Back Matter

Back MatterSource: Isis, Vol. 80, No. 3 (Sep., 1989), pp. 579-584Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/235017 .

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NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Rima D. Apple, Assistant Editor of Isis, is author of Mothers and Medicine: A Social History of Infant Feeding, 1890-1950 (1987). She is editing a collection of essays on the history of women and health in America and preparing a history of the commercial development of vitamins.

Wilbur Applebaum teaches history of science in the Humanities Department of Illinois Institute of Technology. His research interests are currently centered on seventeenth-century astronomy and cosmology.

Katherine Arens is Associate Professor of Ger- manic Languages at the University of Texas at Austin. Her recent work on the history of Ger- man psychology from Herder and Kant through the Freudians includes Structures of Knowing: Psychologies of the Nineteenth Century (Reidel, 1988).

Lawrence Badash is Professor of History of Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His research has concentrated on the development of radioactivity and nuclear physics, the role of scientists in the nuclear arms race, and the interaction of science and society. His most recent book is Kapitza, Rutherford, and the Kremlin (Yale, 1985).

Barry Barnes is Reader at the Science Studies Unit at Edinburgh University. His research interests lie in the sociology of science and in so- ciological theory. He has recently published The Nature of Power (Illinois, 1988).

Thomas M. Barrett is a graduate student at Georgetown University, specializing in Russian history. He is at work on a dissertation dealing with rites of political punishment in nineteenth- century Russia.

Barbara Bates, a physician, is a lecturer in the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and in the School of Nursing of the University of Pennsylvania. She has studied history at the University of Kansas and the University of Pennsylvania and is working on a history of tu- berculosis.

Hans-Joachim Braun is Professor of Modern So- cial, Economic, and Technological History at the University of the Federal Armed Forces in Hamburg. He has published on technical innovations and technology transfer, engineers and engineering organizations, and the engineering sciences.

Janet Browne is Associate Editor of the Corre- spondence of Charles Darwin, based in the Uni- versity Library, Cambridge. She is the author of The Secular Ark (Yale, 1983) and coeditor (with Michael Neve) of a reprint of Darwin's Journal of Researches (Penguin, 1989).

Glenn E. Bugos is a research fellow in history at the California Institute of Technology, where he is researching the evolution and organization of the American defense industries.

Charles S. F. Burnett is a lecturer on the history of Islamic influence in Europe at the Warburg Institute, University of London. He has pre- pared an edition and translation of Hermann of Carinthia's De essentiis (Leiden, 1982) and edited Adelard of Bath: An English Scientist and Arabist of the Early Twelfth Century (London, 1987).

Ronald Calinger is an associate professor of history at the Catholic University of America. His primary area of research is the history of mathematics. His latest article on George Boole and modern digital computers appeared in The World & I, August 1988 3(8).

Albert V. Carozzi is Professor of Geology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is completing a memoir on the history of geology based on the unpublished archives and documents of the Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve between 1790 and 1815, for the bicentennial of that society in 1990.

Gregory D. Crowe is a graduate student in the History of Science Department at Harvard Uni- versity and is working on a dissertation on the early history of Soviet computer science and technology.

Lorraine Daston is Associate Professor of His- tory and History of Science at Brandeis Univer- sity and author of Classical Probability in the Enlightenment. She is at work on a history of objectivity in the sciences.

Harold Dorn is Professor of the History of Science and Technology in the Humanities De- partment of Stevens Institute of Technology. He recently completed the draft of a book-length manuscript on a materialist interpretation of the history of science.

Jean Dorst is Professor at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, and a member of the

579



580 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS-ISIS, 80: 3: 303 (1989)

Academie des Sciences and of many scientific societies throughout the world. His sixteen books on mammals, birds, and nature conserva- tion include Before Nature Dies and the Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Africa.

Steve Eardley is a graduate student at the Univer- sity of Chicago. His master's thesis (in history at Chicago) was titled "The Paracelsians and the Doctrine of Herbal Signatures."

Allan Ellenius is Professor of Art History at the University of Uppsala. He has published several books, including one on wildlife art, and numerous articles on the natural sciences in their rela- tion to the arts. He contributed to the recent fac- simile edition of Olof Rudbeck's Book of Birds (Stockholm, 1986).

Dietrich von Engelhardt has been Director of the Institute for History of Medicine and Natural Sciences at the Medical University of Lilbeck since 1983. His research interests include philosophy of medicine, medical ethics, medicine in modern literature, science and medicine in the ages of idealism and romanticism, and patients' coping processes.

Raymond E. Fancher is Professor of Psychology and Coordinator of the graduate program's Ph.D. Option in History and Theory of Psychol- ogy at York University, North York, Ontario. His most recent books are The Intelligence Men: Makers of the IQ Controversy (1985) and an ex- tensively revised edition of Pioneers of Psychol- ogy (forthcoming in 1990).

Michael Fores has been with the Department of Industry in London and the International Insti- tute of Management in Berlin. He has written articles on science and technology and on historical aspects of industry and management.

Faye Marie Getz is a consultant on medieval science and medicine at the Wellcome Institute, London, and an honorary fellow in the History of Medicine Department, University of Wiscon- sin-Madison. She is the author of the forthcoming Healing and Society in Medieval England: The Pharmaceutical Writings of Gilbertus Ang- licus in Middle English.

Gregory A. Good teaches history of the physical and geophysical sciences at West Virginia Uni- versity. He has published articles on science at the Coast Survey before the Civil War. He is now researching the development of geophysical research at the Survey in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Anita Guerrini has taught history of medicine and history of biology at the University of Min- nesota. With the assistance of a grant from the National Science Foundation, she is completing

a book on George Cheyne and Newtonian medicine and studying the history of experimentation on animals and humans.

Owen Hannaway is Professor of the History of Science at the Johns Hopkins University and is working on Renaissance humanism and the history of science and technology.

Pamela M. Henson is the historian in the Smith- sonian Institution Archives, where she directs the oral history project. Her current research is on the history of biological taxonomy, especially the relationship between evolutionary theory and insect classification.

Erika Hickel is head of the Department for the History of Pharmacy and Science at Technical University in Brunswick, West Germany. Her research centers on the history of nineteenth- century biochemistry. During 1983-1985 she was on leave as a member of the Federal Parliament of West Germany, on behalf of the Green Party.

Anja Hiddinga teaches in the Department of Science Dynamics of the University of Amster- dam. Her work focuses on the development of research in clinical medicine, with an emphasis on obstetrics.

Erna Hilfstein is an affiliate of the Graduate School and University Center of the City Uni- versity of New York. She is now working on a biography of Copernicus and, with George Schwab, is completing the English translation of Carl Schmitt's Der Leviathan in der Staatslehre des Thomas Hobbes.

Richard F. Hirsh is Associate Professor of His- tory of Technology at Virginia Polytechnic Insti- tute and State University. He is the author of Glimpsing an Invisible Universe (Cambridge, 1983), a history of space science, technology, and policy, and a book on the recent history and management of the electric utility industry (Cambridge, forthcoming in 1989).

Louise E. Hoffman is Associate Professor of Hu- manities and History at the Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg. Her research deals with the history of psychoanalysis and psycho- analytic social thought and with the uses of psychoanalysis and psychology in historical interpretation.

Joel D. Howell is Assistant Professor in the De- partments of Internal Medicine and History at the University of Michigan. His major research interest is in the clinical use of medical technology in English and American hospitals, 1900- 1925.

Charles K. Hyde is Associate Professor of His- tory at Wayne State University in Detroit. He



NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS-ISIS, 80: 3: 303 (1989) 581

has written, with Larry Lankton, Old Reliable: An Illustrated History of the Quincy Mining Company (1982). He is now writing a history of the American copper mining industry.

Jeffrey A. Johnson teaches the history of science and technology in the Department of History, Villanova University. He has published on various aspects of the social and institutional history of chemistry in modern Germany. His book The Kaiser's Chemists: Science and Moderniza- tion in Imperial Germany will appear shortly.

Mark Johnson is Professor of Philosophy, South- ern Illinois University, Carbondale. He is coauthor of Metaphors We Live By (1980), editor of Philosophical Perspectives on Metaphor (1981), and author of The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason (1987).

Martin R. Jones is a graduate student in the Ph.D. program in philosophy at Stanford Univer- sity. He is specializing in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of quantum mechanics.

Paul Josephson, who teaches science policy and the history of science at Sarah Lawrence Col- lege, is a specialist in the history of Soviet science and technology. He is the author of articles in Physics Today, Soviet Union, Soviet Studies, and Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and is working on a book on physics and politics in revolutionary Russia.

Peter King is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the author of Jean Buridan's Philosophy of Logic and many articles on medieval logic and philosophy. His most recent work is Peter Abailard and the Problem of Universals in the Twelfth Century (Cornell, forthcoming).

Ann Hibner Koblitz teaches at the University of Puget Sound. Her areas of research are women in science in nineteenth-century Russia and in developing countries today, and gender and science. Her article "Science, Women, and the Russian Intelligentsia" appeared in the June 1988 issue of Isis.

Alan Charles Kors teaches the intellectual history of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of D'Holbach's Coterie: An Enlightenment in Paris (Princeton, 1976) and Atheism and Learning in Early-Modern France (Princeton, forthcoming).

Melvin Kranzberg, Emeritus Professor of the History of Technology at Georgia Institute of Technology, was one of the founders of the Soci- ety for the History of Technology and edited its

journal, Technology and Culture, for two decades. One of his chief contributions has been the amplification of the contextual, or "systems," approach to technological history.

Henrika Kuklick teaches in the Department of History and Sociology of Science at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania and writes frequently on the history of sociology and the other human sciences.

Marcel C. LaFollette is on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; in 1989 she is a Visiting Scholar at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. She is working on a book about fraud and plagia- rism in scientific research.

Larry Lankton is Associate Professor of the His- tory of Technology at Michigan Technological University. He has published on the history of rock-drilling machines and mine safety and is working on A Manly Civilization: Life, Work and Death in the Michigan Copper Mines.

Christopher Lawrence is Senior Lecturer in the History of Medicine at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. He is the coauthor (with Daniel M. Fox) of Photographing Medi- cine: Images and Power since 1840 and the author of a number of articles on the history of modern physiology and cardiology.

William M. Leary is professor of history at the University of Georgia. The author of Aerial Pio- neers: The U.S. Air Mail Service, 1918-1927 (Smithsonian, 1985), he is editing a volume on the airline industry for The Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography.

Trevor Levere is a member of the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Tech- nology at the University of Toronto. His publications include Affinity and Matter (1971) and Poetry Realized in Nature: Samuel Taylor Co- leridge and Early Nineteenth-Century Science (1981). He is writing a book on science and the exploration of the Canadian Arctic from 1818 to 1918.

Aleksey E. Levin emigrated from the USSR in 1987; he is Research Associate with the Commit- tee on the History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Maryland. He is now working on a study of the new Soviet science policy. His latest publication, on the Soviet Academy of Science, appeared in Slavic Review (1988, 47:261-279).

Reinhard Low is founding director of the Re- search Institute for Philosophy in Hannover. He has published on early organic chemistry, Kant, teleology, and especially the ethical problems of modem science.



582 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS-ISIS, 80: 3: 303 (1989)

Jane Maienschein is Associate Professor of Phi- losophy and Zoology at Arizona State Univer- sity. Her research focuses on the emergence and establishment of American developmental biology around the turn of this century. Her most recent publication, edited with Ronald Rainger and Keith Benson, is The American Develop- ment of Biology (Pennsylvania, 1988).

Donald McGraw, an independent scholar, con- tinues his research program in the history of anti- biotics and publishes reviews in numerous journals on works in this field.

Eric R. Meyer is a visiting instructor in history of science at the University of Oklahoma. He is completing a dissertation at Indiana University on quantitative method in the early scientific revolution. His interests include astronomy and cosmology, scientific method, probability, and causality.

Regina Morantz-Sanchez, Professor of History at UCLA, is the author of numerous articles and of In Her Own Words: Oral Histories of Women Physicians (1982). Her book Sympathy and Science: Women Physicians in American Medi- cine (1985) won the History of Science Society's Prize for History of Women in Science in 1987.

William Newman is Head Tutor and Assistant Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University. His dissertation, "The Summa per- fectionis and Late Medieval Alchemy," is a study of alchemical traditions associated with the Latin author Geber (pseudo-Jabir ibn Hayyan) in thirteenth-century Italy.

Ronald L. Numbers is Professor of the History of Medicine and the History of Science at the Uni- versity of Wisconsin-Madison. His publications include The Education of American Physicians: Historical Essays (California, 1980) and, most recently, The Disappointed: Millerism and Mille- narianism in the Nineteenth Century (Indiana, 1987), edited with Jonathan M. Butler.

Michael A. Osborne lectures on the history of science and medicine in the history department at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is completing a book on the history of French economic zoology and has begun work on a history of French military medicine around World War I.

Alex Soojung-Kim Pang is a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania and a former Isis editorial assistant. He is currently conducting research on the MIT Radiation Laboratory and on scientific careers during and after World War II.

Robert J. Paradowski is Associate Professor of the History of Science in the College of Liberal Arts at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

The author of twenty-five articles in various ref- erence works for Salem Press, he is also Linus Pauling's authorized biographer and principal consultant for a television program on Pauling to appear in the American Masters series in 1990.

Xavier Polanco is Researcher at the Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation, Ecole Nationale Su- perieure des Mines de Paris. His chief research interests are in the historical sociology of French scientific development. He is at work on a book on the French regime of science and technology.

Theodore M. Porter teaches history at the Uni- versity of Virginia. He is the author of The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900 (Princeton, 1986) and coauthor of The Empire of Chance: How Probability Changed Science and Everyday Life (Cambridge, 1989). He is at work on a book tentatively called The Quantification of Practical Life.

Jack D. Pressman, Assistant Professor, teaches in the Department of the History of the Health Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco. He is completing a book on the history of psychosurgery and the development of scientific psychiatry in America.

Robert N. Proctor coordinates the Program in Science, Technology and Power at Lang Col- lege, the New School for Social Research. He is the author of Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis (1988) and is finishing a study of the origins of the ideal of value-free science.

Charles G. Roland is a medical historian at McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada. His area of research interest is health and disease among prisoners of the Axis powers during World War II. He is editing a volume based upon an international conference held in Cologne, West Germany, on the subject "Medical Science without Compassion: Past and Present."

Nils Roll-Hansen is Professor of the History and Philosophy of Biology at the University of Oslo and is working at the Institute for Studies of Re- search and Higher Education of the Norwegian Research Council. His present research interests include early twentieth-century genetics, eugenics, and science policy questions in contem- porary environmental research.

Moshe Ron is Senior Curator and Librarian of the Sidney M. Edelstein Collection and Library at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. For the last ten years he has been concentrating on the history of technology and has published a number of papers in both professional and popular periodicals.

George Saliba, Associate Professor of Arabic and Islamic Science, Columbia University, has a spe-



NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS-ISIS, 80: 3: 303 (1989) 583

cial interest in the history of astronomy during the Muslim Middle Ages. His recent works include a critical edition and translation of the works of al-cUrdl, a thirteenth-century Dama- scene astronomer. He is also editing the astronomical work of Ibn al-Shatir.

Fay Horton Sawyier, head of the Philosophy Sec- tion of the Humanities Department at Illinois In- stitute of Technology, 1966-1988, is now Ad- junct Professor at Indiana University Northwest. Her chief interests include philosophy of mind and metaphysics, as well as particular philosophers, such as Plato and David Hume.

Ivo Schneider is Professor for the History of Sciences at the University of Munich. He is the author of Isaac Newton (1988) and Die Entwick- lung der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie von den An- fdngen bis 1933: Einfiihrungen und Texte (1988) and editor of Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) (1981).

John Schuster is Senior Lecturer in the Depart- ment of Science and Technology Studies, Uni- versity of Wollongong. He edited, with Richard Yeo, The Politics and Rhetoric of Scientific Method (1986). He is writing on Cartesian method and optics; eighteenth-century experi- mental natural philosophy; and, with Eveleen Richards, method myths in feminist analyses of science.

Glenn T. Seaborg is University Professor of Chemistry, Associate Director of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and Chairman of the Lawrence Hall of Science at the University of California, Berkeley. One of the discoverers of plutonium and of nine other transuranium ele- ments, he won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemis- try (with E. M. McMillan) for work on their chemistry.

Michael Shank, Associate Editor of Isis for book reviews, is a member of the Department of the History of Science at the University of Wiscon- sin-Madison.

Alan E. Shapiro is Professor of the History of Science and Technology at the University of Minnesota. He is a student of the physical sciences in the early modern era and editor of The Optical Papers of Isaac Newton.

Robert W. Smith is a historian at the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Insti-

tution and Associate Professor in the Depart- ment of the History of Science at the Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of The Ex- panding Universe: Astronomy's "Great De- bate," 1900-1931 (1982) and a study of the Hub- ble Space Telescope, to be published in late 1989.

Raman Srinivasan, Department of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylva- nia, is completing his dissertation, entitled "Goods and Gods: Technology and Culture in Modem India."

Henry Steffens is Professor of History at the Uni- versity of Vermont. He has recently focused his interests on the uses of writing in teaching, conducting writing-across-the-curriculum work- shops for teachers at all grade levels. Writer's Guide: History, with M. J. Dickerson (Heath, 1987), is one of the results of this interest.

Dirk J. Struik is Professor of Mathematics Emer- itus at MIT and an associate of the history of science department at Harvard. He has worked in differential geometry, tensor calculus, and the history of science. His Concise History of Math- ematics is in its fourth edition (Dover) and his Source Book in Mathematics, 1200-1800, in its second (Princeton).

Roger H. Stuewer is Professor of the History of Science and Technology at the University of Minnesota. His current research is on the history of nuclear physics during the interwar period.

Imre Toth is Professor for History of Science at the University of Regensburg. His discovery of the fragments of an anti-Euclidean system in Ar- istotle was published in the Archive of History of Exact Sciences (1968, 415). I1 Mulino will soon publish his book on the nineteenth-century non- Euclidean controversy. He is now working on an interpretation of Zeno's paradoxes.

Andrew Wear is at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. He has research interests in Renaissance medicine and in the social history of medicine in seventeenth-century England.

L. Pearce Williams is the John Stambaugh Pro- fessor of the History of Science and Director of Cornell's Program in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. He is working on a volume entitled Andre-Marie Ampere's Philoso- phy of Science.

Illustrations in the book review section are from the following sources: on page 504 from Measures and Men; on page 519 from Die Kunst und das Studium der Natur; on page 523 courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution; on page 525 from Time, the Greatest Innovator; on page 536 from Osiris, 1939, 7, facing page 225; on page 539 from The Southern Ark; on page 556 from Radar in World War 11; on page 564 from Innovation and the Rise of the Tunnelling Industry; and on p. 571 from The Woman in the Body.



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Teaching in the History of Science

Resources & Strategies

A booklet of six essays by leading specialists in history of science that contains suggestions for teaching important topics in the field. These teaching guides are intended for the use of historians of science, general historians, and any other teachers who wish to plan a new history of science course, to revise an existing course in the field, or to incorporate history of science topics in general history courses.

Contents: Stanley Goldberg Introduction Garland E. Allen Life Sciences in the Twentieth Century Bruce Eastwood History of Science in the Survey Course in

European History Loren Graham Science and Technology in Russia and the

Soviet Union Dorothy Nelkin Science, Technology, and Public Policy

John Servos History of Science and the Survey Course in American History

Richard S. Westfall The Scientific Revolution

Price on publication $7.50 Ten copies or more $6. 00 each

Yes! I want state-of-the-art advice on teaching these important and timely courses and course units. Please send me copies at apiece: total.

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Time Reversal: An Autobiography ANATOLE ABRAGAM This translation of the French autobiography of Anatole Abragam, a leading expert in modern physics, provides a candid description of the author's life, times, and colleagues. 1989 * 384 pages 0 15 illus. * $39.95

The Wellborn Science Eugenics in Germany, France, Brazil, and Russia Edited by MARK B. ADAMS Examines the eugenics movements in Ger- many, France, Brazil, and the Soviet Union, describing how geneticists and physicians par- ticipated in the development of policies concerning the improvement of hereditary qualities in humans. (Monographs in the History and Philosophy of Biology) 1989 * 256 pages * $35.00

Occult Powers and Hypotheses Cartesian Natural Philosophy Under Louis XIV DESMOND M. CLARKE Analyzes the concept of scientific explanation developed by French disciples of Descartes in the period 1660-1700. 1989 * 280 pages * $64.00

Let Newton Be! Edited by JOHN FAUVEL, et al. Explores the richness of Newton's life, labors, and legacy. Each chapter addresses a different aspect of Newton's life and work, making use of much new evidence uncovered in the last two decades. 1989 * 190 pages * illus. * $29.95

Now in a new edition Ideas of Space Euclidean, Non-Euclidean, and Relativistic, Second Edition JEREMY GRAY From reviews of the first edition: "Promises to become a classic text for those interested in considering changing mathematical percep- tions of space. Gray's book is a pleasure to read. -Historia Mathematica 1989 *256 pages * 153 illus.a cloth $65.001paper $29.95

The Invented Universe The Einstein-De Sitter Controversy (1916-17) and the Rise of Relativistic Cosmology PIERRE KERSZBERG A complete history of the development of relativistic cosmology in the first half of the twentieth century 1989 * 416 pages 0 48 illus. * $55.00

Pythagoras Revived. Mathematics and Philosophy in Late Antiquity DOMINIC J. O'MEARA Draws on newly discovered evidence, including fragments of lamblichus's On Pythago- reanism, to examine early theories and trace their influence on later Neoplatonists and on medieval and early modern philosophy. 1989 0 264 pages * $49.95

Darwin Without Maithus The Struggle for Existence in Russian Evolutionary Thought DANIEL P TODES The first book in English to examine in detail the scientific work of nineteenth century Rus- sian evolutionists, and the first in any language to explore the relationship of Russian theories to the economic, political, and natural circum- stances in which they were generated. 1989 * 320 pages * 12 photos * $45.00

Journey into Light Life and Science of C.V. Raman G. VENKATARAMAN "In writing this book, which appears to be the only comprehensive scientific biography of Raman, the author has rendered a valuable service to the science-oriented reading public -Science 1989 * 588 pages * illus. * $45.00

To order, or for more information, please write:

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Medical Books Prices and publication dates are subject to change.

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JOURNAL OF RELIGION & SCIENCE

TOPICS AUTHORS

cosmic evolution John L. Caughey & human purpose anthropology quantum physics John F. Curry

& the theory of knowledge medical psychology

thermodynamics, Mary Gerhart creation, & values religious studies

Ward Goodenough the implications of recent anthropology

neurobiology for the M social sciences & the humanities Mary Mildgley

phi losophy genetic engineering, Karl Schmitz-Moormann persons, & the sacred philosophy and theology

artificial intelligence Nancey C. Murphy & human consciousness philosophy of science

concepts of God Wolfhart Pannenberg & scientific materialism theology

religions's role Michael Ruse in war & peace philosophy of biology

Winnifred A. Tomm creationism and philosophy of religion

evolution Thomas F. Torrance

freedom, determinism, theology and human purpose George C. Williams

in evolutionary perspective ecology and evolution

Zygon is published quarterly by the Joint Publication Board of Zygon, representing The Institute on Religion in the Age of Science (IRAS; an international learned society), The Center for Advanced Study in Religion and Science (CASIRAS; affiliated with the Chicago Cluster of Theological Schools), and Rollins College (a nonsectarian liberal arts col lege).

SUBSCRIPTIONS: $25 individuals ($27 overseas); $35 institutions ($37 overseas); $20 students ($22 overseas). Send to Zygon, Subscriptions, Rollins College, Box 2764, Winter Park, FL 32789-4496, USA. Please send U.S. Dollars or International Money Order. Master Card/Visa orders must include signature, card number, and expira- tion date. Overseas orders are sent surface mail.

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL FOUNDED 1966



HISTORY OF SCIENCE TITLES FROM

BOYDELL & BREWER

ROBERT HOOKE: NEW STUDIES Edited by Michael Hunter and Simon Schaffer A series of studies, many based on hitherto neglected sources, on Hooke's ideas and activities, from Instruments to illness, matter theory to mechanics. Cloth: $67.00 - 0 85115 523 5 - Due December

ESTABLISHING THE NEW SCIENCE The Experience of the Early Royal Society Michael Hunter

Ji'tl Ei~ 1 A collection of essays drawn from extensive documentation, giving a fresh perspective on the key episodes and fonnative years of Britain's oldest scientific institution, the Royal Society, founded in 1660.

I. Cloth: $86.00 - 0 85115 506 5 - Due September

POPULAR MEDICINE IN 13th CENTURY ENGLAND Tony Hunt The first study and edition of Anglo-Norman medical prescriptions to appear in print. The richest account of popular medicine In the period 1100-1300 yet published. Cloth: $67.00 - 0 85991 290 6 - Due December

RECENTLY PUBLISHED PLANT NAMES OF MEDIEVAL ENGLAND Tony Hunt The first work on the botanical language of the English middle ages to appear in print covering approximately 600 species and 1800 names. Cloth: $67.00 - 0 85991 273 6

ASTROLOGY, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY Edited by Patrick Curry A collection of essays demonstrating the breadth of influence astrology has had on science and society throughout the ages. Cloth: $67.00 - 0 85115 459 X

HISTORY OF WESTERN ASTROLOGY Jim Tester The author shows how little astrology changed during its journey from the Greek world through Islam and back into the west in the 12th century - a conservatism which remained until the 17th century. "Lucid, well-informed and concise" - New York Review of Books. Cloth: $45.00 - 0 85115 446 8

BOYDELL & BREWER * Wolfeboro * NH 03894-2069 Telephonte: (603) 569 4576



The

Medical Skills

of Ancient Egypt

J. WORTH ESTES

Men and women who lived along the Nile two to five thousand years ago were probably as concerned with their own health as we are today. They suffered from many of the illnesses that afflict us-if they lived long enough-although they had others that are rare in modern America. Evidence of disease and healers in ancient Egypt can be found in papyrus "textbooks" of trauma surgery, gynecology, and of what we might call "internal medicine," in inscriptions and paintings in tombs and temples, and in X-rays, CT scans, and autopsies of mummies, as well as in non-medical literary texts and letters.

The Egyptians may not have been the first to concern themselves with illness and its treatment, but their writings on those subjects are among the oldest that have survived. Both the healing arts and clearly identifiable physicians (including at least one woman) emerged during the earliest centuries of pharaonic civilization as a comfortable mixture of magical, religious, and lay practices and practitioners.

This book draws on recent research and experimentation, as well as on classical studies of medical Egyptology, to explain-insofar as pos- sible after all these centuries-what Egyptian healers were able to do for their patients, and why they did it. An Appendix includes those drugs used by healers along the Nile that have been identified. xii + 196 pages, illustrated, library edition, $16.96; paperback, $10.95

SCIENCE HISTORY PUBLICATIONS/U.S.A.

P. 0. Box 493, Canton, MA 02021 Telephone: (617) 828-8450 * Fax: (508) 228-7541



New from/t MacnilUan...

STATESMAN 0F SIENCE *Silvio Bedini

No other American figure has done so many things as well as Thomas Jefferson. Inventor, botanist, geographer, archaeologist, paleontologist, architect, and tireless recorder of the natural world, he helped convince the new nation of the importance of science and scholarship.

In the only comprehensive biography of Jefferson, scientist and spokesman for science, Silvio Bedini not only offers a vividly detailed account of Jefferson's remarkable achievements-he also chronicles his life-long efforts to promote science throughout the United States. Richly anecdotal, this book by a leading historian of science and technology is a major contribution to our understanding of Jefferson the polymath and the politician. And a fascinating glimpse at the culture of knowledge in early America. 604 pages * photographs $ S24.95

At bookstores or from the publisher:

MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY 866 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022 ORDER TOLL-FREE: 1/800/323-7445 (Please have credit card information handy.)



the review of

metaphysics a philosophical quarterly

ISSN 0034-6632

JUNE 1989 1 VOL. XLII, No. 4 1 ISSUE No. 168 I $9.00

articles

critical study

books received

philosophical abstracts

announcements

index

ANDREW VINCENT Can Groups Be Persons?

LUDO PEFEROEN The Heterogeneity of Thinking

JAMES F. ROSS The Crash of Modal Metaphysics

CHARLES E. SCOTT The Middle Voice of Metaphysics

JOSEPH M. ZYCINSKI The Doctrine of Substance and Whitehead's Metaphysics

BRUCE MORITO Fundamental Ontology and Personal Identity: A Critique of Albert Shalom's View of Personhood

MARK M. HURLEY AND STAFF Summaries and Comments

Individual Subscriptions $23.00 Institutional Subscription $35.00 Student/Retired Subscriptions $12.00

Jude P. Dougherty, Editor The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064



Early Printed Books and Manuscripts

IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE

CATALOGUES ISSUED

10 West 66th STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10023 [212] 595-1776

By appointment



ISIS CUMULATIVE INDEX, 1953-1932

The Isis, Cumulative Index provides direct access to nearly 1,000 major articles and 4,000 authoritative book reviews from 30 years of Isis: An International Review Devoted to the History of Science and its Cultural Influences.

AUTHOR-SUBJECT INDEX Subject classifications and chronological divisions based on the widely used Isis Critical Bibliography lead to articles directly related to your interests. Among topics available are Alchemy Medicine and medical sciences Computer sciences and artificial intelligence Physics Historiography and historical method Women in science

BOOK REVIEW INDEX Complete author-title citations place at your fingertips authoritative evalua- tions of 4,000 books central to the history of science.

SPECIFICATIONS Uniform in format with Isis, cloth and paperback editions printed on acid-free paper, 168 pages. Each article indexed by author, subject, geographical locus, cultural focus, major individuals discussed, and institution covered. Each book indexed by author and title.

ORDER NOW Send your orders to or call TOLL FREE

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SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN THE OLD SOUTH

EDITED BY Ronald L. Numbers AND Todd L. Savitt With a few notable exceptions, historians have tended to ignore the role that science and medicine played in the

antebellum South. The fourteen essays in this collection help to redress that neglect by considering scientific and medical developments in the early nineteenth-century South and by

showing the ways in which the South's scientific and medical activities differed from those of other regions. Included are

essays by Ronald and Janet Numbers, William Scarborough, Charles Dew, K. David Patterson, and James Cassedy. Other

contributors discuss southern public health problems, domestic medicine, slave folk beliefs, and the special

medical needs of blacks in the old South. Illustrated with 14 tables

$37.50

Louisiana State University Press Baton Rouge 70893



'WHAT IS THE "HISTORY OF IDEAS"?9 "In its second principal aspect, our (New) science is Forthcoming articles by: a history of human ideas...." J.H.M. Salmon on Stoicism

-Giambattista Vico (1744) Joseph M. Levine on Bentley

"1. The history of philosophy. Mark Phillips on Romantic Historiography 2. The history of science. Jerrold Seigel on Foucault 3. Folklore and parts of ethnography. Gordon J. Schochet on Ashcraft on Locke 4. Some parts of the history of language. Anthony Grafton on Time 5. The history of religious beliefs... H.S. Harris of the History of Philosophy 6. Literary history... Ricardo Quinones of Modernism 7. What is unhappily called comparative Peter MunzonRhetoric

literature. z

* R

. ~~~~~~~~Hans Aarsleff on Leibniz 8. The history of the arts... .Hans.Aarsleff.on.Leibni 9. Economic history... Charles Trinkaus on Renaissance 10. The history of education. Humanism 11. Political and social history, and Jack Censer on the French Revolution 12. The historical part of sociology..."

-Arthur 0. Lovejoy (1938)

Read all about it in:

JOURNAL OF one year ($15) two years ($27)

THE HISTORY OF (Please add $3 per year for subscriptions mailed I D EAS - X abroad.)

An International Enclose check or money order payable to: Journal of the History of Ideas

Quarterly Devoted to Rush Rhees Library

Ineleta .H.. istor University of Rochester lIntellectual History Rochester, N.Y. 14627 U.S.A.

Executive Editor: Donald R. Kelley



IMPACT of science on society

EDITOR H. J. Moore Unesco, ParisLrcsoen

Sponsored by Unesco, and co-published with Taylor & Francis, the aim of this journal is to stimulate debate on timely issues concerning the interaction between science/technology and society. WhenTyOr&Frci

almost every scientific and technological break- through is accompanied by complex and often unpredictable social consequences, IMPACT helps interpret cause and effect. Its quarterly issues, each on a topical theme, provide an international forum for discussion of the ideas that are shaping our future lives.

A Selection of Recent Contents: Plate tectonics: a framework for understanding our living planet, Jose Achache (France) Sedimentary basins, plate tectonics and oil fields, Bruce Sellwood (UK) * Fifth-generation computer systems and their impact on society, Norishia Doi et al. (Japan) * The twenty- first century corporation, Roger B. Smith (USA) * Robots: their present-day use and prospects for the future, Elisabeth Filemon (Hungary) * Energy from biomass, J. 0. B. Carioca (Brazil) * Small hydropower in China, Li Guifen and Gao Jizhang (China) * Wind energy: a maturing power supply possibility, Erik Lundtang Peterson et a!., (Denmark) - The economic and legal dimensions of invention, Manfredo Macioti (Italy) * Inventions and the developing countries, Susantha Goonatilake (Sri Lanka) * The superconductivity revolution? T. Fred Smith (Australia) * The laser - a versatile tool, S. C. Mehendale and K. C. Rustagi (India) Promoting mankind's progress through science, Guri Marchuk (USSR) Forthcoming Issues will deal with the themes: Man and Viruses * Science and antiscience * Communications systems and computers in research * Aging.

Publisher: Taylor & Francis Subscription Information Volume 39 (1989) Published quarterly ISSN 0019-2872 Institutional Rate: US$52 ?29

- ~~ *.* i*.; *S: ;*?vL -. 0**

>eii!i



A Research joumnal

vH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Devoted to the

History of Science and Its Cultural Influences

S E C 0 N D S E R I E S

The History of Science Society is proud to announce a new series of Osinis. Columbia University's Robert K. Merton, whose pathbreaking "Science, Technology and Society in Seventeenth Century England" was published in the first series of Osiris, calls the new series, "a must for every research library and every serious student of the history of science."

Edited by Arnold Thackray, Osiris will present major themes and research of wide interest to the history of science community.

V 0 L U M E 1 : Historical Writing on American Science. Guest-edited by Sally Gregory Kohlstedt and Margaret Rossiter. Fifteen essays survey the major concepts, disciplines, institutions, and policies of American science.

V 0 L U M E 2 : Authoritative monographs by major scholars including Garland E. Allen (on the Eugenics Record Office), David C. Lindberg (on Kepler's optics and the Neoplatonic tradition), Ernst Mayr (on J. G. Kolreuter's contribution to biology), James Reardon-Anderson (on chemical industry in China), and Susan Wright (on,recombinant DNA technology).

V 0 L U M E 3 : A collection of important essays by leading historians of science, featuring Ruth Barton (on John Tyndall's pantheism), Adrian Desmond (on artisans and evolution in Britain), Robert E. Kohler (on private foundations and American science), Sheila Weiss (on the race hygiene movement in Germany), and Alan Needell (on the federal role in radioastronomy).

V 0 L U M E 4 : The Chemical Revolution: Essays in Reinterpretation. Guest-edited by Arthur Donovan. American and European scholars address one of the major turning points in the history of modern science. Ten essays on developments from Stahl to Dalton, the core of the revolution, national communities, and the context of scientific change.

Volume 6, on science in the Middle Ages, edited by Michael McVaugh and Nancy Siraisi, is scheduled to appear in 1990.



A Research joumnal

m m m i t g l?lllglRllDevoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences

S E C O N D S E R I ES

V 0 L U M E 5: Science in Germany: The Intersection of Institutional and Intellectual Issues. Guest-edited by Kathryn M. Olesko. Articles and commentary by American and European scholars cover issues from medical thought through the administration of science to electrical technology in the Ruhr, with attention to science in and out of the university setting.

Yes, I would like to place my order for Osiris! Please send me volumes . (Volume 1 available separately only in hardcover.)

Price per volume $29 (hardcover) $18 (paperback)

Order Volumes 2, 3, and 4 and receive Volume 5 for $5 (paperback) or $12 (hardcover).

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WIICTORIAN

forthcoming in winter and spring

TUDIES

"Newman, Peel, Tamworth, and the Concurrence of Historical Forces," by Wendell V. Harris

"'A Gothic Ruin and a Grecian House': Tennyson's The Princess and Mid-Victorian Architectural Theory," by Hester Davenport

"The Love of Finery: Fashion and the Fallen Woman in Victorian Social Discourse," by Mariana Valverde

"Booth's Jews: The Presentation of Jews and Judaism in Life and Labour of the People in London,"

:;'~~~~~~"~~~~j ~~by David Englander

' ~~~ ~ " ~'Sin of the Age': Infanticide and Illegitimacy in Victorian London," by Ann R. Higginbotham

14 e"Charlotte Bronte's Belgian Essays: The Discourse of Empowerment,"

l & ] ] t by Sue Lonoff

"The Mysterious Demise of Sarah Gamp," by Anne Summers

Book Reviews

INDIANA UNIVERSITY



History of the ASME Boiler & Pressure

Vessel Code

Wilbur Cross

In the late nineteenth century, steam power revolutionized industry and transportation, but boilers

exploded frequently, killing or seriously injuring thousands of people. Between 1870 and 1910, there were at least 10,000 boiler explosions in North America - an

average of nearly one a day. Some states responded to an angry public's demand for action by writing their own boiler specifications into law.

But state requirements differed. Manufacturers were unable to make a boiler that could sell nationwide, and

safety standards still were not satisfied.

In 1911 the American Society of Mechanical Engineers formed a committee to establish a uniform

code, and three years later the first edition of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code was published. There are no longer any boiler or pressure vessel explosions in the

United States or in countries or regions where the Code is law.

This history is an official account of the origins, research programs, professional development, and

administration of the Code, from the publication of the initial document in 1914 to the occasion of the 75th

anniversary in 1989. $19.95 * ISBN 0-7918-2024-6

The American Society of lMechanical Engineers

Order No. 820246. To order, call toll-free: 1-800-321-CODE(2633). FAX: 1-201-882-1717. Or write: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 22 Law Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300.



Lively essay reviews and over 250 book reviews a year cover every specialty in the history of science, technology and medicine.

In 1989 Isis i's publishi'ng ARTICLES by Jan Golinski' on phosphorus and the early Royal Society, by John Logsdon on Halley's Comet and the polit'ics of big science, and by Janet Browne on Erasmu,s Darwin and botany for gentlemen A SPECIAL REVIEW SECTION on the history of medicine ESSAY REVIEWS by Glenn T. Seaborg of Lewis'and Xue's China Builds the Bomb, by John A. Schuster of books by Collins and Pinch, and by Heinrich von Staden of Lloyd's Revolutions of Wisdom A NEW SECTION of letters to the Editor AND MUCH MORE!

Subscription to Isis also brings * membership in the History of Science Society * the annual Critical Bibliography, listing over 3,000 recent publications in the field * the quarterly Newsletter, providing current news on jobs, meetings, fellowships, and other opportunities * the triennial Guide to the History of Science, listing members and describing programs, societies, journals, and newsletters in the field * reduced rates for Osiris, the Society's research annual. Write to: History of Science Society

Dept. 1-89, 215 South 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-631 0



FORTHCOMING IN ISIS

THE DECEMBER ISSUE WILL INCLUDE

ARTICLES Janet Browne "Botany for Gentlemen: Erasmus Darwin and The Loves of Plants" David J. Krause "Testing a Tradition: Douglass Houghton and the Native Copper of Lake Superior" Marcos Cueto "Andean Biology in Peru: Science on the Periphery"

NEWS OF THE PROFESSION Menso Folkerts, Andreas Kuhne, and Michael Segre "The International Computer Catalogue of Medieval Scientific Manuscripts" John Heilbron and Gad Freudenthal's eloge of Joseph Ben-David (1915-1986)

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

ESSAY REVIEWS Thomas Nickles on Arthur Donovan, Larry Laudan, and Rachel Laudan's edition of Scrutinizing Science: Empirical Studies of Scientific Change; and Joan L. Richards on Thomas Tymoczko's edition of New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics: An Anthology

BOOK REVIEWS Seventy reviews of works on every aspect of science and its cultural influences

SCHEDULED FOR EARLY PUBLICATION Steven McCluskey on Gregory of Tours and Monastic Timekeeping Neal Gillespie on William Paley, Divine Design, and the Industrial Revolution Paolo Palladino on Stereochemistry and the Nature of Life Domenico Bertoloni Meli on Centrifugal Force in the Eighteenth Century Keith Hutchison on Sunspots, Galileo, and the Orbit of the Earth Larry Owens on MIT, the Federal "'Angel," and Academic R&D Carl Perrin on Chemistry as a Peer of Physics Roshdi Rashed on Burning Mirrors and Lenses in the Tenth Century Gregg Mitman on William Patten, Darwinism, and World War I Mario Biagioli on Galileo the Emblem Maker



ISIS SEPTEMBER 1989 VOLUME 80 NUMBER 303

ARTICLES

RIMA D. APPLE: Patenting University Research: Harry Steenbock and the Wisc onsin Alumni Research Fund

ROBERT W. SMITH: The Cambridge Network in Action: The Discovery of Neptune

WILLIAM NEWMAN: Technology and Alchemical Debate in the Late Middle Ages

NOTES & RESEARCH CORRESPONDENCE

RAYMOND E. FANCHER: Galton on Examinations ERIC R. MEYER: Galileo's Cosmogonical Calculations

NEWS OF THE PROFESSION

Annual Meeting Contributors to the History of Science Society Eloge: OWEN HANNAWAY: William Coleman, 1934-1988

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

P. MASANI; STEVE J. HEIMS; JOEL S. SCHWARTZ; OWEN GINGERICH; ROBERT WESTMAN

EDITORIAL

MICHAEL H. SHANK: Old Wine in New, Wineskins

ESSAY REVIEWS

GLENN T. SEABORG on JOHN WILSON LEWIS and XUE LITAI'S China Builds the Bomb

JOHN A. SCHUSTER on H. M. COLLINS'S Changing Order: Replication and Induction in Scientific Practice and TREVOR PINCH'S Confronting Nature: The Sociology of Solar-Neutrino Detection

BOOK REVIEWS

Seventy-two reviews and eighteen contents listings

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS



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