BASUNDHARA (WEST) EXTENSION OCP

CMPDI/FINAL-EIA/MCL/2019-20/Sept-19/79/01

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT &

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

BASUNDHARA (WEST) EXTENSION OCP

(CAPACITY 8.75 MTY)

BASUNDHARA AREA IB VALLEY COALFIELD

MAHANADI COALFIELDS LIMITED

SEPTEMBER 2019

Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (A Subsidiary of Coal India Ltd.)

Regional Institute-VII, Samantpuri, P.O: RRL, Bhubaneswar-751013 (Odisha)

Certificate of accreditation vide No. NABET/EIA/1720/ RA 0092 valid till 01.10.2020

CMPDI

Job No.706135

LIST OF CONTENTS

Sl.#

Chapters Particulars Page No.

1. 2.

TOR and its Compliance of Basundhara OCP (8.75 Mty)…............... Proforma…………………………………………………………………...

1 1

-- --

17 39

3. Chapter-I Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Report…………………………….. 1 -- 3

1.2 General Information …….………………………… 3 -- 4

1.3 Scope of Study…………….………………………. 4 -- 5

1.4 Sources & Types of Data…………………………. 5 -- 5

4. Chapter-II Project Description

2.1 Study Area Profile………………….……………… 1 -- 3

2.2 Project Profile………………………..…………….. 3 -- 6

2.3 Mine Target, Life and Reserve…………………… 7 -- 7

2.4 Mine Details…..……………………………………. 7 -- 9

2.5 Type and Method of Mining Operation………….. 9 -- 9

2.6 Grade of Coal………………………………………. 9 -- 9

2.7 Other Parameters of Project……..………………. 9 -- 11

2.8 Proposed Production Schedule, Ob Removal & Dumping Programme………………………………

11

--

12

2.9 Land Management………………………………… 12 -- 13

2.10 Required of HEMM………………………………… 14 -- 14

2.11 Vehicular Traffic Density…………………………. 15 -- 15

2.12 Mineral(s) Transportation outside the ML area… 15 -- 15

2.13 Construction of Rail Infrastructure……………….. 15 -- 15

2.14 Litigation / Pending Cases……………………….. 15 -- 15

2.15 Occupational Health Issue……………………….. 15 -- 15

2.16 Diversion of Road & Drainage …..………………. 16 -- 16

2.17 Rehabilitation & Resettlement……………………. 16 -- 16

2.18 Use of Natural Resources………………………… 16 -- 16

2.19 Safety Management & Conservation……………. 17 -- 17

2.20 Economic Parameters…………………………….. 17 -- 18

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Job No.706135

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5.

Chapter-III

Description of the Environment

3.1 Present Environmental Scenario………………… 1 -- 1

3.2 Ambient Air Quality………………….…………….. 1 -- 18

3.3 Water Quality………………………….…………… 18 -- 25

3.4 Hydrology & Hydrogeology……….….…………… 26 -- 39

3.5 Noise Level Measurement……………………….. 40 -- 41

3.6 Land Use/Cover Pattern……………….…………. 42 -- 42

3.7 Socio-economic Scenario………………………… 43 -- 59

3.8 Soil Quality Study…….……………………………. 60 -- 63

3.9 Information on Bio-diversity…………….………… 64 -- 87

3.10 Places of Religious, Historical & Archaeological Importance………………………………………….

87

--

87

6. Chapter-IV Anticipated Env. Impacts & Mitigation Measures

4.1 Assessment of Impact and Control Measures on Air Quality …………..……………………………...

1

--

5

4.2 Assessment of Impact and Control Measures on Hydrology & Hydrogeology……………….……….

5

--

20

4.3 Noise Quality…….………………………….……… 21 -- 23

4.4 Risk and Hazards………………………………….. 23 -- 24

4.5 Impact on Socio-economic Profile………….……. 24 -- 28

4.6 Impact on Bio-diversity………………….………… 28 -- 32

4.7 Impact on Land Use and Land Scape…………… 32 -- 34

4.8 Impact on Traffic Movement and control measures …………………………….…………….

34

--

35

4.9 4.10

Impact on Public Health…………………………… Environment Impact Assessment………………...

35

35

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35 38

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Job No.706135

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7.

Chapter-V

Analysis of Alternative Technology

5.1 Introduction………………………….……………… 1 -- 1

5.2 Mining Technology for Env. Management….…… 1 -- 3

5.3 Basic Mine Parameters…………………………… 3 -- 3

5.4 Mining Strategy…………………………………….. 4 -- 4

8. Chapter-VI Environmental Management System and Monitoring Organization

6.1 Environmental Management System……………. 1 -- 3

6.2 Monitoring Organization…………………………... 3 -- 7

6.3 Monitoring & Control………………………………. 7 -- 8

9. Chapter-VII Additional Studies

7.1 Disaster Management (Risk Assessment & Management) …………………….….……………..

1

--

11

7.2 Social Impact & RR Action Plan………………….. 11 -- 11

7.3 Corporate Social Responsibility………………….. 11 -- 13

7.4 Habitat Management / Wildlife Conservation Cost………………………………………………….

13

--

14

7.5 Public Consultation / Hearing……………………. 14 -- 14

7.6 Rain Water Harvesting……………………………. 14 -- 15

7.7 Slope Stability……………………………………… 15 -- 21

10. Chapter-VIII Project Benefits

8.1 Introduction…………………………………………. 1 -- 1

8.2 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure & Community Development………………………….

1

--

2

8.3 Improvement in Social Infrastructure……………. 3 -- 3

8.4 Employment Potential……………………………... 3 -- 4

8.5 Other Tangible Benefits…………………………… 4 -- 4

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Job No.706135

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11.

Chapter-IX

Environmental Economics

9.1 Introduction…………………………………………. 1 -- 1

9.2 Expenditure to be incurred towards CSR……….. 1 -- 1

9.3 Compensatory Afforestation Cost & Wild Life Management………………………………………..

1 -- 2

9.4 Rain Water Harvesting……………………………. 2 -- 2

9.5

9.6

Biological Reclamation Cost………………………

Corporate Environment Responsibility

2

2

--

--

2

2

9.7

Mine Closure Cost…………………………………. 2 -- 4

9.8 Revenue Cost for EIA/EMP………………………. 4 -- 4

12.

Chapter-X

Environmental Management Plan

10.1 Mine Closure Plan…………………..…………….. 1 -- 29

10.2 Post-operational stage land use plan landscape. 29 -- 30

10.3 Control Measures for Traffic Movement………… 30 -- 30

13. Chapter-XI Summary & Conclusion

11.1 Project Description………………………………… 1 -- 5

11.2 Description of Environment………….……………. 5 -- 6

11.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures………………………………..

6

--

11

11.4 Environmental Monitoring Programme…..……… 11 -- 11

11.5 Project Benefit……………………………………... 11 -- 12

11.6 Environmental Management Plan……………….. 12 -- 12

11.7 Conclusion………………………………………….. 12 -- 12

14. Chapter-XII Disclosure of the Consultant Engaged

12.1 Name of Consultant………………………………. 1 -- 2

12.2 Brief Resume of the Consultants………………... 2 -- 2

12.3 Environment Division……………………………… 3 -- 3

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Job No.706135

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Sl. No.

Particulars Annexure No.

1. Copy of Mining Plan & Mine Closure Plan Approval Letter I

2. Copy of Forest Application Letter II

3. Copy of Public Hearing proceeding III

4. Copy of agreement of Power Supply IV

5. Copy of Central Ground Water Authority Application Letter V

LIST OF PLATES

Sl No. Particulars Plate

1. Location Plan I A & I B

2. Surface Master Plan II

3. Study area showing 10 Km Buffer zone III

4. Infrastructure plan showing 10 Km Buffer zone IV

5. Drainage Map showing the 10 Km Buffer zone V

6. Geological Plan VI

7. Geological Cross-section along DD’, and EE’. VIA

8. Contour plan showing 10 Km Buffer zone VII

9. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 3rd year VIII

10. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 5th year VIII A

11. Mine Stage Plan at the end of 10th year VIII B

12. Final Stage Dump Plan IX

13. Longitudinal and Traverse Cross Section of Final Stage Dump Plan IX A

14. Land Use Map X

15. Location of Air Sampling Locations XI

16. Location of Water Sampling Locations XII

17. Location of Noise Sampling Locations XIII

18. Location of Soil Sampling Locations XIV

19. Longitudinal & Traverse Cross- Section of mine XV

20. Final Mine Closure Plan XVI

21. Longitudinal and Traverse Cross Section of Final Mine Closure Plan XVI A

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Job No. 706135 Chapter – 1, Page - 1

Chapter – 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension OCP has been formulated

within Chaturdhara block in the Gopalpur Sector of Ib-valley coalfield. The

Chaturdhara block is located in north-western central part of Ib River coalfield of

Odisha, known as Gopalpur sector. This coalfield is the southern middle part of lower

Gondwana basin of Sone- Mahanadi Valley and occupies an area of about 1460

sq.km with potential coal bearing area of around 1050 sq.km. The Ib River coalfield

lies in between latitude 21o31’ to 22o14’ North and longitude 83o32’ to 84o10’ East

and falls mainly in Sundergarh, Jharsuguda and Sambalpur districts of Odisha. Coal

reserves of this coalfield are about 24.83 billion tonnes (as on 1.4.2015) of which

about 15.10 billion tonnes lie within a depth range of 300m.

Coal demand from Ib-valley coalfield has increased many fold due to its

strategic location with Howrah-Mumbai railway main line passing through the

coalfield. Coal of this coalfield is suitable for thermal power plants.

Many pit head power plants and other coal based plants have come up due to easy

availability of coal and water. The southern, western & central India power stations

have to depend on Ib valley coalfield for their growth. As Howrah-Mumbai rail line

passes through this coalfield, coal can be evacuated from this coalfield to western

India power houses via rail route. Coal to Tamil Nadu Electricity Board is also

supplied via rail-cum-sea route through Vishakhapatnam and Haldia ports. Coal can

easily move from this coalfield to Eastern India and Northern India as well. Necessary

infrastructures like rail and port facilities are being developed/ augmented in the

region.

The proximity of Ib-valley coalfield to Hirakud reservoir has generated a lot of

opportunities for setting-up super thermal power stations in the vicinity of the

coalfield.

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Gopalpur sector of Ib-valley coalfield forms the north western part of Ib River

coalfield has a huge mining potential. Detailed exploration was undertaken by CMPDI

to assess the quarriable potentiality of coal seams with primary view of opening up of

new mining projects to the extent possible. This sector has high potential for

opencast mining operations. Rail link from Jharsuguda to sardega has been

completed w.e.f 6th April 2018 facilitating quick evacuation of coal.

The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension OCP has been formulated

within Chaturdhara block in the Gopalpur Sector of Ib-valley coalfield. Basundhara

River separates Chaturdhara block from Basundhara block. Basundhara River is the

boundary of Siarmal-Basundhara block and Basundhara-Chaturdhara blocks. But

due to river Basundhara on western side, approach to Chaturdhara block has

become a major hurdle for its development. Initial overburden from proposed mine is

to be carried to void of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project. Barrier coal between

Basundhara and Chaturdhara to be left due to non diversion of Basundhara river.

Diversion of Basundhara river is not possible due to its perennial water supply to that

area.

The proposed mine lies on the west of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project

on the western side of Basundhara River. Basundhara (West) OC Expn. project is an

ongoing project with remaining life of few months. Basundhara (West) Extension

OCP will replace production of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project in future. To its

west lies the private captive block Rampia, to its south Chaturdhara nala and

Banapatra block, to its north incrop (floor line) of Rampur-I seam and to its east

Basundhara river and Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project.

The Project Report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) has

been approved by MCL Board on 28.02.2017.

The Mining Plan and Mine Closure Plan of Basundhara (West) Extension

OCP (8.75 Mty) has been approved by MoC vide Letter No. 4012/(04)/2011-CPAM

dated 22-03-2017.

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Form-I and Prefeasibility report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75

Mty) was discussed in 11th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on 30-

31st May, 2017 and 24th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on 11th Jan,

2018.

EAC had recommended Terms of Reference (TOR) for Basundhara (West)

Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb,

2018 issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi.

This EIA-EMP has been prepared by incorporating the compliance of the said

Terms of Reference (TOR).

1.2 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.2.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PROJECT

(a) Name & size of the project : Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty)

(i) Name of the project proponent

: Rajiv Kumar

Project Officer, Basundhara(W) and Basundhra(W)

Extn. OCP.

Mailing Address : Mahanadi Coalfields Limited,

P.O : Basundhara,

Dist. : Sundergarh, Pin-– 770076 (Odisha)

E-mail : [email protected]

Telephone : 0663-2542084 , 06621-286137

Fax No. : 0663-2542257 , 06621-286144

(b) Objective of the project : To bridge the over all deficit of coal availability over

demand of MCL.

(c) Nature of the project

(i) New mine : Yes

(ii) Expansion : No

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Increase in ML area

: No

Increase in annual production

: No

(iii) Renewal of ML : No.

(iv) Modernisation : No.

(d) Location / Site of the Project

:

(i) Name of the Villages : Gopalpur (Telendih), Ratansara

(ii) Tehsil : Himgir

(iii) District : Sundergarh

(iv) State : Odisha

(e) Main consumer : Power Houses and Basket Linkage

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

TOR has been obtained for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty)

vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb, 2018 issued by MoEF&CC,

New Delhi.

The scope of studies broadly covers the following:

(a) Study area and project profile

(b) Present / existing environmental scenario

(c) Anticipated Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures

(d) Analysis of alternative technology.

(e) Environmental Monitoring Programme.

(f) Additional studies

I. Risk Assessment and Management

II. Social Impact and R&R Action Plan

III. Greenbelt Development Plan

IV. Public Consultation

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(g) Project benefits

(h) Environmental cost benefit analysis

(i) Summary and conclusion

1.4 SOURCES AND TYPE OF DATA

This report has been formulated using the various data from the following

sources:

Sl. Type of Data Source

1 Mining and economic parameters

Mining Plan for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) December 2016.

2 Base line air , water & effluent quality and noise level data

Baseline data had been generated by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726.

3 Socio-economic details of core and buffer zones

Primary and secondary survey (Census of India 2011, (Odisha) and Collection of site specific data) by M/s VRDS Consultants, 30 Anna Street, V R Nagar Korattur, Chennai-600080 (Tamil Nadu).

4 Taxonomic enumeration of flora and fauna of core and buffer zones

Information from the study carried out for Siarmal OCP by M/s VRDS Consultants, 30 Anna Street, V R Nagar Korattur, Chennai-600080 (Tamil Nadu).

5 Surface hydrology and hydrogeology

Report on Hydrology of Ib Valley Coalfield, by CMPDI, RI-VII, Bhubaneswar and information from Central Ground Water Board, Bhubaneswar.

6 Climatic and micro-meteorological data

Long-term data obtained from IMD, Bhubaneswar for Jharsuguda IMD Observatory have been used and site specific micro-meteorological data by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726

7 Details of village-wise project affected persons and families

From Office of GM (Basundhara Garjanbahal) Area of MCL.

8 Land use/cover details of Talcher coalfield

Satellite Data based on IRS-R-2/L-IV of the year 2018 from CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi.

9 Baseline data on soil quality

By M/S Ecomen Laboratories Pvt Ltd, Flat Nos. 5-8, 2nd Floor, Arif Chamber-V, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024, UP. Phone- 0522-2746282 Fax- 0522-2745726

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Job No.706135 Chapter – 2, Page - 1

Chapter – 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 STUDY AREA PROFILE

2.1.1 LOCATION OF THE BLOCK (PLATE NO.IA & IB)

Coalfield Ib Valley coalfield

Area Basundhara

Tahsil Himgir

District Sundergarh

Latitudes 22o03'41.14" to 22o04'41.75" N

Longitudes 83o40'22.90" to 83o42'18.75" E

Toposheet No. 64 N/12 (RF 1:50,000)

2.1.2 COMMUNICATION (Plate III & IV)

Sl. Item Distance

1. Nearest revenue town & Dist. HQ

Sundergarh (46 km)

2. Connection to the State Capital 450 km to Bhubaneswar via NH-55

3. Connection to the company HQrs, Burla

150 km via Sundergarh, Jharsuguda, Sambalpur

4. Nearest railhead Himgir railway station on Mumbai – Howrah line of South Eastern railway is at a distance of about 35 km.

5. Airport Jharsuguda Airport is at a distance of about 60 km.

2.1.3 TOPHOGRAPHY (PLATE-III)

The block under reference is represented by forest land, river and paddy

field. Major part of the block is however, covered by forest land. Basundhara river,

flowing north-south to the east of the eastern boundary of the block seperates the

blocks from Basundhara block. Chaturdhara nala flowing west to east in the southern

boundary of the block separates the blocks from Siarmal /Banapatra blocks

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The general topography of the block is undulating and is mostly forest land

and some patches of barren lands are also featuring in the block. The general

altitude of the block is varying from 270 metres to 334 metres.

2.1.4 BLOCK BOUNDARY

The block boundary of Basundhara (West) is given below:

North : Incrop (floor line) of Rampur I seam. West : Rampia block. East : Basundhara River and Basundhara West block. South : Chaturdara Nala and Banapatra block. 2.1.5 SURFACE DRAINAGE PATTERN AT MINE SITE (PLATE-V)

The ground slopes generally towards east and north-east and the drainage is

through small streams, which in turn feed to river Basundhara. Basundhara river is

flowing north-west to south-east and ultimately drained into Ib river.

2.1.6 EMBANKMENT AND / OR WEIR CONSTRUCTION

No embankment/weir construction is proposed is proposed for this project.

2.1.7 DISTANCE FROM WATER BODIES

Table 2.1

S.No. Water body Approx. distance

1. Basundhara River Adjacent (E)

2. Telendra Nala 94 m (S)

3. Barhajharia Nala 230 m (W)

4. Bhaina Jhor 3.4 km (NE)

5. Ichcha Nadi 8.65 Km (NE)

6. Albahal Jhor 6.64 Km (SW)

2.1.8 LOCATION OF ML AREA IN SEISMIC ZONE

(a) Severity (Richter scale) : Zone-II

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(b) Impact, i.e. damage to

Life : No

Property : No

Existing mine : No

2.2 PROJECT PROFILE 2.2.1 TYPE OF THE PROJECT

It is a new opencast project.

2.2.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR OPENING OF THE PROJECT:

To meet the increasing demand of power in the country, more and more

super thermal power stations are being planned in western, northern and eastern

India, majority of which are coal based and may be linked from Ib-valley coalfield.

Power Houses of Punjab State Electricity Board, Haryana State Electricity Board

have also been linked to MCL and will be supplied coal from this coalfield. The New

Power houses of TNEB, KPCL, WBPDCL, CESC and DVC are also linked to the

coalfield.

The consumers of MCL are linked to the company and not to any specific

coalfield. The actual supply from any coalfield of MCL will depend upon the

production and transport logistics. Under the above circumstances coalfield wise

demand has been assessed. The projected coal demand on MCL from Ib-valley

coalfield is given below.

Table 2.2 : Projected coal demand on MCL from Ib-valley coalfield (Fig. in Mt)

Sl. No Particulars 2021-22 2026-27

1 Total Demand on MCL 244.83 274.134

2 Projected coal demand on Ib-valley coalfield

97.93 120.56

3 Coal Availability 73.82 85.32

Gap (-)24.11 (-)35.24

From the above table, it can be seen that all the operative mines in the

coalfield along with the new projects will not be able to meet the future demand.

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Hence, considering the demand of coal and quarriable potential of the blocks,

formulation of the proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast Project for rated

capacity of 8.75 Mty is justified.

2.2.3 DESCRIPTION OF CORE ZONE

The total land required for mining operations in proposed project i.e. core zone

will be around 323.92 ha involving 227.62 ha of forest land. The core zone of the

project comprising of excavation zone, infrastructure area, safety zone for blasting,

etc., covers partly and/or fully the land from two (2) villages namely,

Gopalpur(Telendih) and Ratansara.

2.2.4 DESCRIPTION OF BUFFER ZONE

The buffer zone i.e. area within 10 km radius from the periphery of the project

boundary.

Basundhara (West) OC, Kulda OC and Garjanbahal OCP are located in buffer

zone.

Basundhara river flows adjacent to mine and Telendra nala is 94 m away.

The reserve forests falling in the buffer zone are Kalatpani RF, Jamkani RF,

Garjanpahar RF, Garjanjor RF, Burhapaharh RF, Banjhikachhar RF,

Garhaghat RF, Kurumkel RF, Aradlungri RF.

Ecologically sensitive areas such as national park, sanctuary, biosphere, etc.

are not present within 10 km radius from the project.

2.2.5 GEOLOGY (PLATE NO. VI, VIA)

"Geological Report on Chaturdhara Block, Ib-River Coalfield," Odisha, was

prepared by CMPDI in March, 1991.

A total of 55 boreholes have been drilled within the area involving a total

meterage of 4196.45m. (Excluding 1 borehole no. HGR - 18 drilled by GSI involving

164.10m.) in an area of 3.57 sq.km. Coal bearing area is 3.57 sq.km out of which

major part is covered by forest. The borehole density/sq.km is about 15.4.

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The geological succession of Ib Valley and Stratigraphic succession of Chaturdhara Block is given below:

Geological Succession of Ib Valley

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Age Formation Lithology Thickness in metre

Recent Alluvium, Laterite, gravels and / sub-recent conglomerate. Upper Kamthi (Upper) Pebbly sandstone, ferrugenous Permian sandstone and red shales. Upto 100 ----------------------------------------------- Unconformity ---------------------------------------------- | Kamthi (Middle) Fine grained sandstone, silt- | or Raniganj stone, coal seams (thin). 60 - 80 Upper | Permian | | Kamthi (Lower) or Grey shales, carbonaceous | Barren Measures shales, sandstone, clay and | ironstone nodules. 300 | Barakar Grey sandstone, carbonaceous | shale, silt stone with thick Lower | coal seams and fire clay. 300-600 Permian | | Karharbari Black carbonaceous sandstone, | pebble bed, coal seams 90 - 125 Upper Talchir Diamictite, greenish Carboni- sandstone, olive and chocolate ferous shales, rhythmites. 60 - 150 ------------------------------------------------ Unconformity ---------------------------------------------- Pre- cambrian Metamorphics Granite, Gneisses, Schists, etc. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Stratigraphic Succession of Chaturdhara Block

Age Formation Lithology

Recent/ - Soil, alluvium.

Sub-recent

Barakar Fine to coarse grained sandstone, micaceous at places,

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carb shale, greyshale, fire clay, sandy shale, alternate Lower shale and sand stone with thick Permian coal seams.

Karharbari Carbonaceous medium grained sandstone with undecomposed feldspar pieces, coarse grained to pebbly and gritty sandstone with impersistent coal seam.

Upper Talchir Fine to medium grained greenish

Carbo- sandstone & green shale. niferous ------------------------------------ Unconformity ---------------------------------

----------- Pre-

Metam

orphics

Granite, mica schists and

cambrian gneisses.

Precambrians are exposed in north of the area and have been encountered in

5 boreholes. Talchirs are exposed as a very thin strip in north eastern part of the

block. It has been intersected in 17 boreholes. Conclusive exposures of Karharbari

formation have not been traced in the area. However, the formation has been

encountered in 7 boreholes. Barakars are well exposed over considerable part of the

block comprising both Rampur and Lajkura group of seams.

Structure

The behaviour of strata is smooth with minor undulations. The strike is roughly

E-W which gradually turns to ESE-WNW in the western part of the block. The dip is

southerly and varies from 6° to 8°. Extreme values of 4° and 11° have, however,

been recorded on the surface along southern bank of Chaturdhara nala in the

eastern and western part of the area respectively.

No positive evidence of any fault anywhere within the block has been observed

either during mapping or in the boreholes. However possibility of occurrence of minor

faults/slips of less than 5 metres throw, cannot be ruled out.

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2.3 MINE TARGET, LIFE AND RESERVE

Table 2.3

Particulars

Mine target (Mt) 8.75 Mty

Year of achieving peak targeted production Year - 3

Project life (Years) 12

Minable Reserve (Mt) 92.73

Overburden (M.cum.) 97.22

External OB dump There is no external OB dump

2.4 MINE DETAILS

Mine Boundary Considering the river on its east and nala on the south, mine boundaries

have been fixed and are given below.

North : Incrop of Rampur-I seam.

East : Surface boundary is arrived after leaving 60m surface barrier against Basundhara River and straightening/ smoothening in the south east corner.

South : Surface boundary is fixed after leaving surface barrier of

60m against Chaturdhara nala.

West : Surface boundary is arrived after leaving 7.5m gap from the western block boundary of Chaturdhara block.

Details of Sequence of Coal Seam and Parting

Ib seam is the bottom most seam and occurs in workable thickness range

over a small part only of the block area. It has attained workable thickness only in two

boreholes located in eastern part of the block.

Lajkura seam occurs at the top and is incroping on the dipside edge of the

block and has not been studied in detail because of its restricted occurrence within

60m barrier zone of the Chaturdhara nala. It incrops over a small zone of the quarry’s

southern boundary and thereby not considered.

Rampur seam underlying Lajkura seam and overlying Ib seam occurs in six

splits and is considered the only workable seams for the proposed project. The

seams in ascending order are RAMPUR-I, RAMPUR-II, RAMPUR-III, RAMPUR-IVB,

RAMPUR-IV and RAMPUR-V.

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All these seams are of considerable thickness. Gradewise, seamwise

reserves of all these have been estimated.

The seam thickness and parting are given below.

Thickness and Parting

Seams Thickness range (m)

RAMPUR-I 4 - 6

Parting 0.10 - 2.99

RAMPUR-II 2 - 4

Parting 0.1 - 3.0

RAMPUR-III 4 - 6

Parting 1.82 - 7.14

RAMPUR-IVB 1 - 2

Parting 3.44 - 15.95

RAMPUR-IV 11 - 15

Parting 0.43 - 7.60

RAMPUR-V 2 - 3

Top OB 5.80 - 70

An average coal grade G12 to G13 has been considered for the coal seams

in the proposed project.

Geo-mining characteristics of proposed mine is given below:

Table 2.4 : Geo Mining Characteristics

Sl. No. Particulars Unit As per PR (8.75 Mty)

1 Area

i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05

ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35

2 Mineable Reserve Mt 92.73

3 Overburden M cum 97.22

4 Stripping ratio M3/t 1.05

5 Annual production Mt 8.75

6 Life of quarry Yrs. 12

7 Strike length

i) Minimum m 951

ii) Maximum m 2757

8 Depth of quarry

i) Minimum m 3

ii) Maximum m 116

9 Avg. seam thickness m 24.05

10 Gradient - 30 - 80

11 Quarry perimeter Total m 8653.82

* This includes split sections.

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Table 2.4(a) : Coal Sample Analysis (value in PPM)

Hg As Se Pb Cr Co Cu Ne Zn Mg

Coal Sample ND 1.64 0.37 52.67 65.52 16.06 33.23 55.79 162.39 109.02

N.D : Not detected. Agency : Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Dhanbad.

This is a new mine, coal sample analysis was done for Lajkura seam for

Lajkura OCP. The coal sample analysis for this mine will be done after opening of the

mine. Both seams (Lajkura and Rampur) are contemporary in occurrence.

2.5 TYPE AND METHOD OF MINING OPERATIONS

Type Method

Opencast

Mechanized

Coal Winning & transportation - Major coal production

(90 %) will be done by using 3800mm drum dia surface

miners, 5-7 cum front end loaders and 60t rear dumpers.

OB Removal & Transportation - 10 cum rope shovel with

100 T dumpers have been envisaged for removal of top

overburden and thick parting between Rampur & Lajkura

coal horizon .

Other thin partings within Lajkura and Rampur seams will

be removed by 5.5-6.5 cum hydraulic shovels/backhoe with

60T dumpers/ ripper-dozer.

2.6 GRADE OF COAL

The average grade of coal is G12.

2.7 OTHER PARAMETERS OF THE PROJECT

Main Consumer :

Power Houses and Basket Linkage

Manpower :

The total manpower required for the project is 854.

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Pumping and Drainage :

The pumping system has been designed to dewater the inflow of water due

to precipitation falling within the active pit limit during the monsoon season to enable

the mining activity to continue round the year.

Coal and OB working faces and the haul roads shall be maintained free of

water as far as possible. Water garland drains shall be developed in advance for

each stage of mine working so that water is collected by the garland drains.

Power supply:

This project will receive power at 33kV by double circuit overhead

transmission line with wolf conductor from 4-pole structure of existing 2X3.15 MVA,

33/6.6 kV substation of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project. It is proposed to install

project substation near the mine. The substation will consist of 33kV outdoor

switchyard, control room & 6.6kV outgoing arrangement. The two 6.6 kV switch

boards will cater exclusively to HEMM, Pumping, lighting, colony & water supply and

workshop etc.

CHP & Dispatch arrangement:

The proposed Basundhara (West) extension OCP is planned to have a

capacity of 8.75 Mty. Total life of the project is 12 years. The entire production of coal

will be blast free coal size of (-) 100mm and the same will be dispatched from coal

face to new constructed Sardega siding (adjacent to mine lease) by departmental

dumpers.

Workshop and Store

The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast mine is planned to

have a capacity to handle the production of 8.75 Mty from the mine. The space of

existing workshop and stores of Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project will be utilized

for the proposed project. It is proposed to deploy additional equipment for both

HEMM and E&M workshop to cater the increased production and shall be

accommodated within the existing workshop premises.

It is proposed that repairing and maintenance of the HEMM and E&M

equipment will be done in the additional workshop provided for the proposed project.

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Civil Construction

Civil works for proposed project consists of mainly residential buildings for

additional provision of 223 quarters as required for extra manpower, HEMM

workshop for extra HEMM, colony roads (length - 1486 m), haul roads (length - 3500

m),and coal transportation road (length- 1500 m) etc. A new bridge will be

constructed on Basundhara river for transportation of coal and to connect with

Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project for OB back filling in the void of the

Basundhara (West) OC Expn. Project, utilization of HEMM work shop and other

facilities.

Water Demand and Supply Arrangement

Water Demand

Potable (in Kld) 500

Industrial (in Kld) 1510

Total (in Kld) 2010

The potable water requirement will be met from Basundhara (East) OCP old

Quarry. Industrial water demand will be met initially from Basundhara (West) OCP

sump water and after stabilization of proposed mine, the water will be used from its

own mine sump.

2.8 PROPOSED PRODUCTION SCHEDULE, OB REMOVAL AND DUMPING PROGRAMME (PLATE NO- VIII, VIIIA & VIIIB)

Table 2.5: Coal Production and OB Removal Programme

YEAR Coal

(In Mt) Total OB

(In M.cum) SR

(In cum/t)

Yr 1 1.50 2.18 1.45

Yr 2 5.50 3.89 0.71

Yr 3 8.75 6.83 0.78

Yr 4 8.75 7.65 0.87

Yr 5 8.75 10.05 1.15

Yr 6 8.75 10.83 1.24

Yr 7 8.75 10.81 1.24

Yr 8 8.75 10.84 1.24

Yr 9 8.75 10.98 1.26

Yr 10 8.75 11.04 1.26

Yr 11 8.75 10.75 1.23

Yr 12 6.98 1.37 0.20

TOTAL 92.73 97.22 1.05

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Table 2.6: Internal & external Dumping Schedule

(All figs. in Mcum)

Year of Operation

Programmed total coal

Programmed total OB

OB to internal dump-I*

OB to internal dump

Yr 1 1.50 2.18 2.18 --

Yr 2 5.50 3.89 3.89 --

Yr 3 8.75 6.83 1.59 5.24

Yr 4 8.75 7.65 -- 7.65

Yr 5 8.75 10.05 -- 10.05

Yr 6 8.75 10.83 -- 10.83

Yr 7 8.75 10.81 -- 10.81

Yr 8 8.75 10.84 -- 10.84

Yr 9 8.75 10.98 -- 10.98

Yr 10 8.75 11.04 -- 11.04

Yr 11 8.75 10.75 -- 10.75

Yr 12 6.98 1.37 -- 1.37

TOTAL 92.73 97.22 7.66 89.56

*Internal dump of Basundhara(W) Expn. OCP

2.9 LAND MANAGEMENT (PLATE NO. - IX)

(I) PRE- MINING LAND USE DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Table 2.7: Pre-mining land use

(Area in Ha)

Sl. No.

Type of Land Within ML area (Ha)

Outside ML area (Ha)

Total Area (Ha)

1 Agricultural/Tenancy 51.29 -- 51.29

2 Waste land / Govt.land 45.01 45.85 90.86

3 Forest Land 227.62 -- 227.62

4 Grazing -- -- --

5 Surface water bodies -- -- --

Total : 323.92 45.85 369.77

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(II) DETAILS OF LAND REQUIREMENT

Table 2.8: Details of Land Requirement

Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total (Area in Ha)

Excavation Area 207.30 92.57 299.87

Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48

Infrastructure 17.57 -- 17.57

External OB dumps -- -- --

Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92

Rehabilitation site -- 45.85 45.85

Outside Lease Area -- 45.85 45.85

TOTAL (Area in Ha) 227.62 142.15 369.77

(III) POST- CLOSURE SCENARIO

Table 2.9: Post-Closure Land use

Sl. No.

Land Use during Mining

Land Use (Ha)

Plantation Water- Body

Public Use

Undisturbed/ Dip side slope

Total (Ha)

1 External OB Dump Nil --

2 Top Soil Dump Will be spread concurrently in the backfilled area --

3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87

4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57

5 Green Belt 6.48 -- -- -- 6.48

Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92

Note: Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the lease area.

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2.10 REQUIREMENT OF HEMM

Table 2.10: List of HEMM

SL. NO. EQUIPMENT NAME SIZE TOTAL REQUIREMENT

NO.

A. OVERBURDEN

1 ELC. HYD. SHOVEL 10.0-12.0 cum. 1

2 ELC. ROPE SHOVEL 5.0 cum 1

3 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 5.0 cum 1

4 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 2.5-3.0 cum. 2

5 REAR DUMPER 100 T 7



8 ELC.R.B.H.DRILL 250 mm 2

9 DIESEL DRILL 160 mm. 6

10 DOZER with RIPPER ATTACHEMENT

860 HP 1

11 DOZER 410 HP 4

B. COAL

1 SURFACE MINER 3000-3800 mm. 2

2 F. E. LOADER 5-6 cum. 4


4 REAR DUMPER 50T 9

5 DOZER 410 H.P. 3

6 WHEEL DOZER 300 H.P. 1

C. COMMON

1 GRADER 280 H.P. 2

2 CRANE 40T 1

3 HYDRAULIC MOBILE CRANE 20 T 2

4 TYRE MOUNTED CRANE 8 T 3

5 DIESEL HYD. BACKHOE 1.5-1.7cum. 2

6 F.E. LOADER 1.5-2 cum 2

7 FUEL BOWSER

2

8 FIRE TRUCK

1

9 MAINTENANCE VAN

1

10 WATER SPRINKLER 28 KL 4

11 TYRE HANDLER

1

12 FORK LIFT

1

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2.11 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC DENSITY (OUTSIDE THE ML AREA)

Type of vehicles No. of vehicles per day

Two wheelers 400

Light Motar Vehicle 84

Heavy Vehicles (Tippers) 80

2.12 MINERAL(S) TRANSPORTATION (OUTSIDE THE ML AREA)

Table 2.11: Mode of transport

Sl. No. Mode of transport Total for 8.75 Mty

Qty. (in TPD) Percentage (%)

a) Road & Rail 26515 100%

b) Conveyors

c) Ropeway -- --

d) Waterways -- --

e) Pipeline -- --

f) Others (specify) -- --

Total 26515 100

2.13 CONSTRUCTION OF RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE 33.0 Km long Jharsuguda – Barpalli - Sardega rail link & doubling of

Jharsuguda - Barpalli Rail link at an estimated cost of Rs. 2431.00 Cr. is under

progress, Single line construction has been completed.

2.14 LITIGATION / PENDING CASES

The Rehabilitation and resettlement in the two villages is being carried out

under the direction of “Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the

purpose.

2.15 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ISSUES

MCL has full-fledged medical set up to check up and monitor all the

Occupational diseases endangering the health of the workmen. The periodical

medical examination of all the workmen will be carried out as per statute with the

purpose of detecting and keeping records of diseases with specific importance to

Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis.

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2.16 DIVERSION/RECHANNELING OF NALLAH/CANAL/RIVER/ROAD

No road, stream, nala etc. are proposed to be diverted for the proposed

Project.

2.17 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT The following villages are likely to be affected due to mining & its related

activities:

Name of Village Project affected families Project affected people

Gopalpur (P) 105 283

Ratansara* 117 468

Total 222 751

*The compensation for the village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble

Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on

16.01.2016 & partly completed, the rest is yet to be completed due to non-cooperation of villagers.

These families will be resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and

economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006 under the

direction of “Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court.

2.18 USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

This is an opencast mine. No timber is used for the operation of the

mine.

The minimum water requirement has been assessed as the water

demand for this project and necessary approval for drawing the water

from the competent authority will be obtained.

The minimum Land has been considered for the mining activities for this

project.

Optimum Electrical Energy requirement has been assessed in the

project report.

Fuel consumption has been assessed for the Coal & OB as per norms.

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2.19 SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION Adequate provisions have been made for safe working of the mine in form of

design of operational systems, provision of safety measures for safe use of

explosives, electricity and HEMM etc. Sufficient financial provisions have been made

under different heads for procurement of necessary safety equipment.

Adequate skilled & trained manpower has also been provided, for compliance

of safety provisions. Regular training/refresher courses, "on job" training shall be

conducted & mock rehearsals shall be made to make the manpower conversant with

various rules, regulations, methods of prevention & combat with hazards.

Sufficient provision has been made in the approved Project Report for the

prevention & control of fire in the project store, both E&M & HEMM workshops & sub-

stations by way of installing fire extinguishers of right type & size. Timely inspection &

refilling of fire extinguishers will be done.

The exposed ends of the coal seams and OB shall be left with a safe slope to

avoid slope failure and collapse of benches. Similarly, at the end of mining operation,

safe terminal pit slope is provided to avoid pit failure. Detailed site specific tests for

slope stability shall be carried out and site specific parameters determined.

Site mixed slurry (SMS) has been proposed to be used for good

fragmentation and obviate storage of bulk quantum of explosives.

For proper blasting and minimizing the adverse side effects due to blasting

viz. noise, ground vibration, back-breaks, air blast and fly rocks etc., the optimal blast

design parameters are suggested to be used, after field trials.

2.20 ECONOMIC PARAMETERS

Total Capital investment - Rs. 755.13 Crs.

Estimated capital investment on EIA/EMP - Rs. 93.37 Crs.

Estimated cost of Mine Closure - Rs. 36.46 Crs. @ 5% Annual compound interest

Estimated CSR cost - Rs.18.54 Crs. @ Rs.2/te of coal produced. (Revenue Expenditure)

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However, fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of the average net

profit of the company for the three immediate preceding financial years or Rs. 2.00

per tonne of coal production of the previous year whichever is higher.

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Chapter–3

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

The present environmental scenario has been described in this chapter with

respect of ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level measurement,

land use/cover pattern, socio-economic scenario, bio-diversity, hydrogeology and

places of religious, historical archaeological importance.

3.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Baseline data w.r.t ambient air quality had been generated by Ecomen

Labroteries Pvt Ltd, Lucknow during 4th November 2017 to 3rd February 2018. The

data has been given in this chapter with the following objectives:

To assess the present air quality in the buffer zone to provide the basis

for study of short-term as well as long-term trends of pollutant

concentration when the mine will reach its full production capacity.

To provide the baseline data for subsequent development of air

pollution prevention and control programme. The present ambient air

quality assessment deals with the following items:

Inventory of existing pollution sources.

Present ambient air quality study.

Climate

The area experiences a sub-tropical warm temperature. About 70% of rainfall

occurs during rainy season i.e. June to Sept. As per IMD data of Jharuguda 2016 the

highest 24 hourly rainfall occurs in the month of August 63.20 mm. The temperature

varies from 7.7oC to 38.9oC. The predominant wind direction is SW to NW.

Micro Meteorological Condition

A micro meteorological station has been installed for the Project over the roof

of Basundhara Guest House during the study period (4th November 2017 to 3rd

February 2018). The predominant wind direction has been observed from S to N

during the study period. The average wind speed was 0.57 m/s and 67.93 % calm

conditions were prevailing in study area.

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Figure 3.1: Windrose diagram showing predominant wind direction

3.2.1 INVENTORY OF EXISTING POLLUTION SOURCES

The existing pollution sources along with the pollutants are given belows:

Table-3.1: Inventory of existing pollution sources

Source Major

Pollutants

(A) From existing OCPs/OCMs

Drilling, blasting, transportation, loading and unloading of OB and

coal, OB dump formation, OB dump and coal stack surfaces,

movement of vehicles, operation of HEMMs besides fire in coal faces

and coal stacks

PM10, PM2.5,

SO2 and NOX

(B) Non-mining activities

Road traffic and burning of fuel for domestic purposes PM10, PM2.5,

SO2 and NOX

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The mining and other industrial activities along with non-mining activities like

road traffic, burning of coal for domestic and commercial purposes, etc. are the

potential sources of the ambient air pollution in the area.

3.2.2 PRESENT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STUDY

Present air quality data have been generated as per the guidelines of CPCB

and in line with Point No.21(b) of the Questionnaire (Proforma for Environmental

Appraisal of Mining Projects) and as per the ToR issued by MoEF&CC. Twenty four

(24) hourly data have been generated for each parameter i.e. PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX,

at each monitoring station for two days in a week for four consecutive weeks in a

month for three months i.e. 4th Nov 2017 to 3rd Feb 2018. Heavy metals (As, Ni, Pb,

Cd, Cr, Hg) were monitored for once in a month at each station.

Location of air sampling stations

To assess the ambient air quality, sampling stations were fixed on the basis

of meteorological parameters like predominant wind direction based on IMD

data and wind speeds besides physiography of the area. The locations of air

sampling stations are shown in Plate No.-XI and the details are given in the

Table-3.2.

Table-3.2: Description of Air Sampling Spots

SI. No.

Location Name

Coordinates of the Location Classified

Area Distance/Direction

In Km Easting Northing

1.0 Telendih 777306.37 2442315.95 Core Zone ---

2.0 Tiklipara 783238.97 2442232.65 Buffer Zone 3.7 km, SE

3.0 Rampia 776886.22 2447783.14 Buffer Zone 2.7 km, NW

4.0 Sumura 778927.98 2447480.71 Buffer Zone 4.5 km, N

5.0 Chakarpur 779234.67 2438282.69 Buffer Zone 4.14 km, S

6.0 Kanikalan 784085.00 2445241.00 Buffer Zone 6.9 km, NE

7.0 Mundelkhet 771190.00 2442143.00 Buffer Zone 4.41 km, W

8.0 Ghogharpali 773066.86 2444761.38 Buffer Zone 3.30 km, N

9.0 Patrapalli 776649.38 2440053.12 Buffer Zone 2.40 km, S

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Methodology and instruments used for air quality analysis

It is given in the following table:

Table 3.3: Methodology & Instruments used for Air Quality Analysis

Sl.

No. Parameters Method Instruments

1. PM10, PM2.5 IS:5182 (Part-IV)

(Gravimetric method)

Respirable dust

samplers, electronic

balance, oven, etc.

2. SO2 IS:5182 (Part-II) (Sodium

tetrachloromercurate method, also

known as improved West and Gaeke

Method) (Photometric method)

Spectrophotometer.

3. NOX IS:5182 (Part-VI)

(Jacob & Hoccheiser Modified

Method) (Photometric method)

-do-

Parameters for monitoring

The following parameters were monitored for assessment of air quality :

Particulate matter (PM10)

Particulate matter (PM2.5)

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Nitrogen oxides (NOX)

Heavy metal (Pb, As,Ni, Hg,Cr, Cd) (Once in a month)

Frequency of air sampling

Air samples were collected as per guidelines of CPCB at 24 hourly intervals

for two days in a week for four (4) consecutive weeks in a month for all the

three months i.e., NOV 2017 to FEB 2018. Heavy metal sample collected

once in a month during study period.

Results

The analytical results of air samples are given in Table-3.4 to 3.14. The

analytical results are also summarised below in the following table.

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(A) Table – 3.4 : Summary of Ambient Air Quality Data for Nov 2017 to Feb 2018

Units in (µg/m3)

Village Brief Statistics PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2

Telendih Village

Maximum 98.54 57.80 18.25 34.43

Minimum 70.90 28.90 14.60 25.10

Mean 85.57 39.39 16.67 29.51

98 percentile 98.42 56.70 18.24 33.64

Tiklipara Village

Maximum 89.70 48.90 18.89 32.87

Minimum 62.50 24.77 14.98 24.33

Mean 75.10 34.29 17.02 29.64

98 percentile 89.15 48.38 18.78 32.82

Rampia Village

Maximum 85.40 50.65 21.70 30.90

Minimum 65.76 26.66 8.40 12.80

Mean 75.30 36.50 15.34 23.82

98 percentile 85.00 50.28 21.05 30.25

Sumura Village

Maximum 82.60 44.78 17.09 27.86

Minimum 60.65 27.60 13.87 25.32

Mean 73.20 33.28 15.88 26.44

98 percentile 81.80 44.19 17.04 27.83

Chakarpur Village

Maximum 90.80 57.50 17.95 27.99

Minimum 69.66 26.77 14.20 23.31

Mean 79.35 37.76 15.90 25.15

98 percentile 90.75 56.55 17.88 27.96

Kanikalan Village

Maximum 91.22 56.74 21.10 29.33

Minimum 64.47 33.89 8.56 11.80

Mean 76.91 45.67 14.04 20.54

98 percentile 89.72 55.70 20.49 29.02

Muderkhet Village

Maximum 90.30 55.90 21.71 30.22

Minimum 65.87 28.55 9.99 16.39

Mean 78.58 37.19 16.15 23.12

98 percentile 90.25 52.94 21.29 30.01

Ghogharpalli Village

Maximum 90.70 52.65 17.99 34.89

Minimum 67.00 28.77 15.20 26.95

Mean 79.42 38.15 16.71 29.91

98 percentile 90.05 50.76 17.90 33.56

Patrapalli Village

Maximum 85.70 47.45 17.99 28.98

Minimum 60.70 25.76 13.98 23.70

Mean 75.35 34.99 15.40 26.15

98 percentile 85.52 46.56 17.38 28.64

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(B) Heavy Metals Results of Heavy Metal analysis are as follows:

Table – 3.4 a : Analysis of Heavy Metals in PM10 Samples

Monitoring Station: Telendih Village

Month Units Nov. Dec. Jan. Standards

Date of Sampling

20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18

Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 (24 hourly)

Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0(Annual)

Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)

Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 --

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 --

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 --

Monitoring Station: Tiklipara Village


Date of Sampling

22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18




Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Rampia Village


Date of Sampling

20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18




Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

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Monitoring Station: Kanikalan Village


Date of Sampling

18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18



Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) 1.5 <1.0 <1.0 20(Annual)

Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Barpali Village


Date of Sampling

22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18


Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0 (Annual)

Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20 (Annual)

Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Chakarpur Village


Date of Sampling

18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18


Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6.0 (Annual)

Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 20 (Annual)

Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Ghogharpali Village


Date of Sampling

20-11-17 18-12-17 16-01-18




Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

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Monitoring Station: Mundelkhet Village


Date of Sampling

22-11-17 20-12-17 18-01-18




Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Sumura village


Date of Sampling

14-11-17 27-12-17 07-01-18




Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Monitoring Station: Patrapalli Village


Date of Sampling

18-11-17 16-12-17 19-01-18




Mercury (Hg) (ng/m3) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Chromium (Cr) (µg/m3) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) (µg/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

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Table-3.5: Base Line Air Quality Data

Telendih Village

Units in µg/m3

Date PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2

06.11.2017 92.50 43.20 14.80 27.90

07.11.2017 94.60 55.60 14.60 28.00

13.11.2017 78.88 35.70 15.20 29.60

14.11.2017 90.80 44.20 16.44 27.40

20.11.2017 85.90 57.80 15.20 26.70

21.11.2017 98.30 51.20 14.92 28.97

27.11.2017 84.30 44.60 16.87 30.88

28.11.2017 76.90 41.70 17.20 32.85

04.12.2017 70.90 40.94 17.45 31.66

05.12.2017 88.90 38.90 18.22 34.43

11.12.2017 89.85 37.50 17.33 32.01

12.12.2017 77.30 33.80 18.21 30.45

18.12.2017 79.89 31.89 18.11 32.05

19.12.2017 80.85 39.80 17.32 28.89

25.12.2017 87.55 35.70 16.20 27.99

26.12.2017 80.99 32.45 17.48 29.80

01.01.2018 98.54 35.10 18.04 30.88

02.01.2018 91.90 33.80 18.25 30.09

08.01.2018 76.30 28.90 17.89 29.12

09.01.2018 90.70 40.60 16.50 27.87

15.01.2018 84.44 30.40 15.42 25.10

16.01.2018 86.80 40.10 16.40 28.30

22.01.2018 90.98 32.60 15.85 27.80

23.01.2018 79.44 30.80 16.02 29.05

29.01.2018 76.89 37.20 17.54 30.88

30.01.2018 90.50 49.70 16.00 28.70

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI



Tiklipara Village

Units in µg/m3

DATE PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2

08.11.2017 70.40 36.66 17.66 32.11

09.11.2017 70.80 34.14 16.32 30.33

15.11.2017 66.50 24.77 17.20 31.20

16.11.2017 69.80 26.75 17.43 31.03

22.11.2017 82.70 41.76 18.30 32.76

23.11.2017 85.90 47.85 18.44 32.10

29.11.2017 69.40 28.33 16.21 30.98

30.11.2017 73.60 36.64 16.65 30.43

06.12.2017 66.67 29.15 16.32 29.89

07.12.2017 88.60 30.88 17.09 31.70

13.12.2017 70.70 32.75 18.89 32.40

14.12.2017 77.40 34.66 18.28 32.05

20.12.2017 66.40 26.88 18.67 32.87

21.12.2017 70.90 29.98 17.98 30.11

27.12.2017 64.65 27.56 18.03 31.55

28.12.2017 88.38 48.90 18.32 32.50

03.01.2018 79.40 28.96 17.98 29.77

04.01.2018 70.30 29.80 16.88 28.88

10.01.2018 62.50 26.87 15.56 27.98

11.01.2018 75.80 40.67 15.43 26.45

17.01.2018 78.90 37.60 14.98 24.33

18.01.2018 81.80 44.90 15.47 25.44

24.01.2018 74.70 29.76 16.65 26.65

25.01.2018 89.70 42.77 16.76 26.75

31.01.2018 80.90 39.88 15.75 25.44

01.02.2018 75.70 32.77 15.30 24.98

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI



Rampia Village

Units in µg/m3


06.11.2017 66.77 27.60 13.20 19.20

07.11.2017 78.66 36.40 18.50 26.50

13.11.2017 69.70 28.90 17.00 24.70

14.11.2017 81.50 43.50 14.50 23.10

20.11.2017 78.40 36.45 10.20 18.90

21.11.2017 74.50 34.50 9.50 14.70

27.11.2017 80.50 41.60 8.40 12.80

28.11.2017 76.30 37.54 12.30 19.80

04.12.2017 70.80 29.85 18.20 25.60

05.12.2017 80.50 40.60 17.43 27.60

11.12.2017 84.60 44.65 20.40 26.30

12.12.2017 69.78 27.45 19.60 24.80

18.12.2017 85.40 49.70 16.30 23.90

19.12.2017 69.65 26.75 10.20 28.40

25.12.2017 80.44 44.66 16.30 24.00

26.12.2017 78.40 37.86 10.50 27.60

01.01.2018 82.40 50.65 14.90 22.60

02.01.2018 72.30 34.23 13.50 20.90

08.01.2018 75.50 37.66 19.30 25.80

09.01.2018 75.40 41.10 18.50 23.90

15.01.2018 79.34 49.90 14.60 29.60

16.01.2018 69.70 28.75 13.60 22.80

22.01.2018 70.40 30.65 21.70 30.90

23.01.2018 65.76 26.66 17.60 27.40

29.01.2018 67.70 28.95 15.80 22.30

30.01.2018 73.40 32.40 16.90 25.20

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI



Kanikalan Village

Units in µg/m3


04.11.2017 69.40 47.88 14.70 22.50

10.11.2017 74.54 51.22 15.40 25.70

11.11.2017 87.67 56.74 18.60 23.80

17.11.2017 81.22 51.34 12.50 20.80

18.11.2017 87.90 54.66 18.20 28.70

24.11.2017 85.42 52.98 17.50 23.40

25.11.2017 74.49 49.00 8.70 14.80

01.12.2017 69.88 37.77 10.20 19.60

02.12.2017 83.22 50.98 12.30 17.80

08.12.2017 76.89 44.75 17.50 22.70

09.12.2017 65.43 34.91 16.50 23.70

15.12.2017 78.88 41.22 9.60 14.50

16.12.2017 64.47 48.31 18.20 27.80

22.12.2017 79.89 51.23 12.10 16.20

23.12.2017 72.34 47.66 10.96 13.20

29.12.2017 64.55 38.41 9.63 11.80

30.12.2017 69.35 41.22 13.50 17.40

05.01.2018 72.33 46.67 17.41 21.30

06.01.2018 67.90 33.89 10.20 18.60

12.01.2018 74.31 39.42 9.87 15.32

13.01.2018 69.00 41.36 8.56 13.20

19.01.2018 86.82 47.31 12.30 19.60

20.01.2018 91.22 52.33 14.10 21.30

26.01.2018 85.44 45.33 15.63 23.20

27.01.2018 78.93 39.42 19.87 29.33

02.02.2018 88.21 41.33 21.10 27.80

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI



Chakarpur Village

Units in µg/m3


04.11.2017 89.56 45.60 14.20 23.44

10.11.2017 90.65 55.60 15.40 24.21

11.11.2017 80.33 39.86 15.20 24.15

17.11.2017 90.80 46.70 15.35 24.66

18.11.2017 83.20 40.44 16.66 25.76

24.11.2017 78.98 34.65 16.55 25.20

25.11.2017 80.30 40.70 15.87 24.65

01.12.2017 70.30 35.65 15.66 24.76

02.12.2017 70.90 34.50 15.70 24.80

08.12.2017 88.90 41.43 14.65 23.54

09.12.2017 80.23 39.76 15.88 24.55

15.11.2017 70.90 31.54 16.02 25.80

16.12.2017 79.89 34.55 15.98 24.65

22.12.2017 80.85 40.65 16.45 25.99

23.12.2017 77.60 29.76 16.44 25.76

29.12.2017 72.30 30.40 17.34 27.99

30.12.2017 84.66 44.20 17.80 27.87

05.01.2018 81.40 40.60 17.95 27.93

06.01.2018 79.67 32.64 17.43 27.40

12.01.2018 90.70 57.50 16.85 26.65

13.01.2018 75.66 36.54 15.56 25.76

19.01.2018 69.70 28.65 15.92 24.98

20.01.2018 83.60 32.60 14.86 23.32

26.01.2018 70.80 29.87 14.66 23.44

27.01.2018 69.66 26.77 14.76 23.36

02.02.2018 71.66 30.70 14.32 23.31

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI



Patrapalli Village

Units in µg/m3


08.11.2017 72.54 31.22 16.55 28.30

09.11.2017 80.65 40.55 14.88 26.87

15.11.2017 85.70 43.23 14.76 25.98

16.11.2017 81.50 41.44 13.98 26.88

22.11.2017 76.88 34.50 14.25 26.90

23.11.2017 80.80 41.05 14.78 25.87

29.11.2017 84.40 41.58 15.03 26.10

30.11.2017 75.30 33.66 15.55 26.76

06.12.2017 69.30 27.87 15.45 27.88

07.12.2017 80.33 42.52 16.41 27.32

13.12.2017 73.54 37.55 17.99 28.98

14.12.2017 65.77 29.87 16.77 27.76

20.12.2017 60.70 25.77 15.98 26.24

21.12.2017 76.40 38.87 15.65 26.10

27.12.2017 67.86 26.66 14.85 24.98

28.12.2017 80.50 45.66 14.56 25.05

03.01.2018 69.70 27.88 15.12 25.80

04.01.2018 73.50 29.98 15.32 25.20

10.01.2018 66.44 25.85 15.68 25.70

11.01.2018 76.52 33.66 15.87 26.05

17.01.2018 70.85 30.85 16.06 26.80

18.01.2018 81.17 45.55 15.00 25.60

24.01.2018 69.98 25.76 14.70 23.70

25.01.2018 85.33 47.45 15.30 24.77

31.01.2018 79.87 30.76 14.80 24.11

01.02.2018 73.66 29.88 15.00 24.08

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI



Sumura Village

Units in µg/m3


08.11.2017 78.87 37.98 14.43 27.80

09.11.2017 70.80 32.55 13.87 26.98

15.11.2017 68.80 28.30 14.34 25.88

16.11.2017 69.80 29.76 15.98 25.43

22.11.2017 80.30 44.78 15.45 25.77

23.11.2017 82.60 42.70 16.77 26.10

29.11.2017 68.80 27.80 16.98 26.43

30.11.2017 75.76 33.54 17.09 27.86

06.12.2017 60.65 31.40 16.90 26.88

07.12.2017 80.34 31.90 15.76 25.32

13.12.2017 78.44 35.80 15.40 25.79

14.12.2017 65.50 28.96 15.75 25.98

20.12.2017 67.30 29.77 16.09 26.05

21.12.2017 74.00 31.80 16.22 26.35

27.12.2017 69.87 29.80 16.44 26.85

28.12.2017 80.99 32.80 16.43 26.81

03.01.2018 77.70 35.70 15.87 25.77

04.01.2018 71.60 34.50 15.56 25.95

10.01.2018 64.90 30.88 15.78 26.00

11.01.2018 80.70 43.60 15.87 26.32

17.01.2018 70.43 30.40 15.94 26.28

18.01.2018 75.80 34.30 15.32 26.10

24.01.2018 72.34 31.50 15.90 26.62

25.01.2018 70.90 31.60 16.06 27.41

31.01.2018 78.50 35.67 16.01 27.66

01.02.2018 67.44 27.60 16.75 27.01

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI


Table- 3.12: Base Line Air Quality Data

Mundelkhet Village

Units in µg/m3


06.11.2017 87.30 40.30 12.67 18.71

07.11.2017 77.40 38.30 15.87 22.34

13.11.2017 65.87 35.70 17.98 19.89

14.11.2017 69.80 32.10 11.98 17.82

20.11.2017 88.60 47.55 16.71 24.78

21.11.2017 90.30 55.90 13.22 23.10

27.11.2017 84.30 41.50 14.51 20.90

28.11.2017 79.80 36.60 16.87 22.67

04.12.2017 66.80 31.40 12.60 18.78

05.12.2017 88.90 38.90 19.88 24.92

11.12.2017 87.90 37.50 21.71 29.80

12.12.2017 67.80 28.96 17.94 26.78

18.12.2017 69.00 29.77 16.11 22.89

19.12.2017 78.30 34.43 16.00 21.00

25.12.2017 80.20 35.70 9.99 16.39

26.12.2017 80.99 33.80 13.76 19.88

01.01.2018 90.20 49.98 18.92 26.10

02.01.2018 77.40 35.77 15.33 20.98

08.01.2018 68.34 33.35 17.54 26.76

09.01.2018 88.20 47.75 12.00 19.80

15.01.2018 74.50 30.40 19.90 30.22

16.01.2018 80.60 39.86 20.87 26.10

22.01.2018 77.20 30.87 16.54 21.87

23.01.2018 79.44 34.76 18.93 27.99

29.01.2018 74.30 37.20 14.12 22.73

30.01.2018 69.60 28.55 17.89 27.92

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI



Ghogharpali Village

Units in µg/m3


06.11.2017 88.40 41.60 17.40 34.89

07.11.2017 78.50 38.43 16.22 30.10

13.11.2017 78.88 37.77 15.32 31.22

14.11.2017 68.90 30.60 17.09 32.23

20.11.2017 77.50 32.50 16.70 29.43

21.11.2017 88.90 43.74 17.80 30.07

27.11.2017 84.30 44.60 17.28 31.10

28.11.2017 72.80 37.70 16.98 28.89

04.12.2017 70.90 36.50 17.03 32.20

05.12.2017 88.90 43.30 15.32 27.99

11.12.2017 74.70 34.87 17.99 29.30

12.12.2017 77.30 33.80 16.30 28.22

18.12.2017 67.00 31.89 15.20 27.10

19.12.2017 72.80 39.80 15.43 26.95

25.12.2017 80.80 52.65 15.85 27.08

26.12.2017 80.99 40.99 16.01 28.65

01.01.2018 90.70 48.87 16.76 29.45

02.01.2018 83.70 46.55 16.87 29.06

08.01.2018 76.30 28.90 17.75 30.88

09.01.2018 89.40 42.68 16.95 30.05

15.01.2018 84.44 36.89 17.05 32.10

16.01.2018 80.90 44.80 16.82 29.97

22.01.2018 81.40 33.54 16.92 28.78

23.01.2018 79.44 29.76 17.02 30.10

29.01.2018 76.89 28.77 17.30 31.08

30.01.2018 70.30 30.45 17.10 30.70

Standard 100.00 60.00 80.00 80.00

CMPDI


Observations

The average concentration levels (24 hrly.) for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and

NOx is within permissible limit of the National Ambient Air Quality

Standards (NAAQS).

3.3 WATER QUALITY

Water quality study

Baseline data w.r.t water quality of various inland surface water and

ground water sources had been generated by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt.

Limited, Lucknow. The findings have been incorporated in this chapter.

Location of sampling stations

9 sampling stations covering ground water, surface water and mine

water were selected in the core and buffer zones of the project. The

locations of water sampling stations have been shown in Plate No.-XII and

details are given below:

Table: 3.14: Location of sampling stations

Sl. No.

Location Code

Name of Location Direction w.r.t

Centre of Core Zone

Aerial Distance in km (w.r.t the Mine Centre)

1. DW1 Ratanpur Village SW 3.3 km

2. DW2 Rampia Village NW 4.1 km

3. DW3 Partapalli Village SW 3.0 km

4. DW4 Kulaparha village E 2.3 km

5. SW1 Banjarnaria nalla up stream SE 3.4 km

6. SW2 Banjarnaria nalla down stream S 2.0 km

7. SW3 Ratansara Village S 2.0 km

8. SW4 Gopalpur Village SE 2.8 km

9. EW1 Basundhara (W) mine effluent water

SE 5.5 km

Frequency of sampling

Water samples were collected once in a season from the above villages

for analysis.

CMPDI


Methodology and instruments used for water analysis

Water samples were collected for physical, chemical and bacteriological

parameters taking suitable precautions. The methodology and instruments

used for water analysis are given in Table-3.15 to 3.17.

Table-3.15 : Protocol used for Physical & Inorganic Parameters

(Drinking Water)

Sl. No. Tests Protocol

1. Odour IS 3025 (Part 6) : 1983 Reaffirmed 2002

2. Taste IS 3025 (Part 8) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2002

3. Temperature (0C) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2550B)

4. Turbidity as (NTU) IS 3025 (Part 10) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2002

5. pH IS 3025 (Part 11) : 1983 Reaffirmed 2002

6. Total Dissolved Solids as TDS (mg/l)

IS 3025 (Part 15) : 1984 Reaffirmed 2003

7. Alkalinity (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 23) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003

8. Total Hardness as CaCO3

(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009

9. Calcium as Ca (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 2003

10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 42) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003

11. Iron as Fe (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 53) : 2003 Reaffirmed 2009

12. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part59) : 2006

13. Chloride as Cl (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 32) : 1988 Reaffirmed 2007 (Argentometric Method)

14. Sulfate as SO4 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 24) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003 (Turbidity Method)

15. Nitrate Nitrogen as NO3

(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part34) : 1988 Reaffirmed 2003

16. Fluorides as F (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 60) : 2008 (Ion Selective Electrode Method)

17. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l)

IS 3025 (Part 43) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003

18. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 41) : 1992 Reaffirmed 2003

19. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 48) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003

20. Aluminium as Al (mg/l) APHA 21st EDN.:2012 3500

21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 37) : 1988

22. Lead as Pb (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 47) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003

23. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003

24. Hexavalent Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l)

IS 3025 (Part 52) : 2003 Reprint 2007

25. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 27) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003

26. Selenium as Se (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 56)

27. Free Residual Chlorine IS 3025 (Part 26) : 1986 Reaffirmed 2003

CMPDI


Sl. No. Tests Protocol

(mg/l) (Idometric Method)

28. Anionic Detergents (As MBAS)(mg/l) max

APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, 5540 A+C

29. Fecal Coliform(MPN/100 ml) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, 9221 E


(Surface Water)

Sl. No. Parameter Protocol

1. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B)

2. Colour (Hazen units) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2120B)

3. Temp (0C) APHA 22nd EDN. 2012 (2550B)

4. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 C)

5. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D)

6. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN :2012 (2540D)

7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 day)

IS 3025 (Part 58) 2006

8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009

9. Calcium as CaCO3(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 2003

10. Magnesium as MgCO3(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 46) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003

11. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 3500 A+C

12. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3114 As B)

13. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B)

14. Colour (Hazen units) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2120B)

15. Temp (0C) APHA 22nd EDN. 2012 (2550B)

16. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 C)

17. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D)

18. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN :2012 (2540D)

19. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 day)

IS 3025 (Part 58) 2006

20. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part21) : 2009

21. Calcium as CaCO3(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 40) : 1991 Reaffirmed 2003

22. Magnesium as MgCO3(mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 46) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003

23. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 3500 A+C

24. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3114 As B)

25. Lead as Pb (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B)

26. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 ( 3111 Cd B)

27. Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Cr+6 B)

28. Oil & Grease APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 5520 A+D

29. Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 4500 Cl B

30. Fluorides as F (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500-FC & D)

31. Sulphate as SO4 (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 4500 SO4 42-E

32. Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l) -

33. Copper as Cu (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B)

34. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012, (3112 A+C)

CMPDI



35. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part59) : 2006

36. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Zn B)

37. Iron as Fe (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Fe B)

38. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) IS 3025 (Part 27) : 1994 Reaffirmed 2003

39. Phenolic Compounds APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 5530 A+C

40. Total coliform (MPN/100 ml) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (9221 B)


(Effluent Water)


1. pH APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 H+B)

2. Temperature (0C) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2550B)

3. Colour (Hazen unit) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2120B)

4. Odour APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (2150B)

5. Total Suspended Solid as TSS (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (2540D)

6. Oil & Grease as O & G (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5520 B)

7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand as BOD (mg/l) (5day 200C)

APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5210 B)

8. Chemical Oxygen Demand as COD (mg/l)

APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5220 B)

9. Iron as Fe (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 Fe B)

10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012(3111-A+ B)

11. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012(3111-A+ B)

12. Selenium as Se (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 A+C)

13. Nickel as Ni (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111A+ B)

14. Flouride as F (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 F- D+C)

15. Dissolved phosphates as P (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 A+C)

16. Sulphide as S (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 S-2F)

17. Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (5530 A+C)

18. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B)

19. Nitrate Nitrogen as N (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3500 A+C)

20. Lead as Pb (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500-NO3 B)

21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3114 B)

22. Cadmium as Cd (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111 A+B)

23. Mercurry as Hg (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3112 B)

24. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH3 -N (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 NH3 -F)

25. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen as (NH3) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (4500 Norg A+C)

26. Total Chromium as Cr (mg/l) APHA 22nd EDN.:2012 (3111D)

27. Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l) APHA 22st EDN.:2012 (3500 Cr B)

Results

The results of analyses of water samples are given in Table 3.18 to 3.20.

CMPDI


Table – 3.18

GROUND WATER QUALITY DATA

Sl. No.

TESTS DW1 DW2 DW3 DW4 INDIAN STANDARDS

as per IS10500:1991(Reaff:2012)

Date of Sampling 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 Desirable Permissible

1. Colour (Hazen unit) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 5 15

2. Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

3. Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

4. Temperature (0C) 23.1 23.9 24.2 23.6 - -

5. Turbidity as (NTU) <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1 10

6. pH 6.95 6.84 7.06 6.91 6.5-8.5 No Relax.

7. Total Dissolved Solids as TDS (mg/l)

202 164 177 205 500 mg/l 2000 mg/l

8. Alkalinity (mg/l) 112 88 104 116 200 mg/l 600 mg/l

9. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l)

168 140 160 164 200.0 mg/l 600

10. Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 28.8 33.6 32 44.8 75.0 mg/l 200

11. Copper as Cu (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.05 0.05 mg/l 1.5 mg/l

12. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.17 0.21 0.14 0.08 0.3 mg/l 1 mg/l

13. Manganese as Mn (mg/l)

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 0.10 mg/l 0.3

14. Chloride as Cl (mg/l) 22 20 50 52 250.0 mg/l 1000

15. Sulfate as SO4 (mg/l) 18.6 21.3 15.6 19.6 200.0 mg/l 400

16. Nitrate Nitrogen as NO3

(mg/l) 3.6 4.28 2.1 3.85 45.0 mg/l 100

17. Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.57 0.27 0.29 0.09 1.0 mg/l 1.5 mg/l

18. Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l)

<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 mg/l 0.002 mg/l

19. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003 mg/l No Relax

20. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 No Relax.

21. Aluminium as Al (mg/l) <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.03 0.2

22. Arsenic as As (mg/l) <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 0.01 mg/l No Relax

23. Lead as Pb (mg/l) <0.009 <0.009 <0.009 <0.009 0.01 mg/l No Relax.

24. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.19 5 mg/l 15 mg/l

25. Hexavalent Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l)

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 mg/l No Relax.

26. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 No Relax

27. Selenium as Se (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 No Relax

28. Free Residual Chlorine (mg/l)

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.20 mg/l -

29. Anionic Detergents (As MBAS)(mg/l) max

<0.15 <0.15 <0.15 <0.15 0.2 1

30. Fecal Coliform (MPN/100 ml)

Absent Absent Absent Absent - -

CMPDI


Table-3.19

SURFACE WATER QUALITY DATA

Sl. No.

Parameter SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4

Date of Sampling 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18 12.01.18

1. pH 7.17 7.24 7.6 7.68

2. Colour (Hazen units) 10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0

3. Temp (0C) 23.1 23.6 23.2 24.2

4. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 4.9 5.3 5.1 5.5

5. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 40 36 62 184

6. Total Suspended Solids as TSS (mg/l) 16.6 14.1 37.6 10.8

7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) (5 day) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0

8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 32 28 52 128

9. Calcium as CaCO3(mg/l) 4.8 9.6 11.2 30.4

10. Magnesium as MgCO3(mg/l) 4.86 0.97 5.83 12.63

11. Selenium as Se (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

12. Arsenic as As (mg/l) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

13. Lead as Pb (mg/l) <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008

14. Cadmium Cd (mg/l) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

15. Chromium as Cr+6 (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

16. Oil & Grease <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

17. Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 4 4 6 30

18. Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.98 0.68 0.42 0.53

19. Sulphate as SO4 (mg/l) 6.4 4.3 11.7 17.6

20. Nitrate as NO3 (mg/l) 1.72 1.2 3.1 8.4

21. Copper as Cu (mg/l) <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

22. Mercury as Hg (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

23. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

24. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.13 0.15 0.2 0.11

25. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.17 0.19 0.09 0.16

26. Cyanide as CN (mg/l) <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

27. Phenolic Compounds <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005

28. Total coliform (MPN/100 ml) 120 160 200 140

CMPDI


Table-3.20

MINE EFFLUENT QUALITY DATA

Sl. No. TESTS

EW

General Standards for discharge of Effluents into

inland Surface water GSR 422(E)

1. pH 7.43 5.5-9.0

2. Temperature (0C) 24.10 50C above water temp.

3. Colour (Hazen unit) 10.0 -

4. Odour Odourless -

5. Total Suspended Solid as TSS (mg/l)

21.6 100

6. Oil & Grease as O & G (mg/l) BDL 10

7. Biochemical Oxygen Demand as BOD (mg/l) (5day 200C)

3.5 30

8. Chemical Oxygen Demand as COD (mg/l)

16.0 250

9. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.68 3.0

10. Copper as Cu (mg/l) BDL 3.0

11. Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.29 5.0

12. Selenium as Se (mg/l) BDL 0.05

13. Nickel as Ni (mg/l) BDL 3.0

14. Flouride as F (mg/l) 1.46 2.0

15. Dissolved phosphates as P (mg/l) 0.52 5.0

16. Sulphide as S (mg/l) BDL 2.0

17. Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH (mg/l)

BDL 1.0

18. Manganese as Mn (mg/l) BDL 2.0

19. Nitrate Nitrogen as N (mg/l) 17.10 10.0

20. Lead as Pb (mg/l) BDL 0.1

21. Arsenic as As (mg/l) BDL 0.2

22. Cadmium as Cd (mg/l) BDL 2.0

23. Mercurry as Hg (mg/l) BDL 0.01

24. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH3 -N (mg/l)

3.11 50.0

25. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen as (NH3) 11.0 100.0

26. Total Chromium as Cr (mg/l) BDL 2.0

27. Hexavalent Chromium (mg/l) BDL 0.10

CMPDI


Observations

Ground Water (Tubewell water and Dugwell water)

Samples, DW-1, DW-2, DW-3, and DW-4 were from ground water

sources. The analyses shows that various physical and chemical

parameters are within the permissiable limits of Drinking Water

Standards (IS: 10500-2012).

Surface Water

Samples, SW-1 and SW-2 were collected from upstream and down

stream of Banjarnaria nalla. SW-3 and SW-4 were collected from

Ratansara and Gopalpur Pond Water. As on date, there is no standard

for Surface water.

Waste Water

Samples, EW-1 were collected from effluent water of Basundhara (W)

OCP. The analysis shows that various parameters are within the limits

of General Standards for discharge of Effluents into inland Surface

water GSR 422(E).

CMPDI


3.4 HYDROLOGY & HYDROGEOLOGY 3.4.1 INTODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY

Drainage basin is a tool for quantitative measurement of hydrogeological

cycle. In a drainage basin, the catchment or water shed forms a system boundary

through which any sort of excess precipitation flows off through its principal streams.

The characteristics of a basin at any given time contribute to the hydrologic variations

in space. The characteristics to be considered include geometry of the basin, such as

area, relief, orientation, shape, drainage density, channel frequency and drainage

configuration. Over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern

through its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by different

geological/ geographical factors. Drainage patterns are classified on the basis of their

texture and form. Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography

and subsurface geology. Drainage channels develop where surface runoff is

enhanced and earth materials provide least resistance to erosion. Drainage pattern in

Talcher coalfield varies from parallel to dendritic in nature. The study area falls under

the influence of Basundhara River pre-dominantly, which are the tributary of Ib River

which control the overall drainage pattern of the coalfield.

3.4.2 DRAINAGE ANALYSIS

BASUNDHARA RIVER

Basundhara nala is one of the important drainage basin (Plate-V) which

covers large extent of Ib valley coalfield. The total catchment of the Basundhara Nala

is estimated at 608 km2.It is observed from the catchment characteristic of the

Basundhara Nala basin, that the drainage network of the area is favorable for long

extended discharge than to generate sudden peak discharge. The Basundhara nala

basin has a mean bifurcation ratio of 3.22 which indicates that geological structure

has played a very limited role in controlling the drainage pattern. It has a drainage

frequency below 0.5 (number of rivers per unit area). This indicates a moderately

developed drainage network where concentration of flood is distributed over time and

no flash flood is caused.

CMPDI


The drainage density of 0.66 km/sq.km (the total length of all stream

channels per unit area of basin) shows high value of run-off and moderate to low

permeability of the terrain. A low value of length of overland flow (0.76 km) greatly

reduces the possibility of ground water recharge and hence the surface run-off will

constitute the major part of rainfall. This also indicates low permeability of the terrain.

The average stream slope for the area is 0.0026 i.e. 1 in 400. This indicates

normal gradient of channel where down cutting and scoring actions are almost

neutralized. The compactness co-efficient, elongation ratio and circularity ratio for the

Basundhara nala basin area 1.3, 0.65 and 0.85 respectively. Since compactness co-

efficient is greater that 1, the frequency and magnitude of flood are reduced. Further,

circularity and elongation ratio are greater than 0.5 and these indicate a high rate of

surface run-off and more time of concentration. The flow capacity and peak run-off at

the highest flood level are 1061.9 and 689 cumec (m3/sec) for the Basundhara nala

respectively. There will not be any over flooding of river at the time of peak run-off.

3.4.3 PRE-MINING DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF THE AREA

The general topography of the block is undulating and is mostly forest land

and some patches of barren lands are also featuring in the block. The general

altitude of the block is varying from 270 metres to 334 metres. Basundhara river is

flowing north-west to south-east and ultimately drained into Ib river. Telendra nalla

flows at a distance of 94 meters south of the block. Barhajharia nalla, Bhaina jhor and

Ichcha Nadi flows 230 meter west, 3.4 kms north east and 8.65 km north east

respectively. Besides these, there are some small ponds and dug wells available

within the block and used for irrigation and drinking purposes.

3.4.4 POST-MINING DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF THE AREA

The drainage system of the area will be undisturbed as there is no proposed

nalla diversion.

CMPDI


3.4.5 HYDROGEOLOGY

3.4.5.1 AQUIFER DESCRTIPTION

The permeable formations i.e. sand and sandstone within Gondwana

formation behave as an aquifer. The coal seams and shales developed act as

impermeable beds i.e. aquiclude. Based on the sub surface geological data

generated from the exploratory boreholes, the disposition of aquifers have been

worked out as below for the workable seam Rampur seam. The seams in ascending

order are RAMPUR-I, RAMPUR-II, RAMPUR-III, RAMPUR-IVB, RAMPUR-IV and

RAMPUR-V. :

Table:3.21 Hydrogeological units developed in proposed project

Hydrogeological unit Formation Thickness (m)

Min. Max.

Shallow / water table / unconfined aquifer (highly potential)

Overburden (shale, sandstone and sandy shale) excluding weathered material

5.80 70.00

DE

EP

ER

AQ

UIF

ER

(Lo

w P

oten

tial A

quife

r)

Aquiclude RAMPUR V 2.00 3.00

Semiconfined aquifer 1 Parting* 0.43 7.60

Aquiclude RAMPUR IV A 11.00 15.00


Aquiclude RAMPUR IV B 1.00 2.00


Aquiclude RAMPUR III 4.00 6.00


Aquiclude RAMPUR II 2.00 4.00


Aquiclude RAMPUR I 4.00 6.00

* Parting comprises of Shale, sandstone, carb shale, sandy shale

3.4.5.1 AQUIFER PARAMETERS

The regional hydro-geological studies of Sundargarh district were carried out

by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of

India, Bhubaneswar and had submitted a report in December 1995 as “Ground Water

Resources and Development Potentials of Sundargarh district, Odisha. The aquifer

characteristic of phreatic zone was tested by conducting pumping tests in open dug

wells. The hydraulic characteristics of open wells in Gondwana sedimentary rocks

are given below in table 3.23.

CMPDI


Table 3.22: Results of Pumping Test of Large Diameter Dug wells for Sedimentary (Gondwana) Formation, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha.

Sl. No.

Hydrogeological Details Jhuprunga (DPT-III)

Dulanga (DPT-IV)

Grindola (DPT-V)

1. Aquifer Sand Stone Sand Stone Sand Stone

2. Duration of test (min) 90.00 60.00 23.00

3. Depth (m) 8.14 4.31 7.62

4. Diameter (m) 4.31 5.50 2.94

5. Static water level (m) bgl 5.11 2.90 6.38

6. Discharge (lps) 3.30 1.10 4.20

7. Draw down (m) 1.55 0.63 0.93

8. Specific capacity (lit/min/m cross sectional area)

0.95 1.43 2.56

Source: CGWB, Govt. of India, Ministry of Water Resources, South Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar,

Odisha.

It is observed from the above table that the specific capacity index ranges

from 0.95 to 2.56 lit/min/m cross sectional area.

CGWB had drilled six exploratory boreholes in Gondwana formation for

delineating occurrence and distribution of water bearing fractures. The

hydrogeological details of the exploratory boreholes are given below in table 3.24.

Table 3.23: Location-wise Hydrogeological Details in Sedimentary (Gondwana) Rocks, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha.

Sl. No.

Hydrogeological details

Tumulia Tumulia

(O.W) Gopalpur

Rangidhipa (Himgir)

Rangidhipa (O.W)

Taparia

1. Geological formation

Sandstone and shale

Sandstone and shale

Sandstone and shale

Sandstone and shale

Sandstone and shale

Sandstone and shale

2. Depth drilled (m) bgl

200.20 97.50 200.20 142.30 142.30 148.40

3. Depth of fracture zone (m) bgl

90.00 – 95.00

-- -- 26.40, 37.50, 42.60, 47.00, 59.00, 70.00, 134.00

26.40, 27.50, 42.60, 47.59, 70.00, 134.00

12.00, 15.00, 77.00, 96.00, 100.00

CMPDI


Sl. No.

Hydrogeological details

Tumulia Tumulia

(O.W) Gopalpur

Rangidhipa (Himgir)

Rangidhipa (O.W)

Taparia

4. Length of casing (m)

19.30 11.60 -- 23.80 -- 26.30

5. Static water level (m) bgl

14.70 9.74 13.370 9.38 6.87 12.99

6. Discharge (lps)

1.60 2.30 0.370 8.00 11.50 4.20

7. Draw down (m)

42.00 42.19 -- 15.11 11.99 18.96

8. Transmissivity (m2/day)

(a) Pumping Test

1.53 -- 0.158 -- -- --

(b) Slug test 5.54 -- 1.719 14.32 -- --

Source: CGWB, Govt. of India, Ministry of Water Resources, South Eastern Region,

Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

3.4.6 PRESENT GROUND WATER SCENARIO IN THE BLOCK

Present ground water scenario in and around the block under reference is

assessed from the fifty three (48) open dug wells. These open dug wells are used for

potable water consumption. The water level in these wells represents hydraulic head

of water table aquifers. The hydraulic heads of all observed wells are calibrated to

reduced level. The hydraulic head of all hydrograph stations are connected to

construct water table contour map (Figure- 3.2). It is observed from the Fig. that the

water table configuration of the area more or less coincides with surface topography.

The ground water level recorded from the open dug well in and around the project

area (buffer zone) ranges from 0.70 to 12.50 m bgl for the pre-monsoon.

CMPDI


Figure 3.2: Water level contour map of Pre monsoon season in and around Basundhara West Extn. OCP, Ib Valley coalfield, Odisha

CMPDI


Table 3.24 : Pre-Monsoon Details of Hydrograph Stations in and around Basundhara west Extension OCP, Ib Valley Coalfield, Odisha

Well No Village Name Location Pvt. or Govt./ Owner name

Type of Well Well Lining Physical topogra-

phical setting

Diameter of well

(m)

Height of Parapet

from Ground (m)

Total depth

including parapet

(m)

Depth to water below

ground level (m)

GT084 Baghabari Back side centre Jibardhan Pradhan,s

residence back side Govt Dug well Random rubble Plane ground 5.59 1.20 5.45 2.50

GT083 Ratanpur

(Majhapada) Near village pond. Near Parameswar

Nayak's residence Govt Dug well Brick + R.R. Plane ground 3.02 0.15 7.54 3.55

GT081 Ratansara Out side of village near mango tree Govt Dug well Random rubble masonry without plaster up to last

Plane ground 4.57 N.A. 4.74 3.60

GT079 Badibahal At the side of road to Himgiri Govt Dug well Brick parapet + R.R Plane ground 2.30 0.71 9.79 4.24

GT077 Kandadhua 150m from the road to Chhatisgarh ( In paddy field approach from end of the

village) Govt Dug well

Random rubble with cement plaster

Plane ground 2.50 1.35 3.16 1.50

GT075 Dhanarasi At the end of the village Govt Dug well Brick Plane ground 2.50 0.73 8.84 5.47

GT074 Nuadih Road to Himgiri side Govt Dug well Brick lining with top

plaster Plane ground 3.05 0.71 13.21 12.50

GT073 Balbaspur 200m. From the end of the village. 50-

60 m. from road Private Dug well

Random rubble masonry

Plane ground 4.92 0.30 6.08 1.50

GT070 Chitkendhipa Agricultural field Private Dug well Random laterite stone Plane ground 3.48 0.40 3.24 7.20

GT069 Patrapali Before beginning of village Govt Dug well Brick lining and R. R.

lining Plane ground 1.89 0.60 6.70 2.90

GT066 Podajhalanga Just at the entrance to village Govt Dug well R.R.top 1m plastered Plane on slope

tarrain 2.76 0.60 7.96 5.90

GT065 Telendihi Right side of entrance to Telendihi just

after Basundhara Nala Govt Dug well

R.R. with in side plaster

Plane ground 1.79 0.81 6.39 4.29

CMPDI




phical setting

Diameter of well

(m)

Height of Parapet

from Ground (m)

Total depth

including parapet

(m)


ground level (m)

GT064 Rengalpani Back side of village (Unused . Needs

cleaning Govt Dug well

Random rouble masonry with cement

plaster Hilly area 4.52 0.30 8.20 2.60

GT062 Bhograkachhar In the middle of village Govt Dug well Random rouble

masonry with cement plaster

Hilly area 2.50 1.20 8.41 7.21

GT056 Kenajhor On the land of Kabru Oram .Back side

of village Private Dug well

Brick lining .72m and R.R.

Plane ground 2.69 0.86 2.72 3.84

GT054 Sahaspur Just before end of the village backside Govt Dug well R. R. lining Plane ground 4.04 0.73 7.39 6.27

GT053 Ustali Back side of village Govt Dug well Random rubble

masonry with nearly 2.5 m. plastering

Plane ground 2.37 0.97 9.43 8.03

GT052 Jhulenbarh Near school building Govt Dug well R.R. with cement

mortar up to 2.20m Plane ground 2.53 0.58 10.18 8.42

GT051 Kenduadihi (Nuapada)

Towards Hemgiri Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 2.07 0.88 11.92 5.12

GT050 Tumbajore At the end of the village Govt Dug well Random rubble

masonry with cement plaster

Plane ground 3.15 0.68 10.19 6.22

GT049A Kundren Back side of mid village Private Dug well Brick lining 2.28m R.

R. lining 4.34m. Plane ground 6.00 0.15 7.28 6.85

GT047 Kund Mid of Bastipada Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 3.76 0.90 7.97 5.25

GT046 Jhupranga In the mid of road side Govt Dug well Ring lining Plane ground 1.20 0.50 7.08 3.50

GT045 Gaddwar At the beginning of village right side of

entrance road to village Govt Dug well

R.R. lining without plaster

Plane ground 1.50 0.54 3.94 6.46

GT044 Tumalia College campus Govt Dug well Brick lining and Random Rouble

masonry lining (8.67m) Plane ground 4.35 1.02 11.95 7.40

CMPDI




phical setting

Diameter of well

(m)

Height of Parapet

from Ground (m)

Total depth

including parapet

(m)


ground level (m)

GT043 Bangurkela End of the village Govt Dug well R. R. lining with 0.8m

plastering inside Plane ground 2.00 0.84 8.84 6.96

GT042 Garjanbahal Gondpara Govt Dug well Brick lining without


GT041 Kasura In primary school campus Govt Dug well Ring lining Plane ground 1.50 Not

constructed 9.08 6.00

GT040 Barpali Just at the beginning of village

Harijanpada Govt Dug well

Brick lining 5.61 m Rouble masonry 2.95

m. Plane ground 2.89 0.64 8.56 3.86

GT038 Bankibahal Near the village pond out side the

village Govt Dug well

Brick lining with rest r. r. lining

Plane ground 1.15 Not


GT035A Sambaripinda Centre of the village Govt Dug Well Brick Plane ground 1.77 1.04 8.93 6.20

GT035 Sardega Right side of entrance road of village Private Dug well Brick Plane 5.00 0.20 7.10 5.70

GT032 Gopalpur Refer sketch Govt Dug well R.R. Plane ground 3.53 Not


GT030 Garjanjhor Adjacent to village pond at the end of

the village Private Dug well

Random rouble masonry with cement


GT029 Chhatabal In the middle of village Govt Dug well Brick lining with cement plaster

Plane ground 2.00 1.60 10.10 4.20

GT028 Kuanrikela Beginning of the village 100m. From

Hemgiri road near a pond Govt Dug well

Laterite masonary lining

Plane ground 3.52 0.10 3.11 5.20

GT027 Belaimunda Rajapada well Govt Dug well Random rubble Plane ground 2.27 0.45 5.25 4.30

GT025 Luabahal Back side of Luabahal High school Govt Dug well Brick lining with cement plaster

Plane ground 2.28 0.78 12.56 7.90

GT014 Kalatpani On the road side to Dhanuapada Govt Dug well R.R. with parapet

plaster Plane on hilly

tarrain 2.94 0.82 4.91 1.18

GT013 Salingijharia Beginning of the village Govt Dug well Ring lining Plane on hilly

tarrain 1.30 0.60 6.55 2.70

CMPDI




phical setting

Diameter of well

(m)

Height of Parapet

from Ground (m)

Total depth

including parapet

(m)


ground level (m)

GT012 Titheitanagar Out side of village Private Dug well R. Rubble lining 1.1m + Brick lining 3.16m +

R.R. lining 1.6 m.

On agricultural field and on hilly tarrain

2.71 0.46 5.42 3.54

GT010 Kahachuan On the junction of the road Private Dug well R. Rubble lining Plane on hilly

tarrain 2.95

Not constructed

5.77 4.44

GT006 Bileibahal Mid village road side Govt Dug well Brick lining Plane ground 3.36 0.79 7.82 4.36

GT004 Bihamol End of the village Govt Dug well R. R. lining with

0.75m. Plastering Plane ground 4.85 0.44 7.06 3.66

GT003 Siarmal Between Sargidhipa & School Dhipa Govt Dug well Brick lining 7.34 m

R.R. without plaster 2.0m

sloping ground 1.48 Not


GT002 Jharpalam In the middle of village Govt Dug well Brick lining top 0.75

cement plaster Plane ground 2.34 1.52 10.36 9.38

CMPDI


3.4.7 HISTORICAL GROUND WATER LEVEL TRENDS

As groundwater level data are temporal and dynamic in nature and is mainly

controlled by rainfall pattern in relation to the aquifer material. So, long term

groundwater level data becomes the principal source of information about hydrologic

stresses affecting groundwater recharge, storage and discharge. Ground water levels

are controlled by the balance among recharge to, storage in and discharge from an

aquifer. Physical properties such as porosity, permeability and thickness of the

aquifer affect this balance. When the rate of recharge to an aquifer exceeds the rate

of discharge, water levels will rise. Conversely, when the rate of groundwater

withdrawal or discharge is greater than the rate of groundwater recharge, the water

stored in the aquifer becomes depleted and water levels will decline. Water levels in

many aquifer follow a cyclic pattern of season fluctuation, typically rising during post

monsoon season due to precipitation and recharge and declining during pre

monsoon season owing to less recharge.

To evaluate the behaviour of long term groundwater level trends, long term

water level data from the permanent observation well CMPDI have been referred in

this report. To study the long term water level trends hydrograph of Sardega village

dug well has been drawn. Long term pre monsoon and post monsoon water level

are shown in the table given below and the hydrogrph of these stations are shown in

Figure 3.3. Long term groundwater levels as monitored by Environment Monitoring

Cell, RI-VII, CMPDI at village Sardega.

CMPDI


Table – 3.25: Long term water level data of Sardega village dug well,

Ib valley coalfield.

Year pre monsoon

(WL in mbgl)

post monsoon

(WL in mbgl)

2001 5.49 3.61

2002 5.25 2.85

2003 5.36 1.25

2004 4.45 1.35

2005 6.80 1.15

2006 6.90 1.80

2007 5.20 2.55

2008 5.80 1.95

2009 7.65 -

2010 - 3.20

2011 4.20 3.44

2012 4.70 3.64

2013 4.44 2.95

2014 3.32 2.89

2015 6.86 2.90

2016 7.19 3.06

2017 3.38 2.01 Source: Routine Environmental monitoring cell, Environment Department, CMPDI

CMPDI

Job No.706135 Chapter –3 , Page - 38

The interpretations of the historical groundwater level data available from the

observation well (Sardega village dug well) are as follows:

i. Sardega village dug well

Pre monsoon water level trend shows a marginal increasing

trend which signifies that the groundwater is not affected by

the overall groundwater utilization with the increasing

population and by mining.

The post monsoon water level trend shows a marginal

decreasing trend which signifies that the groundwater is a bit

affected by the overwall utilization by the population.

The long-term pre monsoon water level varies from 3.32 to

7.65 mbgl and post monsoon water level varies from 1.15 to

3.44 mbgl.

CMPDI


Figure 3.3: Hydrograph of Sardega villge dug well, Ib valley coalfield (Approximately 1.70 kms East from Basundhara west extension block boundary)

CMPDI


3.5 NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT

Noise level assessment

The present ambient noise level assessment for the project has been

carried out by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Limited, Lucknow during

November 2017 to February 2018. The results of noise level measurement

have been incorporated in this chapter.

Location of noise level measurement stations

Ten spots/stations were selected for measuring the noise levels. The

locations of noise level measurement stations are shown in Plate No.-XIII

and details are given below:

Table 3.26: Details of Noise Level Measurement Stations

Station Code Noise level in dB(A)

Maximum Minimum Day (leq) Night (leq)

Ambient Noise Level (dBA)

N1 Telendih 62.5 49.9 58.9 52.3

N2 Tiklipara 54.8 42.3 52.3 43.1

N3 Rampia 58.9 43.9 54.7 44.8

N4 Sumura 55.9 40.7 51.6 41.5

N5 Chakarpur 57.8 41.4 53.9 43.7

N6 Kanikalan 55.6 41.7 52.3 42.4

N7 Mundelkhet 56.9 41.9 53.9 43.8

N8 Ghogharpali 57.9 42.5 54.1 43.6

N9 Patrapalli 56.5 42 51.2 44.8

Frequency of noise level measurement

The Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out day and night as

given below:

Sl. No. Time (hrs.) Duration (in min.)

1 08:00-11:00 30

2 14:00-17:00 30

3 18:00-21:00 30

4 24:00-03:00 30

CMPDI


Methodology and instrument used for noise level measurement

Ambient noise level monitoring was done by an integrating sound level

meter (CR-275) of Cirrus Research Plc., U.K. in dBA. Noise measurements were

made at a height of 1.5m, above the ground and away from sound reflecting

sources like walls, buildings etc.

Results: The noise level measurements from above stations are given below:

Table 3.27: Details of Noise Level Measurement Stations

Station Code

Location Name

Noise level in dB(A)

Day (Leq)

Permissi-ble limit

Night (Leq)

Permissi-ble limit

N1 Telendih 58.9 75 52.3 70.0

N2 Tiklipara 52.3 55 43.1 45.0

N3 Rampia 54.7 55 44.8 45.0

N4 Sumura 51.6 55 41.5 45.0

N5 Chakarpur 53.9 55 43.7 45.0

N6 Kanikalan 52.3 55 42.4 45.0

N7 Mundelkhet 53.9 55 43.8 45.0

N8 Ghogharpali 54.1 55 43.6 45.0

N9 Patrapalli 51.2 55 44.8 45.0

Observation

Noise level measurements from various stations as mentioned above

and it is found that noise level at all villages are within permissible limits of the

prescribed standards for both day-time and night-time.

CMPDI


3.6 LAND USE/COVER PATTERN 3.6.1 LAND USE/COVER CLASSIFICATION

The land use/cover classification (Plate No.-X) for the core and buffer zone

of the project based on satellite data interpretation has been given in following

table.

Table 3.28- LAND USE/COVER CLASSIFICATION

Classes Core Zone Buffer Zone

Level-I Level-II Area (Km2)

% of Total Area (Km2)

% of Total

Forest Land

Dense Forest 0.00 0.00 57.85 14.56

Open Forest 0.57 17.70 126.01 31.71

Total Forest Land 0.57 17.70 183.86 46.27

Scrubs 1.26 39.15 67.70 17.03

Plantation Area

Social Forestry 0.01 0.19 1.79 0.45

Plantation on OB 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01

Plantation on Backfill 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Plantation Area 0.01 0.19 1.82 0.46

Total Vegetation 1.84 57.04 253.38 63.76

Agriculture Land

Crop land 0.0 1 0. 19 13.84 3.48

Fallow Land 0.52 1 6. 14 89.86 22.61

Total Agriculture Land 0.53 16.33 103.70 26.09

Waste Land

Waste Land 0.83 26.1 5 23.28 5.86

Sand Body 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.05

Total Waste Land 0.83 26.15 23.48 5.91

Mining Area

Coal Quarry 0.00 0.00 3.09 0.78

Barren OB Dump 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.25

Back Filled Area 0.00 0.00 1.1 7 0.29

Coal Dump 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.14

Advance quarry 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01

Water Filled Quarry 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.17

Total Mining Area 0.00 0.00 6.51 1.64

Settlements

Urban Settlements 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.05

Rural Settlements 0.02 0.48 3.47 0.87

Industrial Settlements 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.05

Total Settlement Area 0.62 0.48 3.86 0.97

Water Body River/ Ponds 0.00 0.00 6.52 1.63

Total Area 3.22 100.00 397.45 100.00

Source: CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi: Land Use/ Cover Map of Core & Buffer Zones of is based

on Satellite IRS-R-2/L-IV of the year 2018 from CMPDI (HQs), Ranchi.

CMPDI


3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCENARIO

The Socio Economic Study in Core & Buffer area based on primary and

secondary survey conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by M/s VRDS

CONSULTANTS, Chennai .The study area comprises of rural area of district

Sundergarh, Odisha.

3.7.1 METHODOLOGY

The study of Socio-economic environment is an integral part of

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The study includes Social profile,

Economic, Infrastructure facilities, Occupational health survey, Occurrence of

historical / Archaeological sites and presence of important features of the study

area (Core zone and Buffer zone, 10 Km radius from mine lease area). Census

2011 Village boundary map is used as a reference for identifying the villages. All

the information is collected from the census and reported.

To validate the census 2011 data, household survey of 253 houses was

collectedby floating questionnaire to the residence and local people / Village head

(Mukhia/Sarpanch) of different project affectedvillages.Sample size varies as per

need, time and convenience. Occupational health status of the above for the

different age group and sex was also collected and got authenticated by area

Medical officer Basundhara area Hospital.

3.7.2 RATIONALE BEHIND SAMPLING

Villages were chosen as per convenience of team and response of localities.

In addition, accessibility to the villages was considered. Project affected villages

were selected for House Hold Survey to know the effect of the project on them.

3.7.3 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA

There are two villages (Ratansara and Gopalpur) in core zone and 58

villages in buffer zone.Following is the details of number of villages with population

in core zone, within 500 m of study area and buffer zone.

CMPDI


Table-3.29: Zone wise village details

Zone / Area Number of Villages Total

Households Total Population

Area

(Hectares)

Core Zone 2 1309 4884 2294.01

< 500 M - - - -

Buffer Zone 58 8762 35376 18870.19

3.7.4 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA

The study area comprises 60 villages, with a total populationof 40260

persons. Summary of the same is given below.

Table-3.30: Demographic Profile of the Study Area

State District Tahsil Villages in

Core Zone

Villages in

Buffer Zone

ODISHA Sundargarh Hemgir 2 52

Lephripara 0 6

Total 2 58

3.7.5 SOCIAL PROFILE

3.7.5.1 POPULATION CASTE WISE BREAKUP

The data is available for individual caste, as per the notified list of SCs

and STs for each village. Below is the summary of the same data, in tabular and

figurative form.

Table-3.31: Summary Caste distribution

Zone

Total Scheduled Caste Scheduled Tribe

Population Male Female Population Male Female Population Male Female

Core

Zone

4884 2462 2422 710 365 345 2557 1256 1301

50.41% 49.59% 14.54% 7.47% 7.06% 52.35% 25.72% 26.64%

Buffer

Zone

35376 17849 17527 4954 2510 2444 15743 7857 7886

50.46% 49.54% 14.00% 7.10% 6.91% 44.50% 22.21% 22.29%

CMPDI


Fig-3.4: Caste distribution

3.7.5.2 LITERACY WISE BREAKUP

Literacy rates are considered as a crucial measure of the value of a

region's human capital. Literate people can be more easily trained than illiterate

people, and generally have a higher socioeconomic status; thus they enjoy better

health and employment prospects. Literacy can increase job opportunities and

access to higher education

The data for literates and illiterates of each village is available in cencus. Below

is the summary of the same data, in tabular and figurative form.

Table-3.32: Summary Literacy Status

Zone Total Literates Illiterates

Population Male Female Population Male Female

Core Zone 4884

2933 1658 1275 1951 804 1147

60.05% 33.95% 26.11% 39.95% 16.46% 23.48%

Buffer Zone 35376

23713 13291 10422 11663 4558 7105

67.03% 37.57% 29.46% 32.97% 12.88% 20.08%

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education

CMPDI


Fig-3.5: Literacy distribution

3.7.6 AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE

Average household size is 4 persons per family, in the study area.

Avg_HH_Size = (Total Population) / (No of Households)

Below is the summary of the same.

Table 3.33: Summary Avg - HH size

Zone No of Households Total Population Avg_HH_Size (Persons)

Core Zone 1309 4884 4

Buffer Zone 8762 35376 4

3.7.7 SEX RATIO

Sex ratio is an indicator of social status. In places where women have a

better social status, there the difference between the numbers of male and female

is less, the ratio is found to be close to 1:1.

CMPDI


Below is the summary of the same data in tabular form, representing number of

female every1000 male.

Sex ratio = (Number of females*1000) / (Number of males)

Table-3.34: Summary sex ratio

Zone TOTAL SC ST

Core Zone 984 945 1036

Buffer Zone 982 974 1003

The ideal sex ratio is 1:1. From the above table, it can be observed that in study

area, the number of female per 1000 male is less than required except Scheduled

Tribe (ST).

3.7.8 ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.7.8.1 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

The census classifies workers into two groups, namely, ‘Main workers’

and ‘Marginal workers’. Main Workers are those who have worked for the major

part of the reference period, i.e. 6 months or more. Marginal Workers are those

who have not worked for the major part of the reference period i.e. less than 6

months.

The main/marginal workers are classifiedbased on Industrial category of workers

in following four categories:

Cultivators

Agricultural Laborers

Household Industry Workers

Other Workers

CMPDI


3.7.8.2 CULTIVATORS

For purpose of the Census, a person is classified as cultivator if he or she

is engaged in cultivation of land owned or held from Government or held from

private persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation

includes effective supervision or direction in cultivation. A person who has given out

her/his land to another person or persons or institution(s) for cultivation for money,

kind or share of crop and who does not even supervise or direct cultivate on land,

is not treated as cultivator.

3.7.8.3 AGRICULTURAL LABORERS

A person who works on another person’s land for wages in money or kind

or share is regarded as an agricultural laborer. She or he has no risk in the

cultivation, but merely works on another person’s land for wages. An agricultural

laborer has no right of lease or contract on land on which she/he works.

3.7.8.4 HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS

Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more

members of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and only

within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The

larger proportion of workers in the household industry consists of members of the

household. The industry is not run on the scale of a registered factory where more

than 10 persons with power or 20 persons without power is in use as it would

qualify or has to be registered under the Indian Factories Act. The main criterion of

a Household industry even in urban areas is the participation of one or more

members of a household. Even if the industry is not actually located at home in

rural areas there is a greater possibility of the members of the household

participating even if it is located anywhere within the village limits. In the urban

areas, where organized industry takes greater prominence, the Household Industry

should be confined to the precincts of the house where the participants live.

3.7.8.5 OTHER WORKERS

Workers other than cultivators, agricultural laborers or workers in

Household Industry, as defined above are termed as ‘Other Workers’ (OW).

CMPDI


Examples of such type of workers are government servants, municipal employees,

teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce,

business, transport, banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests,

entertainment artists, etc. Below is the summary of the same data, in tabular and

figurative form.

Table-3.35: Summary Worker classification

Core Zone

WORKING

TOT 2409 49.32%

NON_WORKERS

TOT 2475 50.68%

M 1496 30.63% M 966 19.78%

F 913 18.69% F 1509 30.90%

MAIN_WORK

TOT 1870 38.29%

MARG_WORK

TOT 539 11.04%

M 1263 25.86% M 233 4.77%

F 607 12.43% F 306 6.27%

MAIN_CULT

TOT 485 25.94%

MARG_CULT

TOT 61 11.32%

M 467 24.97% M 56 10.39%

F 18 0.96% F 5 0.93%

MAIN_AGR

TOT 1026 54.87%

MARG_AGR

TOT 372 69.02%

M 498 26.63% M 107 19.85%

F 528 28.24% F 265 49.17%

MAIN_HH

TOT 37 1.98%

MARG_HH

TOT 2 0.37%

M 23 1.23% M 1 0.19%

F 14 0.75% F 1 0.19%

MAIN_OTHERS

TOT 322 17.22%

MARG_OTHERS

TOT 104 19.29%

M 275 14.71% M 69 12.80%

F 47 2.51% F 35 6.49%

Buffer Zone

WORKING TOT 18267 51.64%

NON_WORKERS TOT 17109 48.36%

M 10953 30.96% M 6896 19.49%

F 7314 20.68% F 10213 28.87%

MAIN_WORK TOT 10675 30.18%

MARG_WORK TOT 7592 21.46%

M 8488 23.99% M 2465 6.97%

F 2187 6.18% F 5127 14.49%

MAIN_CULT TOT 4212 39.46%

MARG_CULT TOT 1204 15.86%

M 3673 34.41% M 355 4.68%

F 539 5.05% F 849 11.18%

MAIN_AGR TOT 2512 23.53%

MARG_AGR TOT 5227 68.85%

M 1589 14.89% M 1462 19.26%

F 923 8.65% F 3765 49.59%

MAIN_HH TOT 239 2.24%

MARG_HH TOT 105 1.38%

M 166 1.56% M 48 0.63%

F 73 0.68% F 57 0.75%

MAIN_OTHERS TOT 3712 34.77%

MARG_OTHERS TOT 1056 13.91%

M 3060 28.67% M 600 7.90%

F 652 6.11% F 456 6.01%

CMPDI


Fig-3.6: Work Wise Classification

The number of female workers is less than the number of male workers.

CMPDI


3.7.9 INFRASTRUCTURE PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA

Infrastructure refers to structures, systems, and facilities serving the

economy of a business, industry, country, city, town, or area, including the services

and facilities necessary for its economy to function. Its typically to characterize the

existence or condition of costly 'technical structures' such as

roads, bridges, tunnels, or other constructed facilities such as loading docks, cold

storage chambers, electrical capacity, fuel tanks, cranes, overhead clearances, or

components of water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so

forth. Infrastructure thus consists of improvements with significant cost to develop

or install that return an important value over time.

Note: If infrastructure facility is not available within the village, the data

corresponding to distance range code of nearest place where facility is available is

given. Range is classified into within 5 km from village boundary, 5-10 km from

village boundary and > 10 Km from village boundary.

3.7.9.1 WATER SUPPLY

Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, recreational, and

environmental activities. Providing a better water supply can significantly improve

the quality of life and is a source of, and the condition for, a socio-economic

development. Some diseases are related to insufficient or unsafe water, together

with local factors as climate, density of population, local practices etc.

Table-3.35: Water supply details

Available in village

Not Available in village

Water Supply Availability

Tap Water-Treated 0 58

Tap Water Untreated 16 42

Covered Well 0 58

Uncovered Well 57 1

Hand Pump 57 1

Tube Wells/Borehole 0 58

Spring 13 45

River/Canal 17 41

Tank/Pond/Lake 53 5

Others 0 58

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel

CMPDI


It is seen from the above, that treated water is not available to any village

of the study area. Also, covered well and Tube well / Boreholeisnot present in

anyvillage. The main source of drinking water is uncovered well and Hand Pumps

for 57 villages.

3.7.9.2 MEDICAL CENTER SERVICES

A greater component of medical effort is devoted to improving the quality

of life, or more accurately, to prevent or to minimize the poor quality of life

associated with chronic disease: to the relief of pain, disfigurement, and

disability.

The medical center services & amenities availability for various purposes

in study area. Below is the summary for the same.

Table 3.36: Health amenities availability within village

S.No.

Amenities Within Village

<5 km from village

5 to10 km from village

>10 km from village

1 Community Health Centre 0 1 4 53

2 Primary Health Centre 0 11 34 13

3 Primary Heallth Sub Centre 6 12 30 10

4 Maternity And Child Welfare Centre

1 0 3 54

5 TB Clinic 1 0 6 51

6 Hospital Allopathic 1 1 3 53

7 Hospital Alternative Medicine 0 0 5 53

8 Dispensary 1 0 10 47

9 Veterinary Hospital 0 1 6 51

10 Mobile Health Clinic 0 0 4 54

11 Family Welfare Centre 1 0 0 57

It is seen from the above that, the medical facilities are very poor in the

study area. These are available within the range of more than 10 Kms. for most

of the villages. Community health care centre, Primary health centre, Hospital

alternative medicine, Veterinary Hospital and mobile health clinic isnot present in

any village.

CMPDI


Maternity And Child Welfare Centre is present only in Bilaimunda

TB Clinic is present only in Gopalpur

Hospital Allopathic is present only in Bilaimunda

Dispensary is present only in Tunulia

Family Welfare Centre is present only in Bilaimunda

As Cattle play a major role in source of income, the availability of

veterinary hospitals becomes crucial. Veterinary Hospital is not availablein any

village.

Most of the medical facilities are availableat more than 10 kms distance from

most of the villages.

3.7.9.3 EDUCATION INSTITUTE STATUS

The educational institute availability in study area. Below is the summary

for the same.

Table 3.37: Education facility availability

Within village

<5 km from

village

5-10 km from

village

>10 km from

village

N.A. in census

Educational Facility

Pre-Primary School 1 4 23 29 3

Primary School 52 4 2 0 2

Middle School 24 22 12 0 2

Secondary School 9 24 25 0 2

Senior Secondary School 2 11 18 27 2

Arts and Science Degree College

1 8 15 34 2

Engineering College 0 1 1 56 2

Medicine College 0 0 0 58 2

Management Institute 0 0 0 58 2

Polytechnic 0 0 0 58 2

Vocational Training School/ITI

0 1 0 56 3

Government Non Formal Training Centre

0 0 0 54 6

Government School For Disabled

0 1 0 55 4

CMPDI


From above, it can be seen that availability of Education facility is poor

expect Primary School.Engineering College, Medicine College, Management

Institute, Polytechnic,Vocational training school, Government Non-Formal Training

Centre and Government School for Disabled are not available in any village of the

study area.. It is available within the range of more than 10 kms distance.

Pre-Primary School is available only in Tikilipara

Arts and Science Degree College is available only in Tumulia

3.7.9.4 POWER SUPPLY AVAILABILITY

The power supply availability for various purposes in study area. Below is the

summary for the same.

Table-3.38: Power supply availability

Sl No. Type of Power Supply Available in

village

Not

Available in

village

1 Power- Domestic

48 10

2 Power - Agriculture

19 39

3 Power- Commercial

30 28

4 Power- All Users

19 39

Power supply for domestic use is good which is available for maximum

numbers (48) of villages. For agriculture, commercial and all usersitis available

in less than 50% of the villages.

3.7.9.5 COMMUNICATION SERVICES

A decisive role can be played by communication in promoting human

development in today's new climate of social change. The communication

services availability for various purposes in study area. Below is the summary for

the same.

CMPDI


Table-3.39: Communication amenities availability within village

Amenities Within

village

<5 km from

village

5-10 km

from village

>10 km

from village

Post Office 8 2 4 44

Sub Post Office 1 6 28 23

Post and Telegraph Office 4 0 0 54

Landline 19 9 16 14

PCO 20 9 16 13

Mobile Phone Coverage 57 0 1 0

Internet Cafes 4 7 11 36

Private Courier Facility 3 7 11 37

The communication services availability for various purposes in study area is very

poor except Mobile Phone coverage, PCO and Landline.

3.7.9.6 TRANSPORT SERVICES

Without effective transportation, regions are largely isolated from each

other. Effective, affordable transportation also plays a role in letting people move

to new area.

The transport services availability in study area. Below is the summary for the

same.

Table-3.39(a): Transport amenities availability within village

S.No. Amenities Within Village

< 5 km 5 to 10 km >10 km

1 Public Bus Service 21 2 5 30

2 Private Bus Service 26 10 16 6

3 Railway Station 0 0 0 58

CMPDI


The availability of transport facilities is very poor. Private / public bus services for

communication looks better than railway services. People use their own vehicles for

transport purpose.

3.7.10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

Occupational health survey deals with all aspects of health and safety in

the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. The health

of the workers has several determinants, including risk factors at the workplace

leading to accidents, cancers, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases,

hearing loss, circulatory diseases, stress related disorders and communicable

diseases etc.

Occupational health refers to the identification and control of the risks

arising from physical, chemical, and other workplace hazards in order to establish

and maintain a safe and healthy working environment. These hazards may include

chemical agents or solvents, heavy metals such as lead or mercury, physical

agents such as loud noise or vibration, and physical hazards such as electricity or

dangerous machinery.

Coal fly ashes (CFA) are complex particles of a variable composition,

which is mainly dependent on the combustion process, the source of coal and the

precipitation technique. Toxic constituents in these particles are considered metals,

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and silica. Silica (crystalline) is considered as

human carcinogen.

Table-3.40:Health status of the area as per Medical officer Basundhara area Hospital

Disease 0-5 years 5 - 18 years 18 - 40 years > 40 Years

Silicosis N N N N

Pneumonias N N N N

Asthma Y Y Y Y

Hypertension N N Y Y

Sugar N N Y Y

TB N N N N

Malaria Y Y Y Y

Cholera N N N N

CMPDI


Jaundice Y Y Y Y

Diarrhea Y Y Y Y

Chicken Pox Y N N N

Skin Disease Y Y Y Y

Paralytic Attack N N Y Y

Heart Attack N N N Y

Sinusitis Y Y Y Y

Arthritis N N Y Y

Anemia (Sickelcell) N Y Y Y

There is no qualified (MBBS) medical practitioner available within the

surveyed villages. Also, the villagers don’t have proper record of their medical

history. Out of the surveyed villagers nobody has reported chronic diseases. It is

observed that Asthma, Hypertension, Diabetes and arthritic are common in people

of old age group (> 40 years). Malaria, Jaundice, Dysentery/Diarrhea and Skin

diseases are common in all age groups.

The diseases are commonly prevailing in the general population

irrespective of their occupation.

For healthy life, prevention is better than cure. So, one should maintain

hygiene, balanced diet, regular exercise and lifestyle modification to reduce the

stress. The water should be used after boiling and filtrations for drinking purpose.

The respondents have reported dissatisfaction over sanitation. The

stagnation of water and garbage is a major problem. The mosquito menace is also

a major problem. People should use mosquito net or coils.

3.7.11 HOUSE HOLD SURVEY

253 households of 5 villages with a population of 1050 consisting of 557

males and 493 females were surveyed for below data.

CMPDI


Table-3.41: Surveyed Village Demographic Profile

Village Total HH Total Pop Total M Total F Lit M Lit F

Garjanbahal 70 277 152 125 135 78

Bolinga 26 108 58 50 51 35

Haldibahal 77 338 168 170 151 85

Bangurkela 50 203 113 90 105 64

Jhupranga 30 124 66 58 47 29

Total 253 1050 557 493 489 291

Table-3.42: Surveyed Village Social Profile

Village Total

_M

Total

_F SC_M SC_F ST_M ST_F

OBC_

M

OBC_

F

Other

s_M

Othe

r_F

Garjanbahal 152 125 3 1 88 70 41 29 0 0

Bolinga 58 50 17 12 37 33 2 2 0 0

Haldibahal 168 170 13 12 140 149 15 9 0 0

Bangurkela 113 90 0 0 67 54 46 36 0 0

Jhupranga 66 58 0 0 66 58 0 0 0 0

Total 557 493 33 25 398 364 104 76 0 0

% 52.60

%

46.55

% 3.12% 2.36% 37.58% 34.37% 9.82% 7.18% 0.00%

0.00

%

Table-3.43: Surveyed Village Economic profile

Village

Primary Source Secondary Source Avg

Annual

Income Business Job Agri Govt Labour Business Job Agri Govt Labour

Garjanbahal 0 37 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 179329

Bolinga 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 286539

Haldibahal 3 9 13 0 52 0 0 0 0 14 50338

Bangurkela 0 0 20 0 30 0 0 0 0 12 24310

Jhupranga 0 13 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 5 93017

Total 3 85 66 0 99 0 0 0 0 48 126707

Basic amenities are available within the distance of 10 Km.

Infrastructure for primary education is available within the villages.

CMPDI


Medical amenities is available within the range of >10 kms

People are using Poultry, Goat, Cow Buffalo and Bull as source of income.

Most houses do not have their own toilet facilities and use open land in the

village for this purpose. There are no public toilets in the villages.

Tap, hand pumps and wells are the sources of water. The quality of water is

reasonably well. The difficulty arises in summer when the hand pumps do

not yield even half of the normal water supply.

The villages are connected with Electric lines. The villages are connected

with Electric lines but power is intermittently supplied as in all rural areas of

the state particularly in summer season.

The fuel for cooking purpose is L.P.G, kerosene, Coal or Firewood.

Most of the villages are connected with fair weather (tar/mud) roads with

state transport facilities. Motor cycles, Cycles are used for traveling

purposes. Tractors, Trucks are used for carrying materials.

During survey, it is observed that, people are very conservative about

informing their income.

The maximum expenses are on food and clothing.

3.7.12 PUBLIC AWARENESS AND OPINION ABOUT THE PROJECT

Most of the respondents are aware about the project. 75% respondents

have favorable opinion, 20 % have unfavorable opinion and 5 % have not given

any opinion.

The respondentswereasked to opine about the project. They expect

increase in job opportunities, improvement in educational, transport, medical,

housing, sanitation facilities.

Unfavorable opinion can be attributed to increase in environmental

pollution, crimes and increase in the cost of commodities.

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3.8 SOIL QUALITY STUDY

Soil quality study was carried out by Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. Report

on primary baseline data on soil quality is given below:

Table – 3.44: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATION

S. No. Location Name Station Code

1 Telendih Village KES 1

2 Ratansara Village KES 2

3 Gopalpur Village KES 3

4 Tikilipara Village KES 4

Table – 3.45: SOIL QUALITY DATA

Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018 Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018

Station code KES 1

Telendih Village

Sl. No. PARAMETERS Results

30 cm 60 cm 90 cm

1 pH 7.09 7.16 7.01

2 Elec.Conductivity(µ mhos/cm) 161.00 183.00 100.00

3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 116.00 102.00 96.00

4 Phosphorous Av.(mg P2O5/kg) 6.30 5.20 4.50

5 Potassium Av.(mg/kg) 96.00 102.00 90.00

6 SAR 2.90 1.95 2.25

7 WHC (%) 16.00 19.00 16.50

8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.790 0.650 0.090

9 Specific Gravity 1.77 1.70 1.85

10 Field capaicity 24.10 25.30 29.20

11 Wilting Coefficient 10.00 12.00 9.45

12 Grain Size Distribution

a) Textural Class Sandy Clay

Sandy Clay

Sandy Clay

b) Sand (%) 42 45 50

c) Silt (%) 23 25 21

d) Clay (%) 35 30 29

13 Cation Exchange Capacity (meq/100g)

9.85 7.11 8.00

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Table-3.46: SOIL QUALITY DATA

Date of Sampling : 11/01/2018

Date of Sample Tested : 18/01/2018 to 1/02/2018

Station code KES 2 Ratansara Village


30 cm 60 cm 90 cm

1 pH 7.63 7.49 7.70


3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 121.00 90.00 82.00



6 SAR 3.10 3.85 3.60

7 WHC (%) 32.00 30.20 34.50

8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.880 0.720 0.220


10 Field capaicity 50.20 52.01 46.20



a) Textural Class Sandy Clay

Sandy Clay

Sandy Clay

b) Sand (%) 34 30 36

c) Silt (%) 46 40 51

d) Clay (%) 20 30 13


7.10 7.56 11.00

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Station Code KES 3

Gopalpur Village


30 cm 60 cm 90 cm

1 pH 7.11 7.19 7.06


3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 167.00 155.00 148.02



6 SAR 2.56 2.90 2.33

7 WHC (%) 36.50 35.75 32.90

8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.960 0.750 0.460


10 Field capaicity 40.30 35.50 38.10



a) Textural Class Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam Sandy

b) Sand (%) 41 38 44

c) Silt (%) 26 27 30

d) Clay (%) 33 35 26


14.20 12.50 10.80

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Station Code KES 4 Tikilipara Village


30 cm 60 cm 90 cm

1 pH 6.98 7.12 6.89


3 Nitrogen Av.(mg/kg) 142.00 124.00 133.00



6 SAR 2.46 2.40 2.35

7 WHC (%) 32.01 28.50 36.90

8 Organic Carbon (%) 0.540 0.350 0.070


10 Field capaicity 42.00 38.70 43.60



a) Textural Class Loam Loam Sandy Loam

b) Sand (%) 40 52 46

c) Silt (%) 29 33 24

d) Clay (%) 31 25 30


14.10 12.50 8.90

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3.9 INFORMATION ON BIO-DIVERSITY

Base line monitoring data for flora and fauna was done by M/s VRDS

Consultants, Chennei. The study was conducted during November 2017 to

February 2018.

3.9.1 METHODOLOGY FOR THE STUDY OF FLORA

For carrying out floral study, quadrant method was adopted for

quantification of trees and herbs. Random Quadrants of uniform sizes were laid

down at study area to assess the biodiversity, density, girth class and height of

species in the study area. It is quantified by counting the number of trees in a 10m

x 10m quadrant and Herbs in 1m x 1m quadrant. Height of the tree species and

girth of trees at breast height (DBH) is measured and recorded. Density,

Biodiversity Simpson index of it is calculated. The updated botanical names are

provided with author citation as per International Botanical nomenclature.

Identification of terrestrial vegetation in relation to natural forest flora and

croplands is conducted through reconnaissance field surveys and direct insight

observations. The plant species identification is done based on the morphological

characteristics and reproductive materials i.e. flowers, fruits and seeds. Land use

pattern in relation to agriculture practices and crop verities is identified through

physical verification of farm lands.

Natural vegetation, invaded species, avenue trees, home garden plants,

hedge vegetation of agriculture fields, plants present in the ponds, rivers, and hill

areas are noted downlisted through direct sighting. The identity of the herbs,

shrubs, climber, and trees are confirmed using the regional floras. Photographs

and latitude / longitude of the location have recorded.

Secondary data and local names of species are confirmed and recorded in

consultation with collected from the villagers/ forest department personnel. The

updated botanical names are provided with author citation as per International

Botanical nomenclature.

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3.9.2 FAUNA STUDY

The faunal study is proposed to be carried out through direct and indirect

methods of faunal sighting and its identification. Line transact method is used for

direct enumeration of species and pug marks, habitat, furs, thorns, skin, voice

notes etc is used for indirect method of enumeration. Further, secondary data is

used for listing of faunal species in the project core and buffer area.The survey

study is carried out during early hours of morning and late hours of evening time.

To assess the potential of the area as habitat of avifauna transects method is used.

Birds, Insects and Butterflies are observed by walking carefully through transect. A

single observer walked at a constant pace using Binocular. Birds either flying or

perched are recorded.

Avian fauna (bird’s species) identification has been done from

ornithological notes and pictorial descriptions of various authors.

The authenticity of occurrence of faunal elements, local ecology and

species of high conservation importance, migratory corridors and wild animal paths

is gathered by interacting with local inhabitants and forest department personnel.

The status of each faunal species recorded from the project areas is ascertained

provided as per schedules of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

The project is consists of 227.62 Ha forest land and 96.30 Ha non forest

(agriculture / waste) land.

Aquatic flora and fauna are identified by inspecting Basundhara River (Adjacent),

Telendra Nala, Barhajharia Nala, bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor water

bodies, Ponds etc.

There are no water bodies in core zone of the project.

3.9.3 BIODIVERSITY STUDY

Biodiversity refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources

including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the

ecological complexes of which they are part. This includes diversity within species,

between species and of ecosystems. For assessment of biodiversity, data from

quadrants were collected and analysed in Simpsons index calculation.

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3.9.3.1 Core zone (10 X 10M Quadrant)

In Core zone following four sites are selected, which represent floral

biodiversity of the area.

Location 1: Near Ratansar village, 22°04.061 N; 83° 41.087 E

Table 3.49: Quadrat sampling near Ratansara village

S. No

Common Name

Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH),

cm Height (meter)

Trees

1 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 44.0 6.0

2 Chaar Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida

2 36.0 , 44.0 5.5, 6.0

3 Dowra Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 1 9.0 1.5

4 Blue gum Acacia auriculiformis Benth. 1 small 1.0

Total 5

Herbs

Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit 15 - -

Total 15 - -

Forest floor is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.

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Location 2:

Table 3.50: Quadrat sampling at 22°04.075 N ; 83° 41.135 E S. No

Common Name

Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH), cm

Height (meter)

Trees

1 Sal/sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 1 45.0 6.0

2 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida

12 12.0 – 109.0 3-6

3 Mahua Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) J.F.Macbr.

2 62.0 7.5

Total 15 - -

Herbs/climbers

1 Anantamul Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.

3 - -

2 Ban tulasi Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit 12 - -

Total 15 - -

The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is burnt.

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Location 3:


Common Name Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH), cm

Height (meter)

Trees


2 Mahua Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) J.F.Macbr.

2 40, stump cut 4.0

3 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.)

M.R.Almeida 1 26.0 3.3

5 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 6 Thin 1.5 - 2

6 East Indian satinwood

Chloroxylon swietenia DC. 16 Thin 1.0 - 2

7 Bhilawa Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Thin 1.0

Total 26 - -

Herbs

1 Broom grass Aristida setacea Retz. 2 - -

The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.

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Location 4:


Common Name

Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH), cm

Height (meter)

Trees

1 Sal/sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 2 108, 107 6.4


2 19, 37 4.5

Dhaura Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. 1 20 6.2

5 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 10 Thin 1.5

Total 15

Herbs - -



Total

The site is affected by forest fire, ground vegetation is nil.

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3.9.3.2 Buffer zone:

Location 1: Jackdol R/F In Buffer zone two sites are selected, which represent floral biodiversity of the area.

Table 3.53: Quadrat sampling at Jakdol reserve forest

S. No

Common Name

Scientific Name Nos

.

Diameter at (DBH),

cm

Height

(meter)

Trees

1 Sal/Sarai Shorea robusta Gaertn. 3 20.0 - 62.0

4.0-7.0

2 Char Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida 2 22.0 – 23.0

6.0

3 Garari, Korodo

Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f. 2 15.0 – 25.0

2.0– 3.0


5 Dhava Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.

1 25.0 4.0

6 mohin Lannea coromandeliana (Houtt.) Merr. 1 97.0 14.0

7 Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 10 Thin 1.5

8 Asan Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. 1 70.0 7.0

Total 21 - -

Herbs/Shrub/Climber

1 Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston 1 - -

2 Anantamul Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. 5 - -

3 Ixora pavetta Andr. 4 - -

4 Harduli Olax scandens Roxb. 5 - -

5 Dhai fhool Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz 5 - -



Total 34 - -

Forest floor is covered with full of dried foliage. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh, parasitic shrub is growing on Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R.Almeida.

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Location 2: Jackdol R/F

Table 3.54: Quadrat sampling at Jakdole RF, 22°01.599 N; 83° 47.142 E

S. No

Common Name Scientific Name Nos. Diameter at (DBH), cm

Height (meter)

Trees

1 Sal Shorea robusta Gaertn. 3 63 - 65 10-11


2 30, 40 6

3 Garari, Korodo Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth. ex Hook.f.

1 50 6

Kuda Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don 6 10, Small 1

4 Bhilawa Semecarpus anacardium L.f. 1 35 5

5 Asan Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. 1 70 6

6 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. 1 35 5

7 Dhaora Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.

2 30, 40 6

Total 17 - -

Shrubs / Small trees / Vines / Herbs

1 Tivra gandha, Bagh dhoka

Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.

4 - -

2 Kala tendu Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. 1 - -

3 Anantamul, Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.

4 - -

4 Jilpai Ixora pavetta Andr. 10 - -

5 Dheniani Olax scandens Roxb. 5 - -

6 Wild date Phoenix sylvestris(L.) Roxb. 4 - -

7 Dikamalli Gardenia resinifera Roth 4 - -

8 Corchorus aestuans L. 3 - -

9 Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) Sm. 2 - -

10 Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars 2 - -


Total 44 - -

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3.9.3.3 SIMPSON’S INDEX OF BIODIVERSITY

Species diversity is one of the efficient ways to analyze community

structure. Simpson diversity Index takes in to account the density of individual

species..

Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account

the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each

species. As species richness and and evenness increase,

so diversity increases. With this index, 1 represents infinite diversity and 0,

no diversity

Simpson index of biodiversity (D) = 1- C

Where C =

D = Simpson’s index of Diversity

n = the total number of organisms of a particular species,

N = the total number of organisms of all species

The value of this index ranges between 0 and 1, and the greater the value, the

greater the sample diversity.

Biodiversity of the project is given below:

Table 3.55: Biodiversity of the project.

Zone Quadrat Location Simpson index of

biodiversity

% Simpson index of

biodiversity

Core zone

Near Ratansar - 22°04.061 N ; 83° 41.087 E 0.72 72.00

22°04.075 N ; 83° 41.135 E 0.33 33.78

22°04.004 N; 83° 41.149 E 0.55 55.92

22°04.070 N ; 83° 41.135 E 0.51 51.56

Buffer zone

Jakdol RF - 22°01.547 N ; 83° 47.102 E 0.72 72.56

Jakdole RF- 22°01.599 N; 83° 47.142 E 0.80 80.28

The above shows that, biodiversity in Core zone ranged between 0.33- 0.72,

which is lower than buffer zone forest 0.72 - 0.80. It shows that there are more

species in the quadrat sampling area.

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3.9.4 BASELINE STATUS OF FLORA

Flora of the project areas is classified in to Terrestrial and Aquatic flora.

Terrestrial Flora

Terrestrial flora consists of the following:

(i) Agriculture crops cultivated (cereals, pulses and vegetables) during

rainy season (Kharif) and post rainy moths of winter season (Rabi);

(ii) Commercial crops;

(iii) Natural vegetation of Forest type includes endemic species/

endangered species.

(iv) Plantations and Agro-forestry species and

(v) Grass lands

Agricultural Crops

Important categories of crops include cereals, pulses (legumes), fruits and

vegetables. Cropping systems vary among farms depending on the available

resources and constraints; geography and climate of the farm. To a certain extent

most of the agriculture activity is confined to Southwest monsoon period of July to

October. Agriculture crops of study area are cultivated in backyards and farmlands

during post-rainy months. A checklist of agriculture crops of the core and buffer

zone are presented in below tables.

Commercial Crops

Farmers grow grains, legumes, and vegetables to feed their families and his

livestock. But anything beyond that grown to make money would be a commercial

crop. The check list of commercial crops is presented in below tables.

Agro forestry species

The agro forestry species developed in vacant farm lands and barren areas

as a means of preserving or enhancing the productivity of the land. It combines

shrubs and trees of local varieties in agricultural and forestry technologies to create

more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, ecologically sound, and sustainable

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal

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land-use systems. The agro forestry species of the study area are presented below

in tables.

Natural Vegetation/ Forest Type

It is an uncultivated and uninhabited piece of land covered by trees and

shrubs. It plays a vital role in the life and culture of the people. It forms an important

renewable natural resource.

The study area has Kalatpani RF, Jamkani RF, Garganpahar RF, Garjanjor

RF, Burhapaharh RF, Banjhikachhar RF, Garhaghat RF, Kuramkel RF and

Aradlungri RF.

The status of forest flora of the study is presented in below tables.

Grass Lands

No prominent grass land ecosystem was found in the study area of the

project. However, the grass lands were mixed with natural vegetation forest

patches in low lands and the cultivable waste lands are now being utilized as

grazing grounds to the livestock species.

Aquatic Flora

The aquatic flora adjacent to Basundhar Nadi, Bhaina Jor, Pulkajhor Nala,

Barhajharia nala, Telendra Nala, Chhaten Jor, rivulets in village ditches and small

ponds of the study area are presented in below table.

CORE ZONE

Terrestrial Flora Core and Buffer Zone

The area is adjacent to existing mine, forest area, agriculture fields and

villages. The forest area is degraded in some areas. Polash, Lagerstroemia, mahua

are the most common tree, besides villagers have grown several useful trees. Paddy

fields, vegetable cultivation, cattle rearing are the major agriculture related activities

here.

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Table 3.56: List of Agricultural crops – Core & Buffer Zone

Sl.

No. Botanical Name

English

Name

Common /

Hindi

Name

Name of Class

/ Family Core

zone Buffer

zone

1 Amaranthushybridus L. Amaranthus Cauleyi, Amaranthaceae - +

2 Capsicum annum L. Chilly Lalmirchi Solanaceae + + 3 Citrus limon(L.) Burm f Lemon Nimbu Rutaceae + + 4 CoriandrumsativumL. Coriander, Dhanya Apiaceae - + 5 Cucurbita maxima Duch ex

Lam. Pumpkin Kaddoo Cucurbitaceae + +

6 Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam. Sweet potato Shakarakand Convolvulaceae - + 7 Lagenariasiceraria(Molina)

Standl Bottle guard Laukee Cucurbitaceae + +

8 Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb. Ridged guard Turee Cucurbitaceae + + 9 Luffacylindrica(L.)

M.Roem. Spong gourd Spanjlaukee Cucurbitaceae + +

10 LycopersicumesculentumL. Tomato Tamatar Solanaceae + + 11 MomordicacharantiaL. Bitter Gourd Karela Cucurbitaceae - +

12 RhapanussativusL. Radish Moolee Brassicaceae - + 13 SolanummelongenaL. Brinjal Baingan Solanaceae - + 14 TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb. Pointed guard Parwal Cucurbitaceae - +

Farmers grow grains, legumes, and vegetables to feed their families and

their livestock. But anything beyond that grown to make money would be a

commercial crop. A checklist of commercial crops of the core and buffer zone is

presented below in table :

Table 3.57: List of List of Commercial crops - Core & Buffer Zone

Sl. No.

Botanical Name Engligh Name

Common / Hindi Name

Name of Class / Family

Core zone

Buffer zone

1 Brassica nigra (L.) K.Koch

Mustard Sarason Brassicaceae + +

2 CicerarietinumL. Chickpea Kaabuleechana Leguminosae + +

3 Oryza sativa L. Paddy Dhaan Poaceae + +

4 SesamumorientaleL. Sesame Til Pedaliaceae + +

5 Zea mays L. Maize Makka Poaceae + +

The study area has Garjanpahar (Adjacent) Jamkani RF, Ghogarpall RF,

Lalma RF, Kalatpani RF, Balijori RF and Jhatikhol RF. Total forest land of the

project is 349.71 Ha. Most of the land is uncultivated and uninhabited piece of land

covered by trees and shrubs. It plays a vital role in the life and culture of the

people. A checklist of natural vegetation of the core and buffer zone is presented

below in table.

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Table 3.58: List of Natural Vegetation - Core Zone and Buffer Zone

Sl.

No. Botanical Name

English

Name

Common /

Hindi Name

Name of

class /

Family

Core

zone

Buffer

zone

REET

status

Trees 1 Acacia

auriculiformisBenth.

Black wattle Leguminosa

e - + -

2 Acacia nilotica(L.)

Willdex Delile Babul Babool Leguminosa

e + + -

3 Albiziaprocera(Roxb.)

Benth. White sirish Safedsirish Leguminosa

e - -

4 Albizialebbeck(L.)

Benth Sirish Shirish Leguminosa

e + + -

5 Alstoniascholoris(L.)

R.Br Blackboard

tree Saptaparni,

Chitvan Apocynacea

e - + -

6 Anogeissuslatifolia(Ro

xb. ex DC.) Wall.

exGuillem. &Perr

Axle Wood

Tree Dhonkda

Combretace

ae - + -

7 Artocarpusheterophyll

usLam. Jack Kat Hal, Moraceae + + -

8 BoswelliaserrataRox

b. exColebr.

'Indian

olibanum Salaidhoop Burseracea

e - + -

9 Buchananiacochinch

inensis (Lour.)

M.R.Almeida

Chironji

Tree Chhar Anacardiac

eae + + -

10 Buteamonosperma(La

m.) Taub. Flame of

the forest Palash,

Dhak Leguminosa

e + + -

11 Cassia fistula L. Indian

laburnum Amaltas Leguminosa

e + + -

12 Chloroxylonswieteni

aDC.

East Indian

satinwood

Bhirra Rutaceae + + -

13 Diospyrosmelanoxylon

Roxb. Coromandel

ebony Tendu Ebenaceae - + -

14 FicusbenghalensisL. Banyan Bargad Moraceae + + -

15 FicusmollisVahl Donkey's

banyan Son pakhad Moraceae - +

16 FicusracemosaL. Cluster Fig Goolar Moraceae + + -

17 FicusreligiosaL. Sacred fig Pipal Moraceae + + -

18 GmelinaarboreaRoxb. Beech wood Gamhar Lamiaceae - + -

19 Haldinacordifolia(Rox

b.) Ridsdale Haldu Karam Rubiaceae + + -

20 Holopteleaintegrifoila(

Roxb.) Planch Indian elm arjan Ulmaceae + + -

21 IxoraparvifloraLam White ixora Kotogandal Rubiaceae - + -

22 Lagerstroemia

parvifloraRoxb.

Small

Flowered

Crape

Myrtle

Dawra Lythraceae - + -

23 Lanneacoromandelica(

Houtt.) Merr Indian ash

tree Mohin Anacardiac

eae - + -

24 Madhucalongifolia var. Indian Mahua Sapotaceae + + -

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Sl.

No. Botanical Name

English

Name

Common /

Hindi Name

Name of

class /

Family

Core

zone

Buffer

zone

REET

status

latifolia(Roxb.)

A.Chev. butter tree

25 MangiferaindicaL. Mango Aam, Anacardiac

eae + + -

26 Phoenix sylvestris(L.)

Roxb. Wild Date

Palm Khajur Arecaceae - + -

27 PhyllanthusemblicaL. Emblicmyro

balan Amla Phyllanthace

ae - + -

28 Pithecellobiumdulce

(Roxb.) Benth. Manila

tamarind Ganga imli Leguminosa

e + + -

29 PlumeriarubraL. Temple tree Golenchi Apocynacea

e - + -

30 Pongamiapinnata(L.)

Pierre Indian

beech Karanjva Legumonos

ae + + -

31 Salmaliamalabarica(D

C) Schott &Endl. Silk cotton Salmale Bombacace

ae - + -

32 Schleicheraoleosa(Lou

r.) Oke Lac tree Kusum Sapindacea

e - + -

33 ShorearobustaGaertn

.

Sal sarai Dipterocar

paceae - + -

34 StreblusasperLour. Sand paper

tree Sihora, Moraceae - + -

35 Syzygiumcuminii(L.)

Skeels Rose apple Jamun Myrtaceae + + -

36 TectonagrandisL. Teak, saghvan Lamiaceae - + -

37 Terminaliaarjuna(Rox

b.) Wt&Arn. Arjun Arjun, mathi Combretace

ae - + -

38 TerminaliaalataWall. Laurel Asan Combretace

ae - + -

39 Terminaliabellirica(Ga

ertn.) Roxb. Belericmyro

balan Bahera Combretace

ae + + -

40 WrightiatinctoriaR.Br. Sweet

Indrajao Kutajau Apocynacea

e - + -

41 ZiziphusmauritianaLa

mk. Indian

plum Ber Rhamnacea

e + + -

Shrubs 1 AnnonasquamosaL. Custard

apple Custard

apple Annonacea

e + + -

2 Calotropisgigantea(L.)

R.Br. Indian

mader Indian

mader Apocynacea

e + + -

3 Chromolaenaodorata(

L.) R.M.King&H.Rob. Jack in the

bush Jack in the

bush Asteraceae - + -

4 Ipomoea carneaJace Bush

morning

glory

besharam Convolvula

ceae + + -

5 Lantana camera L. Wild sage Raimuniya Lamiaceae - + - 6 Phyllanthusreticulatus

L. Black-

Honey

Shrub

Kanbojini Phyllanthace

ae + + -

7 RicinuscommunisL. Castor Arandi Euphorbiacea

e + + -

8 SenegaliapennataMizo Climbing Biswal Leguminosae - + -

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Sl.

No. Botanical Name

English

Name

Common /

Hindi Name

Name of

class /

Family

Core

zone

Buffer

zone

REET

status

wattle 9 Sennaalata (L.) Roxb. Candle bush Ergaj Leguminosae - + -

10 ThevetianeriifoliaJuss.

exSteud. Yellow

oleander Peelikaner Apocynaceae + + -

11 Vachelliafarnesiana(L.

) Wight &Arn. Sweet acacia Guhbaboool

, Leguminosae + -

12 VitexnegundoL. Chaste Tree. Nirgundi Verbenacea

e - + -

13 Woodfordiafruticosa

(L.) Kurz

Fire Flame

Bush

Dhaiphool Lythraceae + + -

14 Zizyphusoenoplia(L.)

Miller Small-

Fruited

Jujube

Makora Rhamnacea

e - + -

Climbers 1 Abrusprecatorius L. Crabs eye Ratti Leguminosa

e - + -

2 Caesalpiniabonduc

(L.) Roxb. fever nut Kankarej, Leguminosa

e + + -

3 CappariszeylanicaL. Ceylon

caper ardanda Capparace

ae _ + -

4 CissampelospareiraL. False Pareira

Brava Padh Menisperm

aceae - + -

5 Dioscoreapentaphylla L. Five Leaf

Yam Kantaalu, Dioscoreac

eae + + -

6 Endosamararacemosa(

Roxb.) R.Geesink - - Leguminosa

e + + -

7 Hemidesmusindicus(L.

) R. Br. ex Schult.

Indian

sarsaparilla Anantmul Apocynacea

e +

+ -

8 Ichnocarpusfrutescens

(L.) R.Br. Black

Creeper Kali doddee Apocynacea

e + + -

9 OlaxscandensRoxb. Harduli Olacaceae 10 QuisqualiaindicaL. Rangoon

creeper Not

available Combretace

ae + + -

11 Tinosporasinensis(Lou

r.) Merr. Malabar

Gulbel Giloy Menisperm

aceae - + -

12 Vallarissolanacea(Rot

h) Kuntze Bread

flower, Not

available Apocynacea

e + + -

13 Ventilagomaderapatan

aGaertn. Red Creeper Pitti Rhamnacea

e - + -

14 Wattakakavolubilis(L.f

) Stap f Sneeze Wort dugdhive Apocynacea

e + + -

Herbs 1 AchyranthusasperaL. Prickly

Chaff

Flower

Chirchita Amarantha

ceae + + -

2 Alternantheraparony

chioides A.St.-Hil

smooth

joyweed

.- Amarantha

ceae + + -

3 Alysicarpusvaginalis(L

.) DC Alyce

Clover Chauli/Sauri Leguminos

ae + + -

4 Andrographispanicul

ataWall ex Nees

Creat Kalmeg Acanthacea

e

CMPDI


Sl.

No. Botanical Name

English

Name

Common /

Hindi Name

Name of

class /

Family

Core

zone

Buffer

zone

REET

status

5 Argemonemexicana L. Mexican

poppy Satyanashi Papavarace

ae + + -

6 Blumeaoxyodonta DC Spiny

Leaved

Blumea

Creeping

blumea Asteraceae + + -

7 Blumeaaxillaris(Lam.)

DC. Not

available Not

available Asteraceae + + -

8 Canscoradiffusa(Vahl)

R.Br. ex Roem.

&Schult.

Not

available Kilwar Gentianace

ae + + -

9 Cassia toraL. Stinking

Cassia Panwar Leguminos

ae - + -

10 Celosia argenteaL. silver cock's

comb Common

Cockscomb Amarantha

ceae - + -

11 ColdeniaprocumbensL

. Creeping

Coldenia Tripunkhi Boraginace

ae + + -

12 Dactylocteniumaegypti

um(L.) Willd. Indian millet Poaceae + + -

13 Desmodiumtriflorum(L

.) DC Threeflowert

icktrefoil Kudalia Leguminos

ae + + -

14 Ecliptaprostrata(L.) L. False Daisy Bringaraj Asteraceae - + -

20 Euphorbia hirtaL. Asthma

Weed Laldudhi Euphorbiac

eae + + -

21 Evolvulusalsinoides

(L.) L. Dwarf

Morning

Glory

Vishnugrant

ha

Convolvulac

eae + + -

22 Evolvulusnummularius

(L.)L. Roundleaf

Bindweed Not

available Convolvulac

eae + + -

23 Hyptissuaveolens(L.)

Poit American

Mint Vilaititulasi Lamiaceae + + -

24 Leucasindica(L.) R.Br

ex Vatke Not known Dronapushpi Lamiaceae + + -

25 Mimosa pudicaL. Touch me

not Lajjalu Leguminoa

e + + -

26 MollugopentaphyllaL. Carpet weed Jharasi Molluginac

eae + + -

27 Pedilanthustithymaloid

es(L.) Poit. Devil's

Backbone - Euphorbiac

eae - + -

28 Peristrophebicalyculat

a(Retz.) Nees Not known Kali angedi Acanthacea

e + + -

29 Pogostemonbenghalen

sis(Burm.f.) Kuntze Bengal

pogostemon ishwarjata Lamiaceae - + -

30 ScopariadulcisL. Sweet

Broom

Weed,

Mithipatti. Scrophulari

aceae - + -

31 SidaacutaL. Common

Wireweed Baraira Malvaceae + + -

33 SidacordifoliaL. Bala Bariar Malvaceae + + - 34 SpermacocehispidaL. Shaggy

Buttonweed Madanaghan

ti Rubiaceae + + -

35 Spermacoceocymoides

Burm.f Purple

Leaved

Not

available Rubiaceae + + -

CMPDI


Sl.

No. Botanical Name

English

Name

Common /

Hindi Name

Name of

class /

Family

Core

zone

Buffer

zone

REET

status

Button

Weed 36 Tephrosiapurpurea(L.)

Pers Common

Tephrosia Sharpunka Leguminos

ae + + -

37 Triumfettarhomboidea

eJacq. Burr Bush, Chikti Malvaceae + + -

38 Vanda tessellata

(Roxb.) Hook. Ex

G.Don

Checkered

Vanda perasara Orchidacea

e - + -

39 Xanthium strumarium

L. Cocklebur ChotaDhatur

a, Asteraceae + + -

The forest found in this area is of dry deciduous type. In the absence of

scientific management in the past, forests of the survey area have suffered from

heavy felling. Biotic pressure exerted by human beings and domestic animals of

surrounding areas is also high and degrading the forest land.

The flora of the project is of common type and there are no rare and

endangered species found in the core and buffer zone.

The plants reported as endangered by some publications are found in

abundance in some other geographies.

Grass Lands

No prominent grass land ecosystem is present in the study area. However,

the grass lands is mixed with natural vegetation, forest patches in low lands and the

cultivable waste lands are now being utilized as grazing grounds to the livestock

species. A checklist of grass land species of the core and buffer zone is presented

below in table.

Table 3.59 : List of Grass Land species in the core zone/buffer zone

Sl. No.


Common / Hindi Name

Name of class / Family

Core zone

Buffer zone

REET status

1 ApludamuticaL. Mauration grass

Tachula Poaceae + + -

2 AristidasetaceaRetz. Broom grass

- Poaceae + + -

3 Arundodonax L. Giant Reed Baranal Poaceae - + - 4 Bambusaarundinaceae

L. Bamboo Bambu Poaceae + + -

5 Cynodondactylon (L.) Pers.

Bermuda grass

Durva Poaceae - +

6 Dactylocteniumaegyptium (L.) Willd.

Crow foot grass

- Poaceae + + -

CMPDI


Sl. No.


Common / Hindi Name


Core zone

Buffer zone

REET status

7 Eragrostisamabilis (L.) Wight &Arn.

Love grass Bilaayateejau Poaceae + + -

8 Heteropogoncontortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. &Schult.

Spear grass Kher, Kumryaghas

Poaceae + + -

9 Imperatacylindrica (L.) Raeusch

Cogon grass

- Poaceae + + _

10 SetariafaberiHerrm Japanese bristlegrass

- Poaceae + + -

Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature

The grass land species are of common type and there are no rare and

endangered species found in the core and buffer zone.

Plantation & Agro forestry species done by MCL / Villagers

The agro forestry species developed in vacant farm lands and barren areas as

a means of preserving or enhancing the productivity of the land. It combines shrubs

and trees of local varieties in agricultural and forestry technologies to create more

diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, ecologically sound, and sustainable land-

use systems. A checklist of the same is presented below in table

Table 3.60: List of Plantation done by MCL/Villagers

Sl. No.

Name of the species

Botanical English Hindi Family

1 Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn ex Benth

Australian black wattle

- Leguminosae

2 Albizialebbeck (L.) Benth Sirish Shirish Leguminosae

3 Alstoniascholoris (L.) R.Br Blackboard tree Sowparni Apocynaceae

4 ArtocarpusheterophyllusLam. Jack Kat Hal, Moraceae

5 Azadirachtaindica (L.) A.Juss Neem Margosa Meliaceae

6 Cassia siamiaLamk Avenue cassia - Leguminosae

7 DalbergiasissooDC Sesam Leguminosae

8 Eucalyptus teriticornisSm. Blue gum Myrtaceae

9 FicusreligiosaL. Peepal Moraceae

10 GrevillearobustaA.Cunn ex R.Br. Silver oak Proteaceae

11 Madhucalongifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) A.Chev.

Indian butter tree Mahua Sapotaceae

12 MangiferaindicaL. Mango Aam, Anacardiaceae

13 Peltophorumpterocarpum (DC) Baker ex Heyne

Copper pod -

Leguminosae

14 PhyllanthusemblicaL. Emblicmyrobalan Amla Phyllanthaceae

15 Pithecellobiumdulce (Roxb.) Benth. Manila tamarind Ganga imli Leguminosae

CMPDI


Sl. No.

Name of the species

Botanical English Hindi Family

16 Pongamiapinnata (L.) Pierre Indian beech tree Karanj Leguminosae

17 PsidiumguajavaL. Guava amruth Myrtaceae

18 Syzygiumcuminii (L.) Skeels Rose apple Jamun Myrtaceae

19 Tectonagrandis L. Teak Sagon Lamiaceae

20 Terminaliabellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Belericmyrobalan Bahera Combretaceae

21 VitexnegundoL. Chaste Tree Samhalu Lamiaceae

Aquatic Flora Core/Buffer Zone

Aquatic flora is identified by inspecting Basundhara River (Adjacent),

Telendra Nala, Barhajharia Nala, Bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor, water

bodies, Ponds etc. of the survey area is presented below in table

Table 3.61: List of Aquatic Plants – Core/buffer Zone

Sl. No.

Botanical Name English Name

Common / Hindi Name


Core zone

Buffer zone

REET status

1 Colocasiaesculenta (L.) Schott

Taro Arvi, Kachalu

Araceae + + -

2 CyperuscorymbosusRottb.

- Nagar motha

Cyperaceae + +

-

3 Eichhorniacrassipes(Mart) Solms

Water hyacinth

- Pontederiaceae + +

-

4 Hygrophilaringens (L.) R. Br. Ex Spreng.

Wild hygrophila

- Acanthaceae + + -

5 Ipomoea aquaticaForssk. Water Morning Glory

Nali Convolvulaceae

+ + -

6 MarsileaquadrifoliaL. Four leaved clover

Caupatiya Marsiliaceae + + -

7 Monochoriavaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl

Nanka Panpatta Pontedraceae + + -

8 NymphaeanouchaliBurm f Water lily Neelkama

l

Nymphaeaceae + + -

9 Nymphoidesindica (L.) Kuntze.

Water Snowflake

Kumudini Menyanhaceae + + -

10 Persicariaglabra (Willd.) M.Gómez

Dense flower Knotweed

Bihagni + + -

11 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Grene Jalapippali Bukkan Verbenaceae + + -

12 Typhadomingensis Pers. southern cattail

Patera Typhaceae + + -


CMPDI


As there are no water bodies in Core zone, flora is not reported. The aquatic

flora of the survey area is of common type and there are no rare and endangered

species found in the core and buffer zone.

3.9.5 BASELINE STATUS OF FAUNA

Ecosystem is an integrated unit that contains both animals and plants

whose survival is dependent on biotic and abiotic structure. Fauna of the project

areas is classified in to Terrestrial and Aquatic flora. The baseline status of

terrestrial and aquatic fauna is provided separately below:

Core zone & Buffer Zone

Terrestrial Fauna

Among the faunal groups avifauna of terrestrial inhabitants of passerine

category birds are conspicuous in forest patches, agro-ecosystems of crop land

habitats and plantations. The list of terrestrial Fauna in Core/Buffer Zone is

presented below in table

Table 3.62: List of Terrestrial Fauna – Core/ Buffer Zone

Sl. No.

Scientific Name

English Name Common /

Hindi Name WAP, 1972

Status ICUN

Status

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

Mammal

1 Bandicota bengalensis

Bandicoot Rat Chuha V LC

+ +

2 Canis aureus Jackal Geedhad II LC - +

3 Funambulus pennanti

Ground Squirrel Gilheri IV DD

+ +

4 Herpestes edwardsi

Indian Grey Mongoose

Nevlaa II LC

+ +

5 Lepus nigricollis

Black napped Hare

Khargosh IV LC

- +

6 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Bandar II LC + +

7 Mus booduga

Indian Field Mouse

Chuha V LC

- +

8 Rattus rattus

Common House Rat

Chuha V LC

+ +

9 Presbytis entellus

Common Languor Langur II LC

- +

10 Sus scrofa Wild Pig Suar III LC - +

11 Vulpes Indian Fox Lomdi II LC - +

CMPDI


Sl. No.

Scientific Name



Status ICUN

Status

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

bengalensis

Birds

1 Acridotheres tristis

Common myna Myna IV LC + +

2 Alcedo atthis Small blue kingfisher

Ramchiraya IV LC + +

3 Apus affinis House Swift Babeela IV LC + +

4 Ardeola grayii Indian pond heron

Andha bagula IV LC + +

5 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Bagula IV LC + +

6 Columbia livia Pigeon Kabootar IV LC + +

7 Corvus macrorhynchos

Jungle crow Kauva IV LC + +

8 Corvus splendens

House crow Kauva IV LC + +

9 Centropus sinensis

Crow pheasant Couckoo IV LC + +

10 Charadrius dubius

Little ringed plover IV LC

+ +

11 Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Neelkanth IV LC

+ +

12 Dendrocitta vagabond Indian tree pie Mahalath IV LC

+ +

13 Dicrurus macrocercus Black drango Bhujanga IV LC

+ +

14 Dinopium benghalense

Common wood pecker Katpodwa IV LC

+ +

15 Egretta alba Larger egret Bakula IV LC + +

16 Eudynamys scolopacea Indian Koel Koel IV LC

+ +

17 Halcyon smyrnensis

White-breasted kingfisher Ramchiraya IV LC

+ +

18 Haliastur Indus Brahminy kite Cheel IV LC + +

19 Merops orientalis Small bee-eater Patena IV LC

+ +

20 Milvus migrans Black kite Cheel IV LC + +

21 Passer domesticus House sparrow Goreya IV LC

+ +

22 Ploceus philippinus Baya weaver Baya IV LC

+ +

23 Psittacula krameri

Rose ringed parakeet IV LC

+ +

24 Pycnonotus cafer

Red-vented bulbul Bulbul IV LC

+ +

25 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Kabutar IV LC

+ +

26 Sturnus contra Asian pied starling Maina IV LC

+ +

27 Turdoides caudatus Common babbler Gaigai IV LC

+ +

CMPDI


Sl. No.

Scientific Name



Status ICUN

Status

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

28 Upupa epops Common hoopoe Hudhud IV LC + +

29 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled lapwing Titeeri IV LC

+ +

Reptile

1 Bungarus caeruleus

Krait Sanmp II LC + +

2 Calotes versicolor

Garden lizard Girgit II

LC + +

3 Enhydris enhydris

Smooth water snake

Sanmp II

LC + +

Naja tripudians

Common Cobra Sanmp II

LC + +

4 Natrix piscator Water Snake Sanmp II LC + +

5 Zamenis mucosus

Rat Snake Sanmp II

LC + +

Amphibian

1 Bufo melanostictus Common toad Medhak IV LC

+ +

2 Euphlyctis hexadactyla Common frog Medhak IV LC

+ +

Butteflies

1 Danaus genutia Striped tiger Teetli (5) IV LC + + Source: Field survey, Interaction with local peoples and Available literature

Apart from wildlife category the domesticated species like Goat (Capra

aegagrus); Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis); Cow (Bos primigenius); Pig (Sus scrofa

domesticus) and Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) were commonly found in villages.

The terrestrial Fauna of the survey area is of common type and there are

no rare and endangered species found in the core and buffer zone. The population

of fauna, especially mammals is found to below :

AQUATIC FAUNA

There are no water bodies in the core zone.

Aquatic flora is identified by inspecting Basundhara River, Telendra Nala,

Barhajharia Nala, Bhaina Jhor, Ichcha Nadi, Albahaljhor, water bodies, Ponds etc.

of the survey area is presented below in table 3.63.

CMPDI


Table 3.63 : List of aquatic Fauna in the core zone/buffer zone

Sl. No.

Scientific Name

English Name

Common / Hindi Name

Scheduled Status ( WAP, 1972)

ICUN Status

Core Zone

Buffer Zone

Fishes

1 Catla catla

Catla Rohu NA LC + +

2 Channa punctatus

Spotted murrel

Murrai NA LC

+ +

3 Clarias batrachus

walking catfish

Maggri NA LC

+ +

4 Labeo rohita

Rohu Rohu NA

LC + +


It is observed that, as per the IUCN – Red Data Book (RDB) endangered,

endemic and threaten species of fauna are not present within the survey area.

Table 3.64: Description of flora & fauna separately in the core and bufferzones

A. Flora Core Zone Buffer Zone

1. Agricultural crops (Vegetables)

Capsicum annum L.

Citrus limon(L.) Burm f

Cucurbita maxima Duch ex

Lam.

Lagenariasiceraria(Molina)

Standl

Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb.

Luffacylindrica(L.) M.Roem.

LycopersicumesculentumL.

Amaranthushybridus L.

Capsicum annum L.

Citrus limon(L.) Burm f

CoriandrumsativumL.

Cucurbita maxima Duch ex Lam.

Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.

Lagenariasiceraria(Molina)

Standl

Luffaacutangula(L.) Roxb.

Luffacylindrica(L.) M.Roem.

LycopersicumesculentumL.

MomordicacharantiaL.

RhapanussativusL.

SolanummelongenaL.

TrichosanthesdioicaRoxb.

2. Commerical crops

Oryza sativa L.

Zea mays L.

Brassica nigra(L.) K.Koch

CicerarietinumL.

Oryza sativa L.

SesamumorientaleL.

Zea mays L.

3. Plantation Table 3.60 Table 3.60

4. Natural vegetation / forest type

Table 3.58 Table 3.58

5. Grass lands Table 3.59 Table 3.59

6. Endangered species

None None

7. Endemic species None None

CMPDI


A. Flora Core Zone Buffer Zone

8. Others (specify) (Type of trees)

B. Fauna Core Zone Buffer Zone

1. Total listing of faunal elements

Table 3.62 Table 3.62

2. Endangered species

None None

3. Endemic species None None

4. Migratory species

None None

5. Details of aquatic fauna, if applicable

Table 3.63 Table.3.63

3.10 PLACES OF RELIGIOUS, HISTORICAL AND ARCHEO-LOGICAL IMPORTANCE

No such place exists in the study area of proposed OCP.

CMPDI


Chapter–4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT AND CONTROL MEASURES ON AIR QUALITY

INTRODUCTION

The impacts of mining and its allied activities have been assessed in respect

of air, water, noise, land resources, socio-economic bio-diversity, etc.

4.1.1 AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Dust (PM10 and PM2.5) is the major emission from mining activities in coalfield

area. Impact has been predicted for air quality taking PM10 and PM2.5 into

consideration in and around the project area. The impact assessment has been

carried out considering with the following points:

(i) Calculation of rate of generation of PM10 and PM2.5 using empirical

formulae and emission factors for different mining operations developed

by USEPA & Site specific emission rate developed by CMPDI and

CMRI Dhanbad.

(ii) Air quality impact prediction (AQIP) using AERMOD 9.1.0.

(iii) The AQIP modeling has been carried out for the capacity of 8.75 MTY.

4.1.2 CALCULATION OF RATE OF GENERATION OF PM10 & PM2.5 FROM

BASUNDHARA (WEST) EXTN. OCP USING EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS

Activity-wise emission rates have been estimated. The formulae have been

used to evaluate the emission rate for the mining activities and locations e.g. drilling,

haul road, transportation road, loading, unloading, dozing on dumps and coal

handling etc. Based on the above study, rate of generation of PM10 & PM2.5 from

Basundhara (W) Extn. OCP for 8.75 MTPA has been calculated.

CMPDI


Consideration of production and population of equipment

(i) The production schedule of 8.75 MTPA with corresponding mine

life of 12 years has been considered.

(ii) Total OB removal is 97.22 M.Cum.

(iii) The equipment, their capacity and population for 8.75 MTPA are

given in chapter 2, para 2.15.

4.1.3 AIR QUALITY IMPACT PREDICTION (AQIP) OF PM10 PM2.5 USING

AERMOD MODEL

Air quality impact prediction (for PM10 & PM2.5) for this mine was carried out

using “AERMOD Model” considering open pit, line and area sources. The model was

applied to production of 8.75 Mty for with and without control measures.

The 98%tile PM10 at baseline stations, predicted incremental PM10

concentration and absolute PM10 at various receptors are given in the following table:

Table 4.1: Predicted and Absolute value of PM10 with control measures

(Values in µg/cu. m)

Baseline Stations

Distance from boundary

and direction from center of Core

Zone

Measured PM10

(98% tile)

Predicted incre. PM10 using AQIP

Predicted absolute PM10

Without control

measures

With control

measures

Without control

measures

With control

measures

(i) (ii) (iii) (i+ii) (i+iii)

Telendih -- 98.42 29.61 21.59 128.03 120.01

Rampia 2.7 km, NW 85.00 1.72 0.97 86.72 85.97

Sumara 4.5 KM, N 81.80 2.54 1.58 84.34 83.38

Ghogharpali 3.30 KM,N 90.05 15.64 11.66 105.69 101.71

Mundelkhet 4.41 KM,W 90.25 6.92 4.97 97.17 95.22

Tikilipara 3.7 KM, SE 89.15 6.56 5.08 95.71 94.23

Chakarpur 4.14 KM, S 90.75 2.26 1.32 93.01 92.07

Kanikalan 6.9 KM, NE 89.72 0.38 0.37 90.1 90.09

Patrapalli 2.40 KM, S 85.52 3.71 2.68 89.23 88.2

CMPDI


The 98%tile PM2.5 at baseline stations, predicted incremental PM2.5

concentration and absolute PM2.5 at various receptors are given in the following table:

Table 4.2: Predicted and Absolute value of PM2.5 with control measures

(Values in µg/cu. m)

Baseline Stations

Distance from boundary

and direction from center of Core

Zone

Measured PM2.5

(98% tile)

Predicted incre. PM2.5 using AQIP

Predicted absolute PM2.5

Without control

measures

With control

measures

Without control

measures

With control

measures

(i) (ii) (iii) (i+ii) (i+iii)

Telendih -- 56.70 4.76 3.36 61.46 60.06

Rampia 2.7 km, NW 50.28 0.29 0.16 50.57 50.44

Sumara 4.5 KM, N 44.19 0.42 0.26 44.61 44.45

Ghogharpali 3.30 KM,N 50.76 2.51 1.82 53.27 52.58

Mundelkhet 4.41 KM,W 52.94 1.13 0.79 54.07 53.73

Tikilipara 3.7 KM, SE 48.38 1.09 0.83 49.47 49.21

Chakarpur 4.14 KM, S 56.55 0.38 0.21 56.93 56.76

Kanikalan 6.9 KM, NE 55.70 0.07 0.07 55.77 55.77

Patrapalli 2.40 KM, S 46.46 0.60 0.42 47.16 46.98

4.1.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

It has been observed that the maximum incremental value of PM10 was found

at Telendih (core zone) as 29.61 µg/m3 without control measures and 21.59 µg/m3

with control measures. The absolute values of PM10 at Telendih village with control

measures is observed as 120.01 µg/m3 which is well within the permissible limit of

250 µg/m3 as per coal mine standards.

In buffer zone also at all eight stations the value of PM10 and PM2.5 has been

observed well within permissible limit of NAAQS 2009 except value of PM10 at

Ghogharpali village. To further bring down the value of PM10 at Ghogharpali village,

additional control measures (eg. Fog canon) will be deployed. Apart from this three

tier green belt will also be developed at down wind direction to arrest the particulate

matter.

CMPDI


4.1.5 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient air

quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures will be adopted for

various operations like drilling operation, blasting operation, loading and transport,

coal handling plant, fires at coalfaces and coal stock yard, OB dump(s) and workshop

and stores, etc.

Drilling Operation

All drills will be equipped with dust extractors and wet drilling will be

done in all drilling operation.

Mining & Blasting operation

Major Coal production will be done by blast free environmental

friendly Surface Miner.

Controlled blasting will be done to minimize generation of dust.

Loading & transporting

Surfacing all service roads by asphalt.

Un-metaled roads shall be kept free of ruts.

Provision has been made for instant shower system.

Development of greenbelt.

Provision of silo system.

Covering of coal transportation trucks with tarpaulin at top and

bottom.

Regular cleaning of coal transportation road.

Coal handling plant & transportation system

Suppression of dust by fixed sprinklers in all critical points.

Provision of fog canon system.

Fires at coalfaces, coal stock yard

Provision of adequate fire-fighting arrangements.

Storage of water at all critical points.

Regular supervision.

CMPDI


OB dumps

Blanketing with OB materials to put off the oxygen supply

Workshop & store

Proper ventilation system.

4.2 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT AND CONTROL MEASURES ON

HYDROLOGY & HYDRO-GEOLOGY

The adverse impacts are changes in ground water flow patterns, lowering of

water table, changes in the hydrodynamic conditions of river/underground recharge

basins, reduction in volumes of subsurface discharge to water bodies / rivers,

disruption & diversion of water courses / drainages, contamination of water bodies,

affecting the yield of water from bore wells and dug-wells, etc.

Knowledge of mining impact on ground water is requisite while deciding and

designing to protect surface water bodies. Predicted mining impact on water is

broadly classified as:

4.2.1 QUANTITATIVE IMPACT & CONTROL MEASURES ON WATER

4.2.1.1 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES FOR DISRUPTION OF NATURAL

DRAINAGE NETWORK LOCATED IN THE CORE ZONE

The drainage system of the area will be undisturbed as there is no proposed

nallah diversion.

4.2.1.2 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT SURFACE WATER BODIES FROM SILTATION AND CHOKING OF WATER COURSES RESULTING IN SCARCITY OF SURFACE WATER AND FLOODING PROBLEM IN THE AREA

The drainage arrangement for smooth disposal of storm water from external

overburden dump is extremely essential to avoid gully formation on the dump body

and also siltation problem of the nearby natural drains. The following steps will be

followed for effective drainage:

CMPDI


Drainage arrangement for External OB Dumps

Catch drain

An open drain of appropriate size will be provided on all terraces at the foot

of next bench to receive the storm water from upper benches. This will be then

discharged to the lower benches through masonry chute, thus minimizing gully

formation in the slope of external dump.

Foot drain

A foot drain of proper size will be provided around the external OB dump

(portion exposed to outside only). This drain will collect run-off from dump and direct

it to settling tank/sedimentation pond before discharge to nearby natural water

courses.

Drainage arrangement for Internal OB dumps

A part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling will be

carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has reached a certain

predetermined reduced level, the plots will be leveled graded and cleared of large

stone pieces lying on the surface. The slope of the ground will be made very gentle

as far as possible (preferably less than 2%). The graded and leveled area will be

divided into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain

moisture and humus in the soil. The drainage arrangements for precipitation run-off

are as follows:

During working stage, the run-off will be collected from internal dump by

foot drain for diverting to mine sump for pumping.

In the post-mining period, the drainage pattern of the reclaimed area

will be such that the run-off will be diverted to final void of the quarry as

a measure for water harvesting.

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4.2.1.3 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT SURFACE WATER

BODIES FROM REDUCTION AND CHANGES IN STORM RUN-OFF OR

SURFACE RUN-OFF WATER COURSES

When the opencast mine is commissioned, garland drain will be provided

around the excavation boundary to guard against mine inundation due to rainfall run-

off or storm run-off. Mine water generated from excavation area by direct rainfall will

be pumped time to time for safe mine operation after meeting the internal

requirement.

4.2.1.4 PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES TO PROTECT DECLINING OF

GROUND WATER LEVEL FROM EARLY DRYING UP OF SURFACE

WATER BODIES LIKE PONDS, LAKES & STREAM FLOW

There is an intricate relationship between surface water and ground water. In

the monsoon time, till the aquifer attains its original ground water level, the surface

water bodies like stream flow, ponds & lakes recharge the aquifer. As soon as the

ground water recoups and attains its level, the groundwater contributes water to the

surface water bodies. After post-monsoon period, this process is reversed again as

the ground water level gets lowered from the original level. This recharge and

discharge system of the area brings surface water and ground water relationship

complicated. The water balance studies of this area unties the above said intricate

relationship of surface and ground water.

Considering the hydrogeological set-up of the area, the estimated radius of

influence from the available hydrogeological parameter will be 57 mts due to mine

dewatering. This mine dewatering would bring down the ground water level in the

immediate vicinity of the mine. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the

treated effluents totally to the extent possible by keeping the makeup water in

different sumps or lower bench of the mine as a measure for ‘rain water harvesting’

in the project. In unusual situations during monsoon, mine discharge water will be

allowed to go as recharge/run-off in the same basin of the area. The backfilling

operation of mining will restore water level in the immediate vicinity of the excavation

area by arresting mine seepage.

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4.2.2 QUALITATIVE IMPACT ON WATER

Mining and its related activities create water quality problems. These

problems are identified and the likely sources of water pollution from this project

along with the type of pollutants are follows:

(a) Sanitary (domestic) waste water.

(b) Industrial wastewater from workshop -- Suspended solids, oil & grease.

(c) Waste water from mine -- Suspended solids of coal, clay and oil.

(d) Surface run-off passing through coal stockpiles -- Suspended solids

(e) Storm water from leasehold area and built-up area -- Suspended solids.

4.2.2.1 EFFECTIVE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES ON QUALITY

ARE TAKEN/SHALL BE CONTINUED AT THE PROPOSED MINE

KEEPING THE FOLLOWING POINTS IN VIEW

Sufficient safeguards during the planning stage to make the project eco-

friendly from water pollution control point of view.

Recycling of wastewater after appropriate treatment to achieve "zero

discharge" to the extent possible at some sources.

Conforming to the limits of the Environment (Protection) Amendment

Rules, 2000 (“Schedules-VI”, General Standards for discharge of

environmental pollutants, Part-A : Effluents) for quality of the treated

effluent.

4.2.2.2 SANITARY (DOMESTIC) WASTE WATER

About 80% of the total consumption will contribute to sanitary waste water

which will be treated mainly for total suspended solids (TSS) and bio-chemical

oxygen demand (BOD). Therefore, depending upon the pollution load in the domestic

effluent, a suitable treatment scheme with sedimentation tank for TSS and aeration

facilities for BOD will be formulated out (Fig.-4.1) and commissioned for the project

as and when needed. Treated water will be utilized for watering the plants. Sewage

Treatment Plant (STP) will be provided for domestic waste. Water balance flow-chart

is given in Figure 4.1

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Figure 4.1: Water balance flowchart on peak demand of Basundhara West

Extn. OCP

4.2.2.3 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER FROM WORKSHOP

Industrial wastewater will be suitably treated in a plant (Fig.-4.2) consisting of

pre and post-settling chambers/tanks and oil and grease trap (OGT). The treated

effluent from this plant will be collected in a tank for recycling the same for industrial

use resulting in ‘zero discharge’. The sludge collected from the settling chamber will

be disposed off as landfill in the decoaled area. Oil and grease manually reclaimed

from the trap will be stored in drums safely for disposal through auction. Oily sludge

will be disposed off in the impervious layer lined pit.

Water balance flowchart on Peak Demand (Basundhara West Extn. OCP)

Water supply scheme and treated effluent

from the project

Potable Water Supply for Residential Colony & Service

Buildings

Industrial Effluent

Treatment Plant

Fire Fighting and

Dust Suppression

2010 m3/day

Potable water consumption Industrial consumption

500 m3/day 190 m3/day 1320m3/day

Domestic Treatment Plant

Losses

100 m3/day 400 m3/day

Treated clear water for reuse

Treated clear water for watering of plantation area

Sludge for landfill or farmyard manure

280 m3/day

150 m3/day

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4.2.2.4 WASTE WATER FROM MINE

Mine discharge water will be collected in a sump pit located in the mine floor

from where it will be pumped out and diverted to mine discharge treatment plant

(MDTP) consisting of oil and grease trap and sedimentation pond(s) with chemical

dozing arrangement to arrest suspended solids and oil and grease. Then, treated

water will be used for dust suppression in haul road and CHP besides washing of

dumpers and/or dozers in workshop. The sludge collected from the pond(s) will be

utilized as landfill in the decoaled area. The oily sludge from oil and grease trap(s)

will be disposed off in the impervious layer lined pit. Oil and grease recovered

manually from the trap(s) will be stored in drums safely for disposal through auction.

Effort will be made to keep the balance make up water in the lower benches of the

mine as a measure for “Rain Water Harvesting”. In unusual situations during

monsoon, mine discharge will be allowed to go as recharge / run-off in the same

basin of the area.

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Figure 4.2: Proposed Flow Sheet for Domestic and Effluent Treatment Plant

Pump(s)

Pump(s)

Aeration Tank Clarifier

Overflow

Sludge Drying Bed(s)

Underf

low

to

Aera

tion T

ank

Sludge for disposal as

farmyard manure

Domestic effluent from

residential colony

Screen Channel

Collection Well

Flow Sheet for Domestic Effluent Treatment Plant

Oil and Grease Trap

Manual recovery

of oil & grease

Flash Mixer

Mine discharge water

(from mine sump)

Settling Tank

Settling Tank

Settling Tank

Settling Tank

Treated Water Tank

Water for reuse for

industrial purpose

Flow Sheet for Intragrated Treatment Plant for Mine Discharge Water and Industrial Effluent

Industrial effluent

from workshop

Fig.-I

Treated

effluent for

irrigation of

gardens

Coagulant dozing

Pump(s)

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4.2.2.5 SURFACE RUN-OFF

(a) From OB dumps

The surface run-off from the OB dump will be collected in garland drain of

appropriate size provided at the foot. The foot drain will carry water to a

sedimentation pond from where the overflow would be directed into natural drain

through controlled discharge outlets. The overflow will be monitored regularly for TSS

to enable corrective actions before water meets the natural water ways.

(b) From coal dumps

Drains will be provided around the coal dumps to collect run-off for diverting

into sedimentation ponds before discharge into natural water courses.

4.2.2.6 STORM WATER

To prevent inrush of precipitation run-off from the outside area to the quarry,

storm water drains of suitable dimensions will be provided at appropriate locations

with outlets to natural water courses. Settling tanks/ponds will be provided in the

storm water drains at convenient locations to take care of suspended solids.

4.2.2.7 MEASURES FOR GROUNDWATER RECHARGING

The decoaled voids will be used for water harvesting structures.

The backfilling will arrest the mine seepage resulting restoration of

ground water in the immediate vicinity of the area.

The unlined garland drain and sedimentation pond will enhance the run-

off recharge.

Further, sufficient available rainfall recharge of aquifers will supplement

the restoration of ground water regime of the surrounding area.

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4.2.3 WATER BALANCE

Table-4.3: Gross Annual Groundwater Draft for ‘All uses’ in Buffer Zone

GROUNDWATER DRAFT Mcum

1. NET IRRIGATION USE

i. For 1384 Ha area 1.64

ii. Return flow to Groundwater system (25%) (-) 0.41

Net irrigation use 1.23

2. COMMUNITY USE

i. Total population 35376 (@ 70 lpcd for 365 days) 0.90

ii. For cattle population (10% of item i): 0.09

iii. Mine use (mine water)

(for all mines falling in the buffer zone) 1.71

Total Community use 2.70

3. NET ANNUAL MINE DISCHARGE

i Total Mine Pumping in the Area

(for all mines falling in the buffer zone) 4.35

ii Mine Use (-) 1.71

iii Total discharge after mine use 2.64

iv 20% return flow to Groundwater system (-) 0.53

v Net mine discharge in the area 2.11

4 GROSS ANNUAL GROUNDWATER DRAFT FOR ‘ALL USES’

IN BUFFER ZONE 6.04

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Table-4.4: Groundwater Recharge Estimation of Buffer Zone (As Per GEC’97)

i) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone by Rainfall Infiltration Method

Description of items

1. Area

Sedimentary (sq.km) 259.20

Hard Rock (sq.km) 138.25

2. Normal Rainfall during

a. Monsoon season (in mm) 1192.2

b. Non-monsoon season (in mm) 130.2

c. Is non-monsoon season rainfall as a percentage of normal annual rainfall greater than 10% (yes/no) (*Then Non-monsoon Rainfall Recharge will also not be taken)

No* (9.85%)

3. Rainfall infiltration factor Sedimentary Hard Rock

12% 8%

4. Rainfall recharge in Buffer zone by Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method

Sedimentary Hard Rock

Total

a. Monsoon season (Mcum) [ (1) * (2a) * (3) ]

37.01 13.16 50.17

b. Non-monsoon season (M.Cum) [ = Nil if (2c) is ‘No’ = (1) * (2b) * (3) if (2c) is ‘Yes’ ]

- - -

Total 37.01 13.16

Gross Rainfall Recharge (Mcum) 50.17

ii) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone by Water Level Fluctuation Method during monsoon season

Description of items Sedimentary Hard Rock

1. Area (sq.km) 259.2 138.25

2. Water Table Fluctuation (m) 3.17 2.21

3. Specific Yield 4% 3%

4. Change in Groundwater Storage [ (1) * (2) * (3) ] (M cum)

32.87 9.17

5. Total (M cum) 42.04

6. Gross groundwater Draft for ‘All Uses’ during monsoon season (M cum) (from Table: 7.v.1.d.)

1.60

7. Gross Rainfall Recharge (M cum) [ (5) + (6) ]

43.64

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iii) Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone after comparing results from Water Level

Fluctuation Method and Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method during monsoon

season

Description of items Quantity

1. Rainfall Recharge during monsoon season in Buffer Zone

a. By Water Level Fluctuation Method (Mcum) 43.64

b. By Rainfall Infiltration Factor Method (Mcum) 50.17

2. Difference between (1a) and (1b) expressed as a percentage of (1b), ‘PD’

[{(1a) – (1b)/ (1b)}*100] -13.02%

3. Rainfall Recharge in the Buffer Zone during monsoon season (Mcum) [ = (1a) if ‘PD’ is between -20 and +20% = 0.8 * (1b) if ‘PD’ is less than -20% = 1.20 * (1b) if ‘PD’ is greater than +20% ]

43.64

iv) Net Annual Groundwater Availability in Buffer Zone

Description of items (Mcum)

1. Rainfall Recharge in Buffer Zone

a. During Monsoon season ( Rainfall Infiltration Method ) 43.64

b. During Non-monsoon season (Rainfall Infiltration Method) (from Table: 4.4.i.4.b)

NIL

c. Annual [ (1a) + (1b) ] 43.64

2. Recharge from ‘Other Sources’

a. During Monsoon season 1.54

i. Return flow to Groundwater system (20%) through mine discharge (from Table: 6.3.)

ii. Recharge through water bodies in the area:

(6.52 sq km x 0.0014 m/d x 150)

0.17

1.37

b. During Non-monsoon season 2.73

i. Return flow to Groundwater system (25%) through irrigation (from Table: 6.1.ii.)

ii. Return flow to Groundwater system (20%) through mine discharge (from Table: 6.3.)

iii. Recharge through water bodies in the area:

(6.52 sq km x 0.0014 m/d x 215)

0.41

0.36

1.96

c. Total Annual [ (2a) + (2b) ] 4.27

3. Gross Annual Groundwater Recharge [ (1c) + (2c) ] 47.91

4. Natural discharge and other losses

a. [ 5% * (3) ] if rainfall recharge during monsoon season computed by ‘Water table Fluctuation Method’

2.40

b. [ 10% * (3) ] if rainfall recharge during monsoon season computed by ‘Rainfall Infiltration factor Method’

NIL

5. Net Annual Groundwater Availability in Buffer Zone [ (3) – (4) ] 45.51

6. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft for all uses in Buffer Zone 6.04

7. Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge (Net Annual

Groundwater Availability – Gross Annual Groundwater Draft) 39.47

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v) Gross Groundwater Draft for all uses in Buffer zone

Description of items Monsoon Season

Non-monsoon season

Total

1. Gross Groundwater Draft of the Buffer Zone [ from Table No – 4.3]

(Mcum) (Mcum) (Mcum)

a. Irrigation Draft - 1.23 1.23

b. Community Water Draft 0.90 1.80 2.70

c. Industrial Draft (Net Mine Discharge) 0.70 1.41 2.11

d. ‘All Uses’ [ (1a) + (1b) + (1c) ]

1.60 4.44

2. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft for ‘All uses’ in Buffer Zone [sum of monsoon and non-monsoon season]

6.04 Mcum

vi) Stage of Groundwater Development in Buffer Zone

Description of items Buffer Zone

1. Stage of Groundwater Development

a. Net Groundwater Availability (Mcum) (from Table: 4.4.iv.5.) 45.51

b. Annual Gross Groundwater Draft (Mcum) (from Table: 4.4.v.2.) 6.04

c. Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge 39.47

d. Stage of Groundwater Development [ {(1b) / (1a)} * 100 ] 13.27%

Table-8: Groundwater Balance of Core Zone

A. Ground Water Recharge Mcum

Recharge through rainfall in geographical area (Rg)

(3.22 sq.km x 1.3224 m rainfall x 12% infiltration) 0.51

Gross Recharge (Rg): 0.51

Natural discharges & other losses (10% of Rg): (-) 0.05

Net Annual Ground water Recharge: 0.46

B. GROUNDWATER DRAFT

Mine Pumping 1.30

20% return flow to Groundwater system (-) 0.26

Net mine discharge in the area 1.04

Industrial water consumption of mine will be fulfilled through mine pumping

Net Annual Groundwater Draft 1.04

C. Balance Available Annual Groundwater Recharge (A-B) -0.58

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The net groundwater availability and ground water draft are estimated as

45.51 Mm3 and 6.04 Mm3 respectively for this area. Moreover, it is found from the

water balance study that the balance annual groundwater recharge comes to about

39.47 Mm3 after considering mine discharge, domestic as well as cultivation

requirements of the area. Hence, it is estimated that there is surplus water available

per annum from the ground water annual recharge after catering to the future

requirement in the buffer zone.

However, in the core zone, the extraction of ground water by mining will be

1.04 Mm3 per annum, which is more than the annual rainfall recharge (0.46 Mm3).

This balance quantum (0.58 Mm3) of over extraction will be met through the

surrounding strata (buffer zone) as the water bearing geological strata cannot be

viewed in isolation, as core zone is <5% of its buffer zone area.

Groundwater balance diagram and Water usage diagram is given in Figure

4.3, and 4.4 respectively

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Figure 4.3: Groundwater balance flow diagram of buffer zone, Basundhara West Extn. OCP

Precipitation (A) (All Values are in M.Cu.m)

Evaporation

1322.4 mm

Surface Runoff

Specific Yield Sedimentary 4.0%

Hard rock: 3%,

5% Net Draft

of Rg (10.08)

Evapotranspiration

Land System

(397.45 sq.km)

Gross annual Groundwater

Recharge (Rg)

(47.91)

Nearby Old Abandoned quarry/peripheral village

pond/Agriculture field

Net Mine Discharge

(2.11)

Sedimentation Tank /Filter

Plant

Net Irrigation

use (1.23)

Oil & Grease

Trap

Balance Annual Available

Groundwater Resource

(39.47)

Natural

Discharges &

other losses

(2.40)

Community use (2.70)

Soak Pit

Industrial use Domestic use

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Figure 4.4: Water usage diagram of Basundhara West Extn. OCP

(All Values are in m3 / day)

2391 m3/day Industrial Need 190 m3/day 394 m3/day 1019 m3/day 20% Infiltration loss 788 m3/day

Fire fighting Service

394 m3/day

Haul road watering/Dust Suppression /water losses 788 m3/day

Sedimentation

Tank

2391 m3/day

HEMM Washing/ Workshop needs/floor washing

190 m3/day

Irrigation, Water supply & other uses in peripheral villages

Sedimentation and filtration

20% loss

2391 m3/d

Pond/ Tank/Old

quarry

(815 m3/day)

MINE DISCHARGE

2989 m3/day

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4.2.4 GROUNDWATER STAGE DEVELOPMENT

Coal mining is the major industrial activity in the area. CGWB, South Eastern Region,

Bhubaneswar has reported the stage of ground water development in Hemgir development

block (where Basundhara West Extn. OCP exist), Sundergarh district as 15.05 % and

identified the region with category “Safe”. The ground water development in Sundergarh

district was reported as 26.14 % and identified under the category of “Safe”. Stage of

groundwater development for buffer zone of the project area determined is about 13.27 %,

which is also under ‘safe’ category.

4.2.5 WATER DEMAND AND SUPPLY ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PROJECT

Water demand Quantity (KLD)

Potable 500

Industrial (including fire-fighting) 1510

Total 2010

The potable water requirement will be met from Basundhara (East) OCP old

Quarry. Industrial water demand will be met initially from Basundhara (West) OCP

sump water and after stabilization of proposed mine, the water will be used from its

own mine sump.

4.2.6 PREDICTED MINE WATER INFLOW AND DISPOSAL

Table 4.5: Predicted Inflow (Mm3/annum)

Source Predicted Inflow (Mm3/annum)

Seepage from strata and surrounding, etc. 1.09

The waste water from mine will be collected in a sump pit located in the mine

floor from where it will be pumped out and diverted to a sedimentation pond to arrest

suspended solids. Then, the clear water will be recycled for industrial use, fire

fighting, watering of plants and dust suppression in haul road besides washing of

dumpers or dozer in workshop. The pumping of mine water during mining in

Basundhara West Extn. OCP will not adversely affect the ground water regime in the

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surrounding area due to availability of sufficient replenishable annual ground water

recharge in the area. As a matter of fact, the mine make-up water will be conserved

in the lower benches as a step for rain water harvesting to meet project water

requirement.

4.2.7 CONCLUSION

The following conclusion is drawn from the above study:

Mining operation will create voids or depressions, which are inducing or

accelerating rainfall recharge and run-off in the mining area.

After considering mine discharge, domestic as well as cultivation

requirements, the balance annual groundwater recharge comes to

about 39.47 Mm3/annum.

Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the treated effluents

totally to the extent possible by keeping the make-up of water in different

sumps or low lying area of the project.

4.3 NOISE QUALITY

4.3.1 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The major adverse impacts during pre-mining and mining phases are

generation of obnoxious levels of noise & vibrations which also spread in

neighbouring communities.

The other impacts are occupational health hazards, damage to structures,

disruption in wildlife, etc.

NOISE PRODUCING SOURCES

The sources of noise will be:

Drilling operation in OB

Blasting for overburden

Operation of HEMMs

Operation of equipment in CHP, workshop, etc.

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The noise associated with mining activities may be classified into three types:

Continuous

Intermittent

Impulse

IMPACT OF NOISE

The workmen associated with the operation of HEMMs, etc. will

experience a noise level above stipulated 90 dB (A) [DGMS Circular, No.18

(Tech.) of 1975] for more than 4-4.5 hours per shift. Unless suitable

mitigatory measures are taken, high noise pollution will have impact on the

workmen. It is worthwhile to mention that intermittent and impulse noises are

considered to be less dangerous than continuous noise due to the short

exposure duration except under the situation when the level exceeds 115 dB

(A).

4.3.2 NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES

The following control measures shall be taken:

Proper designing of plant & machinery by providing in-built mechanisms

like silencers, mufflers and enclosures for noise generating parts and

shock absorbing pads at the foundation of vibrating equipment.

Routine maintenance of equipment.

Rational deployment of noise generating plant and machinery.

Greenbelts around the quarry, infrastructure sites, service building area

and township besides avenue plantation on both sides of the roads to

maintain noise level at night time within the limit for the inhabited

localities situated at a very close proximity.

Locating township away from noise centre.

HEMMs with sound proof cabins.

Provision of isolation for vibrating equipment (both fixed and mobile)

foundation.

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Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise

areas.

Regular monitoring of noise levels at various points.

4.4 RISKS AND HAZARDS

Risks and hazards arise mainly from blasting and mine occupational activities

and are well established.

4.4.1 IMPACT ON BLASTING VIBRATION

Blasting may affect the mineworkers as well as people residing in the vicinity

of mine and dependent upon the type & quantity of explosives used pit geology,

topography and confinement of the blast.

Measures for safe blasting

Due attention will be given to the following factors:

(a) All provisions of Coal Mines Regulations will be followed.

(b) Overcharging will be avoided and quantity of explosive will be decided

as per conditions imposed by DGMS.

(c) Stemming material to be used is sand. However, the drill cuttings and

chips of triangular shape can be used as an effective stemming material

with proper packing.

(d) Use of millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube

initiation system, between rows and between holes in the same row.

(e) Blasting will be done in day time during the shift change over period as

per requirement. However, the frequency of blasting will depend upon

the availability of land (tenancy in particular), DGMS permission for use

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of explosive, meteorological condition, geo-mining condition and

method of mining.

(f) Before blasting is done, warning sound is given so that people can

move to safe places.

4.4.2 BLASTING AND VIBRATION CONTROL MEASURES

Proper conformation to measures for safe blasting as mentioned above,

to avoid damage to any structure or annoyance to the people in the

colony area or neighbouring villages.

Proper design factor will be taken while constructing various structures

for stability against vibration.

A blasting danger zone will be kept around the periphery of the quarry.

This zone will be kept free from village habitation and community

infrastructure and thus impact of vibration after blasting on the surface

structures is avoided.

Controlled blasting will be done near built-up areas and surface

features, as and when required.

Adoption of present day technology of use of site mixed slurry (SMS)

explosives.

4.5 IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE

The major adverse impact is the displacement and rehabilitation /

resettlement of affected people including change in culture, heritage & related

features. The crime and illicit activities also prop-up due to sudden economic

development of the area.

POSITIVE IMPACTS:

The project is likely to give a boost to the economy of the area and providing

primary and secondary sectors employment to local people.

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Project will lead to development of ancillary industries and an overall economic

growth of nearby towns to supplement the population of the area.

Project proponent will ensure to connect even last people with the

infrastructural facility like educational, health, road etc in the locality.

Social-economic aspects of local inhabitants will be dealt with CSR activities in

the region as per the schedule VII activities of Company Act, 2013.

NEGATIVE IMPACTS:

There are two villages (Ratansara & Gopalpur(P)) that fall within the Core

zone of the project in which 316 Project affected Families (PAFs) are to be

rehabilitated and resettled (R&R). It will also affect the social structures of the

villages.

There will be transformation of many aspects of human life like social

structures, livelihood pattern, health institution, education etc which is subject

to realization and behavioral change of the PAFs.

4.5.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC MITIGATION MEASURES:

A) Resettlement/Rehabilitation

This is a new mine. The R&R are being carried out under the direction of

“Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the purpose.

Table 4.6: R&R Implementation Status

Telendih (Part of village

Gopalpur)

Cat Total PAFs

Entitle for Resettlement

benefits Employment

Monetary Compensation

Total Project

Affected Persons

Employment Provided

MC Paid

I 90 90 55 35 234 40 30

III 6 0 4 2 16 0

96 90 59 37 250 40 30

Other displaced families

9 0 0 0 33

TOTAL 105 90 59 37 283

Ratansara (Part)

The compensation roll of village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on 16.01.2016 & partial survey was completed, rest has been left due to agitation of villagers.

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B) Secondary Employment opportunities

There will be spontaneous economic stimulus in the area with the

commencement of expansion of opencast mine. Traders and private enterprises will

grow in the area with this economic growth. Besides, the State exchequer will derive

financial revenues through levy of royalty, sales tax etc. and Central Government will

also be benefited by way of Central Sales Tax, Income Tax, Cess‘s etc.

C) Educational Facilities

There are 87 primary schools, 45 middle schools, 18 secondary schools, 5

Senior Secondary School, 1 ITI and 3 colleges etc educational institutions in the

study area. Project proponent will look after the skill development needs of the

people through CSR activities.

D) Medical Facilities

There are 1 CHC, 15 primary health sub centre and 1 maternity & child welfare

centre, 5 dispensary etc are located in the area. There is one dispensary and one

hospital of project proponent are also operating in the area.

Every worker is to be periodically checked up once in every five years

keeping proper record of their health profile including X-ray and laboratory tests by

establishing and extending pathological facilities. The importance of such periodical

medical examination is to detect and prevent occupational diseases like

Pneumoconiosis and Tuberculosis. The mining activities expose workers to some

injuries and health hazards. Incidence of occupational disease and injuries and

health hazards has not been recorded in those health centers / hospitals.

E) Preventive measures: -

The project proponent authorities have adopted following measures to prevent

occupational diseases and health hazards.

Pre-employment, pre-placement and periodic medical examination of

employees.

Regular monitoring of working environment and implementation of safety and

control measures, to prevent hazards.

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Use of protective equipments, clothing, helmets, Gas mask, shoes, etc.

Periodical medical examination of every worker is done to detect preventable

and curable diseases at an early stage.

Status of CSR In Basundhara Area

Sector wise CSR Expenditure in respect of Basundhara Area, project

proponent for the financial Year 2015-16 to 2018-19.

Table 4.7: Sector wise CSR expenditure details for last four years

CSR Expenditures of Basundhara Area for the period 2015-16 to 2018-19 (Amount in lakhs)

Sl No Head 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

1 Drinking Water 62.22 9.33 9.69 24.21

2 Education 36.37 16.53 19.21 27.5

3 Healthcare 2.01 0.95 0.87 69.99

4 Road 816.12 590.37 5.02 125.68

5 Rural Sports, arts and culture 17.41 14.63 12.43 12.65

6 Others 49.98 716.43 433.9 68.78

Total 984.11 1348.24 481.12 328.81

In FY 2018-19, there is Rs. 328.81 lakhs which has been successfully spent

under the CSR to take care the community residing in the Basundhara area.

Areas to be covered under the CSR activities:

1. Supply of water for drinking and domestic use in the nearby villages.

2. Education facility is to be enhanced in the area to improve the education level

of the villagers. It is also needed that a facilitator in the school may also

improve the quality of teaching and will be interactive and participatory.

3. Medical facilities in the area is to be enhanced so that symptoms of illness

may be reduced.

4. It is required to work on the cleanliness and toilet construction in the area as

open defecation is prevalent in the area.

5. There is need to develop places for community use like community centres,

play ground etc.

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6. It is also need of the time to connect the villagers to different skill

development and livelihood programmes so that economical condition can be

improved and quality of life.

7. It is also needed that to do forward linkage of the finished goods of the nearby

areas.

4.6 IMPACT ON BIO-DIVERSITY

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict

the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program or

project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.

Possible Impacts

The major adverse impacts due to pre-mining and mining phases are loss of

habitat, biodiversity, flora & fauna, fisheries & other aquatic life, migration of wildlife

and overall disruption of the ecology of the area. Due to mining activity, the land use

will undergo progressive changes involving quarrying, transportation etc. The physical

and / or biological reclaimed land would undergo transformation over time which would

have positive impact on environment.

As per Simpsons biodiversity index, the Core zone values ranged between

0.33 - 0.72, which is lower than buffer zone forest 0.72 - 0.80. This suggests that there

are more species in the buffer zone of the study area. The values calculated through

this index reflects the good biodiversity in the study area as a whole. Therefore, due to

mining activities, there would be direct as well as indirect impact on ecology and

biodiversity. The Project Proponent therefore needs to provide adequate measures for

minimizing the impact on biodiversity and also carry out extensive plantation and

afforestation in an open areas for creating and augmenting natural resources.

It is found that both core and buffer zones are found to be free from

endangered / endemic species of Flora and Fauna, migratory species of Fauna,

migratory corridors, breeding and spawning grounds are not present within the survey

area of the project. However, the buffer zone has several patches of natural forest

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which needs to be conserved and extensive afforestation plan is recommended for

augmenting natural resources.

In the area mining activities are going on. The population of fauna, especially

mammals is found to be low. So there will be no adverse impact on the fauna existing

in the project impact zone.

4.6.1 IMPACT ON FLORA

The core zone vegetation is partially natural, remaining are agricultural lands

predominantly paddy cultivated. The wild vegetation is denuded by the neighbouring

villagers. Only few sporadic trees (Mahua, tendu, kadam, neem, mango) present.

Invaded shrubs like Chromolaena, wild sponge guard, are frequently present. The

buffer zone vegetation contains some patches of Sal forest, agriculture lands and a

small hill range forest. The natural ecosystem will be disturbed in the core zone area

because of the mining project. When the project is started, the people living in the

core zone area will start using the bio resources of the buffer zone area, which leads

some impact on the natural ecosystem of the buffer zone.

4.6.2 IMPACT ON FAUNA

The Project area comes under IB valley Coalfield, where mining activities are

prevalent since last many years. There were no major faunal habitats in the proposed

mining area. During survey, it was observed that endangered, endemic and migratory

species were not present in the study area. Also, migratory corridors, flight paths and

spawning grounds were not present in the study area. However, Post mining phase it

is suggested to reclaim the mine spoil area through adequate technical & biological

reclamation methods, so that the vegetation will support habitat development for

various types of faunal species.

4.6.3 CONTROL MEASURES

4.6.3.1 CONTROL MEASURES TO REDUCE THE IMPACT ON FLORA

The enhancement of forest area occurs due to measures like biological

reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture / afforestation,

compensatory afforestation creation of greenbelt and avenue plantation.

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Water body created by the final voids is beneficial to flora as the area is

prone to water scarcity.

This project will have no detrimental impact on diversity of floral species

within terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

4.6.3.2 CONTROL MEASURES TO REDUCE IMPACT ON FAUNA

The balance in the regional population will be maintained in natural

course, owing to existing undisturbed forest areas in the vicinity of the

project. The increase in green cover due to implementation of various

measures like biological reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture /

afforestation adopted by the mine establishment will be an added

bonus, though expected in distant future.

The mine will be a “zero-discharge” one. If required, water is

discharged only after suitable treatment. No adverse impact on

downstream aquatic life of surface water courses is expected.

The project is not likely to have impact on the faunal species diversity

within the terrestrial and aquatic habitats.

4.6.4 SPECIES COMPOSITION FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

Creation of a greenbelt with local species will enhance the project

area. The greenbelt should be developed around the quarry,

infrastructure sites, service building area and township besides

avenue plantation on both sides of the roads.

The purpose of a green belt around the mining site is to capture the

fugitive emissions, attenuate the noise generated and improve

aesthetics. Green vegetation cover is beneficial in many ways in

terms of conservation of biodiversity, retention of soil moisture,

recharge of ground water and maintaining pleasant micro climate of

the region. In addition, vegetation cover can also absorb pollutants

from the environment and helps in effective pollution control.

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The mix of species suggested for green belt development are

presented below in table 4.8. This may be taken up after due

consultation with concerned forest division.

Table 4.8: List of Plants recommended for green belt development/ land

reclamation

Common Name Family Name Botanical Name

Babool Leguminosae Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd ex Delile

Australian black wattle Leguminosae Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn ex Benth.

Bitter Albizia Leguminosae Albizia amara (Roxb.) B.Boivin

Sirish Leguminosae Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth

Black sirish Leguminosae Albizia odoratissima (L.f.) Benth.

White sirish Leguminosae Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth.

Saptaparni Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

Kadam Rubiaceae Anthocephalus chinensis (Lamk)A. Rich ex Walp

Jack tree Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllusLam.

Neem Meliaceae Azadirachta indica (L.) A.Juss.

Bamboo Bombacaceae Bambusa arundinaceae L.

Polash Leguminosae Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.

Papita Caricaceae Carica papaya L.

Yellow oleander Apocynaceae Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold

Avenue cassia Leguminosae Cassia siamia Lamk.

Coconut Arecaceae Cocos nucifera L.

Seasam Leguminosae Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC

Gulmohur Leguminosae Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Raffin

Putrajevi Euphorbiaceae Drypetus roxburghii (Wall.) Hurus

Silk cotton Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn

Coral tree Leguminosae Erythrina indica Lam.

Eucalyptus, blue gum Myrtaceae Eucalyptus teriticornis Sm.

Udumbara, Fig Moraceae Ficus racemosa L.

Bassora tragacanth, ghost tree

Malvaceae Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight

Quick stick Leguminosae Gliricidia sepium (Jack.) Kunth ex Walp.

Silver oak Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunn ex R.Br.

Bitter orange Rutaceae Citrus aurantium L.

Banaba Lythraceae Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers

Subabol Leguminosae Lucina leucophloea (Lamk) de wit

Shajan Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam.

Copper pod Leguminosae Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) Baker ex Heyne

Jungle Jilepe Leguminosae Pithecellobium dulce L.

Karanj Leguminosae Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

Ashoka Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia(Sonn.)Thw.

Guava Myrtaceae Psidium guajava L.

Kusum Sapindaceae Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.

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Common Name Family Name Botanical Name

Sal Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Gaertn f

Java olive tree Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida L.

Vijaysar Leguminosae Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.

Teak Verbenaceae Tectona grandis L.

Portia tree Malvaceae Thespesia populnea (Linn) Soland ex corr

Kutajau Apocynaceae Wrightia tinctoria R.Br.

Kutajau Apocynaceae Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb.

4.7 IMPACT ON LAND USE AND LANDSCAPE

4.7.1 IMPACT ON LAND USE PATTERN

The major direct impacts on existing land use during the pre-mining phase

are the removal of vegetation and resettlement of displaced population. There may

also be land use changes with respect to agriculture, fisheries, recreation sites,

housing, forestry areas, etc. Land reclamation / restoration of mined out lands may

give rise to enhanced beneficial land use.

There exists major environment impacts due to landscape disruption

particularly visuals (unsightly huge dumps, voids, mine structures, subsidence, mine

fires, etc.). During mining and post-mining phases drastic changes in landscape with

landforms take place. The major associated impacts are soil-erosion, loss of top soil,

change in complete geology & voids, disposal of wastes, deforestation, etc.

Irrespective of the type of mining used for extracting coal, mining invariably

results in enormous land disturbance – e.g. large scale excavation, removal of top

soil, dumping of solid wastes, cutting of roads, creation of derelict land, etc. Opencast

mining has more potential impact on land than underground mining. With improved

technology, opencast coal mining is being used extensively because of its cost

effectiveness and productivity; though it results in large-scale land disturbance. The

alteration in land use pattern due to infrastructure is not to be considered as true

change as these facilities can be utilized for some other purposes after the mining

operation is over. The alteration in land use pattern due to activities of quarrying and

external dumping of OB materials may be considered as true change in land use

pattern.

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4.7.2 POST CLOSURE LAND USE

Sl. No.


Land Use (Ha)

Plantation Water-Body

Public Use Undisturbed/

Dip side slope Total

1 External OB

Dump Nil --


3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87

4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57

5 Green Belt 6.48 -- -- -- 6.48

Mine lease

Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92


4.7.3 CONTROL MEASURES TO RESTORE LAND USE & LANDSCAPE

There is no external dumping in proposed project for initial three years

7.66 Mm3 of OB will be dumped internally in 36.0 Ha of existing

Basundhara (W) OCP mine void.

From 3rd year of production internal backfilling will be started in its own

quarry.

Appropriate garland drain is to be provided to collect run-off.

Backfilled area is to be reclaimed biologically and technically.

During the process, the geometrical shape of the dumps is altered to

make it amenable to effective biological reclamation and also to provide

safety and stability.

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The face slopes of the dump will be maintained at the natural angle of

repose of the material and at overall slope angle of 26o to 28o. Suitable

arrangement will be made for collection of storm water.

At initial stage scrapped top soil will be stored separately and reused as

early as possible to layover the backfilled area for biological

reclamation.

Arboriculture is to be carried out in the vacant areas.

Proper afforestation/plantation are to be carried out for greenbelt

development.

4.8 IMPACT ON TRAFFIC MOVEMENT & CONTROL MEASURES

Surface Miner (-100mm) coal from benches will be transported by rear

dumpers to the newly constructed Sardega siding, which is adjacent to the mine

lease.

The following impacts are anticipated:

Ambient air on the both sides of the road will be affected due to PM10,

PM2.5, SO2 and NOX.

Noise nuisance due to movement of HEMMs.

Creation of ruts and potholes on the surface of the road.

Road accidents.

The following control measures will be adopted:

Plantation on both sides of the roads on the surface.

Proper maintenance of road to remove ruts and potholes.

Proper illumination of roads including haul road.

4.8.1 VISUAL/AESTHETIC IMPACTS & CONTROL MEASURES

The following visual impacts are anticipated:

Due to excavation of coal and OB as well as transportation, the area

may have spots of eyesore, unless proper mitigatory measures are

adopted.

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Water logging may occur due to changes in the drainage pattern of the

area.

Loss in aesthetic value of the surrounding environment.

The following control measures will be adopted :

Physical and biological reclamation of mined out land to the extent

possible to ameliorate the environment.

Regular supervision to detect the spots of eyesore and to remove the

same immediately.

4.9 IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH

Various respirable and water-borne diseases are cause of concern for public

health and safety in mining areas due to high intensity dust nuisance and pollution of

water bodies and contaminated water supply. Health care centers (medical centers)

are usually distantly located and provision of medical facilities by project developers

results in beneficial impact. There is a general cause of concern for safety due to

blasting/ explosions, noise & vibrations, etc.

4.9.1 CONTROL MEASURES ON PUBLIC HEALTH

By providing good quality sanitation, medical facilities and other

infrastructural facilities, there is likelihood of reduction in disease. However, regular

medical check up of employees particular those put on risky and occupational

hazards will be done periodically in different projects of MCL and same will be

continued for this project also.

4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA)

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict

the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program or

project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.

During survey it is observed that, areas which are important or sensitive for

ecological reasons – wetlands, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains are not present

within the 10 km buffer zone of the project. Also, Areas used by protected, important or

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sensitive species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over

wintering, migration are not present within the study area.

Possible Impacts:

The land use will undergo progressive changes involving quarrying,

transportation, etc. At the end of mine life the proposed land use area will be same as

pre-mining land use. Post mining land use will consists of reclamation area, water

body, dip side slope, plantation area, built-up area, undisturbed area, etc.

Traffic will increase for the transportation of men and material. Dust particles

will be generated due to these and project activities. But, these will be within the

limits. There will be marginal or no impact on terrestrial species (plants & animals),

nearby Crops, aquatic species, Habitats, aesthetic of the area and natural resources.

Impacts on flora

The impact on the terrestrial ecosystem due to operation of the proposed

mining would mainly occur from deposition of air pollutants. There will be loss of

vegetation by excavation and dumping thereby affecting the species for which such

vegetation was the host. The effects of air emissions on nearby vegetation and crop

lands are not likely to be injurious and noticeable as the pollutants concentrations are

expected to be well within the prescribed standards.

Impacts on fauna

As the fauna is closely related to and dependant on the flora, there will be

movement of species away from mine lease area due to noise, vibrations and lights.

This project is an ongoing project.

As these are ongoing projects adjacent to the proposed project, the fauna of

the area will not be disturbed.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

Environmental Management Plan is the key to ensure that the environmental

quality of the area does not deteriorate due to the operation of the project. An EMP is

a site-specific plan developed to ensure that all necessary measures are identified

and implemented in order to protect the environment and comply

with environmental legislation.

Dust Pollution Control

Continuous water sprinkling should be carried out on the roads to prevent

dusting due to vehicle movements.

Noise Pollution Control

Noise pollution created due to the project activities can be mitigated through

development of green belts with dense woody growth and wider crown trees.

Creation of green barriers through afforestation in degraded and vacant areas in

core and buffer zone have a long term benefits in reducing ambient air quality, for

clean air, sound, dust barrier, carbon sink, soil conservation, ecological restoration of

the natural systems and landscape development.

Reclamation of Degraded Mining Areas

The degraded land and OB dumps should be biologically reclaimed which will

improve the green cover in the area. Adequate numbers of vegetation should be

grown on the top surface and slopes of the dumps in order to arrest the erosion of

soil and it also reduces surface runoff, which helps averting siltation of natural

watercourses. In order to arrest siltation from OB dump, catch drains and garland

drains of adequate size should be constructed around the periphery of external OB

Dumps. Also, garland drains of adequate size should be provided around the quarry

edges. These drains should be regularly desilted before onset of every monsoon.

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Greenbelt Development:

Degraded vegetation and fallow lands should be converted into vegetable

farms. Creation of three tier plantation with tall growing tress all along the periphery of

the coal handling area, inside & outside of the premises along with roads can prevent

spreading of dust pollution.

Planting of diversified fruit yielding and flowering trees of evergreen and

deciduous variety could provide continuous supply of food resource as well as

perching sites, nesting materials and shelter to arboreal fauna. The plant species

which are useful for green barrier development to prevent dust and noise pollution,

planting in the degraded mine leased areas are as follows.

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Chapter – 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Coal accounts to 56% of India’s primary commercial energy. About 73% of

pwer generated in India’s from coal. Therefore, coal industry in India has expanded

enormously over the years in terms of volume of production and is poised to grow

rapidly in future also to meet the over increasing energy demand.

In order to meet growing energy demand, opening of new coal mines and

expansion of existing mines are being planned.

The mining operation like drilling, blasting, extraction, transportation, crushing

and other associated activities are carried out in opencast mining. Mining operations

may affect the environment & ecology, unless carefully planned and controlled.

There is a need for balance between mining and environmental requirement.

5.2 MINING TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

This project lies on west of Basundhara West OCP (7.0 Mty). Total 369.77

Ha land is required for the project out of which 227.62 Ha is forest land. Total Mine

Lease Area is 323.92 Ha.

The life of the proposed project is 12 Years. Total Extractable Reserve is

92.73 Mt.

MP/MCP has been prepared for mining the total area available under coal

block named “Chaturdhara Block” of Ib-valley coalfield. All drawings, estimates and

calculations are based on final Geological reports for Chaturdhara block.

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5.2.1 MINING METHOD

The proposed mining block represents presence of multiple coal seams with

intermediate varying parting. Seams occur in wide area having power grade coal

reserve. So this will make the project most viable by adopting opencast mining

method.

5.2.2 CHOICE OF TECHNOLOGY

Different technologies like shovel-dumper mining, dragline mining, bucket

wheel excavator mining and surface miner-payloader-truck mining are available for

opencast mining.

For coal deposit in block under consideration, surface miner-payloader-dump

truck mining is proposed. In the earlier approved report, shovel dumper mining

system was proposed for removal of OB above the seams. The same is to continue.

Considering the annual target capacity of 8.75 Mt and corresponding yearly

overburden removal, higher capacity of shovel and dumpers are suggested for top

overburden removal. Top overburden above various seams will be removed by level

slicing method.

Operation of surface miner is found to be successful and environment

friendly as it does not require drilling, blasting and crushing of coal. For the proposed

extension project report it is assumed that coal production of 8.75 Mty will be by

surface miners. Surface miners will be working in windrowing method. In windrowing

mode the cut material is directly discharged behind the machine without using a

conveyor. Therefore the cutting operation is independent from the truck loading

operation, but the coal has to be rehandled by the front end loader which in turn

loads the coal into the dump truck. For many reasons, the higher productivity in

windrowing method compensates the rehandling cost. In addition, no belt wear and

no operating cost for conveyor will arise when working with windrowing mode of

operation.

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5.2.3 MINING SYSTEM & SYSTEM PARAMETERS

Benches will be aligned along general strike. Bench floor should follow own

seam floor/roof or that of adjacent seam. Main bench parameters for above

mentioned equipments are:

Maximum bench height : 10-12 m for 10 cum electric rope shovel and 6-8

m or less for 2.5-3Cum hydraulic shovel. Bench width : 22-32 m for overburden with 10cum electric

rope shovel. Coal bench width will be kept at a minimum width of 50m for surface miner operations.

Working angle : 700 with horizontal for individual working bench. Again, bench dimensions may vary with different equipments deployed.

5.3 BASIC MINE PARAMETERS Following table shows broad mining parameters of the proposed mine:

Table – 5.1: Geo-Mining Characteristics

Sl. No. Particulars Unit As per Extn. PR (8.75 Mty)

1 Area

i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05*

ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35*


3 Overburden Mcum 97.22




7 Strike length

i) Minimum m 951

ii) Maximum m 2757

8 Depth of quarry

i) Minimum m 3

ii) Maximum M 116

9 Avg. seam thickness M 24.05

10 Gradient - 30 - 80

11 Quarry perimeter Total M 8653.82

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5.4 MINING STRATEGY

5.4.1 CONSTRAINTS ON MINE DEVELOPMENT

The proposed mining area included an extension of the approved quarry

boundary, by approximately 3.3 km to its west. This results in additional quarry area

of 306.5 ha(3.06 sq.km). This area has been annexed on the western side of the

quarry, crossing Basundhara river, flowing from north to south. There is no constraint

in mine development upto the presently fixed mine/quarry boundaries.

5.4.2 SEQUENCE OF MINING

Top soil is proposed to be removed and stacked either in temporary storage

areas or directly transported to backfilled area and leveled for reclaimation.

Top overburden would be excavated by 10m3 electric hydraulic shovels and

parting would be excavated by 5m3/2.5m3 hydrualic shovels.

Coal is proposed to be excavated by deploying surface miner along with a

combination of F.E.L. 5-6 cum & 60T rear dumpers.

5.4.3 ACCESS TRENCH

This quarry has been developed using an access trench originating 80m

(approx.) north of CMHG-024 and the same will be used for this quarry during its

advance towards dipside. The main haul road is proposed to be advanced straight

along the (approx.) dip direction of the quarry.

5.4.4 MINE DEVELOPMENT

The seam gradient varies from 3o to 8o. Higher capacity shovels are

proposed to be deployed for top overburden removal. Partings are proposed to be

removed by smaller capacity shovels.

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Chapter – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND MONITORING ORGANIZATION

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 6.1.1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental management system is a system for maintaining and

reviewing the sustainable development of the mining project. It is the part of the

overall management system which includes an organization structure, planning

activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, process and resources for

developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental

policy.

6.1.2 AIMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Identification and control, impacts and risks.

Establishing an environmental policy, objectives and targets including

compliance with legislation.

Indentifying environmental opportunities.

Monitoring and continual improvement of environmental performance.

6.1.3 PROCEDURES FOR IMPLEMENTATION

For the implementation of the Environmental Management System

within an organization, the first step is to define the environmental

policy.

The top management of the organization defines and documents its

environmental policy.

The second step is to conduct initial environmental reviews like

legislative and regulatory requirement, an identification of significant

environmental aspects, an examination of all existing environmental

management practices and procedures and an evaluation of feedback

from the investigation of the previous incidents to assess the company’s

environmental conditions.

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6.1.4 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

The Environmental Policy Statement and objectives of Corporate

Environmental Policy, 2012 of Coal India Limited is given below:

Coal India Limited (CIL) is committed to protect the environment through

prevention, mitigation of pollution, proper disposal and recycling of wastes,

conservation of bio-diversity and bringing awareness among all its stakeholders for

continual improvement in environmental performances following the best practices.

Objectives:

Coal India Limited shall endeavor to:

i. Conduct mining and associated operations in an environmentally

responsible manner to comply with applicable laws and other

requirements related to environmental aspects and Design Projects with

due consideration of Sustainable Development.

ii. Prevent pollution of surrounding habitation by continuous monitoring

and adopting suitable measures for environment protection.

iii. Ensure compliance of Environment Clearance (EC) and Forestry

Clearance (FC) conditions and other statutory conditions issued by

regulatory agencies.

iv. Implement Environment Management Plans (EMP) in all mines

effectively to mitigate pollutions of air, water, noise and land caused by

mining operations.

v. Strive to conserve bio-diversity.

vi. Conserve natural resources through the principle of REDUCE, REUSE,

RECYCLE, REDEFINE and REPLACE. Put special thrust on efficient

energy utilization as a measures to reduce carbon foot-print.

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vii. Strive for continual improvement in our environmental performances by

setting targets, measuring progress and taking corrective actions.

viii. Create awareness about environment among the employees and the

local communities through pro-active communication and training.

In view of the present fast changing social, economic and environmental

scenario, this policy shall be reviewed every 5 years to incorporate the changes in

the legal, technical, environmental, economic and social inputs prevailing at that time.

Whenever, there is change in National Environmental Policy or other National / State

relevant policies, Acts, etc., this Corporate Environmental Policy would be reviewed

and suitably revised.

6.2 MONITORING ORGANISATION 6.2.1 CORPORATE LEVEL

Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL), the owner of this project, has an

Environment Department headed by a General Manager (Envt & Forest) at its HQs.

The department provides necessary support that is required for environmental

management of various mining projects under the jurisdiction of the company.

6.2.2 AREA LEVEL

MCL has been divided into a number of administrative units known as Area

each headed by a CGM/GM. The CGM/GM(s) of the Area(s) coordinate the

rehabilitation scheme, land reclamation, plantation, compensatory afforestation and

other environmental control measures including environmental quality monitoring in

consultation with the State Govt., Environmental Cell(s) of Area(s) and MCL (HQs),

Orissa Forest Development Corporation (OFDC), State Forest Dept., Staff Officer

(Environment) and SO (L&R) of the Area. The Staff Officer (Environment) gets the

necessary ministerial and other infrastructure facilities including a vehicle for

movement for effective implementation of various measures from the office of

CGM/GM of the Area.

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6.2.3 PROJECT LEVEL

The environmental management activities of the project will be carried out

under the overall supervision of the Project Officer. Following persons will be

provided for execution of the activities:

(a) Project Manager – Overall in charge of coal production, overburden

removal, land reclamation, safety, security and environmental control

measures of the mine and the persons working therein, R&R activities,

etc. He provides all the technical & administrative support for carrying

out the above activities.

(b) Project Safety Officer- Responsible for safety of the mine and

workers, control of air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, ground

vibration, fire-fighting, etc.

(c) Project Civil Engineer – Responsible for construction and

maintenance of effluent treatment plants, black topping & metalling of

roads & haul roads, cleaning and overall housekeeping of the CHPs,

railway siding, construction and maintenance of check dams, garland

drains, fixed sprinkler at haul road, railway siding, etc.

(d) Project E&M Engineer – Responsible for dust suppression

arrangement in CHP & in surrounding area, firefighting arrangement in

CHP, coal stock etc.

(e) Project Excavation Engineer – Responsible for providing the water

tankers, dozers, graders etc. for air pollution control activities and land

reclamation activities.

(f) Project Survey Officer – R&R related activities and measurement of

land for reclamation, providing plan for next year’s plantation activities,

monitoring assistance, etc.

(g) Project Environment Engineer – He advises the Project Manager /

Project Officer on environmental management activities. Responsible

for submission of various reports & returns under the statutes. Timely

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application for consent & permissions under environmental statutes. He

also arranges for biological reclamation and other plantation activities

through OFDC.

The organizational structures for mine as well as environmental management

and environmental monitoring are given in Fig.-6.1 & Fig.-6.2 respectively.

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ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Director (Technical / Project & Planning)

Fig.- 6.1

General Manager (Environment. & Forest)

Chief Manager/Sr.Manager/Asst. Manager

(Environment,Mining,Survey)

GM (Land Aquistion & R&R)

CGM/GM (Area)

Staff Officer (Mining) Staff Officer (E&M) Staff Officer (Survey) with addl. Charge of Forest Staff Officer (Medical) Staff Officer (Safety) Staff Officer (Personnel) Staff Officer (Security)

Staff Officer (Civil) Staff Officer (Excavation) Staff Officer (Environment) Staff Officer (Finance) Staff Officer (Material Management) Staff Officer (System) Staff Officer (Training)

Project Officer Basundhara(W)Extn.

Project Manager (Mining) Project Manger (Finance) Project Engineer (Environment) Sr.Manager (Safety) Asst. Security Officer Personnel Manager Medical Officer

Project Engineer (E&M) Project Engineer (Excavation) Project Survey Officer with addl. Charge of Forest

Project Engineer (Civil)

Cor

pora

te L

evel

A

rea

Leve

l P

roje

ct L

evel

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6.3 MONITORING AND CONTROL

This is a new mine. Routine Environment Monitoring will be carried out in

proposed Basundhara West Extension OCP (8.75 Mty). For air, water and noise

pollution control measures, the samples will be collected and tested round the year

with appropriate frequency at strategic places. In case, it is found that any of the

parameters exceeds the tolerance limits then corrective measures will also be

suggested by CMPDI to MCL for implementation. The monitoring schedule and the

parameters which are being monitored are given below:

6.3.1 AIR QUALITY MONITORING

This includes the identification of major dust and gaseous sources and

estimation of their levels of emission. The monitoring network will be consisting of

Organizational Structure for Environmental Monitoring

Fig.- 6.2

RD, CMPDI RI-VII

HoD (Lab.)

Sampling Staff

Analyses of samples at NABL Accreditated

Laboratory at CMPDI, RI-7

Bhubaneswar

Results of

Analysis

Monthly Monitoring Report to Project Officer,

(Basundhara(W) Extn. OCP) GM, Basundhara Area &

GM (Envt.), MCL (HQs).

HoD(Env.) Monthly Monitoring

Report

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the four monitoring stations in consultation with SPCB considering various

environmental impacts of air pollution.

6.3.2 WATER QUALITY MONITORING

The following frequency will be maintained for water and effluent quality

monitoring for each station:

Drinking water quality monitoring

Once in a month for 24 parameters as per IS: 10500-1991.

Effluent quality monitoring

Once in a fortnight for 4 parameters;

Once in a year for 23 parameters.

6.3.3 GROUND WATER LEVEL MONITORING

From nearby wells located at appropriate locations, ground water level will be

monitored 4 times in a year (i.e. April/May, August, November & January).

6.3.4 NOISE LEVEL MONITORING

Noise level will be monitored for once in day time and once in night time in

each fortnight from each station.

However the sampling frequency and parameters may change as per the

Environmental Clearance letter Conditions.

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Chapter – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES The following additional studies have been considered for this project:

(i) Disaster Management

(ii) Social Impact and R&R Action Plan

(iii) Corporate Social Responsibility

(iv) Habitat Management / Wild Life Conservation Cost

(v) Public Consultation

(vi) Rain Water Harvesting

(vii) Slope Stability

7.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT (RISK ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT)

7.1.1 INTRODUCTION

Keeping in view the three basic principles i.e. prevention, preparedness (both

pro-active and reactive) and mitigation of effect through rescue, recovery, relief and

rehabilitation; a comprehensive blue print for risk assessment and management has

been drawn-up for the project incorporating the following:

Identification and assessment of risks.

Recommendation of measures to prevent damage to life and property

against such risks.

The following disasters / accidents may occur during normal operations of the

mine.

Slope failure. Dangers due to handling and use of explosives and accidents due to

fly-rocks and air-blasts following a faulty heavy blast. Hazards associated with use of electricity. Accidents due to unruly operation of HEMM.

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Dust hazards.

Fire hazards due to spontaneous heating of coal in stock piles and exposed benches.

Fire hazards in stores & workshops where inflammable & highly

inflammable materials are stored or used. Danger of inundation from surface and/or ground water.

7.1.2 SLOPE FAILURE IN MINE PIT

Slope failures are affected by the following factors:

Slope geometry

Geological Structure

Lithology

Ground Water

Mining method & equipment

Dynamic forces.

Shear strength of road and cohesion

Angle of friction

The exposed ends of the coal seams and OB will be left with a safe slope to

avoid slope failure and collapse of benches. Similarly, at the end of mining operation,

safe terminal slope will be provided to avoid pit failure.

7.1.3 HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF OB DUMPS

Hazard of OB dump failure is mainly governed by following factors :

1. Height of benches.

2. Slope of benches.

3. Nature of material.

4. Slope of foundation rock.

5. Nature of foundation rock.

6. Drainage of foundation.

7. Depth of ground water table.

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7.1.4 PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN TO REDUCE RISK OF OB DUMP FAILURE

1. OB benches will be made of <30m ht in each tier.

2. The angle of repose of each dump tier should be around 37o and overall

dump slope should be less than 26o.

3. Soil should be scraped separately, so that it is not mixed with OB rock.

4. The slope of ground will be kept mild so that it will not have any adverse

effect.

5. The soil from the foundation ground should be scrapped before starting

of OB dumping.

6. Garland drain to be made around OB dump area to avoid water flow

during monsoon below the OB dump.

7. Ground water table is generally 3-5m below ground level hence may

have no adverse impact.

8. Leveling, grading and drainage arrangement at the toe of OB dumps

and at each dump tier should be done with much care and should be

monitored regularly.

9. Technical & Biological reclamation will be done.

10. A scientific study regarding slope stability and monitoring team should

be formed to assess the dump stability throughout the life of the mine.

11. A proper fencing with suitable material should be provided around dump

toe to prevent failure or unauthorized access towards dump toe.

12. Precautions shall be taken to prevent spontaneous heating and fire in

the carb shale when dumped along with overburden rock.

13. The backfilled area shall be kept benched and the distance of active

mine workings (faces) from the toe of the bottom most backfilled face

(bench) shall not be less than 60m.

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7.1.5 BLASTING AND VIBRATION STUDY

For proper blasting and minimizing the adverse side effects due to blasting

viz. noise, ground vibration, back-breaks, air blast and fly rocks etc., the optimal blast

design parameters will be suggested during the mine operation after conducting a

study for determining the blasting parameters. The following precautions have been

suggested to avoid dangerous situations:

The blasting operation shall be under the overall supervision of

competent person like Sr. Manager having First/Second Class Mine

Managers Certificate of competency.

Making of holes, charging and stemming the holes may be made under

the supervision of a competent person.

Care may be taken to see that there is no overcharging or

undercharging of the holes, the connections and arrangements of delay

detonators are in order.

Before a shot is fired the shot firer is required to ensure that all persons

within a radius of 500m from the place of firing (referred to as blasting

danger zone) have taken proper shelter, apart from giving sufficient

warning by efficient signals over the entire danger zone.

Blasting shall be carried out in conformity with the stipulation given by

DGMS, existing laws with closer control of blasting parameters

including blasting results like desired fragmentation, vibration, etc.

Blasting will be done in day time only.

Blast Induced Ground Vibration

When blasting is done in the opencast mines ground vibrations are

generated outward from the blast areas which cause damage to surrounding surface

structures. The vibrations radiating from blast holes while passing through surface

structures induce vibrations on the structures causing resonance. The component of

ground motion can effect the structures through compression and tension and also

through vertical and horizontal shearing effects. Blast induced ground vibration

creates socio economic problems for the mine management as well as the people

residing in the vicinity of these mines. As only 20-30% of energy of commercial

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explosives used in mines is utilized for fragmenting the rock, the rest of the energy is

transmitted through the earth in the form of ground vibrations resulting in damage to

the surrounding structures.

Peak particle velocity (PPV) has so far been considered as the best

criteria for evaluating blast vibrations in terms of its potential to cause damage.

Depending on the type of structures and dominant excitation frequency,

Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) on the ground adjacent to the structures shall not

exceed the given values under different frequencies as per DGMS. (Tech circular

7/1997).

Table 7.1: Permissible Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) in mm/s

Type of Structures Dominant Excitation Frequency, Hz

A

Buildings/Structures not belonging to the owner <8 Hz 8-25 Hz >25 Hz

i) Domestic Houses/structures (Kucha, Brick & Cement)

5 10 15

ii) Industrial Buildings RCC & Framed Structures)

10 20 25

iii) Objects of Historical importance 2 5 10

B

Buildings belonging to the owner with limited span of life

i) Domestic Houses/structures (Kucha, Brick & Cement)

10 15 25

ii) Industrial Buildings RCC & Framed Structures)

15 25 50

Where any permanent building or structure of permanent nature not belonging

to mine owner lie within the danger zone, the aggregate maximum charge per delay

and per round shall not exceed the amount fixed by DGMS on the basis of a scientific

study.

7.1.6 EXPLOSIVE HANDLING

The present day technology of blasting with site mixed slurry/emulsion

(SMS/SME) explosive shall be used with milli second delay detonators that are

initiated by shock tube initiation system. SMS/SME is stored by the supplier as per

GOI Notification. Further, transport and charging are also done by the supplier on

the spot. Only priming will be done by the project authority.

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For storage of explosives meant for priming, detonating fuse and detonators,

one service magazine has been provided.

7.1.7 SAFETY RULES

Mining operations follow statutory mine safety rules administered by the

Directorate General of Mine Safety (DGMS), Chief Controller of Explosives and

others. Planning and design of electrical installations will take into account the

existing electricity rules to obviate the hazards due to use of electricity.

For creating safety awareness and imparting education on safe practices, the

following steps shall be taken:

Holding annual safety weeks.

Imparting basic and refresher training to new and old employees

respectively as per Vocational Training Rules.

7.1.8 MINE INUNDATION

Due care has been taken while formulating the PR to prevent water ingress

during mining operations from the higher ground local rivers/reservoir.

Embankment is not required because HFL against Basundhara river is 259 m

above the mean sea level. Surface of the quarry is more than 10 m above the HFL.

7.1.9 FIRE AND SPONTANEOUS HEATING

The most vulnerable points for fire in an opencast mine is in the Coal stock,

old coal benches with loose coal, HEMMs, OB dumps with carbonaceous shales etc.

The common accidents due to fire may take place while working or deploying shovels

in a fiery seam where there are chances of fall of sides forming thick cloud of hot dust

and injuring the personnel nearby. Accident due to fire may take place while dealing

with fire in coal stocks, old coal bench with fire etc. The following precautions may be

taken to deal with fire in OCPs.

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i) In order to prevent accidents due to fire every mine should have a

proper firefighting organization under the control of Manager of the mine

or the Safety officer. Firefighting stations should be established near the

entrance of the mine with adequate firefighting equipment.

ii) Adequate number of persons should be trained in firefighting who

should be familiar with all firefighting equipment.

iii) The coal stocks should be regularly liquidated or else it should be

properly dozed and made dome shaped to prevent entry of air and

prevent spontaneous heating.

iv) Pipe lines should be laid around the coal stock to deal with fire in case

of emergency.

v) In the quarry, the coal benches should be properly dressed and no

loose coals to be left which facilitate spontaneous heating.

vi) Before deploying any equipment in a fiery coal bench, it should be

isolated, dealt with fire and then allow machines to operate.

FIRE IN PROJECT STORES & WORKSHOPS

Sufficient provision will be made for the prevention & control of fire in the

project store, both E&M & HEMM workshops & sub-stations by way of installing fire

extinguishers of right type & size. Timely inspection & refilling of fire extinguishers will

be done.

Where ever Fire extinguishers will be provided like Operator cabin, stores,

Workshops, Magazines etc. sufficient number of persons like operators, helpers

should know the use of fire extinguishers.

Systematic layout of both stores & workshops will be made so that

inflammable & highly inflammable materials do not come in contact with any spark or

flame. Adequate number of cautions in the form of hoardings will be displayed near

such places. While calculating total water demand for the project, provision for fire

fighting has also been made.

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7.1.10 HAUL ROAD MAINTENANCE

For proper haul road maintenance, following aspects will be considered and

implemented:

i) Proper design and maintenance of the haul roads

ii) Formulation, approval and enforcement of traffic rules regarding :

a) Speed limit

b) Parking and standing

c) Overtaking

iii) One way traffic, otherwise width should not be less than 3 times the

width of the largest vehicle.

iv) Gradient should not be greater than 1 in 16.

v) Berm should not less than 1 m in width.

vi) Separate machines and personnel for maintenance of haul road.

During rainy season soil erosion will take place and it will deteriorate the haul

road corridor and therefore.

i) Proper drainage arrangement shall be made along the haul road.

ii) Cross slopes (1 in 50 to 1 in 25) shall be provided on the haul road so

that water flows into the drain.

iii) Water barrier, cross drains, relief drains etc. should be constructed and

maintained properly.

iv) Culverts shall be designed, installed and maintained to withstand the

vertical soil pressure, weight of the vehicles plying over the road etc.

7.1.11 ILLUMINATION AND COMMUNICATION

Sufficient lighting as per standards will be provided at all the required places,

i.e. working faces, OB dump area, haul road, coal transfer points, loading points,

CHP, workshop, etc., to avoid accidents and to create efficient working conditions.

Provisions for efficient communication systems (both internal and external) to allow

communication link amongst various work centers to help avoid accidents and handle

emergencies will be made. The following standard of illumination as per DGMS may

be followed for better illumination in the mine.

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Table 7.2: Standards of lighting in Opencast Coal Mines

Sl. No.

Place / Area to be illuminated

Manner in which it is to be

illuminated

Minimum standard of illumination

(LUX)

Plane/Level in which the

illumination is to be provided.

1. General working areas as determined by the Manager in writing

0.2 At the level of the surface to be illuminated

2. Work place at Heavy Machinery

So as to cover the depth and height through which the machinery operates

5.0 10.0

Horizontal Vertical

3. Area where drilling rig works

So as to illuminate the full height of the rig

10.0 Vertical

4. Area where Bulldozer or other tractor mounted machine works

-- 10.0 At level of the Crawler tracks

5. Places where manual work is done

To be provided at level of the surface on which such work is done

5.0 10.

Horizontal Vertical

6. Places where loading, unloading or transfer, loading of dumpers, trucks or train is carried on

-- 3.0 Horizontal

7. Operators’ Cabins of machines or mechanisms

To be provided upto a height of 0.8 metres from floor level

30.0 Horizontal

8. At hand picking points along a conveyor belt

To be provided upto a distance of not less than 1.15 metres from the picker

50.0 On the surface of the conveyor belt

9. Truck haulage roads To be provided at level of the road

0.5 to 3.0 Horizontal

10. Rail haulage track in the pit

To be provided at level of the rail heads

0.5 Horizontal

11. Roadways and foot paths from bench to bench

-- 3.0 Horizontal

12. Permanent paths for use of persons employed etc.

-- 1.0 Horizontal

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7.1.12 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES

Following facilities will be there in the project:

Provision of well-equipped workshops for maintaining HEMMs and

other equipment properly for avoiding their failures as well as the risk of

accidents.

Provision of stores for spare parts for quick maintenance.

7.1.13 TRAINING

Coal industry has set up a number of training institutes for imparting training

to its employees. These trainings are meant to raise awareness amongst workers for

performing their duties properly with safety.

Further, the personnel directly responsible for handling emergencies are

given training for making them better equipped for discharging the responsibilities.

Mock drills for checking the risk management preparedness will be carried out

regularly.

7.1.14 MEDICAL AID

For guarding against occupational and community health hazards, the

following measures will be taken:

Steps to control respirable dust, improve workplace environment and

reduce noise nuisance.

Periodic Medical Examination (PME) of workers.

Availability of improved medical facilities.

The coal company has a number of healthcare centres including a well

equipped Regional Hospital and a specialised “referral” hospital in the coalfield area.

Provisions of healthcare facilities have been provided in the project report.

Healthcare facilities have been provided in the neighbouring projects. The above

facilities will cater to the need of employees of this project. The local people can also

avail these healthcare facilities.

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7.1.15 CONCLUSION

With adoption of above preventive measures, the operation of this opencast

mine will be safe as well as environment friendly.

7.2 SOCIAL IMPACT, R&R ACTION PLAN

7.2.1 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION This is a new mine. The R&R are being carried out under the direction of

“Claims Commission” set up by Hon’ble Supreme Court for the purpose.

R&R Status of Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 MTY)

Telendih (Part of village

Gopalpur)

Cat Total PAFs

Entitle for Resettlement

benefits Employment

Monetary Compensation

Total Project Affected Persons

Employment Provided

MC Paid

I 90 90 55 35 234 40 30

III 6 0 4 2 16 0

96 90 59 37 250 40 30

Other displaced families

9 0 0 0 33

TOTAL 105 90 59 37 283

Ratansara (Part)

The compensation roll of village Ratansara is in process as per the order of Hon’ble Supreme Court vide order dated 15.07.2013. The survey work by Claims commission started on 16.01.2016 & partial survey was completed, rest has been left due to agitation of villagers.

7.3 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

7.3.1 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy of CIL:

1. Objectives : The main objective of CSR policy is to lay down

guidelines for the coal companies to make CSR a key business process

for sustainable development for the Society. It aims at supplementing

the role of the govt. in enhancing welfare measures of the society based

on immediate and long term social and environmental consequences of

their activities.

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2. Areas to be Covered : The poor and needy Section of the Society

living in and around coalfields and different parts of India normally to be

covered. The responsibility of the subsidiary shall be to execute CSR

within the radius of 15 Kms for every project and Areas including Head

quarters. Further Board of Directors of Subsidiary Companies can

approve specific cases of projects beyond mining areas with in

respective State.

3. Source of Fund : The fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of

the average net profit of the company for the three immediate preceding

financial years or Rs.2.00 per tonne of coal production of the previous

year whichever is higher.

SCOPE:

1. Education

2. Water Supply including drinking water.

3. Health care by providing Indoor medical facilities and medicines.

4. Environment

5. Social Empowerment

6. Infrastructure for Village Electricity/Solar Light/Pawan Chaki etc.

Recurring expenditure should be borne by the beneficiaries.

7. Sports and culture.

8. Generation of employment & setting up Co-operative Society.

9. Infrastructure Support.

10. Grant/donation/financial assistance/sponsorship to reputed NGOs

of the Society/locality doing/involve in upliftment of the standard of the

society.

11. Heritage sites in the CSR purview ensuring involvement of employee’s

representatives in this Project.

12. Empowerment of women for education / health & self-employment.

13. Relief to victims of Natural Calamities like Earth Quake, Cyclone,

draught and Flood situation in any part of the country.

14. Disaster Management Activities including those related to amelioration/

Mitigation.

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15. Development of smokeless fuel out of coal and also arrangement

for distribution of efficient Chula to the villagers.

16. Adoption of village for carrying out the activities like infrastructural

development e.g. road, water supply, electricity and community center

etc.

The above list is illustrative and not exhaustive. CMD may consider

CSR activities not falling in this list. The activities will be specific to the village

depending on the need assessed for the people. As far as possible efforts will

be made to co-ordinate with similar CSR activities that are taken up by the

Central or State Govt. All CSR activities should be environment friendly and

acceptable to the local people and society.

Table 7.3: CSR expenditure for the last year by Basundhara Area, MCL

(Rs. In Lakhs)

CSR Expenditures of Basundhara Area for the period 2015-16 to 2018-19 (Amount in lakhs)

Sl No.

Head 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

1 Drinking Water 62.22 9.33 9.69 24.21

2 Education 36.37 16.53 19.21 27.5

3 Healthcare 2.01 0.95 0.87 69.99

4 Road 816.12 590.37 5.02 125.68

5 Rural Sports, arts and culture 17.41 14.63 12.43 12.65

6 Others 49.98 716.43 433.9 68.78

Total 984.11 1348.24 481.12 328.81

7.4 HABITAT MANAGEMENT / WILD LIFE CONSERVATION COST

As per guideline, Govt. of Orissa, Forest & Environment Deptt. Vide letter

No.10F (Cons.) 6/2013–20693/F&E dated 05-10-13 have issued instruction to

release @ Rs.43000/- per Ha of mining lease area basis towards the cost of wild life

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management plan. An amount of Rs. 139.29 lakhs has been proposed for wild life

conservation plan which will be met from revenue budget.

7.5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION / HEARING Public hearing has been conducted on 14.012.2019. The detailed Public

Hearing proceeding is attached as Annexure III.

7.6 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Rain water is naturally pure water except where it becomes acidic due to

industrial pollution. The rapid exploitation of ground water as well as surface water

due to the industrial developmental projects, increase in population resulted in acute

scarcity of fresh water availability. It has become necessary to conserve this

valuable natural resource for sustainable development.

Conservation of this valuable natural resource can be done by collecting this

rain water scientifically and utilizing it either for drinking purposes or ground water

recharging purposes.

(a) Date of Advertisement 06.01.2019

(b) Newspapers in which the advertisement appeared

The new Indian Express (English daily) and Sambad (Odiya daily)

(c) Date of public hearing (DD/MM/YY)

14.02.2019

(d) Public Hearing Panel chaired by & members present

The Public Hearing was chaired by Shri. Bhaskar Chandra Turuk, Additional District Magistrate, Sundargarh. The members present were: 1. Ripu Kumar Sahu, Assistant Environmental Engineer, SPCB, Jharsuguda.

(e) No. of people attended the public hearing meeting and number of people from the lease area

400 (approx.)

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Scientifically & technically designed system which helps us to collect and

utilize the rain water effectively through various steps and collectedly termed as “Rain

Water Harvesting”.

The various steps/methods are roof top catchments, check dams, percolation

pond, storage tanks, etc.

7.7 SLOPE STABILITY

7.7.1 Slope

Any structure either naturally occurred or artificially built when takes the

shape by increasing the height with horizon in reference to plane is called slope.

Slopes of the earth are of two types

1. Natural slopes

2. Artificial slopes

Natural slopes are those that exist in natures and are formed by natural

causes and generally exist in hilly area.

Artificial slopes are created by man such as cutting of sides, construction of

dam, highway embankment, mining benches and OB dumps, etc.

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7.7.2 Factors governing the Slope Stability

There are two main aspects of slope failure and they are natural and man

made disturbances. The seismic activities of the earth crust, rain, tornado and

geology come under the naturally occurred disturbance. The blasting, excavation,

dumping are the man made disturbance for slope instability. Following are the main

factors that influence the slope stability.

7.7.2.1 Geo physical parameters

(a) Shear strength parameters:-

This is the basic parameters and holds the key role to control the

stability of the slope but it is most difficult to comprehend it accurately.

The fundamental shear strength equation proposed by French engineer

Coulomb is S=C + б Tan (Φ).

(b) Bulk density of dump mass:

Bulk density of dump mass determines the weight of waste rock and ply

very important role in calculation of stability of the dump mass

(c) Base of the Dump

Base of the OB dump should be strong enough to bear the load of the

dump otherwise base failure may crop up.

(d) Grain size distribution of the dump material:

It indicates composition of dump material comprising of clay, silt, sand,

gravels and boulders. It influences the permeability, density, shear strength

parameters and other characteristics of the soil materials.

(e) Plastic Limits

Atterberg limits determine the expansive and liquid properties of the

material. In case of expansive soil, shear strength properties drastically

changes when coming in contact with water.

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(f) Co-efficient of permeability:

This parameter implies seepage properties of water and facilitate in

computation of seepage force exerting on dump materials.

7.7.2.2 Geology of the Area:-

Geological features that could pose problems to site stability and that

therefore warrant detailed site studies prior to development within the area include:

type of strata, erosion, sheared mélange matrix, hydrothermally altered rock,

landslides unfavorably dipping bedding planes, an-isotropicity, faults, discontinuity

and shear zones, sheared serpentines, mines and mine tailings, subsidence, and

expansive soils.

7.7.2.3 Hydro-Geological parameters–

The effect of Hydro-geology in determining stability of dump is as follows:

A. Shear strength parameters of dump materials get affected due to water

saturation during rainy season.

B. Accumulated water at the base gives buoyancy effect on dump

materials as well reduce cohesion and friction of dump and interface

materials.

C. Seepage of water exerts dragging force on the dump materials.

Seepage pressure acts below the phreatic line and in the direction of

flow. It can be calculated by

knowing the pore water pressure or

Drawing the phreatic line.

D. Rain water erode slope surface and create large rill and gullies on slope

surface which damage the slope profile and causes slope failure.

7.7.2.4 Geo-mining parameters

A. Mine floor inclination

Mine floor inclination reduces the effective angle of repose of overlaid

OB dump such as shear strength of materials.

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B. Blasting affect create encourage

Blasting generate vibrations in the surrounding region that induces

acceleration imply dynamic forces which affect the stability of slope.

C. Profile of the dump

The profile of the dump, i.e height and berm guide the overall slope

angle of the dump. This should be less than angle of repose of the materials.

D. Location of dump

Location of dump site also play crucial role in the stability of the slope.

Base of dump must be strong and away from the quarry edge to avoid base

failure and differential settlement of dump or highwall.

E. Surcharge

The surcharge load increases the horizontal & vertical load and

amplifies seismic effects. Thus affect the slope stability.

7.7.2.5 Climate Effects

It is now widely accepted that climate change is occurring and that, this

will affect the processes and parameters that determine the stability of slopes.

Climate parameters affecting ground water and pore pressure fluctuations

that can, in many cases, trigger slope instability and hence landslide activity.

Global warming due to the greenhouse effect and especially changes in

precipitation patterns and air temperature might therefore have influences on future

landslide activity also.

There remains, however, significant uncertainty in forecasting these

changes in the long-term.

7.7.2.6 Dynamic forces

(A) Seismic forces

Earthquake experience by a structure depends on its own dynamic

characteristics and ground motions such that random motion of ground,

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vibration intensity, magnitude of the earthquake; depth of focus, distance

from the epicenter and the strata on which the structure stands.

Seismic force/coefficient αh is calculated as per the IS Code by

following two methods and higher value will be taken for slope stability

calculation.

a) Seismic Coefficient Method,

b) Response Spectrum method

(B) Blasting Effect

(i) Peak particle Velocity(PPV)

Ground vibration caused due to blasting in measured in PPV. The PPV

depends upon quantity of explosives charged per delay and scaled distance.

This PPV affects the stability of slope.

Following is the typical graph of blasting in Opencast mine.

It is found that PPV of less than 50 mm/s would have low probability to

damage the structural of residential buildings.

In the studies it is established that in our case 75% to 80% times blast

frequency comes in the range of 8-25 Hz.

(C) Moving force

Moving force is type of live load that comes from the vehicular

movement including the HEMM. These moving loads create the

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dynamic/static load besides the breaking and acceleration jerks. This load

affects the slope stability.

7.7.3 Types of failure:

A slope may have various types of failures which depend upon the type of

materials, dump profile, dump base, etc. In our case, generally following types of

failure occurs:

A. Circular failure –

Circular failure generally occurs in high dump, soil having low shear

strength and base of dump material stronger than dump materials.

B. Circular-cum-planar Failure –

It occurs when the shear strength of interface material between dump

and mine floor is less than that of dump material and the dump is standing on

steep mine floor.

C. Base failure -

It occurs when the weak strata lies beneath the toe of the dump.

7.7.4 Calculation of FoS

This is a ratio of the stabilizing force to mobilisitation force developed at the

sliding surface. The factor of safety gives relative static state of the studied slope

about its mobilization at a glance.

It has envisaged a factor of safety more than 1.10 in the design of slope

stability is safe if appropriate seismic acceleration is considered and more than 1.20

if seismic acceleration is not considered.

7.7.5 SLOPE ANALYSIS

Limit equilibrium method is widely used for slope stability analysis nowadays.

This method takes in to account the physical constraints under which the OB dumps

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are generated and effect of both of dynamic and static acceleration. The effects of

tension cracks and varied hydrological conditions towards the stability are also

modeled. Today large numbers of different suitable software/tools are available for

the analyzing the slope stability for the dump/ waste rock piles and highwall.

7.7.6 Recommendations

1. OB benches will be made of <30m height in each tier.

2. The angle of repose of OB benches will be around 37o.

3. Soil should be scraped separately, so that it is not mixed in OB rock.

4. The slope of ground is kept mild so that it will not have any adverse

effect.

5. The soil from the foundation ground should be scrapped before starting

of OB dumping.

6. Garland drain to be made around OB dump area to avoid water flow

during monsoon below the OB dump.

7. Ground water table is generally 3-5m below ground level hence may

have no adverse impact.

8. Leveling, grading and drainage arrangement for top of OB dumps will

be done.

9. Technical & Biological reclamation will be done.

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Chapter–8

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 INTRODUCTION

Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75Mty) will enhance the socio-

economic activities in the adjoining areas. This will result in following benefits:

Improvement in Physical Infrastructure.

Improvement in Social Infrastructure.

Increase in Employment Potential.

Contribution to the Exchequer (both State and Central Govt.).

Post-mining Enhancement of Green Cover.

Improvement of Electrical Power Generation and consequently rise in

electric power consumption there by improvement in overall economic

growth of the country.

8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE &

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

The project will improve the physical infrastructure of the adjoining areas.

This would include the following:

Improvement of road network for better communication.

Strengthening of existing community facilities through the CSR

Programmes being carried out by MCL.

Greater availability of good quality power grade coal will result in

enhanced power generation to meet the energy demand of the

country/state.

Pumping of mine water may augment the water availability after due

treatment.

Better healthcare for the adjoining villages and project affected people.

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Gainful post-closure land utilization of mine lease area as highlighted in

the following table :

Land requirement during pre-mining

Particulars Forest Non-Forest Total


Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48



Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92


Outside lease area -- 45.85 45.85

Total 227.62 142.15 369.77

Post- Closure Land Use

Sl.

No. Land Use

during Mining

Land Use (Ha)

Plantation Water Body

Public Use Undisturbed/

Dip side slope

Total

1 External OB Dump

Nil --


3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87

4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57

5 Green Belt 6.48 -- -- -- 6.48

Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92


Skill development & capacity building like vocational training, income

generation programme and entrepreneurship development program.

Literacy programme, adult education, formation of Village Working

Group (VWG), mahila mandal, etc.

Awareness programme and community activities, like health camps,

medical aides, family welfare camps, AIDS awareness programme,

immunization camp, sports & cultural activities, plantation, etc.

MCL may adopt one village in every area to develop as a model village.

This village should be provided with minimum infrastructure such as

road, drinking water, school building, a health center, a pond,

community centre, play ground and adequate tree plantation.

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8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

There would be some obvious changes in various environmental parameters

due to mining activity, increased economic activities and creation of new employment

opportunity, infrastructural development, better educational and healthcare facilties.

Following are the specific impacts.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

Overall there will be positive impact in socio-economic area due to increased

economic activities, creation of new employment opportunities, infrastructural

development and better educational and healthcare facilties. The impact in the Core

Zone and Buffer Zone is due to the following:

POPULATION DYNAMICS

Due to direct and indirect employment potential, there is scope of migration

of people into project area and in the peripheral regions, from nearby areas. Mining

activities, acceleration of the economic activities and urbanization along with creation

of new employment opportunities and business may change the population dynamics

of the area.

STANDARD OF LIVING

The people will come in contact with migrated people. This may encourage

higher aspirations among the people of the area. Accelerated economic activities

and urbanization may increase quality of life and standard of living.

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

MCL will undertake awareness programme and community activities, like

health camps, medical aids, family welfare camps, AIDS awareness programme,

immunization camp, etc.

8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

There is a possibility of creation of direct and indirect employment

opportunities due to working of this mine. Overall, this will have positive impact on

socio-economic profile of the area.

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MCL will undertake skill development & capacity building programmes like

vocational training, income generation and entrepreneurship development.

8.5 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS

Mahanadi Coalfields Limited is facing increasing demand of power grade

coal because of superior grade, long flame and other consumer friendly

characteristics. Continuing and augmentation of coal production from the mines of

MCL will help to bridge the gap of demand and supply of superior power grade coal

in India. To meet the growing demand of coal, especially in power sector, sponge

iron sector and brick and other small scale sectors, MCL has planned to increase its

production capacity.

The mine will also contribute to the Exchequer of State and Central

Government.

Development of any nation is measured by the consumption of the electric

power (per capita). Huge demand of power will be met from coal produced which will

sustain the economic growth of the country, since our country is progressing at a

growth rate of about 8% per annum in the recent years. Coal being prime mover of

thermal power generating stations (more than 70% of electrical energy is generated

by Thermal Power Stations by burning the fossil fuel), the demand of coal has also

increased very rapidly, forcing the existing mines to produce more. The availability of

electrical power meets the rising demand of various industries thereby improvement

in overall economic growth of the country.

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Chapter – 9

ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS

9.1 INTRODUCTION

The cost estimate for EIA-EMP of this project is given below along with the

break-up:

9.2 EXPENDITURE TO BE INCURRED TOWARDS CSR Estimated CSR cost - Rs.1854.6 Lakhs @ Rs.2/te of coal produced. (Revenue Expenditure)

However , fund for CSR will be allocated based on 2% of the average net

profit of the company for the three immediate preceding financial years or Rs. 2.00

per tonne of coal production of the previous year whichever is higher.

9.3 COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION AND WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT COST

Out of the proposed mining lease area of 323.92 Ha, forest land is 227.62

Ha. An amount of Rs. 1778.80 Lakh has been provided for Compensatory

Afforestation cost.

As per guideline, Govt. of Orissa, Forest & Environment Dept. Vide letter

No.10F (Cons.) 6/2013–20693/F&E dated 05-10-13 have issued instruction to

release @ Rs.43000/- per Ha of mining lease area basis towards the cost of wild life

Sl. No.

Particulars Capital investment

(Departmental) (Rs.lakh)

1. Resettlement & rehabilitation cost 7143.00

2. ETP & STP 12.99

3. Garland drain 358.13

4. Compensatory afforestation cost 1778.80

5. Scientific studies 15.00

6. Rain water harvesting 25.00

7. Environment Data generation 5.00

Total : 9337.92

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management plan. An amount of Rs. 139.29 lakh has been proposed for wild life

conservation plan which will be met from revenue budget.

9.4 RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Due emphasis has been given for rain water harvesting. A lump sump

amount of Rs. 25 lakhs has been kept for the infrastructural facilities for storage of

rain water for harvesting which will be made from revenue budget.

9.5 BIOLOGICAL RECLAMATION COST An amount of Rs. 252.525 lakhs will be required for biological reclamation,

block and avenue plantation.

9.6 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER)

As per the MoEF&CC office memorandum no. F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dtd. 01-

05-2018 for green field project, 0.5 % of capital investment for new project i.e. 3.78

crores has been provided for CER, the same will be met from Revenue Expenditure.

The CER fund will be spent on drinking water supply, sanitation and air pollution

control measures.

9.7 MINE CLOSURE COST

The mine closure cost as mentioned above, for Basundhara west Extension

OCP has been considered Rs.8.476 lakh per ha [as per WPI (Nov., 2016)]. Annual

closure cost has been computed considering the total project area as per guide line.

The Money to be levied per hectare of the total project are to be deposited every year

after commencement of any activity on the land for the mine after opening an

Escrow Account. The details of the final mine Closure Plan along with the details of

the cost estimate for various mine closure activites and Escrow Account shall be

submitted to the Ministry of Coal for approval. An amount equal to the annual cost is

to be deposited each year throughout the mine life compounded @ 5% annually.

Annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total project area at the above

mentioned rates and dividing the same by the life of mine.

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Total Project area involved : 323.92 Ha

Mine closure cost/Ha (November 2016 cost base) : Rs. 8.487 lakh

Total Mine closure cost (November 2016 cost base) : Rs. 2749.11 lakh

PHASING OF MINE CLOSURE COST

The annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total leasehold

area (Total project area) and dividing the same by the life of the mine. An amount

equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year throughout the mine life

compounded @5% annually.

Total mine closure cost estimated : Rs.2749.11 lakhs

Life of the project : 12 years

Out of the 12 years last 5 years are for final implementation of mine closure

activities, for annual cost calculations 12 years period has been considered:

Annual mine closure amount to be deposited with Coal Controller:

2749.11 lakhs/12 years = 229.09 lakhs per year.

Yearly phasing of mine closure cost is as below:

Year Mine closure cost (Rs. in lakh)

Yr-1 229.09

Yr-2 240.55

Yr-3 252.57

Yr-4 265.20

Yr-5 278.46

Yr-6 292.38

Yr-7 307.00

Yr-8 322.35

Yr-9 338.47

Yr-10 355.39

Yr-11 373.16

Yr-12 391.82

TOTAL 3646.44

Total estimated mine closure cost compounded @5% annually for 12

years is : Rs. 3646.44 lakhs.

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The mine closure cost deposited and amount released to mine owner/lease

holder will be as per guidelines issued by Ministry of Coal vide letter no.55011-01-

2009-CPAM, Dt.7/1/2013.

9.8 REVENUE COST FOR EIA & EMP

The revenue cost for EIA & EMP has been worked out. This comes to about

Rs. 29.59 per ton of coal produced. The break-up of revenue cost is given below:

Revenue Cost for EIA & EMP Cost Base : June’18

Sl.No. Particulars Annual operating cost / tonne Rs.

1. Salaries, Wages & Benefits 3.76

2. Stores (as per project costing norms) 1.77

3. Power 0.29

4. Biological reclamation 0.41

5 CSR cost 2.00

6. Mine closure planning 2.96

7. Misc. exp. (as per project costing norms)

1.86

8. Administrative charges 8.43

9. Int. on working capital @ 14.50% 1.04

10. Depreciation 5.16

Sub-Total : 27.68

Annual coal Production: (8.75 Mty)

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Chapter – 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 MINE CLOSURE PLAN

10.1.1 INTRODUCTION

The mine shall adopt Mine Closure Plan comprising progressive closure

plan and final closure plan duly approved by the competent authority as

per circular No.55011-01-2009-CPAM, Govt. of India, Ministry of Coal,

dated 27th August, 2009.

Coal projects who has been accorded approval of Mining Plan / Project

Report without mine closure plan are required to prepare and obtain the

approval of Mine closure plan within a period of 1 year as per the

circular.

10.1.2 OBJECTIVES OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNING

To allow a productive and sustainable after use of the site which is

acceptable to the mine owner and the regulatory authority;

To protect public health and safety;

To alleviate or eliminate environmental damage and thereby encourage

environmental sustainability;

To minimize adverse socio-economic impacts.

10.1.3 VARIOUS ASPECTS OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNING

The mine closure planning broadly involves the following aspects:

(a) Technical aspects;

(b) Environmental aspects;

(c) Social aspects;

(d) Safety aspects;

(e) Financial aspects.

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10.1.4 MINE CLOSURE OBLIGATION

There is a need to define the liabilities, responsibilities and authorities of the

mine management, other regulatory bodies, Central and State Governments after

mine closure. Some obligations relating to the mine management are as follows:

(a) Health & Safety: Regulation Nos. 6, 61, 106, 112 of Coal Mines

Regulations, 1957 and its related DGMS Circulars;

(b) Environment

(i) Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;

(ii) Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;

(iii) Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and Environmental Protection

(Amendment) Rule, 2000;

(iv) DGMS Directives on Noise & Ground Vibration;

(c) Forest

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. (d) Rehabilitation

CIL's Policy and Orissa State Govt. Policy. Latest Policy / Norms of

Govt. of Orissa is followed for this project.

(e) Decommissioning/asset disposal, etc.

Decommissioning of infrastructure will be done and the land occupied

by the infrastructure will be restored to some useful purpose. The

salvaging and shifting operation of mining machinery and other

equipment will be done considering the ground realities existing during

the period 1 year advance of final closure of the mine.

10.1.5 TYPES OF MINE CLOSURE PLAN

There are two types of mine closure plan :

- Progressive mine closure plan

- Final mine closure plan

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10.1.6 PROGRESSIVE MINE CLOSURE PLAN

This is a progressive plan for the purpose of providing protective reclamation

and rehabilitation measures in a mine or part there of.

10.1.7 FINAL MINE CLOSURE PLAN

This plan is meant for the purpose of decommissioning rehabilitation and

reclamation in the mine or part thereof after cessation of mining and its related

activities and that has been prepared in the manner to address all environmental

aspects taking into consideration.

The final mine closure activities would start towards the end of mine life, and

may continue even after the reserves have exhausted and / or mining is discontinued

till the mining area is restored to an acceptable level to create a self sustained

ecosystem.

10.1.8 ASPECTS FOR PREPARATION OF MINE CLOSURE PLAN

The following points will be incorporated while preparing mine closure plan.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS

1. Mine description

2. Reason for closure

3. Management of mined out land

a. Present land use

b. Final stage and post operation stage.

4. Management of top soil.

5. Management of wastes.

6. Management / decommissioning of infrastructure.

7. Management of disposal of mining machinery.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

1. Management of hydrology & hydrogeology during mine period and post

mining closure period.

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2. Drainage arrangement for external OB dump.

3. Reclamation of dump(s) & adjoining areas.

4. Rehabilitation & Resettlement.

5. Management of air quality.

SOCIAL ASPECTS

1. Redeployment of workforce

2. Management of community facilities

3. Management of association and consultation with stake holders.

SAFETY AND SECURITY ASPECTS

1. Disaster management

2. Care and maintenance during temporary discontinuance

3. Management of fire

FINANCIAL ASPECTS

COST OF MINE CLOSURE INVOLVES

1. Cost of reclamation of mined out area.

2. Cost of air quality protection measure.

3. Decommissioning cost of infrastructure

4. Cost of safety & security

5. Socio-economic cost

6. Cost of organization for executing the closure activities.

7. Cost of post project monitoring for five years.

10.1.9 TECHNICAL ASPECTS

10.1.9.1 MINE DESCRIPTION

Basundhara (W) Extn OCP is new project.

Total Mineable Reserve is 92.73

Life of the mine is 12 years.

3 No. of seams will be worked.

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The area is gently undulating.

Shovel dumper system for OB removal and Surface Miner technology

for coal extraction has been adopted.

10.1.9.2 REASON FOR CLOSURE

Life of the mine is 12 years. Coal reserve (92.73 Mt) will be exhausted

within 12 years.

Technical reclamation and biological reclamation of external OB dump

and backfilling will also be completed during mine life.

10.1.9.3 LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Present land use

The total mine lease area is 323.92 Ha and total land required is 369.77 ha.

Table-10.1 : Details of Land Requirement



Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48



Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92



Total 227.62 142.15 369.77

Table-10.2 : Mine Void Details

Particulars Post closure

Area in Ha Depth (m)

1. Backfilled area details --- ---

a) Dipside slope 0.88 ---

b) Upto ground level 192.40 Same as ground level

2. Unfilled void 130.64 Max. 30 m

Total Area 323.92

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Table-10.3 : Post-Closure Use

Sl. No.


Land Use (Ha)

Plantation Water Body

Public Use

Undisturbed/ Dip side slope

Total

1 External OB Dump Nil --


3 Excavation 168.35 130.64 -- 0.88 299.87

4 Built up area 17.57 -- -- 17.57

5 Green Belt 6.48 -- -- -- 6.48

Mine lease Area 192.40 130.64 -- 0.88 323.92


10.1.9.4 MANAGEMENT OF RECLAIMED LAND

There are several options available for land use pattern of the reclaimed

land. The following factors have been considered for selection of appropriate land

use pattern:

Pre-mining land use pattern

Topsoil/sub-soil quality

Socio-economic parameters of the area

Availability of technology for land reclamation

Climatic conditions of the area

Local flora.

The alternatives available for utilising the reclaimed land are :

Agricultural use

Afforestation

The option for using the reclaimed backfilled area for agricultural

purpose immediately is ruled out due to the following reasons :

The reclaimed land is very different from its pre-mining conditions. It

cannot sustain crops as the soil has poor fertility status. So the

agriculture may prove uneconomic venture compared to afforestation.

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The development of soil regime for agriculture will take a considerable

time.

Reclamation is proposed to be done progressively and concurrently

with mining operation. Carrying out agriculture within mining activity

area by releasing reclaimed area in a phase-wise manner, may not be

advisable from safety point of view.

In view of the above, it is suggested to utilise the reclaimed land for

afforestation purpose which will help improve the soil status i.e texture and nutrient

levels, etc.

10.1.9.5 MANAGEMENT OF MINED-OUT VOID In the quarry, the overburden removed completely from the first two years

and partly from the third year is to be dumped over the existing quarry void on 36ha

patch at its eastern end. Of the total overburden volume of 97.22Mm3, 7.66Mm3,

removed over the initial years is to be dumped outside the working quarry.

Present quarry, however, is an extension quarry – an extension of the

presently working Basundhara (West) expansion 7.0 Mty. The 36 ha patch on the

south eastern end of the expansion quarry has been earmarked for the above

mentioned volume of 7.66 Mm3 of overburden removed during the first three years.

By the end of Yr-1, a volume of 2.18 Mm3 of overburden will be accommodated in +

215.5m tier over 36ha patch dump site, followed by a further volume of 5.48Mm3

over the next two years upto +245m level.

In Yr-3, 5.24Mm3 and from Yr-4 onwards the total volume of overburden

removed from the quarry will be backfilled inside the extension quarry. A total volume

of 89.56Mm3 is to be backfilled in this extension quarry, upto +360m, tier, shown in

stage plans of Yr-3, Yr-5, Yr-10 and final stage dump plan.

10.1.9.5.1 SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Year-wise dumping schedule is given below :

Table -10.4 : Dumping Schedule (M.cum)

Year of Operation

Programmed total coal

Programmed total OB

OB to internal dump-I*

OB to internal dump

Yr 1 1.50 2.18 2.18 --

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Yr 2 5.50 3.89 3.89 --

Yr 3 7.00 6.83 1.59 5.24

Yr 4 8.75 7.65 -- 7.65

Yr 5 8.75 10.05 -- 10.05

Yr 6 8.75 10.83 -- 10.83

Yr 7 8.75 10.81 -- 10.81

Yr 8 8.75 10.84 -- 10.84

Yr 9 8.75 10.98 -- 10.98

Yr 10 8.75 11.04 -- 11.04

Yr 11 8.75 10.75 -- 10.75

Yr 12 8.73 1.37 -- 1.37

TOTAL 92.73 97.22 7.66 89.56

Land reclamation

This is carried out in two distinct stages :

- Technical reclamation

- Biological reclamation

Table No-10.5 : Stagewise Landuse And Reclaimation Plan (Fig in Ha)

Sl. No.

Landuse Category Present 1st year

3rd year

5th year

10th year

12th Year/ end of

mine Total

1 Backfilled Area (reclaimed with plantation)

- - 2.00 28.00 138.35 168.35

2 Excavated area (Not reclaimed) Void

130.64 130.64

3 External OB dump -

0.00

4 Reclaimed top soil dump

Concurrenlty spread over the backfilled area

-

5 Green belt area 1.00 1.50 1.23

3.73

6 Undisturbed area (brought under plantation)

2.75 -- --

2.75

7 Roads (Avenue Plantation)

1.00 2.51

3.51

8 Area around Infrastructure

3.00 7.00 4.05

14.05

Total 7.75 11.01 7.28 28.00 138.35 323.03

(Apart from above 0.88 Ha will be remained as dipside slope area)

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Table No-10.6 : Stage wise Cumulative Plantation

Sl Year

Green belt External dump Backfilled area Others,

Undisturbed area Total

Area No of trees

Area No of trees

Area No of trees

Area No of trees

Area No of trees

1 1st yr-3rd yr 1 2500 0 0 7.75 19275 8.75 21775

2 3rd -5th yr 1.5 3750 2 5000 7.28 17949 10.78 26699

3 5th -10th yr 1.23 3075 28 70000 5.28 13200 34.51 86275

4 10th -12th Yr (End of Mine

Life) 0 0 138.35 345875 0 0 138.35 345875

Total 3.73 9325 168.35 420875 20.31 50424 192.39 480624

Technical reclamation

- External OB dumping

There is no external OB dump.

- Backfilling and reshaping of internal dump

The total ML area of this project is 323.92 ha, out of which 192.40 ha will be

biologically reclaimed.

Major part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling will

be carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has reached a certain

predetermined reduced level, the plots will be levelled, graded and cleared of large

stone pieces lying on the surface. The slope of the ground will be made very gentle

as far as possible (preferably less than 2%). The graded and levelled area will be

divided into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain

moisture and humus in the soil. The outer slope of each bench will be kept at the

natural angle of repose of the spoil material and at overall slope angle of 28O

considering all benches.

Biological reclamation

In internal dump 168.35 ha will be technically & biologically reclaimed.

Avenue plantation will be done for 3.51 ha.

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For successful biological reclamation of the reclaimed area, preference will

be given to endemic species and mixed culture. The species will be selected

carefully from the following groups for quick reclamation :

Nitrogen fixing tree species for fuel wood, timber and fodder

Fruit bearing tree species

Tree species with dense foliage for shade

Flowering and ornamental tree species.

The area likely to be available after technical reclamation at different time

horizon is indicated below :

Quarry and internal dumps

Having backfilled the decoaled area with overburden, internal dumps will be

reclaimed and then revegetated. The remaining void in the quarry will be developed

as water harvesting structure as well as public utility lagoon which will serve

following purposes :

Source of supply of water for industrial and fire fighting purposes.

Source of supply of potable water after necessary treatment.

A place of bathing and washing for the local population.

Pisciculture.

For recharging the aquifer in the area.

For such purposes, the pathway to the reservoir is gently graded and

the depth of water is limited.

AREA FOR RECLAMATION

(i) Land to be disturbed due to excavation : 299.87 ha

(ii) Area to be reclaimed after backfilling

(Technically and Biologically) : 168.35 ha

DETAILS OF RECLAMATION TECHNIQUE

Gradiant of terracee shall be gently sloping (1 in 50)

Angle of slope angle is 28o.

Top soil will be be spread over backfilled area.

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FINANCIAL OUTLAY

Sl. No.

Particulars Area in Ha Cost per Ha (Rs. Lakh)

Total cost (Rs. Lakh)

1. Biological reclamation

168.35 10.0 1683.50

2. Block Plantation 3.73 11.25 41.96

3. Other undisturbed and around infrastructure

16.80 11.25 189.00

Running km Cost per Running km

4. Anenue Plantation 3.51 10.8 37.91

Total 192.39 - 1952.37

10.1.9.6 MANAGEMENT OF TOPSOIL

Topsoil is the top portion of the soil cover ranging in depth from 50-350 mm.

It is the dark coloured (though it may not be true always due to the influence of parent

rock), rich in active and decomposed organic material mixed with fine mineral

particles with only small agglomoration. The nature takes above 100 years or more to

build about 25mm of top soil.

10.1.9.6.1 Constituents of Topsoil:

It is the zone of eluviation which represents the top soil and easily

distinguished physically from other horizon by its colour, texture and a thick

accumulation of organic vegetative matter. In case of Intrazonal and Azonal soils, A-

Horizon is not distinct although these soils possess topsoil. The constituents of top

soil are:

i) Plant Leaves and debris.

ii) Semi-Decomposed and decomposed organic material (humus) solution

of organic and carbonic acids.

iii) Inorganic elements like Nirogen, Phosphorus, Potasium, Magnesium,

Boron, Sulphur, Iron, Copper etc.

iv) Micro-Organisms like microscopic bacteriam Fungi, Protozoa,

earthworms etc.

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10.1.9.6.2 Formation of Topsoil

The biotic factors or Biological processes play the Vital role in the formation

of Top soil. The factors responsible for the formation are:

i) Vegetation: The fallen leaves and the decayed vegetation contribute

directly in the formation of himus. Further plants helpto maintain fertility

by bringing inorganic minerals from the lower layers.

ii) Micro-organisms: The microscopic bacteria , fungi, protozoa etc help

directly in converting plants and animal remains into humus. Again

these organisms become a part of the humus after death. Some

microbacteria transforms atmospheric nitrogen into Nitrates and

increase the Fertility.

iii) Animals: The excreta of the burrowing type animals helps in the

development of the topsoil. The ants and termites bring the soil from

lower horizon to the surface. Similarly the earthworms contribute in

mixing the organic renains with the minerals and then bring them to the

surface.

10.1.9.6.3 Formation of Topsoil: Why preservation and Reuse of Topsoil?

Biological activity is a good indicator of the health of topsoil. To maintain

maximum level of this activity, its preservation is highly essential. The topsoil is

physically well textured , chemically highly fertile and biologically hughly active. The

reuse of it is suggested due to following:

i) Humus yields organic acids which assist soil solution.

ii) It produces plant food i.e. Phosphorous, Calcium, Potassium, Nitrogen

etc.

iii) It retain soil moisture besides providing the desired arrangement of soil

structure favourably for plant growth.

10.1.9.6.4 General depth of soil in :

Its depth depends on following:

i) Physiography.

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ii) Climatic conditions like temperature, rainfall etc.

iii) The uses to which the land has been put before.

In a mining block it is necessary to have a close soil survey to determine its

depth. From the soil analysis available the approaximate depth of the topsoil of

various mining blocks of Ib Coalfield is given below:

Name of the Block

Approax. Depth of topsoil (mm)

Topsoil texture Rematk

Kulda 200-250 Sandy/Sandy Loam The depth varies from location to location in an area and to be determined at specific site before stripping,

Basundhara 250-300 Sandy Loam/ Loam

10.1.9.6.5 Storage and preservation of topsoil:

Topsoil undergo many changes during preservation. These are:

(A) Changes in topsoil due to storage.

i) Stockpiling has profound affects on the physicochemical and biological

properties.

ii) Biological activity diteriorates after 3 to 6 months of storage.

iii) Stockpiling reduces organic content and affects the organic compound

concerned in soil aggravation.

iv) Aggregate stability is reduced to some extent due to storage.

iv) Following three zones are developed in the topsoil mound during

storage:

Aerobic zones: Soil is active in this zone

Transition zone: Fluctuates between predominantly aerobic and

anaerobic status.

This zone is inactive and low in buological activity as well as

organic content.

(B) Methology of Stripping: The method of stripping should be normally by

the scrappers only. The routing of scrappers during this operation must

be planned to mininmise the travel of machines to avoid compaction

and damage of soil structure. Furtherm careful control of operation is

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necessary to ensure planned stripping depths of the topsoil and sub-

soil. These soils should be stripped and stored separately. Intermingling

of these soils during stripping is not a good practice.

(C) It is essential that topsoil stripping is carried out when it is as dry as

possible to reduce the risk of compaction and damage to the soil

structure by smearing and remoulding. Prolonged rainfall is unsuitable.

The best part of the year is when evapo-transportation exceeds

precipitation i.e during the months of March-September.

(D) Geometry of Topsoil Heap: The heap should be constructed to facilitate

the following:

To provide the maximum surface area for mantaining greater level

of Biological activity.

To have slopes capable of sustaining vegetation to avoid erosion

and gully formation.

Space constraints imposed by the site factors and soil texture would

generally dictate the overll size and shape of the heap. As a rule of the

thumb, the following stack geometry may be mantained as far as possible to

preserve the topsoil and increase the shelf life.

a) Height:

i) 4.0m (Max) for sand soil

ii) 2.0 to 3.0 for loamy soil

iii) 1.0 for heavy clayey soil

iv) 0.5 to 1.0 for intermediate soil texture.

b) Slope:

Wide slope of 1 in 3 (i.e 18.50 to the horizontal)

If there is constraint in the availability od area, one or both pof the

following strategies can be adopted:

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ALT-I

An acoustic barrier of topsoil may be constructed in the safety zone

near the working face. When the working face advances , the embankment

away from it may be reclaimed and respread over the subsoil of the

technically reclaimed area. This would abate the noise pollution besides

noise preservation of topsoil and reduction of thr demand on the land

requirement.

ALT-II

Intial topsoil may be spread over the area to be mined. When the scope

for progressive reclaimation is available, the respread topsoil along with the

insitu one may be stripped carefully and utilised. This method would also

preserve the topsoil and reduce the demand on landintake.

E) It is advisable to avoi the topsoil storage, specifically the longterm one.

However if storage is unavoidable upon completion of the surface of the

heap, the following steps are to be followed to keep the soil in good

health and to increase its shelf life.

a) Surface ripping with suitable sub-soiling machine for the purpose of

aeration and relieving surface compaction.

b) Immediate cultivation of suitable low maintanance species like dwarf

grasses to prevent erosion and guily formation.

c) Maintenance of surface vegetation actively by seeding, mowing, and

weed control operation.

10.1.9.6.6 Topsoil Carpeting

The following golden rules need to be observed:

i) Overburden, sub-soil and topsoil should be respread to correct

sequence putting the topsoil on the top of the back filled area.

ii) Top soil should be respread over the restoration area at an even depth

so as to achieve the final level and suitable configuration for drainage.

iii) As far as possible progressive top soil reclaimation technique should be

practised. The topsoil from the area lying just ahead of the advancing

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opencast mine edge should be scrapped off by scrapper and

immediately placed over the technically reclaimed area.

iv) Compaction of topsoil after respreading over reclaimed area should be

avoided by properly planning the movement of Earth Moving Machinery

and carrying ou the operation in dry period only.

v) If topsoil is to be reclaimed from the heap for spread in the backfilled

area and OB dump area, the reclaimation should be planned in such a

wat that materials from aerobic , transition and anaerobic zones are

takem simultaneously. The above zones should not be taken out

separately as it is essntial to use the active surface layer as ‘inoculum’

during soil respreading to recover the inactive portion of the mound as

quickly as possible.

10.1.9.7 MANAGEMENT / DECOMMISSIONING OF INFRASTRUCTURE

The infrastructure like workshop, office buildings, residential colony, roads

and transmission lines, etc., will be provided for the project. Considering the ground

realities existing during the period just one year before mine closure, plan for

reutilization in neighbouring mines or decommissioning will be made. If

decommissioning of infrastructure is done, the land occupied by the infrastructure will

be restored for some useful purpose. The cost for decommissioning will be met from

the 'Fund' created for mine closure activities.

10.1.9.8 MANAGEMENT OF DISPOSAL OF MINING MACHINERY The salvaging and shifting operation of mining machinery and other

equipment will be planned considering the ground realities existing during the period

1 year advance of final closure of the mine.

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10.1.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

10.1.10.1 MANAGEMENT OF HYDROLOGY & HYDROGEOLOGY DURING MINE PERIOD AND POST MINING CLOSURE PERIOD.

During mining period

Assessment of hydrology and hydro-geology of the area Investigations have been carried out in and around the area

comprising of core and buffer zones of this project. The matter

has been dealt.

Estimation of ground water availability of the area Ground water availability of the area comprising of core and

buffer zones of this project has been assessed.

Water demand, dewatering of the mine and waste water management

The above details have been given in this report. Impact of the mine on ground water and surface water The impacts have been assessed and given in this report.

During post-mine closure period

Surface flow pattern of precipitation run-off and mine water has been

discussed in this report.

Management of recharge areas

Mining operation of this project will create voids or depressions, which

will induce / accelerate rainfall recharge and decrease run-off in the

mining area. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the

treated mine discharge water totally to the extent possible by keeping

the make of water in different sumps or low lying areas of the mine.

The remaining water will be discharged to the natural drainage for

ground water recharge in the same basin. The final voids of the quarry

will be left as a water reservoir for water harvesting and also recharging

the aquifer in the surrounding area.

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Acceptable surface and ground water flows

The drainage arrangement for smooth disposal of storm water from OB

dump will be made to avoid gully formation on the dump body and also

siltation problem of the nearby natural drains.

10.1.10.2 DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENT FOR EXTERNAL OB DUMP & FOR INTERNAL DUMP

Drainage arrangement for OB dumps

Catch drain

An open drain of appropriate size will be provided on all terraces

at the foot of next bench to receive the storm water from upper

benches. This will be discharged to the lower benches through

masonry chute, thus minimizing gully formation in the slope of

external dump.

Foot drain

A foot drain of proper size will be provided around the OB dump.

This drain collects run-off from dump and directs it to settling

tank/sedimentation pond before discharge to nearby natural water

courses.

Drainage arrangement for internal OB dumps

A part of the quarry will be backfilled with overburden. The backfilling

will be carried out in a phased manner. Once the backfilling has

reached a certain predetermined reduced level, the plots will be leveled,

graded and cleared of large stone pieces lying on the surface. The

slope of the ground will be made very gentle as far as possible

(preferably less than 2%). The graded and leveled area will be divided

into small sectors and small check bunds will be constructed to retain

moisture and humus in the soil. The drainage arrangements for

precipitation run-off are as follows :

During working stage, the run-off will be collected from internal

dump by foot drain for diverting to mine sump for pumping.

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In the post-mining period, the drainage pattern of the reclaimed

area will be such that the run-off will be diverted to final void of the

quarry which will be developed as a water reservoir for water

harvesting and also recharging the aquifer in the surrounding

area.

There is an intricate relationship between surface water and ground

water. In the monsoon period, till the aquifer attains its original ground water level,

surface water bodies like stream, ponds & lakes recharge the aquifer. As soon as

ground water recoups and attains its level, it contributes again to surface water

bodies. After post-monsoon period, this process is reversed again as ground water

level gets lowered from the original level.

The mine dewatering brings down ground water level in the immediate

vicinity of the mine. Maximum effort will be made to recycle or reuse the treated mine

discharge water totally to the extent possible by keeping the make up water in

different sumps or low lying areas of the project. In unusual situations during

monsoon, mine discharge water will be allowed to go as recharge/run-off in the same

basin of the area.

As such, this area is having an average annual rainfall of 1514 mm.

This rainfall replenishes the annual ground water draft every year. This will enhance

the recharge of the aquifer in the area for mitigating the lowering of ground water

level in the area surrounding the mine.

10.1.10.3 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT

The core zone of the project comprising of excavation zone, infrastructure

area, OB dump sites, safety zone for blasting, etc., covers partly and/or fully the land

from two (2) villages namely, Telendih Village (part of village Gopalpur) and

Ratansara Village (Part). About 222 families will be displaced due to mining and other

associated activities of this project. These families will be resettled and rehabilitated

socially, culturally and economically along with other displaced such as major married

sons, unmarried daughters of 30 years of age, etc., as per latest Norms of Govt. of

Orissa, May, 2006. Details of project affected families and project affected persons

are given below:

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Ratansara* 117 468

Total 222 751





economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006.

10.1.10.4 MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY

Air Quaility Impact Prediction has been done using AERMOD software

and it has observed that with control measures the predicted absolute values of PM10

and PM2.5 levels is well within the permissible limit.

Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient

air quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures will be adopted for

various operations like drilling operation, blasting operation, loading and transport,

coal handling plant, fires at coalfaces and coal stock yard, OB dump(s) and workshop

and stores, etc.

10.1.11 SOCIAL ASPECTS

10.1.11.1 REDEPLOYMENT OF WORKFORCE

Redeployment of workforce after completion of mine will be made in the

expansion and nearby mines in the Ib Coalfields.

10.1.11.2 MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY FACILITIES

The peripheral village community facilities developed by the Mine Authority

will be handed over to the Local Body / State Govt. for management.

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10.1.11.3 MANAGEMENT OF ASSOCIATION AND CONSULTATION WITH

STAKE HOLDERS

The effective implementation of the mine closure plan requires detailed

consultation with stake holders like employee, trade union, mine related business,

state and central govt. agencies, etc. Association and consultation of different stake

holders will make them actively involved, and thus smooth mine closure operation

may be possible.

10.1.12 SAFETY & SECURITY ASPECTS

10.1.12.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT

These aspects have been dealth in this report in detail.

10.1.12.2 CARE AND MAINTENANCE DURING TEMPORARY

DISCONTINUANCE

The guidelines/instructions from DGMS will be followed in case of

discontinuance of mine operation, if any.

10.1.12.3 MANAGEMENT OF FIRE

The measures for management of fire at coal faces in the mine and coal

stockyard as given in the Chapter-VII of this report, will be adopted / to be adopted

and there will be no safety hazards for the neighbouring community after the mine

closure.

10.1.12.4 SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Special precaution should be taken while deploying workers in the mine.

Before employing any labour in the mine proper vocational training should be

imparted and recommendations of the latest Safety Conference should be strictly

followed. Management for deployment of labours by outside agency shall fix terms

and conditions. Some of the major aspects are as follows:

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A) FOR PERSONS

i) No persons shall be deployed unless he is trained at VTC

ii) Records in Form-B, Form-D shall be maintained.

iii) Records of Vocational training Certificate and driving license of

operators shall be kept by HEMM outsourcing agency and shall be

made readily available for inspection by management.

iv) No person shall be employed unless person holds VTC certificate and

Management is informed. A record of it shall be maintained.

v) Qualified competent persons shall maintain adequate supervision.

vi) Outside agency shall follow safety guidelines and safety instruction from

Project Authorities.

B) FOR MACHINERIES AS RECOMMENDED BY DGMS CIR. (TECH.) 1

OF 1999.

i) All the machineries to be deployed in mines should be checked before

deployment by competent authority.

ii) Regular checking of m/c deployed by outside agency shall be done. No

unfit machine shall be deployed before the defect is rectified.

iii) A proper record of repair and maintenance along with inspection done

by management and defect pointed out shall be maintained and signed

by authorized person.

iv) The trucks deployed outside agency shall be provided with Audio

visual alarms, proper light for use at night and period when natural light

is not sufficient. Also audio-visual alarms for reversing on trucks shall

be provided.

C) OTHER PRECAUTIONS FOR MACHINE

i) RTO certificate photo copies of all vehicles shall be submitted to

management

ii) Daily welding, monitoring, inspection shall be done by the agency’s

mechanic as directed by management.

iii) Machine manufacturers should be asked to give risk analysis details in

respect machines deployed by outside agencies.

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iv) Suitable type of the fire extinguishers shall be provided in every

machine.

v) No person/vehicle shall be deployed at any place other than authorised

place.

vi) All worker should obey lawful instruction of mine management.

vii) Risk management Plan shall be made and implemented.

viii) All driver shall obey systematic traffics rules prepared by management

ix) Before deploying workers they must be trained and briefed about safety

aspects in opencast mine. However, during course of execution of the

work, if any accident occurs whether major or minor, the matter shall

have to be immediately informed to mine management i.e. Colliery

Manager/Agent/GM of the area so that Notices of accidents in a

accordance of (Reg.9 of CMR 1957) and Section 23 of Mines Act 1952

may be given and other necessary steps may be taken in accordance

with the Mines Act 1952.

x) Outside agency shall operate transport system in such a way so as to

minimize pollution in the mine.

STABILITY OF BENCHES, QUARRY HIGHWALLS AND SPOIL DUMPS:

During quarry operations, it is necessary to adopt required mining

parameters for the stability of benches, high walls and spoil dumps. It is also

mandatory to examine systematically the fencing of mine workings, landslides and

cracks between benches. It is required to maintain well-graded and wide roads on

benches keeping the width of working areas sufficient for spreading of blasted rock

and movement of the mining and transport equipment. During actual mining

operation, systematic observations of the conditions of benches high wall slopes

and spoil dumps should be carried out and the dimensions be modified if necessary

to suit the local conditions.

PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DANGER OF INUNDATION FROM SURFACE

WATER

1) A careful assessment is to be made against the danger from surface

water before on the onset of rainy seasons. The necessary precautions

should be clearly laid down and implemented. A garland drain needs to

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be provided to drain away the surface rainwater from coming into the

mine.

2) Inspections for any accumulation of rainwater, obstruction in normal

drainage and weakening in embankment.

3) Standing order; for withdrawal of working persons in case of

apprehended danger.

4) During heavy rain inspection of vulnerable points is essential. In case of

any danger persons are to be withdrawn to safer places.

5) Nallah or water inlets may be diverted or isolated by embankments/if so

required.

PREVENTIONS OF FLOODING OF EQUIPMENT DEPLOYED AT

BOTTOM HORIZONS

During the heavy monsoon period, the mining operation in the lower-most

bench may have to be stopped. Therefore, it is proposed to drawn the lowest bench,

which would work as a sump. The water will be pumped out and discharged into the

drain through settling tank. For ensuring safety of the equipment while working out

horizons with no access to surface profile, the following measures should be taken:

1) Drivage of initial trenches and coal cutting benches should be done

during the dry period of the year.

2) Ramps should be made for quick shifting of equipment from bottom

horizons, liable to be flooded during monsoon period, to the top

horizons.

PREVENTION OF ELECTRIC SHOCKS

During mining operations, all the statutory provisions of the Indian Electricity

Rules 1956, and the Indian Standards for installation and maintenance of electrical

equipment etc. should be observed.

1) For protection from electric shocks to persons, from electrical

equipment with high voltage, Earth Leakage Relay should be provided

which will automatically disconnect electrical circuits.

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2) Closed mobile substations and switchgears should be mechanically

interlocked which exclude the possibility of opening the door when oil

switch and air circuit breaks are in operation.

3) All metal parts of electrical equipment should be properly earthed to

avoid failure of insulation.

4) All H.T. lines and cables located within the blasting zones should be

disconnected during blasting operations.

DUST SUPPRESSION & DILUTION OF EXHAUST FUMES

The following measures should be adopted for dust suppression at all quarry

working places, dumps, haul roads, CHP and near auxiliary mining operations:

1) Spraying with water on all working faces & haul roads, by special

spraying machines or water-sprinkler.

2) While drilling holes, it is necessary to use dust extraction devices.

3) Installation of local dust suppression and air conditioning devices in

cabins of excavators and drilling rigs may be considered.

4) Levelling of spoil dump surface.

5) Separate dust suppression arrangement should be provided for CHP.

To prevent collection of harmful mixture in the atmosphere, from the different

sections of quarry working, it is recommended:-

1) To spread out the sources of dust formation and omission of harmful

gases throughout the working area of the quarry.

2) Drilling & blasting operations should be timed for periods of maximum

wind activity during the day.

3) Dumpers may be provided with purifiers for exhaust gases.

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN FOR FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE

PREVENTION

In addition to statutory provisions, the measures for firefighting and

prevention of fires are as follows:

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1) Organization of special cell for systematic observations to examine and

prevent fire.

2) Removal of spillage of coal on benches and cleaning of coal horizons to

prevent cases of coal heating.

3) Storage of lubricants and cotton waste in enclosed fireproof containers

in working places.

4) Provisions of fire extinguishers

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN WHILE DRILLING BLASTING

Following measures should be taken while drilling and blasting operations in

the quarry:

1) Drilling and Blasting in quarry should be done in accordance with the

provisions of Mines Safety Act, rules and regulations.

2) Adequate safety measures have to be taken during blasting operation in

the quarry so that men/machine are not affected.

10.1.13 FINANCIAL ASPECTS

COST OF EXECUTING THE MINE CLOSURE ACTIVITIES AND POST-

PROJECT MONITORING

Activity wise Progressive & Final Mine Closure cost distribution is given

below:

Sl. No.

ACTIVITY Manpower Required

(No.)

Mine Closure Cost (percentage weightage)

Remarks

A Dismantling of Structures

To be included in final mine closure plan

Service Buildings 42 0.2

Residential Buildings 101 2.67

Industrial structures like CHP, Workshop, field sub-station, etc.

125 0.3

B Permanent Fencing of mine void and other dangerous area


Random rubble masonry of height 1.2 metre including leveling up in cement concrete 1:6:12 in mud mortar

87 1.5

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C Grading of highwall slopes To be included in final mine closure plan Levelling and grading of highwall slopes 54 1.77

D OB Dump Reclamation

Handling/Dozing of OB Dump and backfilling 396 88.66 71% for progressive and 17.66% for final mine closure.

Technical and Bio-reclamation including plantation and post care.

130 0.4 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.

E Landscaping

Landscaping of the open space in leasehold area for improving its esthetics an eco value

17 0.3 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.

F Plantation

Plantation over cleared area obtained after dismantling Included in ‘D’ 0.5 To be included in final mine closure plan

Plantation around the quarry area and in safety zone Included in ‘D’ 0.2 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.

Plantation over the external OB Dump Included in ‘C’ 0.02 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.

G Post Closure Env Monitoring / testing of parameters for three years

For three years after mine closure Air Quality

8

0.22

Water Quality 0.2

H Entrepreneurship Development (Vocational/skill development training for sustainable income of affected people

To be out-sourced

0.26 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.

I Miscellaneous and other mitigative measures To be out-sourced

2.0 Equal weightage throughout the life of the mine.

J Post Closure Manpower cost for supervision Included in ‘A’

to ‘F’ 0.8


TOTAL 100.00

MINE CLOSURE COST

The cost of the mine closure of the project has been estimated comprising of

cost of reclamation of mined out area, cost of air quality protection measure,

decommissioning cost of infrastructure, cost of safety & security, socio-economic

cost, cost of organization for executing the closure activities, cost of post project

monitoring for three years, rehabilitation of mining machinery (disposal of mining

machinery), arboriculture and land scaping including biological reclamation and cost

of barbed wire fencing all around working area.

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The mine closure cost as mentioned above, for Basundhara west Extension

OCP has been considered Rs.8.476 lakh per ha [as per WPI (Nov., 2016)

(provisional)].

Annual closure cost has been computed considering the total project area as

per guide line. The Money to be levied per hectare of the total project are to be

deposited every year after commencement of any activity on the land for the mine

after opening an Escrow Account. Mining Company/owner including all Public

Sector Unertakings will deposit the yearly amount in a Schdeluded Bank. The details

of the final mine Closure Plan along with the details of the cost estimate for various

mine closure activites and Escrow Account shall be submitted to the Ministry of Coal

for approval. An amount equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year

throughout the mine life compounded @ 5% annually. Annual closure cost is to be

computed considering the total project area at the above mentioned rates and

dividing the same by the life of mine. When implementation of the final mine closure

scheme is undertaken by the mine owner starting five years before the scheduled

closure of mining operations, the Coal Controller may permit withdrawals (four years

before final mine closure date) from the Escrow Account propositionate to the

quantum of work carried out, as reimbursement. The withdrawn amount shall not

exceed 80% of the total amount deposited in the account.

Total Project area involved : 323.92 Ha

Mine closure cost/Ha (November 2016 cost base) : Rs.8.487 lakh

Total Mine closure cost (November 2016 cost base) : Rs.2749.11 lakh

PHASING OF MINE CLOSURE COST

The annual closure cost is to be computed considering the total leasehold

area (Total project area) and dividing the same by the life of the mine. An amount

equal to the annual cost is to be deposited each year throughout the mine life

compounded @5% annually.

Total mine closure cost estimated : Rs.2749.11 lakhs

Life of the project : 12 years

Out of the 12 years last 5 years are for final implementation of mine closure

activities, for annual cost calculations 12 years period has been considered:

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Annual mine closure amount to be deposited with Coal Controller:

2749.11 lakhs/12 years = 229.09 lakhs per year.

Yearly phasing of mine closure cost is as below:

Year Mine closure cost( Rs. in lakh)

Yr-1 229.09

Yr-2 240.55

Yr-3 252.57

Yr-4 265.20

Yr-5 278.46

Yr-6 292.38

Yr-7 307.00

Yr-8 322.35

Yr-9 338.47

Yr-10 355.39

Yr-11 373.16

Yr-12 391.82

TOTAL 3646.44

Total estimated mine closure cost compounded @5% annually for 12

years is : Rs. 3646.44 lakhs.

The mine closure cost deposited and amount released to mine owner/lease

holder will be as per guidelines issued by Ministry of Coal vide letter no.55011-01-

2009-CPAM, Dt.7/1/2013.

RELEASE OF FUND FOR MINE CLOSURE

As per the mine closure rule up to 80% of the total deposited amount

including interest accrued in the ESCROW account may be released after every five

years in the line with the periodic examination of the Closure Plan.

10.2 POST-OPERATIONAL STAGE LAND USE PLAN LANDSCAPE

Pre Mining and post mining land use has already been discussed in para

10.1.9.3.

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10.2.1 MANAGEMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE

Industrial Structures

As far as possible, industrial structures will be utilised by the adjacent

projects. However, if these structures are not found fit at the end of mine life, the

same will be dismantled and salvaged. The equipment will be removed and used

somewhere else. Every effort will be made to restore the area to economic utilisation

value as per the mine closure plan.

Service Buildings and Colony

In association with the appropriate agencies (Central/State/Social

Organisation), these buildings will be utilised for some beneficial purposes to be

identified for mine closure planning during one year before closure of the mine. The

vacant land within the leasehold area will be afforested and made fit for purposeful

usage.

10.3 CONTROL MEASURES FOR TRAFFIC MOVEMENT

The following control measures are adopted and shall be continued:

Frequent water sprinkling on haul roads and coal transportation roads.

Plantation on both sides of the roads on the surface.

Proper maintenance of road to remove ruts and potholes.

Proper illumination of roads including haul road.

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Job No.706135 Chapter 11, Page - 1

Chapter – 11

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed Basundhara (West) Extension OCP has been formulated

within Chaturdhara block in the Gopalpur Sector of Ib-valley coalfield. The

Chaturdhara block is located in north-western central part of Ib River coalfield of

Odisha, known as Gopalpur sector.

The Project Report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) has

been approved by MCL Board on 28.02.2017.

The Mining Plan and Mine Closure Plan of Basundhara (West) Extension

OCP (8.75 Mty) has been approved by MoC vide Letter No. 4012/(04)/2011-CPAM

dated 22-03-2017.

Form-I and Prefeasibility report for Basundhara (West) Extension OCP

(8.75 Mty) was discussed in 11th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held

on 30-31st May, 2017 and 24th Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) meeting held on

11th Jan, 2018.

EAC had recommended Terms of Reference (ToR) for Basundhara (West)

Extension OCP (8.75 Mty) vide letter no.J-11015/26/2017-IA.II(M) dated 2nd Feb,

2018 issued by MoEF&CC, New Delhi. The EIA-EMP has been prepared

incorporating all the ToR items. Details of the mine lease area is as follows:

Land Details– Mining Lease Area (Area in Ha)



Safety Zone 2.75 3.73 6.48



Mine Lease Area 227.62 96.30 323.92

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Total 227.62 142.15 369.77

Location details of Basundhara (W) Extn. OCP

Coalfield : Ib Valley coalfield

Area : Basundhara

Tahsil : Himgir

District : Sundergarh

Latitudes : 22o03'41.14" to 22o04'41.75" N

Longitudes : 83o40'22.90" to 83o42'18.75" E

Toposheet No. : 64 N/12 (RF 1:50,000)

Communication

Sl. Item Distance

1. Nearest revenue town & Dist. HQ

Sundergarh (46 km)

2. Connection to the State Capital 450 km to Bhubaneswar via NH-55

3. Connection to the company HQrs, Burla

150 km via Sundergarh, Jharsuguda, Sambalpur

4. Nearest railhead Himgir railway station on Mumbai – Howrah line of South Eastern railway is at a distance of about 35km.

5. Airport Veer Surendra Sai Airport Jharsuguda is at distance of approx. 70 Km.

Topography, Drainage & Climate The block under reference is represented by forest land, river and paddy

field. Major part of the block is however, covered by forest land. Chaturdhara nala

flowing west to east in the southern boundary of the block separates the blocks

from Siarmal /Banapatra blocks. The general topography of the block is undulating

and is mostly forest land and some patches of barren lands are also featuring in

the block. The general altitude of the block is varying from 270 metres to 334

metres.

The area experiences a sub-tropical warm temperature. About 70% of

rainfall occurs during rainy season i.e. June to Sept.

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The distance of water bodies are as follows:

S.No. Water body Distance & Direction (approx.)

1. Basundhara River Adjacent (E)

2. Telendra Nala 94 m (S)

3. Barhajharia Nala 230 m (W)

4. Bhaina Jhor 3.4 Km (NE)

5. Albahaljhor 6.64 Km (SW)

6. Ichcha Nadi 8.65 Km (NE)

Description of Core Zone The total land required for mining operations in proposed project i.e. core

zone will be around 323.92 ha involving 227.62 ha of forest land. The core zone of

the project comprising of excavation zone, infrastructure area, safety zone for

blasting, etc., covers partly and/or fully the land from two (2) villages namely

Gopalpur(Telendih) and Ratansara.

Description of Buffer Zone

The buffer zone i.e. area within 10 km radius from the periphery of

the project boundary.

Basundhara West OC, Kulda OC and Garjanbahal OCP are located

in buffer zone.

Basundhara river and Telendra nala flow at adjacent of mine and 94

m respectively.

The reserve forests falling in the buffer zone are Kalatpani

RF,Jamkani RF, Garjanpahar RF, Garjanjor RF, Burhapaharh RF,

Banjhikachhar RF, Garhaghat RF, Kurumkel RF, Aradlungri RF

Ecologically sensitive areas such as national park, sanctuary,

biosphere, etc. are not present within 10 km radius from the project.

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Geo-Mining Characteristics:

Sl. No.

Particulars Unit As per Extn. PR

(8.75 Mty)

1 Area

i) Along final quarry floor(Total) Ha 254.05

ii) Along final quarry surface(Total) Ha 306.35


3 Overburden M cum 97.22




7 Strike length

i) Minimum m 951

ii) Maximum m 2757

8 Depth of quarry

i) Minimum m 3

ii) Maximum m 116

9 Avg. seam thickness m 24.05

10 Gradient - 30 - 80

11 Quarry perimeter Total m 8653.82

Coal Winning and OB Removal

Particulars Type of machinery

Coal winning & transportation

Coal will produced by Surface miner and loading by Front End loader to dumper.

OB removal & transportation

OB will be removed by Shovel-Dumper Combination.

Manpower

The total manpower required for the project is 854.

Water demand & supply arrangement

Total for 8.75 Mty

Potable (in Kld) 500

Industrial (in Kld) 1510

Total (in Kld) 2010

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The potable water requirement will be met from Basundhara (East) OCP

old Quarry. Industrial water demand will be met initially from Basundhara (West)

OCP sump water and after stabilization of proposed mine, the water will be used

from its own mine sump.

11.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

To assess the existing environmental scenario, baseline data has been

generated for various environmental components (such as air, water &noise) by

M/s Ecomen Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. during the period 4th November 2017 to 3rd

February 2018. The flora fauna & Socio-Economic study was done by M/s. VRDS

Consultants. The detailed report is given in EIA/ EMP.

For baseline data of ambient air quality, Nine (9) monitoring stations (1 in

Core zone & 8 in Buffer zone) were fixed on the basis of meterological parameters

like predominant wind direction and wind speeds besides physiography of the

area. Twenty four (24) hourly data have been generated for each parameter i.e.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX at each monitoring station for two days in a week for

four consecutive weeks in a month for three months i.e. 4th November 2017 to 3rd

February 2018. The average concentration levels (24 hrly) of all parameters for all

buffer zone stations are well within the permissible limit of the National Ambient Air

Quality Standards (NAAQS) 2009.

The baseline data w.r.t water quality of various inland surface water and

ground water sources had been generated. Nine (9) sampling stations covering

surface water, ground water and mine water discharge were selected in the core

zone and buffer zone of the project. The analysis shows that various physical and

chemical parameters are within permissible limit.

The ambient noise level (leq) measurement for the project covering both

core zone and buffer zone stations (9 stations) are within the permissible limits.

The flora & fauna study was conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by

M/s. VRDS Consultants.

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The Socio Economic Study in Core & Buffer area based on primary and

secondary survey conducted during November 2017 to January 2018 by M/s.

VRDS Consultants. The study area comprises of rural area of district

Sundergardh, Odisha.

The following villages are likely to be affected due to mining & its related

activities:



Ratansara* 117 468

Total 222 751





economically as per latest R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006.

11.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

There will be impacts on different environmental components e.g. air,

water, noise, flora & fauna, land etc. due to mining and its related activities which

are described below:

11.3.1 Impact on air quality & control measures

Ambient air quality will be affected due to presence of PM10 PM2.5, SO2&

NOX which will begenerated due to various activities related to project. To predict

the impact on the air quality, Air Quality Impact Predict was done using

AERMOD software.

It has been observed that the maximum incremental value of PM10 was

found at Telendih (core zone) as 29.61 µg/m3 without control measures and

21.59 µg/m3 with control measures. The absolute values of PM10 at Telendih

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village with control measures is observed as 120.01 µg/m3 which is well within

the permissible limit of 250 µg/m3 as per coal mine standards.

In buffer zone also at all eight stations the value of PM10 and PM2.5 has

been observed well within permissible limit of NAAQS 2009 except value of PM10

at Ghogharpali village. To further bring down the value of PM10 at Ghogharpali

village additional control measures (eg. Fog canon) will be deployed. Apart from

this three tier green belt will also be developed at down wind direction to arrest

the particulate matter.

Appropriate air control measures will be adopted to maintain the ambient

air quality within the stipulated standard. The control measures which will be

adopted are as follows:

All drills are/will be equipped with dust extractors and wet drilling is

recommended in all drilling operation.

Coal production is being/ will be done by blast free environmental friendly

Surface Miner.

Controlled blasting technique is done/ will be donein OB benches to

minimize generation of dust.

All effort is being/ will be made to keep Un-metaled roads free of ruts.

Covering of coal transportation trucks with tarpaulin at top and bottom.

Suppression of dust by fixed sprinklers in Railway sidings, coal stocks etc..

By mobile water tankers on haul road/coal transport road.

Provision of adequate fire-fighting arrangements.

Greenbelt & plantation in mining area, safety zone area, other places etc.

11.3.2 Impact on Noise level & control measures

i. Impacts

The major adverse impacts during pre-mining and mining phases are

generation of obnoxious levels of noise & vibrations which also spread in

neighbouring communities.

ii. Control measures

The following control measures shall be taken:

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Proper designing of plant & machinery by providing in-built

mechanisms like silencers, mufflers and enclosures for noise

generating parts and shock absorbing pads at the foundation of

vibrating equipment.

Routine maintenance of equipment.

Rational deployment of noise generating plant and machinery.

Locating township away from noise centre.

HEMMs with sound proof cabins.

Personal protective devices to all the persons working in high noise

areas.

Regular monitoring of noise levels at various points.

11.3.3 Impact due to blast & vibration and control measures

Blasting may affect the mineworkers as well as people residing in the

vicinity of mine and dependent upon the type & quantity of explosives used pit

geology, topography and confinement of the blast.

Control measures:

All provisions of Coal Mines Regulations will be followed

Overcharging will be avoided.

Stemming material to be used is sand.

Use of millisecond delay detonators that are initiated by shock tube initiation

system, between rows and between holes in the same row.

Before blasting is done, warning sound is given so that people can move to

safe places.

A blasting danger zone will be kept around the periphery of the quarry. This

zone will be kept free from village habitation and community infrastructure.

11.3.4 Impact on land resource & control measures

The major direct impacts on existing land use during the pre-mining

phase are the removal of vegetation and resettlement of displaced population.

There may also be land use changes with respect to agriculture, fisheries,

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recreation sites, housing, forestry areas, etc. Land reclamation / restoration of

mined out lands may give rise to enhanced beneficial land use.

Control measures

In proposed project there is no external dumping. All the OBs will be dumped

internally.

During pre-mining the total forest land involved in the project is 227.62 Ha,

however at the time of post mining total plantation area will be 192.40 Ha.

Apart from above 9.17 Ha Plantation will be done at R&R site outside the

lease area. So greencover is almost upto the premining stage.

Topsoil shall be progressively and concurrently utilized during

physical/technical reclamation of backfilled area, thus obviating the

necessity of storage of topsoil separately.

Proper afforestation / plantation are to be carried out for greenbelt

development.

11.3.5 Impact on socio-economic condition & control measures

The major impactsare given below:

i. Displacement and rehabilitation / resettlement of PAFs, including change in

culture, heritage & related features.

ii. Loss of agricultural land

iii. General improvement of economy of area.

iv. Creation of new employment opportunities.

v. Increase in revenue of the state exchequer.

Control Measures

Two village are likely to be affected due to mining & its related activities of

proposed projects. Total PAF’s involved are 316. These families will be

resettled and rehabilitated socially, culturally and economically as per latest

R & R Policy of Govt. of Orissa, May, 2006

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11.3.6 Impacts on flora and fauna Impacts:

As this is an existing mine, normal mining activities are expected to

continue in the area which will result in modification of landscape. However,

Changes brought about in the landscape, due to mining will be reclaimed as

per Post Mining Plan.

As the forest within lease area and in near vicinity is already degraded,

presence of wild animals is minimal. However, the forest of the neighboring

Forest Division is anticipated to support faunal ecosystem.

Control Measures:

The enhancement of forest area should be done through technical and

biological reclamation of backfilled area, arboriculture / afforestation,

compensatory afforestation, creation of greenbelt and avenue plantation.

Water body created by the final voids will be beneficial to flora and aquatic

ecosystem as the area is prone to water scarcity.

Top Soil Management during the mining phase is highly recommended for

restoration and reclamation of mine spoil sites through nutrient rich top soil.

The mine water should not be discharged to neighboring water bodies. If

required, water is discharged only after suitable treatment. No adverse

impact on downstream aquatic life of surface water courses is expected.

Green Belt Development for abating air pollution and enhancing green

cover.

11.3.7 Impact on hydrology & hydro-geology and control measures

(i) Impacts

Siltation and chocking of water courses.

Deterioration of water quality & pollution of water bodies.

Due to excavation, decline in ground water in the immediate vicinity.

(ii) Control measures

The backfilling of the decoaled area will reduce the mine seepage

resulting to restore ground water.

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Recycling of wastewater at some sources after appropriate treatment

to achieve "zero discharge" to the extent possible.

The quality of the treated effluents will be maintained as per norm..

Reuse of treated water for watering of plants.

Provision of Oil & grease traps and settling chambers for industrial

effluents from workshop and reuse of treated water.

Provision of garland drain and sedimentation pond/settling tank

around mine boundary.

Storm water drainage arrangement.

11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

For effective implementation of various environmental control measures

and subsequently monitoring the same, permanent environmental management

organisations are essential at corporate, area and project levels. The various

environmental attributes like air quality, water quality, effluent quality, noise level,

etc. is being and will be monitored as per the following schedules:

For air quality Two days in a month at each station (once in a fortnight).

For water and effluent quality

Once in a month for each station (for drinking water quality), once in a fortnight (for 4 parameters) and once in a year (23 parameters) (for effluent quality)

For ground water level monitoring

4 times in a year (i.e., April/May, August, November & January)

For noise level

Once in a day-time and once in a night-time in every fortnight at each station.

11.5 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed expansion project will enhance the socio-economic activities

in the adjoining areas. This will result in following benefits:

Improvement in Physical Infrastructure in the area

Improvement in Social Infrastructure

Increase in Employment Potential

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Accelerated economic activities and urbanization may increase

quality of life and standard of living.

Contribution of Direct tax, sales tax , Royalty etc to the National

Exchequer

Post-closure Enhancement of Green Cover

MCL, as a responsible corporate organization, is playing a significant role

in developing the region around its mines in the State of Odisha.MCL takes up

various infrastructural development works in the surrounding area covering the felt

needs of the local community.

11.6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

A well defined Environment Management Plan will be implemented as

described in EIA/EMP for proper monitoring and ensuring proper implementation

of suggestive mitigative measures. For ensuring the effectiveness of mitigative

measures routine environmental monitoring is being and will be done as per the

conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance letter. For effective

implementation of various environmental control measures and subsequently

monitoring the same, dedicated technical personnel are being and will be deployed

at corporate, area and project levels.

11.7 CONCLUSION

To meet the increasing demand of power in the country, more and more

super thermal power stations are being planned in western, northern and eastern

India, majority of which are coal based and may be linked from Ib-valley coalfield.

Hence, considering the demand of coal and quarriable potential of the blocks,

formulation of the proposed Basundhara (West) Extension Opencast Project for

rated capacity of 8.75 Mty is justified.

CMPDI


Chapter-12

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

12.1 NAME OF CONSULTANT

Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited. Briefly, it is called as

‘CMPDI’. It is an ISO 9001 Company. It is also A category accredited consultant by

QCI/NABET in Mining of Minerals, Coal Washeries and Thermal Power Plants

Projects. The Certificate of accreditation vide No. NABET/EIA/1720/ RA 0092 is valid

till 01.10.2020.

Its registered corporate office is situated at Gondwana Place, Kanke Road,

Ranchi – 834031, the capital city of Jharkhand State. It operates through seven

strategically located Regional Institutes over six states territories of India. Details of

all seven Institutes including its corporate office are given as in Table-12.1.

Table-12.1

SI No.

Offices Addresses

Tel/Fax Postal E-Mail Website

1 Corporate Gondwana Place, Kanke Road, Ranchi-834031, Jharkhand

[email protected] http://www. cmpdi.co.in

+916512231850 / 51 / 52

2 Regional Institute-I

West End, GT Road, Asansole – 713301, West Bengal

[email protected] +913412253504/ +913412250935

3 Regional Institute-II

Koyla Bhawan, Koyla Nagar, Dhanbad- 826005, Jharkhand

[email protected] +913262230789/ +913262230500

4 Regional Institute-III

Gondwana Place, Kanke Road, Ranchi-834031, Jharkhand

[email protected] +916512231506/ +916512231501

5 Regional Institute-IV

Kasturba Nagar, Jaripatka, Nagpur- 440014

[email protected] +917122642134/ +917122643231

6 Regional Institute- V

SECL Complex, Seepat Road, Bilaspur-495006, Chhatisgarh.

[email protected] +917752246482/ +917752246481

7 Regional Institute-VI

CWS Colony, P.O. Jayant Colliery, Singrauli- 486890, M.P.

[email protected] +917805222329, 222172 / +917805222330

8 Regional Institute-VII

Near Gandhi Park, Samantapuri, PO:RRL, Bhubaneswar-751013, Odisha

[email protected] +916742392627 +916742394143

CMPDI


All the above Regional Institutes are dedicated to render services to seven

subsidiaries of the CIL as follows:

Table-12.2

Sl. No. Institutes Dedicated to

1 Regional Institute-I Eastern Coalfields Ltd. (ECL)

2 Regional Institute-II Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (BCCL)

3 Regional Institute-III Central Coalfields Ltd. (CCL)

4 Regional Institute-IV Western Coalfields Ltd. (WCL)

5 Regional Institute-V South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. (SECL)

6 Regional Institute-VI Northern Coalfields Ltd. (NCL)

7 Regional Institute-VII Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd. (MCL)

Headquarter Ranchi is committed to render services to NEC & Non-CIL

clients and specialized assignments for both CIL & Non-CIL clients.

12.2 BRIEF RESUME OF THE CONSULTANTS

The company was formerly known as Coal Mines Authority Limited. And, the

Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited (herein after called as CMPDI) is a

planning & design division of Coal India Limited (herein after called as CIL) as per

Memorandum of Association of the company. The CIL is a holding company since

November 01, 1975, and the CMPDIL is one of its subsidiaries since then. It is under

Ministry of Coal, Government of India.

CMPDI is a premier consultant in open-pit and underground mine planning

and design in coal, lignite and other minerals. CMPDI holds a position of eminence in

the field of environmental engineering both in coal and other sectors. CMPDI has well

equipped network of 6 laboratories located in various coalfields to regularly monitor

air, water noise parameters.

New generation exploration technology coupled with skilled manpower has

made CMPDI a leader in mineral exploration, resource evaluation, resource

management, mining geology, hydro-geological & geophysical studies, engineering

geology investigations, etc.

CMPDI


12.3 ENVIRONMENT DIVISION

CMPDI is routinely dealing with multi-dimensional environmental complexities

of the coal and mineral sector to promote environmentally benign mining design and

mitigation practices in India & abroad.

The services include EIA/EMPs for mining and coal beneficiation projects,

planning & design of Pollution Control Facilities (Industrial & Domestic Effluent

treatment Plants), Mine Closure Plan, Slope Stability analysis for dumps & high walls

and regular environmental monitoring (air, water and noise level). The environmental

laboratory at CMPDI (HQ) is accredited by NABL with ISO-9001 certification.

CMPDI is also accredited by National Board of Education & Training

(NABET), an organ of Quality Council of India (QCI), New Delhi as an EIA Consulting

Organization for two sectors namely mining of minerals including opencast /

underground mining and Coal washeries as per the requirement of Ministry of

Environment & Forests, Government of India.

12.3.1 SERVICES OFFERED

1. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)/ Environmental Management Plan

(EMP)

2. Environmental Monitoring

3. Environmental Statement and Mine Closure Plan

4. Slope Stability and Soil Conservation Studies

5. Engineering Services

6. Land Use Planning

7. Rain Water Harvesting

8. Fly Ash Disposal Studies

9. Research & Development

10. Laboratory Services

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