Back MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 52, No. 3 (Mar., 1941), pp. v-viiiPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/17249 .

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THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY v

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vi THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

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THlE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

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viii THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

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UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

The official repository of all national collections in natural history, anthropology, engineering and industries, and American history is the United States National Museum, administered by the Smithsonian Institution. The act establishing the Institution pro- vided for a museum, and from the early scientific work supported by its private funds, valuable collections in all fields began to accumulate. These were greatly augmented by the numerous exploring expeditions of the middle of the nineteenth century, all of which were encouraged by the Smithsonian to collect natural history material in the new and unknown West.

By 1879 the rapidly increasing collections overwhelmed the Smithsonian Building, and Congress provided funds for a Museum structure which was completed in 18 81. This sufficed until the beginning of the twentieth century, when another building became im- perative. In 1909 the Natural History Building was completed, the older building there- after being devoted to engineering and industries and American history.

The main functions of the National Museum are repository, research, and exhibition. The two former receive more emphasis here than perhaps at any other museum, for the reason that the great national collections in biology, geology, and anthropology constitute in effect a "bureau of standards" for those sciences, containing as they do many thousands of "type" specimens. It becomes a large part of the duty of the more than 80 scientists on the staff to study and name new species and publish necessary revisions of known forms. The exhibition specimens, although constituting a liberal education for the 2,000,000 visitors coming each year, are numbered only in thousands, whereas the study collections must be counted in millions. These study collections are utilized by scientists from all parts of the United States and many foreign countries.

The National Museutm now contains an estimated 16,000,000 specimens, valued at more than $1F0,000,000. Many of them, valued at perhaps one-third of the wlhole, are owned by the Smitlhsonian private endowments. The collections run through the entire gamut of the products of man's handiwork and inventiveness from delicate band-made laces to locomotives, and of the life forms liere on eartli from microscopic diatoms to dinosaurs.

The Museum is administered by the Smithsonian Institution, its Secretary being, ex officio, its Keeper, but is now supported mainly by Congressional appropriation. It is immediately directed by Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and is administered through four departments-anthropology, biology, geol- ogy, and engineering and industries-and one independent division, that of history. Under anthropology come the divisions of ethnology, archeology, and physical anthropology; under biology, those of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fishes, insects, marine invertebrates, mollusks, echinoderms, and plants; under geology, those of physical and chemical geology, mineralogy and petrology, stratigraphic paleontology, and vertebrate paleontology; and under engineering and industries, those of engineering, crafts and indus- tries, medicine and public health, and graphic arts.

Through its researches, its publications, and its exhibits, the National Museum has played a large part in enabling the Smithsonian Institution to carry out its purpose, "the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

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PSYCH IATRY and the

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NEW TEXTS FOR COLLEGE SCIENCE COURSES

Woodruff's FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGY, Sixth Edition. This new edition of one of the most widely used texts for courses in general biology and zoology has been revised and still further improved in the light of teaching experience. To be ready in March. $3.75 (probable). Baitsell 's Manual of Biology to accompany this text is also being revised and will be ready this spring.

Mavor's GENERAL BIOLOGY, Second Edition. Additional material on botany and human biology, many new illustrations, and a careful revision throughout increases the value of this text-already one of the four leading textbooks in biology. To be ready in April. $4.00 (probable). The accompanying Manual by Mavor and Clark, also being revised, will be ready at the same time.

Black's INTRODUCTORY COURSE IN COL- LEGE PHYSICS, Second Edition. One of the most successful beginning physics texts ever published is now being revised to incorporate sug- gestions from teachers who have used it and bring all material up to date. A great many new illustrations, sonqe in full color are included. Ready in April. $3.75 (probable).

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Huettner's COMPARATIVE EMBRYOLOGY OF VERTEBRATES. The author of this new text, Dr. Alfred F. Huettner, is famous for his plasticene models of embryos. Most of the illustrations are original drawings, many from these models. They coordinate closely with the excellent text material. To be ready in April. $4.50 (probable).

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