Erin Rosskopf, Nancy Kokalis-Burelle, Jason Hong, and David Butler

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD) in Florida

MBAO

November 2012

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation

• Carol Shennan and Joji Muramoto, UC Santa Cruz Momma, N., 2008. Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) of soilborne pathogens and its possible mechanisms. Japan

Agric. Res. Quart. 42, 7-12.

Momma, N., Yamamoto, K., Simandi, P., Shishido, M., 2006. Role of organic acids in the mechanisms of biological

soil disinfestation (BSD). J. Gen. Plant Path. 72, 247-252.

Messiha, N., Van Diepeningen, A., Wenneker, M., Van Beuningen, A., Janse, J., Coenen, T., Termorshuizen, A., Van

Bruggen, A., Blok, W., 2007. Biological soil disinfestation (BSD), a new control method for potato brown rot,

caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2. Eur. J. Plant Path. 117, 403-415.

Florida Replicated Repeated Field

Trials

Factorial Experiment-Pepper/Eggplant Double Crop (2 years)

“Standard ASD” vs. 1,3-D etc.-Strawberry (2 years)

*CPL, Molasses, 2” clear tarp followed by opaque tarp

“Standard ASD” under multiple tarp types-mixed crops (2 years)

“Standard ASD” on “the flat”-Cut Flowers (starting 2nd year)

*Many demonstration plots, home and school gardens,

greenhouse, and microplot studies

Data Collection

Cumulative Redox Potential-Eh

pH

Culturable soil fungi-pathogens and non-pathogens

Weed populations and biomass

Plant parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes in soil and crop roots

Disease incidence

Crop Yield

Vegetable Post-harvest Fruit Quality

Total DNA for microbial community analysis

The Process

Composted broiler litter

(9T/A) applied to “false bed”

Molasses (3.5T/A dry

matter)

The Process

Incorporate amendments, lay drip lines and solarization plastic, BAKE WELL.

Vegetable trials

• Complete factorial (split-split plot) – Initial irrigation (none, 2”, 4”)

– Composted poultry litter (unamended vs. amended)

– Molasses (unamended vs. amended)

• Treatments solarized during treatment period

• Untreated and MeBr (200 lbs acre-1, 67:33) controls included, covered with metalized plastic film (not solarized)

Cumulative Redox Potential

Differential Responses

Fungal Plant Pathogens

@4.5 mg C/g soil

Differential Responses

Fungal Plant Pathogens

Butler et al., 2012. Plant Soil 355:149-

165.

Impact on plant-parasitic

nematodes

• M. incognita

populations

reduced by

molasses and/or

litter amendment

• Initial irrigation

important

Butler et al., Crop Protection 39(1):33-40. 2012.

Importance of Each Component

Total weed biomass

Small, negative correlation between Eh and weed biomass (r=-0.3)

Plastic Types • Clear plastics

– Guardian (Olefinas 1.5 mil)

– TIF (Raven 1.8 mil)

– Bromostop (Rimini 1.4mil)

• Opaque plastics

– Pliant Blockade (Blk 1.25)

– TIF (Raven, Blk 1.8 mil)

– HDPE (Hilex)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000C

um

ula

tive r

ed

ox p

ote

nti

al

(mV

hr)

EH

*

*

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

To

tal

em

erg

ed

/m

Nutsedge

A

B

C C C

Power Nutsedge

Strawberry Trials

Joe Noling, Frank Sances, Brad Booker, Balaji Agave

Introduced inoculum packets

Observation of Trichoderma infection of microsclerotia

Without sap testing

Poor distribution of inputs

Food Safety?

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

CPL Horse-L Pellets Horse-H UTC

Cu

mu

lati

ve r

ed

ox p

ote

nti

al

(mV

hr)

BC

AB

AB A

C

EH

Cut Flowers

First year of study-

ASD-good nematode control, moderate weed control, good pathogen control

0

50

100

150

200

250

MeBr ASD Steam 1 Steam 2

Dianthus

Weeds (Kg)

total stems

a

b b b

B

C

A

BC

Harvest complete 3-13-2011

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

MeBr ASD Steam 1 Steam 2

Delphinium

Weeds (Kg)

total stems

c a b bc

A A

B

B

Harvest complete 3-14-11

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

MeBr ASD Steam 1 Steam 2

Snapdragons

Weeds (Kg)

total stems

a b b b

Harvest complete 2-29-11

Summary

Have to do the process in one day

Repeated applications increased OM and anaerobicity

Solarization is important for weed control

Inputs could potentially be tailored to pests present and food safety concerns-

Replace CPL with mustard, soybean meal, or pasteurized CPL?

May be possible to eliminate two plastic laying events with TIF in vegetables

Excellent opportunity for BC incorporation

Potential to reduce in-bed rates of inputs with high temperatures

Need more work on non-raised bed crops, varieties of cut flowers

Need more mechanization of application for Florida

The Importance of Scale

Acknowledgements

• Partial funding provided by USDA, NIFA Methyl Bromide Transitions

(2007-51102-03854 and 2010-51102-21707)

• Drs. Greg McCollum and Joe Albano

• Kate Rotindo, Bernardette Stange, Melissa Sallstrom, Pragna Patel, Greg

Hess, Jackie Markle, Chris Lasser, Loretta Myers, Steve Mayo, Robert Ritten

Thank you!