Artificial Artificial IntelligenceIntelligence

bybyAamir Saleem AnsariAamir Saleem Ansari

www.techora.net

THE HUMAN BRAIN THE HUMAN BRAIN TEST…TEST…

Something Rotating or NOT?Something Rotating or NOT?

Moving or NotMoving or Not

Want to confuse your eyes with Want to confuse your eyes with brainbrain

PARALLEL OR NOT?PARALLEL OR NOT?

Concentrate On The Cross In The Concentrate On The Cross In The MiddleMiddle

Just Focus on 4 dots.Just Focus on 4 dots.

What is AI?What is AI? Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence can be thought can be thought

of as constructing computer models of of as constructing computer models of human intelligencehuman intelligenceRecognising a face.Recognising a face.Navigating a busy street.Navigating a busy street.Understanding what someone Understanding what someone says.says.

All tasks require reasoning on All tasks require reasoning on knowledge.knowledge.

Who does AI?Who does AI? Many disciplines contribute Many disciplines contribute

to create intelligent entities:to create intelligent entities: Computer ScienceComputer Science Psychology (human reasoning)Psychology (human reasoning) Philosophy (nature of belief Philosophy (nature of belief

etc)etc) Languages (Lisp & Prolog)Languages (Lisp & Prolog) Human Biology (how brain Human Biology (how brain

works)works)

Typical AI ProblemsTypical AI Problems Everyday tasks - consider going Everyday tasks - consider going

shopping:shopping: Planning a route!Planning a route! Recognising buses, people.Recognising buses, people. Communicating through natural Communicating through natural

language.language. Navigating obstacles on the street.Navigating obstacles on the street.

Expert tasks are things like:Expert tasks are things like: Medical Diagnosis.Medical Diagnosis. Equipment repair.Equipment repair.

Could AI Stop Could AI Stop This?This?

Can We Build Artificial Can We Build Artificial People?People?

•Historical attempts

•Roots of Modern Technology

•The modern quest for robots

•Us vs. Them

Historical Attempts - Historical Attempts - FrankensteinFrankenstein

The original story, published by Mary Shelley, in 1818, describes the attempt of a true scientist, Victor Frankenstein, to create life.

Historical Attempts - Historical Attempts - EuphoniaEuphonia

Joseph Faber's Amazing Talking Machine (1830-40's).

Historical Attempts - Historical Attempts - RURRUR

"CHEAP LABOR. ROSSUM'S ROBOTS." "ROBOTS FOR THE TROPICS.  150 DOLLARS EACH.""EVERYONE SHOULD BUY HIS OWN ROBOT." "DO YOU WANT TO CHEAPEN YOUR OUTPUT?  ORDER ROSSUM'S ROBOTS" 

In 1921, Karel produced the play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots).

Robota actually means "forced workers" or "slaves."

The Roots of Modern The Roots of Modern TechnologyTechnology

Beads on Rods to count and Beads on Rods to count and calculatecalculate

Still widely used in Asia!Still widely used in Asia!

Slide Rule Slide Rule 16301630

used until used until 1970s1970s

In 1642 Pascal built an Adding Machine

First stored First stored program - metal program - metal cardscards

First computer First computer manufacturingmanufacturing

Still in use today!Still in use today!

Analytical Analytical Engine 1833Engine 1833 could store could store

numbersnumbers powered by powered by

steam!steam!

UNIVAC – 1951UNIVAC – 1951UNIVersal Automatic UNIVersal Automatic

Computer Computer first fully electronic first fully electronic

digitaldigital computer built computer built in the U.S. in the U.S.

Created at the Created at the University of University of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

ENIAC weighed 30 tons ENIAC weighed 30 tons contained 18,000 contained 18,000

vacuum tubes vacuum tubes Cost a paltry $487,000Cost a paltry $487,000

Grace Hopper (1906-Grace Hopper (1906-1992) 1992)

Programmed Programmed UNIVACUNIVAC

First Generation First Generation - 1940 - 1940 – 1950– 1950

Vacuum Tubes Vacuum Tubes Expensive, bulky, unreliable and more power used to Expensive, bulky, unreliable and more power used to

run these computersrun these computers Used punched card / tapes, magnetic drum memories.Used punched card / tapes, magnetic drum memories. Machine Language usedMachine Language used

Second Generation Second Generation - - 1950 – 19601950 – 1960 Transistor Transistor

Smaller, faster & Smaller, faster & cheaper and more cheaper and more reliable and reliable and energy-efficient energy-efficient than vacuum than vacuum tubes tubes

Assembly, Fortran Assembly, Fortran & COBOL used& COBOL used

Third Generation Third Generation - - 1960 – 19701960 – 1970

Integrated Circuits Integrated Circuits

Speed and efficiency increasedSpeed and efficiency increased Keyboard and monitor usedKeyboard and monitor used Operating System run the computersOperating System run the computers

Integrated CircuitsIntegrated Circuits

Fourth Generation Fourth Generation - 1970 – - 1970 – PresentPresent

MicroprocessorMicroprocessor Graphics and mouseGraphics and mouse Hand held devicesHand held devices Embedded computingEmbedded computing PCs at homePCs at home Apple II released 1977Apple II released 1977

widely used in schoolswidely used in schools

Fifth Generation-Fifth Generation-Present & Present & BeyondBeyond

Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence Voice Input / OutputVoice Input / Output Natural Language Input / Natural Language Input /

OutputOutput Parallel ComputingParallel Computing

Grid ComputingGrid Computing Nano TechnologyNano Technology Quantum ComputingQuantum Computing DNA ComputingDNA Computing

Looking into the FutureLooking into the Future

How Will We Recognize How Will We Recognize AI?AI?

1990 Loebner Prize established. Grand Prize of $100,000 and a Gold Medal for the first computer whose responses just like a human.

Were Newell and Simon Were Newell and Simon Right?Right?

•1957 Newell and Simon predicted that a computer will beat a human at chess.

Chess TodayChess Today

In 1997, Deep Blue beat Gary Kasparov.

Robotics - TortoiseRobotics - Tortoise1950 W. Grey Walter’s light seeking tortoises. In this picture, there are two, each with a light source and a light sensor. Thus they appear to “dance” around each other.

Robotics – Hopkins Robotics – Hopkins BeastBeast

1964 Its goal was to find power outlets.

Robotics - ShakeyRobotics - Shakey

1970 Shakey (SRI) remote-controlled computer, which formulated plans for moving and acting.

Robotics – Stanford Robotics – Stanford CartCart

1971-9 Stanford cart. Remote controlled by person or computer.

1971 follow the white line

1975 drive in a straight line by tracking skyline

1979 get through obstacle courses.

Planning vs. ReactingPlanning vs. Reacting1979 – in “Fast, Cheap and Out of Control”

The Ant, has 17 sensors. They are designed to work in colonies.

Robotics - DanteRobotics - DanteIn 1993, eight volcanologists were killed in two separate events while sampling and monitoring volcanoes.

1994 Dante explored the High-temperature, gas by volcano.

Robotics – Mars RoverRobotics – Mars Rover

Sand Storm Robot Car Sand Storm Robot Car RaceRace

In 2004 - An Unmanned offroad race, 142 miles from Barstow to Las Vegas.

Soccer Match by Robot Soccer Match by Robot DogsDogs

1997 – First official Cup soccer match

Picture from 2003 competition

Human like RobotHuman like Robot

Humanoid intelligence

The Differences The Differences Between Between

Us and ThemUs and Them•Emotions

•Understanding

•Consciousness

Robot EmotionsRobot Emotions

SAD SURPRISE

UnderstandingUnderstanding

ConsciousnessConsciousnessPerception

Educational ImpactEducational Impact Machines in the classroom Machines in the classroom

would be teacherswould be teachers Machines may motivate or Machines may motivate or

inspire studentsinspire students

Medical ImpactMedical Impact Doctors and nurses uses AI for TreatmentDoctors and nurses uses AI for Treatment

Silicon chips to replace damaged nerve cellsSilicon chips to replace damaged nerve cells

You can operate human on moon from the You can operate human on moon from the earthearth

Military ImpactMilitary Impact Laser and particle beam weaponsLaser and particle beam weapons Smart weaponsSmart weapons Planes without pilotsPlanes without pilots

Human Vs ComputerHuman Vs Computer Computational tasksComputational tasks

Computers are better than humansComputers are better than humans

Recognition tasksRecognition tasksHumans are better than computersHumans are better than computers

Reasoning tasksReasoning tasksRequire a large amount of Require a large amount of knowledgeknowledge

Humans are far better than Humans are far better than computerscomputers

Islam & AIIslam & AIIn Islam, God created man In Islam, God created man in his in his

own imageown imageSo:So:

How can man create How can man create artificial life if God is the artificial life if God is the creator of life?creator of life?

THANKS….THANKS….Q & A If Any…Q & A If Any…

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