .2365 .2<?15 .35^20
^c ivi,;^ •^
15J56.0 2150.0 2765.0 3590.0 I1.620.0
*'t 70.8 B7.7 101.0 116.2 130.0 lii.6.8
%i|. 1763 1772 1772 1772 1772 1610
4.^ - ^1^79.0 !^2.0 VS2.0 P2.0 I4.B2.O 49i|.»0
^'prtV .C.'ll2 .0?liO .0690 .0852 .IOI4.O .1232
Lt 1397 2285 .,'
.
^4-7 70 6575 89ii.O
7' 72.7 68.0 63.9 53.0 ^k.S 51.3
°^^4-^i19.7
99^-1--0
26.0
111^2.0
33.3
1290.0
ijjI.O 50.1
1537*0
59.i^
K4i3 1 i c. /.U
.0£{.8]'i i-30.0 576.0 672.0 763.0 361^.5 960.0
,i|.32 .503 • 521 .535 .5''i^ .^^'j;
ct
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f^i t et u
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COMPUTED EF^^iommi
i/3 SECTOa OF TAIL PIPE ^OC£:^T; AT 9/l6«
n'>>- ^-. 37 18 39 M> 42 la
RPM 10,000 12,000 ll4.,0r ,000 IS, or 0,000
W^ 76.7 -w.j 58.3 89.0 ;u.w 9B.5
Ty2 520 520 520 52a 5^ 5'25
%^f2 I2I1..7 13l|..7 12i|..7 13^.2 126.0 12(>.0
ATc^ .lo^^a .1536 .2000 .25I4-5 .3335 .3715
Lq 1010.0 16^4.6.0 2175.0 2S4q.O 3900.0 Ij.6l0.0
^t 71.3 S6.6 101.1 115.0 130.5 1 . .
Tfi^ 1772 1772 1772 176^ 1785 17%
(, ^:^ l0Z.O 1^82.0 ij,a2.0 k79^3 466.0 l}.79«3
i- p-r^HT •^'^29 .0590 .0732 .0-378 .— '
.1208
lifSo.r 2i|.6o.o 3570.0 li,330.o 7670.0 9055*0
63.2 66.8 60.9 53.8 I1.9.5 51.0
20.6 2^.l|. 35.3 1^.0 51.5 57.9
~^1200.0 1330.0 11^52.0 160a. 1V'j:?.L'
• 0.3H li.30.0 576.0 672.0 766.0 661^.5 960.0
u^ .14-73 .ii^O .:,0$ .SB-"^ .537 .563
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TABLE XVII
gPFIGIESCY BY CUHVSS
nm 10,000 12,000 il|.,ooo 16,000 i3,ooo 20,000
2 9935 IIB73 13318 17790 19^23
J 2 94-® ^^3.0 132.8 ^.....0 17B.2 217.0
Vli 1.010 1.020 i.ai4 1.013 1.010 1. 09
1- •
.73a .666 .602 .Sk2i .473
1.7 37.1^ 90 .li. 95.a 102.0
531 532 534 532 529529
^piiZ 127.0 127.5 127.7 128.2. 127.7 127.0
ffi .1010 . .1970 .2I420 .3000 .3700
Ir© 975.0 1560.0 2195.0 2SOO.O 3670.0 4785.0
54<>B 6I1.83 c^o^ B650 9733 10775
n/^ 1.3!50 1.350 1.850 1.850 1.850 1.350
^kr^ ^'^^^ ^'^^^ ^'^^^ l.)a4 1.510 ^/'
112.0 130.0 1I4J4..5 155.0 161.5 168.5
«t ^9.6 65.1 102.0 11^.6 132.0 11^9.5
"tmL 1770 1772 1772 1772 1776 1778
H'^l^k k->^^2 1|.S2.0 482.0 432.0 4^3.4 4^4.0
^^^ti:V .0400 .0252 .070? .0896 .1030 .1182
i*t 1346.0 2150.0 3460.0 5i4'^.o 6560.0 3550.0
)7t 72.5 72.5 63.5 54.5 55.9 56.0
i;
. * OC. t... v..v,,.X 000,&X 000 4OI mu
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ThesisS668
r
11470
SpencerAn experimental study
of the influence of
obstructions immediately
downstream from the
turbine wheel on turbine
performance.
Thesis U470S668 Spencer
An experimental study
of the influence of
obstructions immediately
downstream from the
turbine wheel on turbine
performance.
An experimental study of the influence o
3 2768 002 01577 8
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