Back MatterSource: Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 65, No. 3 (May, 1996), p. 400Published by: British Ecological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/5890 .

Accessed: 02/05/2014 10:05

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

.

British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal ofAnimal Ecology.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Fri, 2 May 2014 10:05:19 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

find that buffalo apparently do not take account of

predation when selecting grazing patches, and that there is no evidence to suggest that there is any effort to time activity patterns to avoid predator activity; all this in spite of the fact that nearly 88% of adult and subadult animals end up as a lion's meal!

The author extends his consideration of social behaviour in this species by looking at cognition, intel-

ligence and decision-making. Inclusion of such a con- sideration may be seen as potentially disastrous in

'credibility terms since it becomes all too easy to fall into the twin pitfalls of anthropomorphism and anec- dote. Prins, however, manages to keep this discussion

firmly in the field of behavioural ecology by con-

sidering this in terms of adaptive significance of the

species' social evolution. By stressing the variation of individual buffalo within the herd from the general advantages of the 'average' group member, he high- lights the social inequality which exists between indi-

find that buffalo apparently do not take account of

predation when selecting grazing patches, and that there is no evidence to suggest that there is any effort to time activity patterns to avoid predator activity; all this in spite of the fact that nearly 88% of adult and subadult animals end up as a lion's meal!

The author extends his consideration of social behaviour in this species by looking at cognition, intel-

ligence and decision-making. Inclusion of such a con- sideration may be seen as potentially disastrous in

'credibility terms since it becomes all too easy to fall into the twin pitfalls of anthropomorphism and anec- dote. Prins, however, manages to keep this discussion

firmly in the field of behavioural ecology by con-

sidering this in terms of adaptive significance of the

species' social evolution. By stressing the variation of individual buffalo within the herd from the general advantages of the 'average' group member, he high- lights the social inequality which exists between indi-

find that buffalo apparently do not take account of

predation when selecting grazing patches, and that there is no evidence to suggest that there is any effort to time activity patterns to avoid predator activity; all this in spite of the fact that nearly 88% of adult and subadult animals end up as a lion's meal!

The author extends his consideration of social behaviour in this species by looking at cognition, intel-

ligence and decision-making. Inclusion of such a con- sideration may be seen as potentially disastrous in

'credibility terms since it becomes all too easy to fall into the twin pitfalls of anthropomorphism and anec- dote. Prins, however, manages to keep this discussion

firmly in the field of behavioural ecology by con-

sidering this in terms of adaptive significance of the

species' social evolution. By stressing the variation of individual buffalo within the herd from the general advantages of the 'average' group member, he high- lights the social inequality which exists between indi-

viduals and leads into the concept of the herd as a means by which behavioural adjustments of indi- viduals may be a response to information garnered from the behaviours of conspecifics.

In all, this is a highly informative and easily read- able text which makes an excellent companion to, and extension of, the earlier work of Grimsdell (1969) and Sinclair (1977), and helps dispel many of the old myths propagated by white hunters about this animal.

P. MCERLAIN-WARD

References

Grimsdell, J. (1969) The ecology of the buffalo, Syncerus cafer, in Western Uganda. PhD thesis, Cambridge Uni- versity.

Sinclair, A.R.E. (1977) The African Buffalo: A Study of Resource Limitations of Populations. Chicago University Press, Illinois.

viduals and leads into the concept of the herd as a means by which behavioural adjustments of indi- viduals may be a response to information garnered from the behaviours of conspecifics.

In all, this is a highly informative and easily read- able text which makes an excellent companion to, and extension of, the earlier work of Grimsdell (1969) and Sinclair (1977), and helps dispel many of the old myths propagated by white hunters about this animal.

P. MCERLAIN-WARD

References

Grimsdell, J. (1969) The ecology of the buffalo, Syncerus cafer, in Western Uganda. PhD thesis, Cambridge Uni- versity.

Sinclair, A.R.E. (1977) The African Buffalo: A Study of Resource Limitations of Populations. Chicago University Press, Illinois.

viduals and leads into the concept of the herd as a means by which behavioural adjustments of indi- viduals may be a response to information garnered from the behaviours of conspecifics.

In all, this is a highly informative and easily read- able text which makes an excellent companion to, and extension of, the earlier work of Grimsdell (1969) and Sinclair (1977), and helps dispel many of the old myths propagated by white hunters about this animal.

P. MCERLAIN-WARD

References

Grimsdell, J. (1969) The ecology of the buffalo, Syncerus cafer, in Western Uganda. PhD thesis, Cambridge Uni- versity.

Sinclair, A.R.E. (1977) The African Buffalo: A Study of Resource Limitations of Populations. Chicago University Press, Illinois.

100-

80- a

60

0 40- 0 U.

100-

80- a

60

0 40- 0 U.

100-

80- a

60

0 40- 0 U.

Erratum

Blaustein, L. & Margalit, J. (1996) Priority effects in tem- porary pools; nature and outcome of mosquito larva-toad tadpole interactions depend on order of entrance. Journal of Animal Ecology, 65, 77-84.

Figure 2 on p. 80 of the above paper contained an error in the values for Culiseta longiareolata (Cs) larvae on the x- axis. We reproduce the figure here in its correct form.

Erratum

Blaustein, L. & Margalit, J. (1996) Priority effects in tem- porary pools; nature and outcome of mosquito larva-toad tadpole interactions depend on order of entrance. Journal of Animal Ecology, 65, 77-84.

Figure 2 on p. 80 of the above paper contained an error in the values for Culiseta longiareolata (Cs) larvae on the x- axis. We reproduce the figure here in its correct form.

Erratum

Blaustein, L. & Margalit, J. (1996) Priority effects in tem- porary pools; nature and outcome of mosquito larva-toad tadpole interactions depend on order of entrance. Journal of Animal Ecology, 65, 77-84.

Figure 2 on p. 80 of the above paper contained an error in the values for Culiseta longiareolata (Cs) larvae on the x- axis. We reproduce the figure here in its correct form.

a T a T a T

b b b 20-- -

Bufo 5 10 5 10 Cs 0 0 50 100

Treatment

Fig. 2. Influence of intraspecific density-dependent effects and Culiseta longiareolata larvae on the percentage of Bufo viridis developing four well-defined legs at the conclusion of the experiment. Error bars are one standard error. Different letters signify significantly different means by Scheffe's F-test.

20-- -

Bufo 5 10 5 10 Cs 0 0 50 100

Treatment

Fig. 2. Influence of intraspecific density-dependent effects and Culiseta longiareolata larvae on the percentage of Bufo viridis developing four well-defined legs at the conclusion of the experiment. Error bars are one standard error. Different letters signify significantly different means by Scheffe's F-test.

20-- -

Bufo 5 10 5 10 Cs 0 0 50 100

Treatment

Fig. 2. Influence of intraspecific density-dependent effects and Culiseta longiareolata larvae on the percentage of Bufo viridis developing four well-defined legs at the conclusion of the experiment. Error bars are one standard error. Different letters signify significantly different means by Scheffe's F-test.

EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT Winner of the Charles Elton Young Investigator's Prize for 1995

We record that the winner of the Charles Elton Young Investigator's Prize for 1995, announced at the AGM

meeting in Sheffield in December, was Mr Gareth Russell. Gareth Russell's paper, 'A century of turnover:

community dynamics at three timescales' (Vol. 64, pp. 628-641) with Jared Diamond, Stuart Pimm and Timothy Reed arose from his PhD programme currently being conducted at the University of Tennessee. The paper aims to develop a model of how the observed turnover of bird communities changes with the interval over which they are censused. It is the first such model to incorporate the effect of a non-equilibrium number of species. The model fits well the data from 13 small British and Irish islands and suggsts two, asymptotic components to turnover that are important over different timescales. Gareth will graduate in May of this

year, after which he will be taking up a post-doctoral position. For 2 years, he will be spending 8 months of the year at the newly formed National Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis at UC Santa Barbara, and 4 months of the year at the Centre for Population Biology at Silwood Park in the UK.

EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT Winner of the Charles Elton Young Investigator's Prize for 1995

We record that the winner of the Charles Elton Young Investigator's Prize for 1995, announced at the AGM

meeting in Sheffield in December, was Mr Gareth Russell. Gareth Russell's paper, 'A century of turnover:

community dynamics at three timescales' (Vol. 64, pp. 628-641) with Jared Diamond, Stuart Pimm and Timothy Reed arose from his PhD programme currently being conducted at the University of Tennessee. The paper aims to develop a model of how the observed turnover of bird communities changes with the interval over which they are censused. It is the first such model to incorporate the effect of a non-equilibrium number of species. The model fits well the data from 13 small British and Irish islands and suggsts two, asymptotic components to turnover that are important over different timescales. Gareth will graduate in May of this

year, after which he will be taking up a post-doctoral position. For 2 years, he will be spending 8 months of the year at the newly formed National Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis at UC Santa Barbara, and 4 months of the year at the Centre for Population Biology at Silwood Park in the UK.

EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT Winner of the Charles Elton Young Investigator's Prize for 1995

We record that the winner of the Charles Elton Young Investigator's Prize for 1995, announced at the AGM

meeting in Sheffield in December, was Mr Gareth Russell. Gareth Russell's paper, 'A century of turnover:

community dynamics at three timescales' (Vol. 64, pp. 628-641) with Jared Diamond, Stuart Pimm and Timothy Reed arose from his PhD programme currently being conducted at the University of Tennessee. The paper aims to develop a model of how the observed turnover of bird communities changes with the interval over which they are censused. It is the first such model to incorporate the effect of a non-equilibrium number of species. The model fits well the data from 13 small British and Irish islands and suggsts two, asymptotic components to turnover that are important over different timescales. Gareth will graduate in May of this

year, after which he will be taking up a post-doctoral position. For 2 years, he will be spending 8 months of the year at the newly formed National Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis at UC Santa Barbara, and 4 months of the year at the Centre for Population Biology at Silwood Park in the UK.

? 1996 British Ecological Society, Journal of Animal

Ecology, 65, 398-400

? 1996 British Ecological Society, Journal of Animal

Ecology, 65, 398-400

? 1996 British Ecological Society, Journal of Animal

Ecology, 65, 398-400

400 Book Reviews

400 Book Reviews

400 Book Reviews

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Fri, 2 May 2014 10:05:19 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

"This is an exciting, significant, and important work. .. ." -The Quarterly Review of Biology

New in paperback With a new introduction

by the author

Adaptation and Natural

Selection A Critique of Some Current

Evolutionary Thought GEORGE C. WILLIAMS

Chas. Darwin, Courtesy of the Natural History Museum, London

Adaptation and Natural Selection, now a classic of science literature, is a thorough and convincing essay in defense of Darwinism; its suggestions for developing effective principles for dealing with the evolution debate and its relevance to many fields outside biology ensure the timelessness of this critical work.

"A beautifully written and excellently reasoned essay in defense of Darwinian selec- tion as a sufficient theory to explain evolution without the necessity of group selection, population adaptation, or progress."-Science Princeton Science Library Paper: ?10.95 ISBN 0-691-02615-7 Available May

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS AVAILABLE FROM YOUR BOOKSELLER OR DIRECTLY FROM THE PUBLISHER: (609) 883-1759 U.S.

(1243) 779777 U.K./EUROPE * WORLD WIDE WEB SITE: HTTP: //AAUP.PUPRESS.PRINCETON.EDU/PUPRESS

Marine Fish Behaviour in Capture and Abundance Estimation

Edited by Anders Ferno and Steinar Olsen

Until now, current texts on fish behaviour have tended to address the more general aspects of behaviour and physiology offering little or no coverage of fish capture and abundance estimation.

In this new book, experts from the Institute of Marine Research in Bergen synthesize our current understanding of both basic and applied fish behaviour and, in light of the many advances of recent years, examine the influence of fish behaviour on fish capture and abundance estimation.

Marine Fish Behaviour in Capture and Abundance Estimation is an essential source of up-to-date and topical information and practical, professional guidance for fisheries technologists, gear manufacturers, fisheries researchers, and fishermen.

60 illustrations, 256 pages. Price: ?49.50 ISBN 085238 211 1

I

gh,kqLVWAlklkqlw-mutaEmwAirlikyjlI Eq 0 RM

I

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Fri, 2 May 2014 10:05:19 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

ANIMAL GENETICS

The Official Journal of the International Societyfor Animal Genetics

Editor: Dr A Archibald, AFRC Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian Associate Editor: Dr N E Cockett, Utah State University, Logan, USA

Animal Genetics provides a forum for Contributions of varying character are reporting research on important genes and published, including full length papers, short theirproducts in agricultural and companion papers forextra rapid publication, molecular animals, and provides an excellent genetic markers and commissioned and opportunity to bring such material together submitted mini-reviews from time to time. in one place. The areas covered by the Articles on technical advances relevant to journal are: immunogenetics, biochemical the subject also appear. genetics, molecular genetics.

Subscription Information Animal Genetics is published bimonthly. Subscription rates for 1996 are ?175.00 (Europe), ?175.00 (Overseas) and US$282.00 (North America).

,Order Form

Please tick the appropriate box and return to the address below: aU I would like to subscribe to Animal Genetics U[ I wish to pay by cheque and enclose the sum of ?__ US$ O I wish to pay by Access/American Express/Barclaycard/Diners CardNISA/

Mastercard (delete as necessary). Please debit my credit card number:

I I I I I I I ] I I ] I Expiry date

with the sum of ? US$_ Signature Date

European Community VAT & Canadian GST Subscribers in Europe must quote .their VAT registration number or state that they are not VAT- registered. Subscribers in the following countries who are not VAT-registered must add VAT to the subscription price at the appropriaterate: Belgium (6% TVA/BTW); France (2.1% TVA); Germany (7% MwSt); Spain (4% IVA); The Netherlands (6% BTW). All subscribers in Canada must add 7% to allow for GST.

VAT registration number I am not registered for VAT U

E Please send me a specimen copy of Animal Genetics

Name Address

worldwide web: http://www.blacksci.co.uk

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Fri, 2 May 2014 10:05:19 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

The British Ecological Society President J. A. LEE

Vice-Presidents A. J. GRAY and M. CHERRETT

Honorary Treasurer R. A. BENTON

Department of Environmental Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL

Honorary Secretaries B. D. TURNER

Division of Life Sciences, King's College, London W8 7AH M. C. PRESS (Meetings) Department of Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN C. M. LESSELLS (Publications) N100, Boterhoeksestraat 22, PO Box 40, 666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands

Honorary Chairmen D. W. H. WALTON (Ecological Affairs) British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET D. SHIRLEY (Education and Careers) 5 Trevor Road, Hitchin, Herts SG4 9TA

Ordinary Members of Council

Retiring 1996 P. ANDERSON

A. J. HESTER

M. O. HILL

1997 B. HUNTLEY

J. A. THOMAS

M. A. PALMER

1998 M. H. D. AULD

S. E. HARTLEY

D. R. SLINGSBY

1999 W. BLOCK

M. J. HUTCHINGS

W. J. SUTHERLAND

The British Ecological Society was founded in April 1913, when it replaced the British Vegetation Com- mittee (founded in 1904). The objects of the Society are to advance the education of the public and to advance and support research in the subject of ecology as a branch of natural science, and to disseminate the results of such research. It does this by publishing the Journal of Ecology, the Journal of Animal Ecology, the Journal of Applied Ecology, Functional Ecology and a Bulletin for members, and by holding regular meetings and symposia on subjects of current ecological interest. At present these are held in December, March or April, and July, in various places. The

meeting in March or April is a symposium and that in

July is devoted primarily to excursions to places of

ecological interest. Additional meetings are organized by six specialist groups.

MEMBERSHIP of the Society is open to all, whether or not they reside in the British Isles, who are genuinely and personally interested in Ecology and wish to receive the Society's journals for their own use. The minimum subscription for ordinary membership for 1996 is ?19.50, due on 1 January, and this entitles members to attend the meetings and make use of other

facilities that the Society may offer, to vote in the election of Council and Officers and to be eligible for election to Council and Office. For a subscription of ?34.50 (?59.50) members may receive one journal, for ?49.50 (?74.50) two journals, for ?64.50 (?89.50) three journals and for ?79.50 (?104.50) all four journals (rates in parentheses are for copies on CD-Rom). Student membership is available at ?8.00 (no journal), ?15.50 (one journal), ?23.00 (two journals), ?30.50 (three journals) and ?38.00 (four journals), the equivalent CD-Rom rates for students being ?40.50, ?48.00, ?55.50 and ?63.00, respectively. There is a discount of ?1.00 for those paying by Direct Debit. These rates apply to the United Kingdom. Separate rates apply to the USA and there are concessionary rates for Eastern Europe (including the former USSR) and Africa (excluding South Africa).

Full details of membership and an application form may be obtained on request from the British Ecological Society, a charitable company registered in England No. 1522897 and limited by guarantee. Registered office: 26 Blades Court, Deodar Road, Putney, London SW15 2NU.

Officers and Council for

the year 1996

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Fri, 2 May 2014 10:05:19 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Journal of Animal Ecology Volume 65 Number 3 1996

Contents 255 The Eleventh Tansley Lecture: Phylogenies for ecologists

P. H. HARVEY ! 264 Seasonal variation in the incidence of double broods: the data hypothesis fits better than the quality

hypothesis N. VERBOVEN & S. VERHULST

274 Random walks in a metapopulation: how much density dependence is necessary for long-term persistence? I. HANSKI, P. FOLEY & M. HASSELL

283 Female mating status and reproductive success in the great reed warbler: is there a potential cost of polygyny that requires compensation? S. BENSCH

297 Aggregation and coexistence. I. Theory and analysis J. G. SEVENSTER

308 Aggregation and coexistence. II. A neotropical Drosophila community J. G. SEVENSTER & J. J. M. VAN ALPHEN

325 An experimental study of incubation effort in high-Arctic barnacle geese I. M. TOMBRE & K. E. ERIKSTAD

332 Reproductive demands and mass gains: a paradox in female red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) M. M. HUMPHRIES & S. BOUTIN

339 Asymmetries, compartments and null interactions in an Amazonian ant-plant community C. R. FONSECA & G. GANADE

348 The effects of beam-trawl disturbance on infaunal communities in different habitats M. J. KAISER & B. E. SPENCER

359 The numerical response of great horned owls to the snowshoe hare cycle: consequences of non-territorial 'floaters' on demography C. ROHNER

371 Spatial analysis of the distribution of tsetse flies in the Lambwe Valley, Kenya, using Landsat TM satellite imagery and GIS U. KITRON, L. H. OTIENO, L. L. HUNGERFORD, A. ODULAJA, W. U. BRIGHAM, O. O. OKELLO, M. JOSELYN, M. M. MOHAMED-AHMED & E. COOK

381 Regulation of food provisioning in the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica S.-H. LORENTSEN

389 Bird predation and vegetation structure affecting spruce-living arthropods in a temperate forest B. GUNNARSSON

398 Book Reviews 400 Erratum 400 Editorial Announcement

b 1fluI 1 111il Blackwell Science 0021-8790C199605)65:3;1-2

Cover illustrations. Artwork on the cover will normally illustrate an article in the current issue. The Editors would be pleased to consider any such material which authors submit.

Photo of a red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus supplied by S. Boutin (see p. 332).

Typeset by BPCC-AUP Glasgow Ltd, Glasgow, UK Printed in Great Britain by Alden, Oxford, Didcot and Northampton.

This content downloaded from 130.132.123.28 on Fri, 2 May 2014 10:05:19 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions