Back MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 81, No. 1 (Jul., 1955), pp. 49-viiiPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/21636 .

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industrious and thrifty, agreeable in his social relation- ships, peaceful, cooperative, generous, honest, and modest. Mental equanimity appears to be the most desirable personal trait, a quality that is admired as a means to individual health as well as to social and cos- mic harmony. Differences in attitude between Hopi and white Americans on such subjects as personal aggres- sion, sexual relationships, and cruelty to animals are indicated.

Of greatest interest to students of ethnological theory is Brandt's treatment of psychological theory and his explanation of Hopi ethical norms. He is critical of "historical-diffusion analysis" as well as of "functional analysis," and he regards both as inadequate for ex- planatory purposes. Instead, he proposes his own "psy- chological contemporary context theory" and two psy- chological principles or laws, namely, "the theorem of utility" and the "theorem of reward." Upon closer analysis, it appears that the theorem of utility simply states that acts regarded as, or believed to be, harmful are disapproved and those regarded as beneficial are

approved-a principle of naturalistic ethics at least as old as Aristotle. The theorem of reward states that par- ticular ethical attitudes are developed in a given society if their expression is socially rewarding-a thesis that hardly goes beyond Sumner's Folkways. The alleged ex- planatory and predictive value of these principles is far from evident.

The author has not taken into consideration the arguments of ethnological theorists such as Kroeber and Lowie, who long ago indicated the futility of gen- eral psychological principles as an explanation of par- ticular ethnological facts. Brandt reintroduces the his- torical-cultural factor under the category of acquired beliefs and attitudes "in the contemporary context." The role of acculturation in affecting beliefs and at- titudes is scarcely considered and is subsumed under "cultural change." The book is informative and inter- esting, but makes no significant contribution to ethno- logical theory in general or ethical theory in particular.

DAVID BIDNEY

Debartment of Anthrob,ologv. Indiana University

r3

Books Reviewed in SCIENCE 6 May

Advances in Enzymology and Related Subjects of Bio- chemistry, vol. 15, F. F. Nord, Ed. (Interscience). Reviewed by H. B. Bensusan.

Limit Distributions for Sums of Independent Random Variables, B. V. Gnedenko and A. N. Kolmogorov (Addison-Wesley). Reviewed by C. M. Zieman.

The Use of Stereographic Projection in Structural Geol- ogy, F. C. Phillips (Arnold). Reviewed by J. M. Carr.

Tropical Soils, E. C. J. Mohr and F. A. Van Baren (Uitgeverij, Van Hoeve; Interscience). Reviewed by C. W. Thornthwaite.

The Sun, the Sea and Tomorrow, F. G. Walton Smith and Henry Chapin (Scribner's). Reviewed by J. W. Hedgpeth.

Abhandlungen aus der Sowjetischen Physik, folge III, Robert Rompe, Ed. (Kultur und Fortschritt). Re- viewed by W. C. Dunlap, Jr.

Modern Aspects of pH, James Small (Van Nostrand). Reviewed by R. G. Bates.

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lFaune de France. vol. 58, Mollusques Opisthobranches, A. Pruvot-Fol (Lechevalier). Reviewed by W. J. Clench.

Grignard Reactions of Nonmetallic Substances, M. S. Kharasch and Otto Reinmuth (Prentice-Hall). Re- viewed by R. G. Bossert.

Liver In jury, F. W. Hoffbauer, Ed. (Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation). Reviewed by I. N. Dubin.

Oral Pathology, Kurt H. Thoma (Mosby). Reviewed by H. B. G. Robinson.

The Foundation of Statistics, Leonard J. Savage (Wiley; Chapman & Hall). Reviewed by S. Weiss.

Colorimetric Methods of Analysis, vol. IV, Foster Dee Snell and Cornelia T. Snell (Van Nostrand; Mac- millan). Reviewed by E. Allen.

Wasserbestimmung mit Karl-Fischer-Losung, Ernst Ebe- rius (Verlag Chemie).

20 May Antibodies and Embryos, F. W. Rogers Brambell, W. A.

Hemmings, and M. Henderson (Athlone Press; de Graff). Reviewed by J. D. Boyd.

The Physics of Viruses, Ernest C. Pollard (Academic Press). Reviewed by G. S. Stent.

Heat Conduction, Leonard R. Ingersoll, Otto J. Zobel, and Alfred C. Ingersoll (Univ. of Wisconsin Press). Reviewed by R. L. Pigford.

Manufacture and Application of Lubricating Greases, C. J. Boner (Reinhold). Reviewed by H. R. Baker.

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Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, vol. 4, A. V. Butler and J. T. Randall, Eds. (Academic Press; Pergamon Press). Reviewed by H. B. Bensusan.

Chemistry of Lichen Substances, Yasuhiko Asahina and Shoji Shibata (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; order from Maruzen, Tokyo). Reviewed by L. E. Harris.

Introduction to Theoretical Mechanics, Robert A. Becker (McGraw-Hill). Reviewed by N. H. Frank.

The Application of Results of Research, Vera Connell, Ed. (Academic Press; Butterworths). Reviewed by G. B. Johnson.

Psychological Testing, Anne Anastasi (Macmillan). Re- viewed by J. W. Gustad.

Renal Function, Stanley E. Bradley, Ed. (Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation). Reviewed by A. M. Fishberg.

Diagnostic Cytologique du Cancer Ge'nital chez la Femme, Raymond Bourg, Claude Gompel, and Jean- Paul Pundel (Masson). Reviewed by C. Hoch-Ligeti.

Isotopic Gas Analysis for Biochemists, R. F. Glascock Academic Press). Reviewed by B. M. Tolbert.

Transactions of the Symposium on Fluid Mechanics and Computing, Garrett Birkhoff, K. 0. Friedrichs, and T. E. Sterne, Eds. (Interscience). Reviewed by J. Rothstein.

July 1955 49

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Science and the Human Imagination. Aspects of the history and logic of physical science. Mary B. Hesse. Philosophical Library, New York, 1955. 171 pp. $3.75.

Mathematics for the Chemist. Mathematical analysis for chemists, physicists, and chemical engineers. G. J. Kynch. Academic Press, New York; Butterworths, London, 1955. 356 pp. $4.80.

Elements of Servomechanism Theory. George J. Thaler. McGraw-Hill, New York-London, 1955. 282 pp. $7.50.

Methods of Biochemical Analysis. vol. II. David Glick, Ed. Interscience, New York-London, 1955. 470 pp. $9.50.

The Prevalence of People. Marston Bates. Scribner's, New York, 1955. 283 pp. $3.95.

Analytical Cytology: Methods for Studying Cellular Form and Function. Robert C. Mellors, Ed. Blakis- ton Div., McGraw-Hill, New York-London, 1955. 511 pp. $15.

Art Introduction to Cell and Tissue Culture. The Staff. Burgess, Minneapolis, 1955. 123 pp. Paper, $4.

A Histology of the Body Tissues with a Consideration of Their Functions. Margaret Gillison. Livingstone, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1950. 220 pp. 15s.

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Floods. William G. Hoyt and Walter B. Langbein. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, 1955. 469 pp. $7.50.

Foundations of Quantum Theory. A study in continu- ity and symmetry. Alfred Lande. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, 1955. 106 pp. $4.

Fundamentals of Radiobiology. Z. M. Bacq and Peter Alexander. Academic Press, New York; Butterworths, London, 1955. 389 pp. $6.50.

Ion Exchange and Adsorption Agents in Medicine. The concept of intestinal bionomics. Gustav J. Mar- tin. Little, Brown, Boston-Toronto, 1955. 333 pp. $7.50.

Plane Trigonometry. C. R. Wylie. McGraw-Hill, New York-London, 1955. 381 pp. $4.

Biochemistry and Physiology of Protozoa. vol. II. S. H. Hunter and Andre Lwoff, Eds. Academic Press, New York, 1955. 388 pp. $9.

Dairy Cattle: Selection, Feeding, and Management. William Wodin Yapp and William Barbour Nevens. Wiley, New York and Chapman & Hall, London, ed. 4, 1955. 420 pp. $4.76.

The American School in Transition. William E. Drake. Prentice-Hall, New York, 1955. 624 pp.

Rutin and Related Flavonoids. John Q. Griffith, Charles F. Krewson, and Joseph Naghski. Mack, Easton, Pa., 1955. 275 pp.

The Zoological Record. Records of the zoological liter- ature relating chiefly to the year 1952. vol. 89. G. Burder Stratton, Ed. Zoological Society, London, 1955. 19 sections.

Soviet Civilization. Corliss Lamont. Philosophical Li- brary, New York, ed. 2, 1955. 447 pp. $5.

Seinimicro Qualitative Analysis. Frank J. Welcher and Richard B. Hahn. Van Nostran'd, New York-Lon- don, 1955. 497 pp. College, $6.50; reference, $8.

Apes, Angels, and Victorians. The story of Darwin, Huxley, and evolution. William Irvine. McGraw- Hill, New York-London, 1955. 399 pp. $5.

The Colloid Chemistry of Silica and Silicates. Ralph K. Iler. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, N. Y., 1955. 324 pp. $5.50.

The Non-Human Primates and Human Evolution. James A. Cavan, Ed. Wayne Univ. Press, Detroit, 1955. 134 pp. $3.50.

Paracas Fabrics and Nazca Needlework, 3rd Century B. C.-3rd Century A. D. The Textile Museum Cata- logue Raisonne. Junius Bird and Louisa Bellinger. National Pub., Washington, D. C., 1954. 126 pp.

Molecular Vibrations. The theory of infrared and raman vibrational spectra. E. Bright Wilson, Jr., J. C. Decius, and Paul C. Cross. McGraw-Hill, New York- London, 1955. 388 pp. $8.50.

Radiobiology Symposium, 1954. Proceedings of the symposium held at Liege, Aug.-Sept. 1954. Z. M. Bacq and Peter Alexander, Eds. Academic Press, New York; Butterworths, London, 1955. 362 pp. $9.80.

Science and Its Backgrouend. H. D. Anthony. Macmil- lan, London and St. Martin's Press, New York, ed. 2,. 1954. 336 pp. $4.

Descriptive College Physics. Harvey E. White. Van Nostrand, New York; Macmillan, London, 1955. 485 pp. $5.75.

The Rocket Pioneers on the Road to Space. Beryl Wil-- liams and Samuel Epstein. Messner, New York, 1955. 241 pp. $3.75.

Psychology in Industry. A psychological approach to in- dustrial problems. Norman R. F. Maier. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, ed. 2, 1955. 678 pp. $5.50.

Automobile Workers and the American Dream. Ely Chinoy. Doubleday, Garden City, N. Y., 1955. 139 pp. $3.

The Piltdown Forgery. J. S. Weiner. Oxford Univ.. Press, New York-London, 1955. 214 pp. $3.50.

Electrolyte Solutions: The measurement and interpreta- tion of conductance, chemical potential and diffusion in solutions of simple electrolytes. R. A. Robinson and R. H. Stokes. Academic Press, New York; Butterworths, London, 1955. 512 pp. $9.50.

Poliomyelitis. World Health Organization, Palais des Na- tions, Geneva, 1955. 408 pp. Cloth, $8.

College Algebra. Paul R. Rider. Macmillan, New York, rev. ed., 1955. 397 pp. $4.

Ciba Foundation Symposium on Chemistry and Biol. ogy of Pteridines. G. E. W. Wolstenholme and Mar- garet P. Cameron, Eds. Little, Brown, Boston, 1954. 425 pp. $8.

Nomography and Empirical Equtations. Dale S. Davis. Reinhold, New York 22, 1955. 236 pp. $6.75.

Numerical Methods. Andrew D. Booth. Academic Press, New York; Butterworths, London, 1955. 195 pp. $6.

Men, Microscopes, and Living Things. Katherine B. Shippen. Viking Press, New York, 1955. 192 pp. $3.

General Chemistry. L. E. Steiner and J. A. Campbell. Macmillan, New York, 1955. 673 pp. $6.50.

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(Continued from page 50)

A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Devi- ates. Rand Corp. Free Press, Glencoe, Ill., 1955. 200 pp. $10.

Biochemistry of the Aminosugars. P. W. Kent and H. W. Whitehouse. Academic Press, New York; Butter- worths, London, 1955. 309 pp. $6.80.

Clinical Disorders of Hydration and Acid-Base Equili- brium. Louis G. Welt. Little, Brown, Boston, 1955. 262 pp. $6.

Make Your Own Stereo Pictures. Julius B. Kaiser. Mac- millan, New York, 1955. 344 pp. $5.95.

En/ermedades Infecciosa y Parasitarias. vols. I and II. Jose Ink. Lopez & Etchegoyen, Buenos Aires, 1953. vol. I, 883 pp.; vol. II, 598 pp.

Schaltungstheorie und Messtechnik des Dezimeter- und Zentimeterwellengebietes. Albert Weissfloch. Birkhauser, Basel, Switzerland, 1954. 308 pp. F. 33.50.

Thkeories relatiristes de la gravitation et de l'electro- magnetisme: Relativite generale et theories unitaires. A. Lichnerowicz. Masson, Paris, 1955. 298 pp. F. 2.800.

Principles of Emulsion Technology. Pilot Books, No. 5. Paul Becher. Reinhold, New York 22; Chapman & Hall, London, 1955. 149 pp. $2.95.

The Great Reconnaissance. Soldiers, artists and scien- tists on the frontier 1848-1861. Edward S. Wallace. Little, Brown, Boston, 1955. 288 pp. $5.

Trigos Espanoles. Manuel Gadea. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agronomicas, Madrid, 1954. 450 pp.

The Tubercle Bacillus in the Pulmonary Lesion of Man. Histobacteriology and its bearing on the therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. Georges Canetti. Springer, New York, 1955. 226 pp. $8.50.

Geography of the Northlands. George H. T. Kimble and Dorothy Good, Eds. Wiley, New York; Chapman & Hall, London, 1955. 534 pp. $10.50.

The Psychology of Thought and Judgment. Donald M. Johnson. Harper, New York, 1955. 515 pp. $6.

Science and Freedom, a Symposium. Proceedings of a conference convened by the Congress for Cultural Freedom and held in Hamburg on 23-26 July 1953. Beacon Press, Boston, 1955. 295 pp. $4.50.

Cold Injury. Transactions of the third conference 22-25 Feb. 1954. M. Irene Ferrer, Ed. Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York, 1955. 226 pp. $4.50.

The Old Die Rich and Other Science Fiction Stories. With working notes and an analysis of each story. H. L. Gold. Crown, New York, 1955. 250 pp. $3.

Transform Calculus with an Introductiorn to Complex Variables. E. J. Scott. Harper, New York, 1955. 330 pp. $7.50.

Solubilization and Related Phenomena. Mary E. L. McBain and Eric Hutchinson. Academic Press, New York, 1955. 259 pp. $7.

Pomp and Pestilence, Infectious Disease, Its Origin and Conquest. Ronald Hare. Philosophical Library, New York, 1955. 224 pp. $5.75.

Integers and Theory of Numbers. Scripta Mathematica Studies, No. 5. Abraham A. Fraenkel. Yeshiva Univ., New York, 1955. 102 pp.

The Life of Bacteria, Their Growth, Metabolism, and Relationships. Kenneth V. Thimann, Macmillan, New York, 1955. 775 pp. $13.50.

Traite de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systematique, Bio- logie. vol XII, Verte5bre's. Pierre P. Grasse, Ed. Masson, Paris, 1954. 1145 pp. F. 10,550.

Making the Most of Marriage. Paul H. Landis. Apple- ton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1955. 542 pp. $5.50.

An Outline of Atomic Physics. Oswald H. Blackwood, Thomas H. Osgood, and Arthur E. Ruark. Wiley, New York; Chapman & Hall, London, ed. 3, 1955. 501 pp. $7.50.

Two Worlds are Ours. The origin and destiny of life and spirit. Harriet C. Payne. Exposition Press, New York, 1955. 143 pp. $3.

Gestation. Transactions of the first conference, 9-11 Mar. 1954. Louis B. Flexner, Ed. Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, New York, 1955. 238 pp. $5.

Two Years in the Antarctic. E. W. Kevin Walton. Philosophical Library, New York, 1955. 194 pp. $4.75.

Experimental Cookery from the Chemical and Physical Standpoint. Belle Lowe. Wiley, New York; Chapman & Hall, London, ed. 4, 1955. 573 pp. $7.50.

Animal Life in Deserts. A study of the fauna in relation to the environment. P. A. Buxton. St Martin's Press, New York, ed. 2, 1955. 176 pp. $4.25.

Psychology in Living. Wendell White. Macmillan, New York, ed. 3, 1955. 317 pp. $4.50.

The Care of Your Skin. Herbert Lawrence. Little, Brown, Boston, 1955. 95 pp. $2.50.

Biological Specificity and Growth. Elmer G. Butler, Ed. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N.J., 1955. 233 pp. $5.

Speech: Code, Meaning, and Communication. John W. Black and Wilbur E. Moore. McGraw-Hill, New York- London, 1955. 430 pp. $4.50.

Elementary Qualitative Analysis on the Small Scale. Peter Woodward. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1955. 92 pp. $2.

Introduction to Theoretical Organic Chemistry. P. H. Hermans. Elsevier, New York-London, rev. ed., 1954. 507 pp. $9.75.

Man in a Cold Environment. Physiological and patho- logical effects of exposure to low temperatures. Alan C. Burton and Otto G. Edholm. Arnold, London; Wil- liams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1955. 273 pp. $6.75.

Marine Shells of the Western Coast of Florida. With revisions and additions to Louise M. Perry's Marine Shells of the Southwest Coast of Florida. Louise M. Perry and Jeanne S. Schwengel. Paleontological Res. Institution, Ithaca, N.Y., 1955. 318 pp. Paper, $6; cloth, $7.

Mammals. A guide to familiar American species. Herbert S. Zim and Donald F. Hoffmeister. Simon and Schuster, New York, 1955. 160 pp. Paper, $1; cloth, $1.95.

Blutkrankheiten: Methodik, Klinik und Therapie. Hanns Fleischhacker. Wilhelm Maudrich, Wien-Bonn, 1955. 247 pp. $7.50.

Zoology. A. M. Winchester and Harvey B. Lovell. Van Nostrand, New York-London, ed. 2, 1955. 582 pp. $6.25.

Thoughts about Life. Felix Friedberg. Philosophical Library, New York, 1954. 40 pp. $2.50.

Elementary Theory of Nuclear Shell Structure. Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen. Wiley, New York; Chapman & Hall, London, 1955. 269 pp. $7.75.

Airborne Contagion and Air Hygiene. An ecological study of droplet infections. William Firth Wells. Har- vard Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1955. 423 pp. $6.

Plane Algebraic Curves. E. J. F. Primrose. Macmillan, London; St Martin's Press, New York, 1955. 111 pp. $3.

Advances in Geophysics. vol. 2. H. E. Landsberg, Ed. Academic Press, New York, 1955. 286 pp. $7.50.

Management of Addictions. Edward Podolsky, Ed. Philosophical Library, New York, 1955. 413 pp. $7.50.

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ANT IMETABOLITES AND CANCER-. Edited by: Cornelius P. Rhoads, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research,

Cornell University Medical College A Symposium Volume of the American Association

for the Advancement of Science 6 x 9 inches, 318 pages, 54 illustrations, clothbound, 1955

Price $5.75 AAAS Members' prepaid order price $5.00 Experiments with antagonists of polic acid and observations on the mechanism of

action of the sulfonamides led the way to an understanding of the significance of anti- metabolite action in the control of cancer. Subsequent work has suggested that the prin- ciples involved may be found in the future to have an even more important bearing on the cancer problem than is now believed to be the case. The antimetabolite principle may also turn out to be an important implement for definition of the biochemical changes inherent in the neoplastic process, knowledge of value in establishing effective thera- peutic measures.

This pioneering volume reports experimental work on plants, microorganisms, ani- mals and man with telling development of basic underlying principles.

(Table of Contents) Metabolic Fuels of the Cancer Cell Obliteration of Spontaneous Cancers through S. WEINHOUSE, The Lankenau Hospital Research In- Discovery and Application of Some Funda- stitute, and The Institute for Cancer Research mentals about Antimetabolites

D. W. WOOLLEY, The Rockefeller Institute for Medi- Competitive Inhibition of Microbial Growth by cal Research

Normal Metabolites Antimetabolite Studies in Tetrahymena and B. D. DAVIS, New York University College of Medi- Tumors cine

ROBERT E. PARKS, JR., University of Wisconsin Antimetabolites in Study of Biochemistry of Some Aspects of the Metabolism of 8-Azagua-

Purines and Pyrimidines nine E. M. LANSFORD, JR., and W. SHIVE, The University H. GEORGE MANDEL, The George Washington Univer- of Texas and The Clayton Foundation for Research sity School of Medicine

Antimetabolites of Nucleic Acid Precursors Mechanism of Drug Resistance to Metabolite D. W. VISSER, University of Southern California Antagonists in Neoplastic Cells School of Medicine HOWARD E. SKIPPER, Southern Research Institute

Metabolic Requirements for Formation of Citro- Studies on Analogs of Purines and Pyrimidines vorum Factor and Studies of Mec ism of GEORGE H. HITCHINGS, The Wellcome Research Lab- vorum Factor and Studies Of MRechnaism Of oratories

Resistance to A-Methopterin C. A. NICHOL and A. D. WELCH, Yale University Tumor-Destroying Effects of Viruses School of Medicine DAVID R. GINDER, Emory University School of Medi-

cine The Seeing Eye in Science Antimetabolite Principle as Applied to H-or C. P. RHOADS, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer mone-Induced Tissue Growth and to Research, Cornell University Medical College Hormonal Control of Neoplasms Mammalian Fetal Development and Antimetab- Roy HERTZ, National Cancer Institute

olites Antimetabolite Treatment of Leukemia MAJORIE M. NELSON, University of California at JOSEPH H. BURCHENAL, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Berkeley Cancer Research and Memorial Center for Cancer

Effects of Antigrowth Substances in Normal and and Allied Diseases Atypical Plant Growth Metabolic Basis for Optimism Regarding

Louis G. NICKELL, Chas. Pfizer & Co., Chemotherapy with Nucleic Acid Deriva- tives

Antimetabolite Studies on Bone Marrow in Vitro GEORGE BOSWORTH BROWN, Sloan-Kettering Institute JOHN R. TOTTER, Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Cancer Research

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I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Z

Dr. F. Hubbard Horn, A.B. Oberlin (1937), Ph.D. in Chemistry, Johns Hopkins (1942), came to the General Electric Research Laboratory in 1946. With the equipment shown, he has been able to extend the range of density measure- ment to a new order of precision. Dr. Horn's work includes pioneering stud- ies of crystals and their imperfections.

Dr. F. Hubbard Horn seeks more uniform semiconductor crystals at the General Electric Research Laboratory

Recent work by Dr. F. Hubbard Horn has been with x-ray techniques, make it possible not only to likened to "measuring and weighing haystacks to ascertain the presence of impurities, but actually to find needles in them." The haystacks are crystals of locate where they are in the crystal. This General extremely pure silicon. The needles are the impurities Electric research will mean greater uniformity in and imperfections left in silicon after the crystals transistors and other silicon semiconductor devices have been "zone-melted" and grown in a process that can operate at high temperatures. It opens the developed by Dr. Horn and his associates at the way to wider basic knowledge and important progress General Electric Research Laboratory. in a new field of electronics.

Dr. Horn has adapted and developed a density- measurement method - involving free suspension of Progres! Is OQrM>o?i /mporaw Produc' crystals in a liquid column of varying density - which is sensitive to variations of a millionth of a gram per cubic centimeter. These measurements, combined E N E R L * E L E T I

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