ARTECHE LOW VOLTAGE CAPACITOR BANKS. · PDF fileof a capacitor bank investment. Contact our...

ARTECHE LOW VOLTAGE CAPACITOR BANKS.smARTbat LV.

This document may be subject to changes. Contact ARTECHE to confi rm the characteristics and availability of the products described here.

Moving together

ARTECHE Low Voltage Capacitor Banks | smARTbat LV

1. Low Voltage Capacitors | 4

2. Advantages of Reactive Power Compensation. Why install Capacitor Banks? | 10

3. smARTbat LV CFB Family. Fixed Low Voltage Power Factor Correction Capacitor Banks | 14

4. smARTbat LV CAB Family. Automatic Low Voltage Power Factor Correction Capacitor Banks | 18

5. smARTbat LV FAB/FFB family. Fixed or Automatic Low Voltage Detuned Capacitor Banks

for Power Factor Correction (134 Hz) | 24

CONTENTS

4 ARTECHE Low Voltage Capacitor Banks | smARTbat LV

1. LOW VOLTAGE CAPACITORS

5ARTECHE Low Voltage Capacitor Banks | smARTbat LV

ARTECHE three-phase power factor correction capacitors are installed as part of ARTECHE range of capacitor banks type smARTbat LV.

They are specifi cally designed for superior performance combined with or without ARTECHE fi ltering reactors. They are constructed for power factor correction so as to withstand the eff ects of the harmonics in harmonic fi ltering applications. The harmonics increase the internal heating of the capacitors and can signifi cantly reduce their life (50% further reduction every 10°C increase). When harmonics are present, the losses in the capacitor increase because the capacitor current increase as a consequence of the over voltage.

ARTECHE THREE PHASE CAPACITORS FOR POWER FACTOR CORRECTION


The geometry of the capacitor aff ects its ability to dissipate heat. It is known that heating of a capacitor increases with the height of the capacitor and further to capacitor smaller diameters. ARTECHE capacitors maximize diameter and reduce height to minimize internal losses and avoid increasing temperature, reaching a higher life expectancy, and enduring harshest weather conditions.

Due to this design our capacitors can withstand operating temperatures up to 70°C continued without reducing life expectancy.

› ARTECHE three phase capacitors for power factor correction.



C. Internal Cooling

› Very large zinc layers for heat transportation.

A. Low Current Density Design

› Larger area for current entry. › Low current density

KEY FEATURES OF ARTECHE CAPACITORS:

B. Heat Dissipation Losses

Short path inside the winding

› Low series resistance. › Low heat dissipation.

Current


Figure 1 gives an example of the life expec-tancy of a capacitor designed for 80°C and one designed for 40°C.

PROTECTION AGAINST OVERVOLTAGES AND SHORTCIRCUITS: SELF-HEALING DIELECTRIC

All dielectric structures used in our power capacitors are “self-healing”:

In the event of a voltage breakdown the metal layers around the breakdown channel are evaporated by the temperature of the electric arc that forms between the electrodes. They are removed within a few microseconds and pushed apart by the pressure generated in the center of the breakdown spot. An insulation area is formed which is reliably resistive and voltage proof for all operating requirements of the capacitor. The capacitor remains fully functional during and after the breakdown.

PROTECTION AGAINST ACCIDENTAL CONTACT

All capacitors are checked by routine test (voltage test between shorted terminations and case: 2xUN + 2,000 V ( at least 3,000 V) in accordance with IEC 60831. Capacitors are earthed at the bottom stud.

Terminal blocks are design for IP20, protecting against accidental fi nger contact with life parts. The discharge modules are designed in the same way.

See fi gure 2.

PROTECTION AGAINST OVERLOAD AND FAILURE AT THE END OF SERVICE LIFE

In the event of overvoltage or thermal overload or ageing at the end of the capacitor’s life, an increasing number of self-healing breakdowns may cause rising pressure inside the capacitor. To prevent it from bursting, the capacitor is fi tted with a break action mechanism. This safety mechanism is based on an attenuated spot at one, two or three of the connecting wires inside the capacitor. With rising pressure the case begins to expand, mainly by opening the folded crimp and pushing the lid upwards. As a result, the wires are separated and the current path is interrupted irreversibly.

See fi gure 3.


% li

fe e

xpec

tanc

y

Temperature (°C)

› Fig. 1

› Fig. 2

› Fig. 3

Capacitor before protection has worked

Capacitor after protection has worked

200

150

100

50

025 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

(*) M.H. El-Husseine, Pascal Venet, Gérard Rojat, Charles Joubert, “Thermal Simulation for geometric optimization of metallized polypropylene fi lm capacitors” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 38, No. 3, May/June 2002.

Capacitor designed for 40°C

Capacitor designed for 80°C


STANDARDS COMPLIANCE

› IEC 60831-1(2003): Shunt Power capaci-tors of self-healing type for a.c. systems ≤1,000 V• Part 1: Performance, testing and rating,

safety requirements, guide for installation and operation.

› IEC 60831-2(2003): Shunt Power capaci-tors of self-healing type for a.c. systems ≤1,000 V• Part 2: Ageing test, self-healing test and

destruction test.

› VDE 0560-46/47 › 73/23/EWG: Low-voltage directive › UL Nº 810 › 93/68/EWG: Directive for amendment 73/23/EWG (CE Conformity Mark)

› DIN IEC 68-2-6: Vibration stress


PARTICULAR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSRated voltage (V) Un 400, 480, 525

Maximum rated current (A) 1.8 xIn

Temperature category acc. to IEC 60831 -40℃/60℃

Ambient temperature Up to 70 ℃

Tolerance capacitance ±5%

Internal connection Delta

Filling material Inert gas (N2)/ no PCB

Dissipation losses <0,5 W/kVAr

Dielectric Self healing, pure polypropylene fi lms

Humidity 95%

Altitude <4,000 abv.s.l.

Life expectancy >150,000 h

Permitted overvoltages:

8 h/d 1.1x Un

30 min/d 1.15x Un

5 min 1.2x Un

1 min 1.3x Un

Discharge time Below 50 V within no more than 60 s

Discharge resistor Built in

Overpressure disconnection mechanism Included

IP IP20

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ARTECHE POWER QUALITYCustomized solutions.


2. Advantages of Reactive Power Compensation. Why install Capacitor Banks?


2. ADVANTAGES OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION. WHY INSTALL CAPACITOR BANKS?

BENEFITS OF IMPROVING POWER FACTOR

› Improved Power Factor. › Reduce current draw. › Reduce kVA demand. › Reduce electricity demand. › Charges. › Reduce losses in power system & transformers. › Increase KVA available from transformers. › Reduce motor current draw. › Reduce I2R losses. › Extend equipment life. › Improve facility voltage levels.

Raise Power Factor:ARTECHE Power Factor Capacitors Banks will raise the power factor of motors and other inductive loads.

Fixed Capacitor Banks type CFB may be used for individual inductive loads, or to improve power factor for an entire facility or electrical service.

Use Fixed Capacitors for commercial, industrial applications.

OriginalPF

FinalPF

CurrentReduced

by

kVADemand

Reduced by

0,93 1.0 7% 7%

0,90 1.0 10% 10%

0,88 1.0 12% 12%

0,85 1.0 15% 15%

0,80 1.0 20% 20%

0,75 1.0 25% 25%

0,70 1.0 30% 30%

0,65 1.0 35% 35%

0,60 1.0 40% 40%

Inductive loads can demand large amounts of reactive power and reduce overall facility power factor. For instance, the full load power factor of individual motors can range from 0.60 to 0.93 and drops steadily as the load is reduced.

Since many motors are de rated or operate well below full load conditions. Typical power factors may then be much lower than stated on the motor nameplate.

When capacitors banks are added to motors or networks, the capacitor supplies the reactive power needs of the motor instead of the facility, thus improving power factor at this point and upstream of it.

ARTECHE capacitors Banks improve the power factor, save energy and reduce electric bills.

By reducing the reactive power demand, clients can make additional capacity available from existing transformers.

CAPACITORS BANKS CAN REDUCE ENERGY COSTS, IMPROVE POWER FACTOR AND INCREASE POWER SYSTEM CAPACITY


If a system has an existing overload, the capacitor may eliminate it.

If the system is not overloaded, capacitors banks can release capacity and postpone or avoid an investment in more expensive transformers, switchgear and cable, otherwise required to serve additional loads.

How much will voltage rise?

% Voltage Increase = ______ x 100

Where:

kVAcc = _________________________

Excessive voltage sags can make motors sluggish, and cause them to overheat. Low voltage also interferes with lighting, the proper operation of motor controls and electrical and electronics instruments.

Capacitors will raise the plant voltage level, and can maintain it all along the feeders, right out to the furthest motors.

How much energy will capacitors save?

By supplying kilovars at the point where they are needed, capacitors will relieve the system of delivering reactive current. Since electrical current in the lines is reduced, the circuit I2R losses also decrease. Therefore, fewer kWh need to be purchased from the utility. ROI will vary depending on factors such as utility rate structure, load conditions, old PF and new PF.

Precise Control of Power Factor:For large facilities or electrical services, consider ARTECHE Type CAB Automatic Capacitor Systems. Automatic Capacitor Systems are required for multiple loads so that capacitance can be adjusted based upon varying load conditions and varying reactive power demand.

Achieve Maximum Reduction of Power Losses:Capacitors Banks should be connected as close (electrically) as possible to individual inductive loads in order to recover the highest percentage of branch circuit conductor power losses. Properly applied capacitors can lower the power system losses by reducing the circuit current and I2R power losses.

Reduce Electric Energy Costs:The use of Power Factor Capacitors Banks can eliminate the utility charges for low power factor.

ADDING UP THE BENEFITS

› Saving Energy and Energy Costs. › ROI for Capacitor Investment (RETURN ON INVESTMENT).

› Capacitors Banks improve the power fac-tor of induction loads. Additionally, they reduce current and kVA demanded from the power sources. The payback period will depend on the electricity rate structure and penalties associated with low power factor. ARTECHE can help you determine the ROI of a capacitor bank investment. Contact our offi ces for a ROI analysis based on the electricity rates and usage.

How much will KVA be reduced?

kVAL = kVA1 - kVA2 = kW x __ - __

Where:

SL (kVAL): Released apparent powerS1 (kVA1): Initial apparent powerS2 (kVA2): Final apparent powerP (kW): active powercos φ1 (ƒp1): Initial power factorcos φ2 (ƒp2): Final power factor

In electrical equipment, such as transformers or cables, capacitors banks can release capacity and thus allow a greater payload.

By furnishing the necessary magnetizing current for induction motors and transformers, capacitors banks reduce the current drawn from the power supply. Less current means less loading on transformers and feeder circuits.

2. ADVANTAGES OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION. WHY INSTALL CAPACITOR BANKS?

1ƒp1

1ƒp2

kVArkVAcc

Transformer kVATransformer Impedance kVA


ARTECHE PQ off ers over 20 years’ experience in the design and manufacture of reactive power compensation and harmonic fi ltering systems.


3. smARTbat LV CFB FAMILY Fixed Low Voltage Power

Factor Correction Capacitor Banks


3. smARTbat LV CFB FAMILY > Fixed Low Voltage Power Factor Correction Capacitor Banks

Fixed Capacitor banks are an economical and reliable reactive power compensation system for:

› Uniform loads. › When there is a minimum reactive energy to compensate in low loads periods.

› Large loads (asynchronous motors and transformers). Individual compensation helps reducing the power through the in-stallation.

There are facilities with fi xed energy demand and, therefore, with reactive power requirements also constant.

ARTECHE’s fi xed capacitor banks are very useful when we want to get an improvement of the power factor of a load or a group of loads that have reactive power demand which is basically constant.

Among the wide range of products manufactured by ARTECHE Group, fi xed capacitor banks would be the ideal equipment for power factor correction at the load or in the connection point of the installation provided that the absence of resonance is ensured in the system.

The fi xed capacitor banks can be manufactured in the following variants:

1. Fixed capacitor bank. 2. Fixed capacitor bank with fuses as main

protection.3. Fixed capacitor bank with MCCB as main

protection.

SOLUTIONS FOR FIXED ENERGY DEMAND

› ARTECHE CFB type fi xed capacitor banks.



ADVANTAGES OF ARTECHE’S FIXED CAPACITOR BANKS

› Compact design › Main circuit breaker operable from outside ensuring user safety.

› Wide range of voltage levels from 240 to 1,000 V.

› Capacities from 5-1,200 kVAr. › Operation temperature from -40 to 55°C ambient temperature.

› Minimal maintenance and 100% fi eld replaced. › Long life and low loss due to its capacitor design to 70°C.

› Capacitors with pressure switch and anti-explosion device proof acc. UL and IEC.

› Visual indication of failure of the capacitors. › Individual capacitor discharge resistors that prevent risks to the end user.

› Convection cooling. › Easy installation. › Designed and assembled under standard ISO 9001, ISO 14001.

› Components 100% environment friendly. › Its operation contributes to improved envi-ronmental and reducing greenhouse eff ect gases.

MAIN FEATURES

› Enclosure for wall or fl oor mounting. › Molded case circuit breaker for overcurrent protection.

› Capacitors with individual discharge resis-tance, pressure switch and anti-explosion device, 100% recyclable.

› Convection cooling system.

ENCLOSURE

› IP code: IP 21, IP 31 and IP43. › Zink- passivated metallic enclosure painted with epoxy dust paint colour RAL 7035.

› Completely rigid welded structure. › Base for easy wall or fl oor mounting. › Grids for a proper convection cooling .

PROTECTION DEVICES

Circuit Breaker: › Main circuit breaker with high current breaking capacity.

› Comply with IEC 60947-2; UL 489. › Mechanical safety lever ensuring end user safety to energize or de-energize the capacitor bank from the outside of the enclosure.

› Mechanical pads on the side line (included key for tightening).

› Buses isolated in the loading side. › Easy access from outside.

Fuses: › Fully comply with IEC 60269-1-2; din 43620-1-4.

› Type NV/NH ; curve gL-gG. › Center and top melted indicator. › Current limiting type. › High rupture capacity (120 KA; 500 V). › Three phase fuse bases.



TECHNICAL FEATURES

System Three phase

Frequency 50 Hz / 60 Hz

Rated Voltages 240, 400, 415, 480, 525, 690 V

Range of capacity 5 to 1,200 KVAR

Enclosure IP 21, IP31, IP 43; RAL 7035

Installation Wall-mounted with M8 or M10 screwsFloor-mounted with M8 or M10 screws

Capacitors Self-healing, pure polypropylene fi lmsTª amb 70°CAcc/ IEC and UL standards

Discharge resistor Built in / Below 50 V within no more than 60 s

Overpressure disconnection mechanism Visual

Cable entry Lateral entry

Standards IEC 61439 / IEC61921IEC 60831-1-2UL Nº 810

Maintenance Quick interchangeable kits on site

At the top of the enclosures a printed infor-mation sheet containing details of installation and commissioning is placed.

OPTIONAL TECHNICAL FEATURESIn addition to the standard specifi cations ARTECHE off ers the following optional specifi cations so that fi xed equipment suits the needs of the installation and user:

Frequency 50 Hz / 60 Hz

Rated Voltages Any up 1,000 V

Enclosure IP 55; Any RAL

Main circuit breaker Without / With any brand specifi ed by the end user


4. smARTbat LV CAB FAMILY Automatic Low Voltage Power Factor Correction Capacitor Banks



There are a number of facilities with power variable demand and therefore with reactive power and requirements variable.

When the number and location of the loads that require reactive power within a facility are numerous, the compensation power factor at individual level will raise the cost.

ARTECHE automatic power factor correction capacitor banks solve the above problem.

ARTECHE automatic capacitor banks allow connected as close (electrically) as possible to individual inductive loads in order to recover the highest percentage of branch circuit conductor power losses

PRECISE INCREMENTS OF kVARs ARE SWITCHED ONLINE AS NEEDED

ARTECHE automatic capacitor banks are manufactured according to the following protection types:

› 1st: Main protection (incomer): Switch dis-connector or MCCB.

› 2nd: Step protection: fuses or MCCB. › 3rd: Over temperature protection: provided in all models to avoid excessive heating.

› ARTECHE CAB type automatic capacitor banks.



ADVANTAGES OF ARTECHE’S AUTOMATIC CAPACITOR BANKS

› Compact design. › Faster control power factor algorithm. › Switch cycles balancing, ARTECHE capaci-tor banks are using for the next switching operation from steps with same or similar size always the step with the minimum number of switching cycles.

› Main protection operable from outside ensuring user safety and door interlock.


› Capacities from 5-1200 kVAr. › Operation temperature from -40 to 55°C (ambient temperature).

› Long life and low loss due to its capacitor design to 70°C.



› Forced air cooling. › Easy installation. › Designed and assembled under standard ISO 9001, ISO 14001.


ARTECHE Quick Start System:

ARTECHE’s philosophy is always to be close to the needs of its clients, and with the experience built up along the years. All these eff orts have resulted in the ARTECHE Quick Start System:

› Design based on total removable trays. › 10 minutes for removing completely a tray and change a capacitor.

› Once a tray is removed the capacitor bank can operate properly(*).

› Trays of diff erent reactive power are designed with the same total dimensions, this allows to increase the power on the capacitor bank without change the whole equipment.

› Quick connection terminals.

(*) Check possible resonances

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MAIN FEATURES

› Dedicated small circuit breaker (MCB) for control circuit.

› Short circuited terminals for the secondary of current transformer.

› Voltage terminals fed by transformer volt-age Tª 55°C

› Self-extinguish cable according to IEC 20/22/II and UL 105°C standards.

› MCCB’s for protection each step or Current limiting HRC fuses for each section.

› Self-healing, pure polypropylene fi lms; amb Tª 70°C; Acc/ IEC and UL standards

› Technical information in print and digital format.

ENCLOSURE

› IP code: IP 21, IP 31 and IP43. › Zink- passivated metallic enclosure painted with epoxy dust paint colour RAL 7035.

› Completely rigid welded structure. › Floor mounted self-supported enclosure. › Forced air cooling with grids + fi lter. › Internal frames and trays mad of galvanized steel.

› Eyebolts for easy handling and installation. › Lockable front doors.

PROTECTION DEVICES

Circuit Breaker: › Circuit breaker with high current breaking capacity.

› Adjustable thermal protection. › Comply with IEC 60947; UL 489. › Mechanical safety lever ensuring end user safety to energize or de-energize the capacitor bank from the outside of the enclosure (for main CB).

› Mechanical pads on the side line (included key for tightening).

› Buses isolated in the loading side. › Easy access from outside.

Fuses: › Fully comply with IEC 60269-1-2; din 43620-1-4.

› Type NV/NH ; curve gL-gG. › Center and top melted indicator. › Current limiting type. › High rupture capacity (120 KA; 500 V). › Three phase fuse bases.

Switch Disconnector: › Fully comply with IEC 60947-1 & 3. › Insulation voltage 690 V. › Class of duty AC-22B. › Short time withstand current 50 KA; 1 s.

POWER FACTOR REGULATOR

Generalities: › Microprocessor controlled power factor con-troller with 1-phase measurement system.

› Operates based on a target power factor which can be adjusted by the user.

› Full-automatic c/k-value setting, self adapting connection of diff erent capacitor step sizes possible.

› Automatic detection and usage of the optimum capacitor step.

› Manual mode possible. › Multiple connection types possible through adjustable phase compensation angle.

› Capable for 4-quadrant operation.

› Individually confi gurable discharging time allows quicker switching time.

› 1-phase measurement system also suitable for non sinusodial currents and voltages.

› Graphical LCD for display of step status, measurement values and system data.

› Measurement display for U, I, P, Q, S, THD U, THD I, ΔQ, F, T.

› Harmonics measurement for voltage and current up to the 31. Order, even and odd.

› Counter for active and reactive work. › Flexible alarm system with up to 15 alarms (HARMONIC OVERLOAD, OVERCURRENT…)

2

Active power(imported)

+P Cos 1.00

Cos = 0.90 cap

Cos 0.90

-P6

- Q + Q

5

3

4

Ind.

II

III IV

I

Reactive power(capcitive exported)

Active power(exported)

Reactive power(inductive imported)



› Thermal overload alarm / harmonics, allows protection to the capacitor bank before failure capacitors, because sometimes networks are free of distortion when the capacitor bank is installed, but as new har-monic generating equipments are installed the performance of the capacitor bank could be aff ect.

› Programmable digital input and digital output.

› Programmable alarm relay with volt free c/o contact.

› Supply voltage 115/230 V, 45-65 Hz, other voltages on request.

› Voltage measuring 50 – 530 V, 45 – 65 Hz. › Current measuring 15 mA – 5 A, suitable for CT x/1 A and x/5 A.

› Optional communication interface with ModBus protocol.

› Connection with pluggable screw terminals. › Protection class IP20 (casing), IP50 (front). › UL and CE approval. › Operating temperature from -40°C to 70°C. › 4-key membrane type operation. › Easy sequential operation. › Password protection in the advanced menu. › Supply voltage and measurement voltage are independent.

› Information on the number of switches per step and identifying defective.

› Real time showing of parameters and steps in operation.

Setup Options: › Capacitor discharge time. › Display contrast. › Line voltage limits. › Time on / reconnection of steps. › Fixed or automatic step (fi xed on / fi xed off ). › Choice of two types of power factor. › Changing the polarity of the connection us-ing membrane keys.

› Automatic selection of the steps to get the factor target power with a minimum of ope-rations.

› With steps of equal size, regulator optimizes work cycles contactors, in that way all steps will operate the same number of times.

› Multiple operating program sequences with 1:1:1 steps ..., 1:2:2 ..., 1:2:3 ..., 1:2:4 ..., 1:2:4:8 ... can be detected completely automatically.

CONTACTORS

› Fully comply with IEC 60947-4-4 (AC 6B); IEC 60947-5-1.

› Damping resistors to limit capacitors inrush current.

› Electrical life: 250,000 operations. › Ambient temperature -20°C/55°C › Rated current 1,65 x In. › Insulation voltage 690 V.

COOLING

› Forced air cooling with grids + fi lter. › Thermal protection in all capacitor Banks as standard.

TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

› All enclosures will be delivered with a brief-case where a set of drawings, electrical diagrams and Installation, operation and maintenance manual can be found.



System Three phase

Frequency 50 Hz

Rated Voltages 240, 400, 415, 480, 525, 690 V

Voltage control Supplied by a voltage control transformer

Current signal Must be supplied by external current transformer, secondary 5A (out of scope)

Control circuit Include fast connection terminals which short-circuit the secondary of the CT for a safe maintenance

Range of capacity 12,5 to 1200 KVAR


Installation Floor mounted self-supported enclosure

CapacitorsSelf-healing, pure polypropylene fi lmsTª amb 70°CAcc/ IEC and UL standards

Discharge resistor Built in / Below 50 V within no more than 60 s


Power factor regulatorFull-automatic c/k-value setting4-quadrant operationMeasurement display for U, I, P, Q, S, THD U, THD I, ΔQ, F, T

Main protection MCCB or SWITCH DISCONNECTOR

Step protection FUSES or MCCB

Cable entry Top or bottom entry

Step switching Contactor AC 6b; damping resistors; 250.000 operations

Altitude 3,500 m a.s.l

StandardsIEC 61439 / IEC61921IEC 60831-1-2UL Nº 810

Maintenance ARTECHE Quick Start System (See page 20)

TECHNICAL FEATURES

OPTIONAL TECHNICAL FEATURES

Frequency 60 Hz


Steps Any number


Main circuit breaker Without / With any brand specifi ed by the client

Contactors Any brand specifi ed by the client

Power factor regulator Three phase measurement / ModBus protocol

In addition to the standard specifi cations ARTECHE off ers the following optional specifi cations so that automatic capacitor bank suits the needs of the installation and user:


5. smARTbat LV FAB/FFB FAMILY Fixed or Automatic Low Voltage Detuned Capacitor Banks for Power Factor Correction (134 Hz)


5. smARTbat LV FAB/FFB FAMILY > Fixed or Automatic Low Voltage Detuned Capacitor Banks for Power Factor Correction (134 Hz)

ARTECHE’s detuned capacitor banks are the cheapest way to protect the capacitor from resonance with harmonics present in the system and fi ltering the harmonic components in power systems.

These units have L-C fi lters tuned to 134 Hz, which is equivalent to a harmonic order of hr=2.7 and a reactor factor of p=14%.

HIGH DUTY SOLUTIONS WITH CAPACITOR PROTECTION REACTORS

The main duty of these fi lters is to compensate the reactive energy but they also absorb a percentage of harmonic currents, and therefore they reduce the harmonic voltages.

› smARTbat LV FAB/FFB family.



EFFECTS OF HARMONICS IN POWER SYSTEMS

The increment of nonlinear devices on electrical systems, causes an increase in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

Harmonic components in voltage and current cause distortion in the wave form, causing them to lose their sinusoidal shape.

When the harmonic current components spread through the electric system, they originate undesired eff ects on the components of the system. Among the most common eff ects are:

› Abnormal heating of conductors and elec-trical equipment.

› False or premature operation in protection devices.

› Incorrect readings in measurement equip-ments.

› Improper operation of electronic equipments. › Resonance. › Overload and capacitor failures. › Voltage harmonic distortion.

FFB FAMILY

Fixed Detuned Capacitor Banks are used when the load does not change with time and always requires the same amount of reactive power to achieve a target power factor.

They consist of capacitors, choke reactors and main protection.

FAB FAMILY

Automatic Detuned Capacitor Banks are very useful when there are nonlinear devices whose power demand changes over time, without changes in its spectral content (can vary the magnitude of the harmonic components, but not their order).

ARTECHE detuned capacitor banks consist on groups of three phase confi gurations inductive-capacitive (LC) connected in series. This type of arrangement provides simultaneously correction of power factor and harmonic fi ltering.

Inductive reactors have a very low fundamental frequency, so the circuit LC has a capacitive behavior since this is the predominant element at the fundamental frequency.

The impedance of the LC circuit has a minimum value at the tuning frequency, and above this frequency the behavior is inductive.

The capacitive behavior of the unit at nominal frequency enables the power factor correction of nonlinear devices. › Impedance and reactance vs. frequency of the fi lter

Volts Amps

500

250

-500

-750

-250

0

500

250

-500

-750

-250

0

03:44:19.660

03:44:19.66503:44:19.655

03:44:19.670

03:44:19.675

03:44:19.680

Volts Amps

% of FND175

150

125

100

75

50

25

0H20 H30

Amps

H40 H50H10Thd

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 7000

1

2

3

4

5

6

z [o

hms]

X [

ohm

s]

Z

XLXc

f [Hz]



ARTECHE Quick Start System:

ARTECHE’s philosophy is always be close to the needs of its clients, and with the experience build up along the years, ARTECHE has focused their designs in the need of a quick maintenance service on site, all these eff orts has result in the ARTECHE Quick Start System:

› Design based on total removable trays. › 10 minutes for removing completely a tray and change a capacitor.

› Reactors trays completely removable. › Once a tray is removed the capacitor bank can operate properly.

› Trays of diff erent reactive power with the same total dimensions, this allows increase the power on the capacitor bank without change the whole equipment.

› Quick connection terminals.

ARTECHE detuned capacitor banks for power factor correction are manufactured according to the following protection types:

› 1st: Main protection (incomer): Switch dis-connector or MCCB.

› 2nd: Step protection: fuses or MCCB. › 3rd: Over temperature protection: provided in all models to avoid excessive heating.

› Prevent the propagation of harmonic com-ponents throughout the electrical system.

› Decrease the eff ects of harmonics on the system preventing its premature degrada-tion.

› Prevents premature degradation of other electrical components and improper op-eration of relays and protections, caused by distortion in the current and voltage.

› Avoids resonance problems under low load conditions.

› Decrease in total distortion power because the harmonic components are confi ned in the part of the network where the capaci-tor bank is installed.

› Removal of penalties for low power factor. › Compact design. › Faster control power factor algorithm. › Switch cycles balancing, ARTECHE capaci-tor banks are using for the next switching operation from steps with same or similar size always the step with the minimum number of switching cycles.

ADVANTAGES OF ARTECHE DETUNED CAPACITOR BANKS

› Main protection operable from outside ensuring user safety and door interlock.


› Capacities from 5-1,200 kVAr. › Operation temperature from -40 to 55°C (ambient temperature).

› Long life and low loss due to its capacitor design to 70°C.



› Forced air cooling. › Easy installation. › Designed and assembled under standard ISO 9001, ISO 14001.



Main Features:

› Dedicated mini circuit breaker (MCB) for the control circuit.

› Short circuited terminals for the secondary of current transformer.

› Voltage terminals fed by transformer volt-age T55°C.

› Self-extinguish cable according to IEC 20/22/II and UL 105°C standards.

› MCCB’s for protection each step or Current limiting HRC fuses for each section.

› Self-healing, pure polypropylene fi lms; Tª amb 70°C;Acc/ IEC and UL standards.

› Technical information in print and digital format.

As shown in the following chart most of the components already described in the automatic power factor correction capacitor banks are used in detuned models:


Component Automatic Capacitor Bank Detuned

ENCLOSURE X X

MCCB/SWITCH DISCONNECTOR X X

CONTROL CIRCUIT X X

PF REGULATOR X X

FUSES X X

CONTACTORS X X

CAPACITORS X X

REACTORS X



COMPONENTS

Components exclusive of detuned capacitor banks are emphasized below:

Reactors:

By adding an appropriately rated series reactor to the power capacitor, both elements form a resonant circuit with a resonant frequency below the lowest harmonic order in the system (134 Hz).

These fi lter reactors are combined with ARTECHE premium range of three-phase power factor correction capacitors to be part of the ARTECHE smARTbat LV range.

› Fully comply with IEC 60076-6 ; VDE 0532-76-6.

› Three phase iron core. › Copper or aluminium windings. › Available at any resonance frequency. › Thermal switch included, detecting an abnormal increase of the temperature in any of the reactors, the corresponding sensor sends a signal that triggers the step with heat problems while other steps keep working.

› High linearity. › Silent and moist-inmune operation. › Tolerances of the inductances: up to ±3% of L rated.

› ARTECHE fi ltering reactors.

› Ambient temperature: up to 55°C . › Fundamental current: more tan 6% of fun-damental current permanently.

› Designed to withstand the thermal current of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 7th harmonics over the component the fundamental current.

› Withstand short circuit currents up to 25 times the value of the thermal current design.

› Isolation class H (180°C). › Quality factor Q: Upon specifi cation. › Reactors impregnated under vacuum and over-pressure in impregnation resin acc. to temperature class H.

For applications which need to mitigate or absorb a specifi c harmonic, ARTECHE can off er tuned fi lters in order to reduce its presence in the system. Generally the most common harmonics present in the systems are the 5th and / or 7th harmonic.



Capacitors:

They are specifi cally designed for superior performance combined with ARTECHE fi ltering reactors. They are constructed for power factor correction so as to withstand the eff ects of the harmonics in harmonic fi ltering applications. Harmonics increase the internal heating of the capacitors and can signifi cantly reduce the life of the capacitor (50% further reduction per 10°C). When harmonics are present, the losses in the capacitor increases as the capacitor current increased as a consequence of the over voltage.

Rated voltage (V) Un 480, 525

Maximum rated current (A) 1.8xIn

Temperature category acc. to IEC 60831 -40ºC/60ºC

Ambient temperature Up to 70ºC

Tolerance capacitance ±5%

Internal connection Delta

Filling material Inert gas (N2)/ no PCB

Dissipation losses <0.5 W/kVAr

Dielectric Self healing, pure polypropylene fi lms

Humidity 95%

Altitude <4,000 abv.s.l.

Life expectancy >150,000 h

Permitted overvoltages:

8 h/d 1.1x Un

30 min/d 1.15x Un

5 min 1.2x Un

1 min 1.3x Un

Discharge time Below 50 V within no more than 60 s

Discharge resistor Built in

Overpressure disconnection mechanism Included

IP IP20

Technical features of capacitors for detuned applications:

› Protection against overvoltages and short-circuits: Self-Healing Dielectric.

› Protection against Accidental Contact. › Protection against overload and failure at the end of service life.



Cooling:

› Forced air cooling with grids + fi lter. › Thermal protection in all fi ltering systems as standard.

System Three phase

Frequency 50 Hz

Rated Voltages 240, 400, 415, 480, 525, 690 V

Voltage control Supplied by a voltage control transformer

Current signal Supplied by a current transformer X/ 5 A (out of scope)

Control circuit Short circuited terminals for the secondary of the CT // Fast terminals

Range of capacity 12,5 to 1,200 KVAR


Installation Floor mounted self-supported enclosure

CapacitorsSelf-healing, pure polypropylene fi lmsTª amb 70°CAcc/ IEC and UL standards

Discharge resistor Provided with the capacitor / Below 50 V within no more than 60 s


Reactors Iron core; Cu or Al band; class H (180˚C); f = 134 Hz

Power factor regulator Full-automatic c/k-value setting // 4-quadrant operation // Measurement display for U, I, P, Q, S, THD U, THD I, ΔQ, F, T

Main protection MCCB or SWITCH DISCONNECTOR

Step protection FUSES or MCCB

Cable entry Top or bottom entry

Step switching Contactor AC 6b; damping resistors; 250.000 operations

Altitude 3,500 m a.s.l

Standards IEC 61439 / IEC61921 // IEC 60831-1-2 // UL Nº 810

Maintenance ARTECHE Quick Start System (See page 27)

OPTIONAL TECHNICAL FEATURES

Frequency 60 Hz


Steps Any number


Main circuit breaker Without / With any brand specifi ed by the client

Contactors Any brand specifi ed by the client

Power factor regulator Three phase measurement / ModBus protocol

In addition to the standard specifi cations ARTECHE off ers the following optional specifi cations so that automatic capacitor

Technical Documentation:

› All enclosures will be delivered with a brief-case where a set of drawings, electrical diagrams and Installation, Operation and maintenance manual can be found.

Technical Features:

bank suits the needs of the installation and user:

www.arteche.com ©ARTECHE

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