Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance With Inlet Air Cooling Techniques Applied to Brazilian Sites

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE

AbbreviationsISO International Organization for StandardizationTIT Turbine Inlet TemperatureTIC Turbine Inlet Cooling

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doi: 10.5028/jatm.2012.04032012

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60% RH

40% RH

20% RH

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Inlet ChillingProcess

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40

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25

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4 16 27 38 49.000

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

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>@&RPEXVWLRQHIFLHQF\ >@,QOHWSUHVVXUHORVV 100 [mmH2O]([KDXVWSUHVVXUHORVV 200 [mmH2O] &RPEXVWLRQFKDPEHUSUHVVXUHORVV >@)XHO/+9 1DWXUDOJDV>N-NJ@

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6DQWRV$3$QGUDGH&5

72

76

80

84

88

92

96

100

104

108

112

116

[%]

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

Intake temperature [C]

ISO Conditions:T = 15 CI = 60 %

TIT = 1385 KHeat ratePower output

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

'T[C

]

TIT = 1385 KI = 60%

H = 0.95H = 0.90H = 0.85

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

Pow

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tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 KH = 0.90

I = 18%I = 60%Base-case

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0Th

e rm

alef

ficie

ncy

[%]

TIT = 1385 KH = 0.90

I = 18%I = 60%Base-Case

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48-4

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

'T[C

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Intake temperature[C]

TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: I = 18% and 60%Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90 and I = 18%Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90 and I = 60%

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

Pow

er o

utpu

t[M

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TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: I = 18%Absorption chiller: I = 60%Base-case

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

Ther

mal

effic

ienc

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TIT = 1385 KAbsorption chiller: I = 18%Absorption chiller: I = 60%Base-case

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

Pow

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tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 KI = 60 %

COP = 7.0COP = 4.5COP = 2.0

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

Pow

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tput

[MW

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TIT = 1385 KI = 60 %

COP = 7.0COP = 4.5COP = 2.0

)LJXUH (IIHFWRIPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUFRHIFLHQWRISHUIRUPDQFH&23RQJDVWXUELQHWKHUPDOHIFLHQF\


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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


34.5

35.0

35.5

36.0

36.5

37.0

37.5

38.0

38.5

39.0

Pow

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tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 KCOP = 4.5

I = 18%I = 60%

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

Mas

sflo

ww

ate r

[kg/

s]

ma = 141.16 kg/sTET = 1385 CI = 18%

Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90Absorption chillerMechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

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4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

Cool

ing

load

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 KI = 18 %

Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5Absorption chillerEvaporative cooling: H = 0.90

)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHFRROLQJORDGRIHYDSRUDWLYHDQGFKLOOHUVFRROLQJV\VWHPV


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

GDLO\FROOHFWHGDFWXDOGDWDPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDYHU-DJHUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\ZHUH WUHDWHGWRFDOFXODWHDQDYHUDJHPRQWKO\YDOXHRYHUWKHDQDO\]HG\HDUV

Table 2. *HRJUDSKLFVLWHVSite &DPSRV5-%UD]LO *RLkQLD*2%UD]LO

$OWLWXGH>P@ 25.0 Latitude [] Longitude [] - 41.34 3UHVVXUH>N3D@ 101.25

&DPSRV LV D FRDVW FLW\ZLWK KLJKHU DYHUDJHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHVRFFXUULQJGXULQJWKHVXPPHUPRQWKV&LQ'HFHPEHUWR0DUFKDQGORZHURQHVRFFXUULQJLQ-XQHWR$XJXVWa&DVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHDYHUDJHUHODWLY-LW\KXPLGLW\OHYHOLVKLJKGXULQJDOO\HDUUHDFKLQJDOPRVWLQ$SULO)LJ 2Q WKHRWKHUKDQG*RLkQLD LVDSODQQHGFLW\ ORFDWHGDWWKH FHQWUDO UHJLRQ RI WKH %UD]LO ZLWK PD[LPXP DYHUDJH

6DQWRV$3$QGUDGH&5

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

Pow

erou

tput

[MW

]

TIT = 1385 KI = 18%

Evaporative cooling:Absorption chillerCompression chiller: COP = 4.5Base case

H = 0.90

)LJXUH &RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHJDVWXUELQHSRZHURXWSXWIRUHDFKVLPXODWHGFRROLQJWHFKQLTXHV

4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48


25.5

26.0

26.5

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0

The r

mal

e ffic

ienc

y[%

]

TIT = 1385 KI = 18 %

Evaporative cooling:Absorption chillerCompression chiller: COP = 4.5Base-case

H = 0.90

)LJXUH &RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHJDVWXUELQHWKHUPDOHIFLHQF\IRUHDFKVLPXODWHGFRROLQJWHFKQLTXHV

27.0

27.5

28.0

28.5

29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0

31.5

32.0

32.5

33.0

33.5

34.0

Months

DECOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPR NOVMARFEBJAN

Am

bien

t tem

pera

ture

[C

]

)LJXUH &DPSRVVVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHRFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

DECNOVOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPRMARFEBJAN

Rel

ativ

e hu

mid

ity [%

]

Months

)LJXUH &DPSRVVVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV


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pHraGRr NaFiRnaO GR SiVWHma (OpWriFR216GHWHUPLQHVWKHWKHUPDOSRZHUSODQWRSHUDWLRQGXULQJWKLVSHULRG$WWKLVFRQWH[WWKHLQFUHPHQWDOHOHFWULFHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQDQGDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHHOHFWULFLW\FRVWZLOOEHKHUHLQFRQGXFWHGRQO\IRU WKHVHFRQGVHPHVWHURYHUFLWHGPHWHRURORJLFDOGDWD )LJXUHDQG)LJSUHVHQW WKH LQFUHPHQWDOHOHFWULFHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGZKHQWKHFRROLQJPHWKRGVDUH

LQFOXGHG IRU WKH &DPSRV DQG*RLkQLD ORFDWLRQV UHVSHF-WLYHO\1RWLFH WKDW WKHVHYDOXHVUHSUHVHQWHQKDQFHPHQW LQUHODWLRQWRWKHHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQSURGXFHGE\WKHJDVWXUELQHZLWKRXWDQ\FRROLQJ (PSOR\LQJUHVXOWVRIHFRQRPLFDQDO\VLVSUHVHQWHGLQSUHYL-RXVOLWHUDWXUHZRUNV$O,EUDKLPDQG9DUQKDP'H/XFLDHW aO*DUHWDHW aODQHFRQRPLFVWXG\ZDVDOVRSHUIRUPHGWDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKHFRVWRIDGGLWLRQDOGHYLFHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHDFKFRROLQJPHWKRG%HVLGHVWKHVWDWLRQDU\SRZHUJHQHUDWLRQV\VWHPLVH[SHFWHGWRKDYHDKLJKXWLOL]DWLRQIDFWRULHWKLVV\VWHPLVDVVXPHGWRRSHUDWHKRXUVSHUGD\GD\VSHU\HDUUHVXOWLQJLQKRXUVSHU\HDU 7KXV WKH WRWDO LQFUHPHQWDODQQXDOHQHUJ\XQLWFRVWKDGEHHQ FRPSXWHG LQ &DPSRV DQG *RLkQLD FRQVLGHULQJ WKHIROORZLQJFRQWULEXWLRQVFDSLWDOFRVWDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHDFKLQOHWDLUFRROLQJPHWKRGRSHUDWLRQDQGPDLQWHQDQFH20[HGDQGYDULDEOHFRVWVDQGLQFUHPHQWDOIXHOFRVWV7DEOHSUHVHQWVWKHLQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQFRPSXWHGE\VXPRIWKHPRQWKO\FRQWULEXWLRQSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJDQG)LJ


29.0

29.5

30.0

30.5

31.0

31.5

32.0

32.5

33.0

33.5

34.0

34.5

35.0

Months

DECOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPR NOVMARFEBJAN

Am

bien

t tem

pera

ture

[C

]

)LJXUH *RLkQLDVVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHRFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV

DECNOVOCTSEPAUGJULJUNMAYAPRMARFEBJAN

Months

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

Rel

ativ

e hu

mid

ity [%

]

)LJXUH *RLkQLDV VLWH 0RQWKO\ DYHUDJH UHODWLYH KXPLGLW\RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV

Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 Absorption chiller Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

DECOUTSEPAUGJUL NOV

Months

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

2,800

3,200

3,600

4,000

4,400

Incr

emen

tal e

lect

ric e

nerg

y ge

nera

tion

[MW

h]

)LJXUH &DPSRVV VLWH PRQWKO\ LQFUHPHQWDO HOHFWULF HQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGE\WKHWHVWHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

2,400

2,800

3,200

3,600

4,000

4,400

4,800

5,200

Mounths

DECOUTSEPAUGJUL NOV

Evaporative cooling: = 0.90 Absorption chiller Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

Incr

emen

tal e

lect

ric e

nerg

y ge

nera

tion

[MW

h]

)LJXUH *RLDQLDV VLWH PRQWKO\ LQFUHPHQWDO HOHFWULF HQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGE\WKHWHVWHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV


IXHOFRVWDQGWRWDOHQHUJ\XQLWFRVWREWDLQHGIRU&DPSRVDQG*RLkQLDVVLWHVHPSOR\LQJWKHWKUHHVWXGLHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV 7KH HYDSRUDWLYH FRROLQJ SURYLGHV PRQWKO\ DXJPHQWHGHQHUJ\ JHQHUDWLRQ OHVVHU WKDQ 0:K IRU &DPSRVVVLWH )LJ UHVXOWLQJ LQ D DQQXDO FRQWULEXWLRQ RI DERXW0:KDVVKRZQ LQ WKH WKLUGFROXPQRI7DEOH7KHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUV\VWHPSURGXFHGFORVHWRIRXUWLPHVPRUHHOHFWULFHQHUJ\WKDQWKHSRZHUSODQWZLWKHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJV\VWHPa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

CONCLUSIONS

7KHYDULDWLRQRIWKHDPELHQWDLUWHPSHUDWXUHVKRZHGWKDWDW,62FRQGLWLRQVDQLQFUHDVHRI&LQWKHLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHJHQHUDWHVDUHGXFWLRQRILQWKHJDVWXUELQHSRZHURXWSXWDQGRILQWKHF\FOHWKHUPDOHIFLHQF\)LJ7KHVHUHVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKDW7,&WHFKQRORJLHVDUHSULPRUGLDOWRHQVXUH

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

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

$XWKRUVDUHJUDWHIXOWR96(9DOH6ROXo}HVHP(QHUJLDE\WKHQDQFLDOVXSSRUWIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVZRUN

6DQWRV$3$QGUDGH&5

Table 3. IQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOJDVWXUELQHSDUDPHWHUV

&LW\ &RROLQJPHWKRG ,QFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQ ,QFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOIXHOFRVW ,QFUHPHQWLQHQHUJ\XQLWFRVW>0:K@ >0:K@ >0:K@

&DPSRV(YDSRUDWLYH $EVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU 43.280HFKDQLFDOFKLOOHU

*RLkQLD(YDSRUDWLYH 32.02$EVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU 43.240HFKDQLFDOFKLOOHU 53.00



REFERENCES

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Date post:	18-Oct-2015
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Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance With Inlet Air Cooling Techniques Applied to Brazilian Sites

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