BULLETINI N T E L L I G E N C E

Product No. 2004-L0424-002 SEPTEMBER 2004

U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F J U S T I C E

PCP: Increasing Availability and Abuse

Law enforcement, seizure, and treatment dataindicate that PCP (phencyclidine) availability andabuse are increasing in some areas of the country,particularly in metropolitan areas. Primarily pro-duced by street gangs and criminal groups operatingin California, the drug is distributed and abusedthroughout the country. Law enforcement agenciesreport that PCP is rising in popularity among ado-lescents and young adults. Though considered aminor threat in comparison with other illicit drugs,the rising availability and abuse of PCP pose agrowing threat to the United States.

Background

PCP was first synthesized in 1926 and waspatented and marketed as a Schedule III surgicalanalgesic and anesthetic in 1963. Adverse sideeffects associated with the drug—including delu-sion, agitation, and confusion—caused it to bewithdrawn from the market in 1965. PCP was thenmarketed as a veterinary anesthetic and tranquilizer

in 1967. In 1978 PCP was transferred from Sched-ule III to Schedule II of the Controlled SubstancesAct of 1970 due to reported increases in abuse.

Abuse

PCP abuse appears to be increasing, particu-larly in metropolitan areas. According to the DrugAbuse Warning Network (DAWN), the estimatednumber of emergency department (ED) mentionsfor PCP rose steadily each year from 3,663 men-tions in 1999 to 7,648 mentions in 2002. AmongDAWN reporting cities, ED mentions for PCP werehighest in Washington, D.C., (1,302), Philadelphia(1,144), and Los Angeles (991). In the same year,the Community Epidemiology Work Group(CEWG) reported that indicators increased in fiveareas—Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Texas,and Washington, D.C. According to the TreatmentEpisode Data Set (TEDS), the number of PCP-related treatment admissions to publicly fundedfacilities nationwide increased from 2,210 admis-sions in 1999 to 3,866 admissions in 2002.

The effects of PCP vary, depending on thedose. Low to moderate doses of 1 to 5 milligramscause feelings of detachment, slurred speech, loss ofcoordination, and rapid eye movement. Higherdoses (10 mg or more) produce illusions and audi-tory hallucinations. PCP users may also havefeelings of strength, anxiety, aggression, and hostil-ity and may experience delusions, paranoia, andcatatonia.

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PCP: Increasing Availability and Abuse

PCP-Laced Cigarettes,Cigars, and Marijuana

Smoking tobacco products or marijuana dipped inliquid PCP remains popular among some youngadults, according to state and local law enforce-ment reporting. In 2003 PCP-laced cigarettes,cigars, and marijuana joints were noted in Arkan-sas, California, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey,New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Thecost reportedly ranges from $5 to $30 each.

PCP is available in powder, crystal, tablet,capsule, and liquid forms and is either injected,snorted, swallowed, or smoked by applying liquidPCP to leafy materials such as tobacco, marijuana,parsley, mint, and oregano. Powdered or crystal PCPalso is smoked when mixed with marijuana ortobacco. Street names for the drug include angeldust, buck-naked, dippers, embalming fluid, killerweed, love boat, super grass, and rocket fuel.

Availability

Although law enforcement reporting indicatesthat PCP availability is increasing in metropolitanareas, National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)National Drug Threat Survey (NDTS) 2004 datareveal that 60.8 percent of agencies report that PCPavailability is low and that approximately one-quarter of the respondents (25.2%) indicate thatPCP is not available in their areas. Law enforcementreporting indicates that PCP is increasingly avail-able or resurgent in metropolitan areas such asBaltimore, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, New York,Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.

According to Drug Enforcement Administration(DEA) System to Retrieve Information From DrugEvidence (STRIDE) data, nationwide seizureamounts increased significantly between 2000 and2002 before decreasing in 2003.

Wholesale and retail prices of PCP are rela-tively low in comparison with other illicit drugs.Gallon quantities of liquid PCP sell at the wholesalelevel for $6,500 to $8,000 in Los Angeles and$12,000 to $20,000 in New York City. At the retaillevel, PCP-laced cigarettes and joints reportedly sellfor $5 to $30 each. The tablet form of PCP sells for$20 to $30 per tablet; PCP in powder form sells for$20 to $30 per gram; and liquid PCP sells for $125to $600 per ounce.

PCP Tablets

Tablets composed partially or entirely of PCP—asrevealed by laboratory analysis—but sometimes soldas MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)are being distributed in the United States. Lawenforcement reporting indicates that over the past 3years, tablets containing PCP have been seized inFlorida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, New York, Ohio,Virginia, and Washington, D.C.

STRIDE PCP Seizures, 2000–2003

Year Dosage Units

2000 184,938

2001 1,037,574

2002 6,030,545

2003 3,592,827

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration.

Estimated PCP Prices, Nationwide, 2003

Wholesale

Liquid $6,500-$28,000/gallon

Retail

PCP-laced cigarette/joint $5-$30

Powder $20-$30/g

Tablet $20-$30/tablet

Liquid $125-$600/oz

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration.

Photo courtesy of Metropolitan Bureau of Investigation, Orlando FL

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National Drug Intelligence Center

Production,Transportation,and Distribution

The chemicals required to illicitly produce PCPare readily available and inexpensive, and the produc-tion process does not require much knowledge ofchemistry or laboratory equipment. Liquid PCPcommonly is produced using a technique called thebucket method, in which chemicals are mixed in abucket or trash can. Although it is a relatively simplemethod, the chemicals used to produce the drug aretoxic and highly flammable. Piperidine, a PCPprecursor, commonly is found at laboratory sites.Other chemicals may include bromobenzene, ether,hydrochloric acid, and potassium cyanide. Most PCPcontains contaminants from its makeshift manufac-ture, resulting in a color ranging from tan to brown.

Laboratory seizure data and law enforcementreporting indicate that PCP production is limitedand controlled predominantly by members ofAfrican American gangs, primarily Bloods andCrips, and criminal groups operating in California.DEA El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC) NationalClandestine Laboratory Seizure System (NCLSS)data indicate that of the 22 clandestine laboratoriesseized in the United States from 2000 through 2003,18 were located in California. Mexican drug traf-ficking organizations (DTOs) and independentoperators also produce PCP in the United States,although to a lesser extent.

Street Gangs Traffic PCPStreet gangs, primarily Bloods and Crips, areinvolved in the production, transportation, anddistribution of PCP in the United States. Thesegangs, composed primarily of African Americanmales, operate principally in the Los Angelesmetropolitan area but are also present in severalareas of the country, including the West Central,Pacific, and Southeast regions. Bloods and Cripsdistribute PCP and other illicit drugs and are in-volved in many other types of criminal activity,including assault, homicide, extortion, and robbery.

Produced primarily for domestic distribution,PCP is transported by package delivery servicesand in private vehicles, buses, and commercialaircraft to distribution centers including Baltimore,Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York City,New Orleans, and Washington, D.C. Law enforce-ment reporting indicates that PCP produced insouthern California is transported in private ve-hicles or by couriers aboard passenger trains tostates such as Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, NewJersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Pennsyl-vania for retail distribution. In many instances,couriers attempt to conceal the amber-colored PCPin plastic shampoo, sports drink, gasoline, ormouthwash containers and glass whiskey, vinegar,or cleaning solution bottles. PCP is supplied togang members and independent dealers for retaildistribution from private residences and publichousing projects. Retail-level distributors typicallysell PCP at open-air markets in inner cities, oncollege campuses, and at raves.

Liquid PCP Transport MethodsLiquid PCP is transportedfrom producers to distributorsin a variety of glass andplastic containers. Typicallyproducers sell liquid PCP towholesale distributors incontainers ranging in sizefrom gallon jugs to sodabottles. Wholesale distribu-tors usually transfer the drugto smaller containers, such

as vanilla extract bottles and glass vials, fordistribution at the retail level.

California: On September 4, 2003, DEAannounced the indictment of 28 individuals in theCentral District of California on charges related tothe illicit production and distribution of PCP.According to the indictments, between April 2001and March 2003 the defendants, who were mem-bers of a Los Angeles-based criminal group,

NDIC

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PCP: Increasing Availability and Abuse

produced PCP in clandestine laboratories locatedin the Los Angeles area. During the investigation,investigators seized two operational PCP laborato-ries capable of producing 50 to 200 gallons ofPCP, one nonoperational PCP laboratory, 10gallons of PCP, chemicals used in manufacturingPCP (ether, pyridine, and piperidine), $120,000,and six firearms. The criminal group sold PCP todistributors in areas of the United States includingCalifornia and Houston.

Connecticut: A joint investigation conductedby the Connecticut State Police, Federal Bureau ofInvestigation (FBI), Hartford Police Department,and Willimantic Police Department resulted in theNovember 20, 2002, arrests of 11 individuals fortransporting gallon quantities of PCP from NewYork City to Hartford. Several arrestees weremembers of an African American criminal groupoperating from public housing complexes inHartford’s North End. These arrestees traveled inprivate vehicles to the Harlem section of New YorkCity two to three times per month to purchase 1 to2 gallons of PCP for $300 per liquid ounce fromtwo Belizean nationals. The arrestees transportedthe PCP to Hartford in 32-ounce plastic or glassbottles and resold the drug for $600 per liquidounce in the Hartford area. The arrestees alsosoaked marijuana and mint leaves in liquid PCPand distributed the combination for $10 to $20 pergram. Following the arrests, searches by lawenforcement officers yielded 1 gallon of liquidPCP, 30 grams of PCP-soaked mint leaves,$16,000 in cash, and 2 handguns. In addition, 1kilogram of heroin was seized from the Belizeannationals who had recently begun to distribute thatdrug in New York City.

Florida: Officials from the Orlando Metro-politan Bureau of Investigation (MBI) and DEAreport that tablets sold as MDMA (3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine, also known as ecstasy) inthe Orlando area were in fact PCP. On September 9,2003, agents purchased 500 tablets from two men in

Pine Hills, a west Orlando neighborhood, who toldthe agents that they were ecstasy tablets. The agentsarrested the men. A search of their vehicle resultedin the seizure of 150 additional tablets, 5 ounces ofpowdered cocaine, and a loaded handgun. Theagents submitted the tablets to a crime laboratoryfor analysis. The laboratory reported that the 500blue tablets—marked with a single score on oneside and an elevated cross on the other side—con-tained PCP as their only active ingredient. Thelaboratory also reported that another 100 green tabletswith similar markings also were PCP tablets. Theremaining 50 tablets—yellow and marked with ayin-yang symbol—reportedly contained MDA(3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) and methamphet-amine. Both suspects were charged with traffickingPCP and MDA, possession of a firearm by a con-victed felon, and possession of cocaine with intent todeliver. One of the suspects was a member of theLatin Kings gang. The other suspect had no knowngang affiliation and is believed to be from Virginia.

Florida: On June 5, 2003, the U.S. Attorneyfor the Middle District of Florida announced thearrest and indictment of three individuals forconspiracy to possess a listed chemical used tomanufacture PCP and for possession of listedchemicals. DEA agents arranged a “buy-bust”operation, and the defendants were arrested onJune 2, 2003, at a parking lot in Tampa after theyhad purchased 3 gallons of piperidine for $3,900from case agents. Information collected after thedefendants’ arrest led DEA agents to search aresidence rented by one of the defendants. In theresidence, agents discovered a laboratory used toproduce PCP, 24 gallons of cyclohexanone, 60pounds of sodium cyanide, 100 pounds of sodiummetabisulfate, and 24 gallons of bromobenzene—chemicals used in the production of PCP. Agentsalso seized 120 grams of powdered PCP prepack-aged for retail distribution. According to DEA, thisis believed to be the largest PCP laboratory everseized in the state.

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National Drug Intelligence Center

Illinois: The Illinois State Police ForensicScience Center in Chicago received two submis-sions containing a total of 55 lollipops that weresuspected of containing a controlled substance—possibly MDMA, THC, or GHB. The lollipopswere being sold on the West Side of Chicago andwere seized by the Chicago Police Department inJanuary 2004. Analysis was prioritized because theitems were apparently being marketed to children.Each lollipop weighed approximately 10 grams,was green, red, or amber in color, and was in theshape of a maple leaf or a face resembling SantaClaus. No visible plant material was observed;however, a crushed portion tested positive fortetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Further analysisindicated a mixture of THC and PCP. This was thelaboratory’s first submission of this type.

Maryland: The DEA Mid-Atlantic Laboratoryin Largo received 198 blue tablets suspected to beMDMA with a cross logo on one side and a singlescore mark on the other. The tablets were recoveredin January 2004 from a laboratory that producedmethamphetamine using the iodine-red phosphorusmethod in Waldorf. (Waldorf is about 20 milessouth-southwest of Washington, D.C.) The tabletswere round, biconvex, approximately 10 millimetersin diameter, and weighed 256 milligrams each.Analysis indicated not MDMA but rather PCP (0.38milligrams/tablet). This was the first submission tothe laboratory of suspected MDMA tablets contain-ing only PCP. There was no indication that PCP wasbeing produced at the clandestine laboratory.

Maryland: On November 20, 2002, theBaltimore City Police Department seized a PCPlaboratory operating in a residential neighborhoodof the city. Baltimore City officers, along withagents from DEA, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,Firearms and Explosives (ATF), and the MarylandDepartment of the Environment, confiscated 30gallons of liquid PCP and 180 gallons of precursorchemicals from the basement of a private resi-dence. Sections of the city were cordoned offbecause of the explosive nature of the chemicals.

Missouri: On October 30, 2002, an OklahomaHighway Patrol officer seized thirty-two 16-ouncebottles of PCP (approximately 61,000 doses) froma vehicle that had been traveling north on Inter-state 35 near Blackwell. The officer stopped thevehicle for speeding and obtained the driver’sconsent to search the vehicle. During the search adrug-detection canine alerted to drugs in thedashboard area. After the canine alert, the drivertold the officer that her boyfriend had smokedmarijuana in the car. The trooper continued tosearch the vehicle and discovered bottles of PCPconcealed in a hidden compartment that extendedthe entire length of the dash. In a subsequentinterview the driver stated that she was drivingfrom California to St. Louis, Missouri.

Missouri: On July 1, 2002, the Kansas CityPolice Department Gang Squad seized three-quarters of a gallon of PCP and arrested two maleswho had attempted to sell the PCP to an undercoverofficer for $16,000. During undercover negotiationswith the suspects, squad officers requested topurchase only 1 ounce of PCP. The suspects misun-derstood the request and arrived with three-quartersof a gallon. The suspects—local residents of theKansas City area—had obtained the PCP fromsources in Los Angeles, California. In November2001 officers had seized 11 gallons of PCP from anassociate of the two men.

Ohio: The Grand Junction Police DepartmentLaboratory in Colorado received two 1-gallon jugsmarked Gatorade that contained an orange liquidsuspected to be PCP. The jugs were located in ablack cloth suitcase seized by the Grand Valley JointDrug Task Force at the Grand Junction Greyhoundbus station in January 2003. The two suspectsinvolved were traveling from Compton, California,to Cincinnati, Ohio. Passive evaporation of theliquids reduced their volume by about two-thirds.Analysis of the final solution confirmed fairly cleanphencyclidine base. The easily evaporated solventwas petroleum ether. The laboratory had receivedphencyclidine base samples seized at the bus stationon two occasions, but not in these quantities.

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PCP: Increasing Availability and Abuse

Oklahoma: On February 27, 2004, an Okla-homa Highway Patrol interdiction unit seized 1gallon of liquid PCP during a routine traffic stopon I-40 in Custer County. According to officials,the troopers stopped a pickup truck for speeding.During identification checks of the occupants, thetroopers noticed that both the driver and thepassenger appeared to be extremely nervous andprovided conflicting information about the natureof their travel. During the course of a drug-detec-tion canine search, the passenger threw a partiallysmoked cigarette out of the passenger window. Thedrug-detection canine alerted to the cigarette—which field-tested positive for marijuana. A subse-quent search of the vehicle revealed 1 gallon ofsuspected PCP hidden in a compartment locatedbehind the firewall. The driver, a 38-year-old malefrom Phoenix, and the passenger, a 25-year-oldfemale from Tolleson (AZ), were arrested andcharged with trafficking and possession of acontrolled substance. The PCP was believed to bedestined for Oklahoma City or Tulsa.

Oklahoma: On September 24, 2002, NewMexico State Police officers seized 2 gallons ofliquid PCP from a rental vehicle traveling east onI-40, a major west-east interstate from Barstow,California, to Wilmington, North Carolina. Theyarrested the driver, a 20-year-old resident of Cali-fornia. Officers had stopped the vehicle for speed-ing and discovered the PCP during a consensualsearch. The PCP was found in a cooler in the trunkof the vehicle, concealed in four grape juicecontainers. New Mexico officials report that this isone of the largest PCP seizures in the state’shistory. Reports indicate that the drug was intendedfor distribution in Oklahoma.

Pennsylvania: On June 11, 2004, an Okla-homa Highway Patrol Interdiction Team seized 7gallons of PCP and 10 kilograms of cocaine from arented 2004 Mercury sport-utility vehicle (SUV)during a traffic stop on the Turner Turnpike (I-44).The driver stated that the load had originated inCompton, California, and was destined for

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After a drug-detectioncanine alerted to the vehicle, it was examined and7 gallons of PCP and 10 kilograms of cocaine werefound in the rear of the vehicle. The PCP wasconcealed in an ice chest in three 2-gallon plasticgas containers and three plastic bottles weighingapproximately 20 ounces each. The liquid in all thecontainers field-tested positive for PCP. Thecocaine was wrapped in brown tape bundlesweighing approximately 1 kilogram each. Two ofthe bundles were found wrapped in a pair of pantsand the other eight were found in two shoeboxes.The bundles field-tested positive for cocaine. Boththe driver and passenger were arrested.

Texas: On August 26, 2003, 10 individualswere indicted in the Southern District of Texasafter investigators from the DEA Houston Divi-sion, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement(ICE), Texas Department of Public Safety, andHarris County Sheriff’s Department establishedthat the individuals were distributing PCP pro-duced by a southern California criminal group.

Washington, D.C.: On March 15, 2004, theU.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia, FBI,DEA, and District of Columbia MetropolitanPolice Department (MPDC) announced the indict-ment of 26 individuals on numerous federalcharges including conspiracy to distribute con-trolled substances, primarily PCP. According to theindictment, since March 2002 two New York menhad directed the conspiracy by arranging for PCPto be shipped via mail services, private vehicles,and commercial airlines from California to Wash-ington, D.C. Upon obtaining the PCP, defendantslocated in Washington, D.C., distributed the drugin the Northeast section of the city around 18th andM Streets. The defendants sold liquid PCP, as wellas crack cocaine and MDMA, to individuals fromthe city as well as to Maryland and Virginia resi-dents who traveled into the city to purchase thedrugs. Prior to the announcement of the indict-ments, law enforcement officers executed searchwarrants in at least 25 locations in Washington,

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National Drug Intelligence Center

D.C., Maryland, Virginia, New York, and Georgia.The searches resulted in the seizure of 1 gallon ofPCP, 17 firearms, and approximately $100,000 incash. Twenty of the defendants have been arrested;six remain fugitives. The indictments were theresult of a long-term investigation conducted by ajoint FBI/MPDC task force targeting gang activityin the District of Columbia.

Washington, D.C.: On March 12, 2003,Junction City Police Department officers seizedapproximately 1 gallon of liquid PCP from a vantraveling east on I-70 through Kansas. The officerstopped the van for a moving violation but becamesuspicious when the female operator providedconflicting information regarding her travel route.The officer requested consent to search the van butwas refused by the operator. The officer then calleda Kansas Highway Patrol drug-detection canineunit to the scene. A drug-detection canine alertedto the door panel on the driver’s side of thevehicle, where officers subsequently discoveredsuspected marijuana residue. The officers thenconducted a search of the inside of the van and acooler containing ice, bottles of water, and twoplastic apple juice bottles. The officers noticed thatthe seals of the apple juice bottles were broken andthat their contents had a strong odor. DEA agentsresponded to the scene, conducted a field analysisof the liquid, and confirmed that the liquid insidethe apple juice bottles was PCP. The operator and

her three companions were arrested on federalcharges of possessing a controlled substance withthe intent to distribute. Three of the defendants arefrom the Washington, D.C., area and one is fromRhode Island. Law enforcement authorities believethat the individuals obtained the PCP in LosAngeles and were returning to Washington, D.C.

Outlook

The availability of PCP will continue to increasedue to relatively simple production techniques andincreasing demand. Abuse will remain most prevalentin large metropolitan areas, although an increase inabuse in suburbs and smaller communities that haveincreasing street gang activity is probable. PCP willremain predominantly a street drug, and there is noindication that its use is likely to become widespreadat nightclubs or raves. Easy accessibility and rela-tively low costs associated with the production andsale of PCP will continue to attract new users—particularly among adolescents and young adults—and will continue to be a problem in the UnitedStates. PCP will continue to be produced primarily inmetropolitan areas by African American gangs andcriminal groups. PCP will remain a growing concernto law enforcement agencies in the United States dueto the recent surge in abuse and availability and thegrowing popularity of the drug.

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PCP: Increasing Availability and Abuse

Sources

StateArizonaChandler Police Department

ArkansasArkansas State PoliceHot Springs Police DepartmentPulaski County Sheriff’s Office

CaliforniaBelmont Police DepartmentHayward Police DepartmentLos Angeles Police DepartmentOrange County Sheriff’s DepartmentPomona Police DepartmentSan Bernardino Police DepartmentSan Mateo Country Narcotics Task Force

ColoradoDenver Police DepartmentGrand Junction Police DepartmentGrand Valley Joint Drug Task Force

ConnecticutConnecticut State PoliceHartford Police DepartmentWillimantic Police Department

District of ColumbiaMetropolitan Police Department

FloridaFlorida Department of Law EnforcementOrlando Metropolitan Bureau of Investigation

GeorgiaMuscogee County Sheriff’s Office

IllinoisChicago Police DepartmentIllinois State Police Forensic Science Center atChicago

KansasJunction City Police DepartmentKansas Highway Patrol

LouisianaLake Charles Police DepartmentSaint Landry Parish Sheriff’s Office

MarylandBaltimore City Police DepartmentCalvert County Substance Abuse ProgramCharles County Substance Abuse ServicesHoward County Police DepartmentRockdale Police DepartmentSt. Mary’s County Sheriff’s Office

MissouriColumbia Police DepartmentKansas City Police DepartmentMissouri State Highway PatrolSt. Louis Metropolitan Police Department

NebraskaNebraska State Patrol

New JerseyHudson County Narcotics Task ForceManchester Township Police DepartmentNew Brunswick Police DepartmentSalem County Prosecutor’s Office

New MexicoNew Mexico State Police

New YorkFulton Police DepartmentNew York City Police DepartmentNew York State Police

Division of State Police

OklahomaOklahoma Highway Patrol

TexasGarland County Sheriff’s OfficeHarris County Sheriff’s DepartmentRockdale Police DepartmentTexas Department of Public SafetyWaco Police Department

VirginiaFairfax County Police DepartmentManassas City Police DepartmentVirginia Baptist Hospital

Pathways Treatment Center

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National Drug Intelligence Center

FederalExecutive Office of the President

Office of National Drug Control PolicyHigh Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas

ChicagoHoustonPhiladelphia/CamdenRocky MountainWashington, D.C., HIDTA Group

U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health

National Institute on Drug AbuseCommunity Epidemiology Work GroupMonitoring the Future

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationOffice of Applied Studies

Drug Abuse Warning NetworkNational Survey on Drug Use and HealthTreatment Episode Data Set

U.S. Department of Homeland SecurityU.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

U.S. Department of JusticeDrug Enforcement Administration

Chicago DivisionDallas DivisionEl Paso Intelligence Center

National Clandestine Laboratory Seizure SystemHouston DivisionMid-Atlantic LaboratoryPhiladelphia DivisionSystem to Retrieve Information From Drug EvidenceWashington, D.C., Division

Federal Bureau of Investigation

U.S. Attorney’s OfficeDistrict of ColumbiaMiddle District of FloridaSouthern District of Texas

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PCP: Increasing Availability and Abuse

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