Binder1 Report

8/8/2019 Binder1 Report

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GRADUATION DEGREE PROJECT 2010 The Graduate Degree Project Evaluation Jury recommends

Devayani Latey

to be awarded the Graduate Degree of the Symbiosis Institute of Design, Pune

Product Designherewith, for the project titled

Guideline for Design of Plastic Products

NAME OF JURY ORGANISATION SIGNATURE

_________________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________

_________________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________

_________________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________

_________________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Chairperson of the Jury Name : ____________________________ Signature __________________Date : ____________________________

S. No. 231/3A-4, Viman Nagar, Pune - 411 014


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Symbiosis Institute o Design 1

GUIDELINE FOR DESIGN OF PLASTIC PRODUCTS


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Acknowledgement The success ul completion o this projectis the result o dedicated e orts put in by

many people and this report would be

incomplete without giving due credit to

them:

This acknowledgment is but a smalltoken o gratitude in recognition o their

help in our endeavor. I sincerely thank

my Industry guide Mr.Siddarth Kabra or

providing me use ul guidance throughout

my Internship.

I would also like to thank my o ce

colleagues at Lokusdesign or providing

use ul guidance and constant motivation

throughout the internship.

I would like to thank my college guide

Mr.Anirudh Natuu or giving me guidance

and eedback about my project.

I am deeply indebted to the College

management, who equipped us withan excellent knowledge base, skill and

a sense o con dence to work in the

corporate world and tackle the obstacles

coming our way e ectively and e ciently,

which was an essential requirement or

the success o this internship.

Last but not the least; I would like to

thanks my riends and my dear parents

who were a constant and willing source

o encouragement and inspiration or me

throughout the project.


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ContentAbout Lokusdesign

Client

Manu acturing Process

Initial Brie

Research-Competitors

Project Review

Soap dish

ResearchMarket Study

User Study

Re-de ned brie

Concept Development

Functional Solutions

Formal Solutions

Concept Re nement

Plastic Bowls

Research

Market study

User study

Concepts

Casseroles

Research

Market Study

User study

Concept DevelopmentFunctional Solutions

Formal Solutions

Conclusion

Guidelines

Bibliography

DVD

5

8

12

11

14

18

17

23

28

29

31

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41

43

44

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56

67

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79

95

96


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About Lokusdesign The word Locus stands or a set o points

satis ying a particular condition, o ten

orming a curve. At Lokusdesign, these

points are individuals or pro t centres

that believe and practice a commonideology.

Lokusdesign was conceptualized when

three NID alumni came together with

the vision o a Global Strategic Design

consulting company that viewed design

as not the end product, but a catalyst or

ultimate business growth.

Globalization was rapidly changing

the ace o the world. With diminishing

boundaries and greater accessibility, the

attitudes o people were evolving and

so were the market dynamics. Localized

businesses, brands and products were

acing threats rom a global competition.

In such a scenario, they elt that businesses

su ered inertia, inhibiting them rom

responding to changes.

A wide gap existed between what

businesses aspired to be and what

eventually ructi ed. They recognized

the need or an intervention with a resh

perspective, to bridge this gap.

With this vision o being a Global Design

think tank by continuously adding

quality and value to clients businesses,

Lokusdesign was ounded in 2002,. And

since then, the three ounder-Directors,

Badve Chandrashekhar, Risaldar Milind

and Kabra Siddharth have carved the way

to success or Lokusdesign.

Lokusdesign, the growth catalyst

nurtures talent and o ers its associates

with tremendous opportunities to

innovate, strategize and experiment.

The work culture in the organization is a

unique combination o e cient systems

and processes and a total reedom to

think, innovate and demonstrate. The

atmosphere within the organization

exudes vibrance and liveliness, which

stimulates the energy levels o eachindividual.


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IDENTIFY

To address your business concerns, we

believe in getting to the root cause o aproblem.

INTEGRATE

This stage o our proprietary process

involves integration o the identi ed

constraints, systems, unctions and

stake holder interests, with user needs

and larger business objectives. Further

ltering o these inputs, categorizing

them into sectors and priorities, results

into a holistic analysis. This in turn enables

re-de nition, convergence and synergies

or robust innovation.

INNOVATE

Innovation though critical, is a much

clichd word and easy to get carried awaywith. Our proprietary process enables us

to brainstorm, think out o the box and

evolve seemingly weird ideas, which are

urther validated and honed to result in

actionable value propositions. Thereby,

leading to a winning solution.

TRANSLATE

.Ideas or strategies are trans ormed into

reality or practice by deploying systems,

processes and resources intelligently. The

virtual image is much more tangible now.

This phase marks the Interpretation

o expressions and experiences to spatial

mani estation, eatures to products, core

concerns to opportunities and ultimatelyleading to growth and value.

MAXIMIZE

The nal stage o our process maximizes

bene ts and value. An e ective design

solution can provide diverse bene ts

other than addressing the immediate

needs or concerns, penetrate new markets

and positions, innovate ways to create

new segments and categories, thereby

creating an opportunity to become a

market leader.

Process


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Port olioLokusdesign has worked or clients like

Wiek eld, Amanora, Cadbury, Sharp,

Cadbury, ITC and many more.

Packaging : Weik eld

Branding: More Mischie Branding: Motomax

Bottle design: BDA

Packaging : Fiama Di Willis Brand identity o Havels

Branding Honeywell Building solutions


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ClientNayasa is a brand which manu actures

general plastic household products.

Product lines include Home Organization

(home storage, drawers, laundry & utility,

wastebaskets), Kitchen & Bath ( oodstorage, kitchen organization, bath),

Thermoware (water coolers, out door

chillers, icy boxes, & insulated ti n), and

Back to School (water bottles, compass

boxes, and lunch boxes) with a product

range o more than 550 products .

Nayasa products can be ound in mass

retailers, supermarkets, department

stores, and distributors.

Nayasa Group is amongst the leading

Indian manu acturers o plastic articlesor household and outdoor use.

The Nayasa Group has 3 brands NISSAN,

NAYASA, & VEEPLAST, all operating in the

sector o plastic articles or household

and outdoor use.

Three manu acturing plants and three

moulding plants in Daman spread over 1

lac 20 thousand square eet with 42 micro

process injection moulding machines

which employs a total o 400 workers andavails itsel o a commercial network or

selling its products in India and abroad.

NAYASA started their exports in 2002,

and their products have already reached

Eastern and Western Europe, A rica, Asia,

Gul , and America.


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Port olio


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Injection MouldingInjection molding is a manu acturing

process or producing parts rom both

thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic

materials. Material is ed into a heated

barrel, mixed, and orced into a moldcavity where it cools and hardens to the

con guration o the mold cavity.

With Injection Molding, granular plastic is

ed by gravity rom a hopper into a heated

barrel. As the granules are slowly moved

orward by a screw-type plunger, the

plastic is orced into a heated chamber,

where it is melted. As the plunger

advances, the melted plastic is orced

through a nozzle that rests against the

mold, allowing it to enter the mold cavitythrough a gate and runner system. The

mold remains cold so the plastic solidi es

almost as soon as the mold is lled. Once

the part is su ciently cool, the mold

opens and the part is ejected.

Double Moulding is a process where there

are two shots o injection moulding on

the same product. Generally, a di erent

colour is applied on the same product.

Manu acturing Process


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Initial Brie To create a guideline to design plastic products by:Researching and Designing 3-4 plastic products or Nayasa.


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Research Comparison o the competitors o Nayasa

Nayasa Milton Cello Prince Prime Bluplast

Water bottlesti ns

compas box

toddlers items

Insulated ti ns

Vaccum fasks

Vaccum mugs

Icebox

Water lters

chopping board

ice tray

ridge bottles

Fruit baskets

ood containers

microwavable containers

Trays

OrganizersStorage containers

Baskets

Laundry Baskets

Crates

Drums


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Nayasa Milton Cello Princeware Prime Bluplast

Buckets

Tubs

Mugs Toothbrush stand

Soap Dishes

Stools

Dustbin

Bathroom Set

Casserole

Plastic glass

Plastic plates

Plastic Bowls

Jugs

Furnniture

From the comparison o the big

competitors o Nayasa, we see that

Nayasa is has a wide range o household

products. They cater to most categories o

household plastic products like Kitchen

items, Bathroom items, Dining items,

Insulated ood carriers, and plastic utilities

like organizers and baskets.

The biggest competitor is Princeware

plastics, which also has a similar product

range like Nayasa catering to most

household plastic items.


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Baskets like laundry baskets, ruit baskets,

basket bags.

Cleaning items like, waste paper baskets,

dust collectors, cleaning brushes, etc.

Childrens items cover a wide spectrum

like lunch boxes, compass boxes, water

bottles, toddlers items like bath tubs

Kitchen Items include ood storage

containers, microwavable containers,

Fridge bottles, ice tray, measuring jugs,

ti n boxes, Colanders, Chopping boards,

egg containers, strainers.

Dining items include Plates, Bowls,

Spoons, Casseroles, jugs, Coasters, Salt

and pepper shakers, plastic glasses, Dishcovers.

Stationary items like pen stands, storage

containers, organizers

Initial Market Research The rst market research done was on thetypes o plastic products available in the

market.

These can be broadly categorised into:

Bathroom itemsKitchen items

Dining items

Baskets

Stationary

Cleaning items

Childrens items

Bathroom accessories include Soap

dishes, Mugs, Buckets, Toothbrush stands,Stools, Tubs.


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At Tulsi- a airly big store in Tulsi buag

In smaller stores, the display is more

conjusted and generally stacked on

shelves.

At Rohit in Tulsi buag

RetailHousehold plastic items are ound in all

kinds o shops:

Big departmental stores like Big Bazaar

Big shops like Maharashtra cheap s tore

Small shops like in Tulsi BuagRoadside vendors

In departmental stores like big bazaar,

home town, @ home, all items are kept on

display in big racks/shelves. All di erent

models, sizes and colours are displayed.

They have attendants coming and

rearranging the display.

a

Big Bazaar

At Tulsi in tulsi buag

On the roadside stalls, items are even

kept on to the ground and stacked over

each other due to lack o space


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Project Review

An internal project review was done and

the products chosen to be designed were

soap dishes, double moulded plastic

bowls and casseroles.

Project Review


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Soap dish Initial Brie : To re-dsign a Soap dish

Research: There are primarily 2 kinds o soap

dishes:1) Wall mounted

2) Sink top

Wall mounted

This is generally attached to the wall and

the xture is permanent.

In some cases, a niche exists in the

wall where the soap is kept.

Sink top

There are two types:

One with a cutout design rom which the

water drains out.

The second type is the ormer; but with

a tray attachment in which the watercollects.

Market StudySoaps The soaps available in the market come in

three di erent sizes: 75g, 100g, 150g, out

o which 100g is most popular. The big

selling soap brands include Lux, Rexona,

Pears, Liril, Human, Santoor. Companies

like Lux cater to a wide range o users rom

the mid low end to the high end, whereas

brands like Dove only cater to the upper

segment and soaps like Humam , Medimix

and Santoor cater to the lower end o the

price spectrum.

The dimensions o soaps are as ollows:

75g: 75x50x20mm

100g:85x55x25mm

150g: 92x60x32mm


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Soap dishes seen in the market:

An mapping o the cost o the soap dish

versus the location it was in is shown

below.

5 20 35 50

Cost in Rupees

r o a d

s m a l

l s h o p s

d e p a r t m e n t a

l s t o r e s

l o c a t i o n

The price is the least by roadside vendors.

Big departmental stores like Big Bazaar

have a wider range or soap dishes: rom

lower end costing as much as roadside

vendors and also expensive soap dishes

costing above rupees ty.


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An mapping o the cost o the soap dish

versus the eatures is shown:

Features include:

-Basic cut out design

-Tray or collecting water-Toothbrush stand

-Vacuum pad or temporary wall

attachment

A mapping o the cost o the soap dish

versus the aesthetics perceived is shown:

From this, we understand that not

necessarily the most expensive is the best

looking. In ace, the cheapest one is rated

highest by the shop owners based on

what people buy.

5 20 35 50Cost in Rupees

Cost in Rupees5 20 35 50

b a s

i c

w / c o v e r

w / t r a y

w / s t a n

d

o t h e r

a e s t

h e t i c s


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Graphics observed

The graphics on soap dishes generally

are:

-Flowers

-Cartoon characters

-Cutout designs-Plain with little sel design

Most o the soap dishes without a tray

have an elaborate cutout design and the

ones with a cover generally have some

cartoon or fower graphics on it.

Colour pallettes

These are some o the most commonly seen colour palletes in the market:

The shades o the colours were solid, translucent and transparent


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Retail

Soap dishes are generally kept mixed

together in a box/container; be it

anywhere.

In big bazaar, a big departmental store,

there was a larger variety o soap dishesand had wide range in terms o cost, but

the soap dishes were kept on a two or

three shelves in di erent trays, all mixed

up irrespective o the cost

In medium sized shops, the soap dishes

are also kept in one tray mixed with one

another.

In some places, they are neatly stacked

on on top o the other, but this happens

only in big shops with an attendant who

neatly stacks them a ter showing them

On the roadside, the soap dishes are kept

mixed with not only only toothbrush

stands, but also other household items

like combs, mirrors etc. Here, generally, all

items are put on display: items are stacked

one above the other i possible, and put

or display on a small cart. otherwise , a

ew are put on display, and the rest are

dumped in a bag with other item.


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Features o a soapdish

Material o a soap dish:

Plastic: Polyethylene, Polypropylene,

High density polypropylene

Metal: stainless steel, aluminium

Ceramic

Average wall thickness:2-4mm

M g process: injection moulding


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User StudyUser survey:

-Average bathroom size small.

-In most cases, there is hardly any place

on the sink; just enough to keep a soap

dish or toothbrush stand.-Most commonly used soap: Lux

-Generally, the soap dish is kept on

the sink, and in many cases on a shel

with other items like toothbrush and

toothpaste.

-On an average, there are 2 soaps per

bathroom, one or washing hands which

is kept on/next to sink and one or bathing

generally kept in the wash area.

-The soap kept in the bath area is generally

kept on a wall mounted soap dish so the

water fow washes away the water that

drains rom the soap dish.

-In many cases with no wall mounted

soap dish, the soap dish is kept on the

window sill.

-Window sill width: 70-90mm

-Soap gets soggy due to the water that

remains, so the the soap dissolves and

gets wasted.

-Soap gets spoilt with the cutout design

on the soap dish.

-Soap dishes that have a cutout outlet

or water spoil the surroundings, hence

adding to the task o cleaning the

surrounding-Upper middle class generally have

soaps in soap dishes but generally use

handwash and bodywash or bathing.

-Cleaning o soap dish generally

neglected as :

1. There are other more important chores

to be done at home

2. Soap dishes with trays do not get

cleaned as the water in the dish is not

visible.

3. It is an e ort to open the tray and clean

speci cally.

-The person to buy the soap dish is

generally the housewi e.


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User profle

To understand the likes and dislikes o the

users, we studied their likes and dislikes

to give a clue to their personality.

Case study 1Mrs Sneha Rao is a bank employee

working or ICICI bank and is in her mid

thirtys . She has two children, and has

very little time to wake them up and

make them get ready in the morning. she

hurries them or a bath and soon ollows

them and drops them to school while

going to work.

She has a servant coming to cook ood

or her children when they reach home

a ter school who also cleans her house.

she never takes any interest in cleaning,

so the soap dishes and other bathroom

items hardly get looked at. When Mrs Rao

comes back, she is very tired and hardly

looks into the household chores. cleaning

the soap dish is the last thing on her mind

and since it has a tray in which the dirty

water gets collected, it is not seen so

neither she nor the servant come to know

it has to be drained. by then,, cleaning it

becomes a messy a air since the dirty

water is stuck to the dish and it leaves a

mark.

Case Study 2

Mrs Geeta Bhatia is a housewi e in her late

orties and takes great e orts to keep her

house clean and neat. With the children

gone away to college, they o ten haveriends over to their house where they

play hour long games o cards.

She is very particular when it comes

to cleanliness, so she cleans her house

hersel ; even a ter the servant leaves,

in case there is any work that isnt done

properly. She loves her house to look

good and in order and takes a great e ort

to decorate it.

She likes to buy attractive looking

products and likes to show it o to her

guests, which is why she keeps changing

her bathroom accessories like soap dishes,

towels, mugs and getting something

new.


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Task Analysis

Some observations o the tasks involved

with the soap dish are :

-Turning on tap

The tap is turned on and the users handsare generally dirty.

-Wetting hands

The user wets his hands to and rinses

them with water.

-Removing and applying soap

hands are wet and soap is removed rom

the soap dish, soap is thoroughly applied

onto the hands.

-Replacing soap

The soap is then replaced and the hands

are still soapy, due to which water drips

rom the hand onto the soap dish which

would also have some sort o dirt/ ood

particles. The soap that sits on the soap

dish is still wet and the soapy water drips

into the dish where it :

a) Drips into the collecting tray below

b) Stays in the soap dish keeping the soap

soggy or a long time

c) Drips out onto the sink top

-Washing hands

-Drying hands

-Cleaning in the uture

a) The collecting tray has to be removedand then cleaned and a semi dry fuid

remains which leaves a mark. Cleaning is

not done o ten since

(i) It remains hidden so the water collected

is not seen.

(ii) Users dont speci cally like to take the

trouble and open it.

b) The soapy water has to be drained

c) The sink top has to be cleaned since the

soap that drips out leaves an oily mark on

it.

-Changing soap

More o ten than not, the soap has to be

changed earlier since the soapy water

that stays in the soap dish keeps the soap

soggy hence dissolving the soap into a

paste.


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Environment analysis

Objects in the environment:

On the sink top:

Soap dish

Toothbrush stand

ToothpasteHand wash

Around the sink:

On shel /cupboard:

Tooth paste

Shampoos

Facewash

Razors

shaving cream

On the wall:

Hand Towel

It must be kept in mind that the soap dish

should not be intrusive to the objects in

the surrounding environment. It must

merge with all objects in the surrounding

and be proportional with all items next toit.


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Soapy water stays in and makes the soap

soggy, damaging it

Cover lid the soap soggy, damaging it.

Cover invariably gets lost.

Soaps get stuck

Closed/small stand height traps water/

oam on the sink sur ace making it dirty

Soapy water drips onto the ground

leaving an oil mark over time

Cutout design cuts into the soap

damaging it.

Problem areas

Primary problems

Secondary problems

A ter extensive research, User surveys,

the ollowing problem areas were ound

in most o the soap dishes.

Here, the problem areas have been

divided into primary and secondary,where the primary problem is the main

problem with the soap dish, i.e damage

o soap due to moisture. The secondary

problems are the problems still aced by

user in spite o e orts made to do away

with the primary problem.

eg: A cutout in a soap dish is provided to

keep the soap dry, but it creates another

problem o the environment , i.e the

sink getting dirty due to the soap water

getting drained. The soap water o ten

dries up and leaves an oily mark on the

sink top.


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Redefned brie Target Group:

Ages 5-85

Middle class, upper middle class

Housewives buying soap dishes or the

amily members

Price Range:

Rs 10-20

Basic structure:

-Injection moulded soap dish

Problem solving eatures:

-Reduce the damage o the soap

-Easy to clean

-Maintain the cleanliness o the

surroundings

Form language

-Simple orm without textures to avoid

dirt/ soap accumulation

-Should look good on the sink


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No.5

This has a tray that collects water and the

tray can be tted onto the base and used

as a cover while travelling.

Tray used as a cover

Concept Development Functional Solutions These are the solutions got rom the

problem areas, and keeping the design

brie in mind

No.1A double moulded plastic soap dish:

the base/stand being hard plastic, on

which the water is collected.

The top bristles made o so t plastic,

such that the soap sits on it with less

area in contact with the soap and causes

minimum damage to the soap.

The water drips rom the soap and alls

through the bristles on the base.

No:2

A dish in which there is minimum area o

contact due to the crests and the water

collects in the troughs keeping the soap

undamaged and the surroundings clean. The water can be thrown later on by

inverting the soap dish.

No.4

A tray in which the soap water collects

which can be easily pulled or slid out and

emptied.soap

bristles

base

soap

base

tray

water

soap

base

tray

water

soap

base

water


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Formal Solutions


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Selected Concepts

Inspired rom a star sh, this soap dish

works on the principle o the soapy

water getting stored between the ridges;

and the soap resting on the ridges so as

to eliminate contact o water with thesoap and keep the surroundings clean.

Cleaning is easy and is done by inverting

the soap dish, by which the water will

drain out easily due to the smooth organic

sur ace.

ridges water collected

Side section


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No.2

Inspired rom a wave o water, this soap

dish works also works on the principle o

the soapy water getting stored between

the ridges and the soap resting on the

ridges so as to eliminate contact o waterwith the soap and keep the surroundings

clean. Cleaning is easy and is done by

inverting the soap dish, by which the

water will drain out easily due to the

smooth sur ace.

Highest point water collected

Edge variation


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A slight variation o the previous orm,

working on the same principle.


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.

Soap dish with a 100g soap

Concept RefnementA client meet was arranged to get an

idea o what exactly the client wanted. A

ew orms were urther re ned to t the

clients need.

Concept 1

Although the soap dish held the soap,

it gave a visual appearance o the soap

having a tenancy to slip.

To deal with this issue, the centre was

lowered and the edges were made higher,

giving it a eel o remaining inside.

Also, the arch on all the sides was reduced

to the ends remain higher so as to give it

a look that the water will sa ely be able to

collect inside.

A rim was added to the soap dish to give

it a more complete look, and also could

be used as a place or branding.


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No.2

This soap dish was made more deeper

so as to visually look as though it would

collect water and the soap would remain

inside without alling out. The thickness

was increased and the edges were alsostyled, giving the orm a s tronger look.

Colour options:



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No:3

Again , to add a visual sense o grip on

the soap, the soap dish was made deeper

and a rim was added on which branding

could be done

Colour options:



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Engineering drawing:

131

18

98

all measurements in mm


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Some rectangular/Square orms:

Plastic bowls Design brie : To design visually appealing double

moulded plastic bowls in various

sizes which are also to be displayed in

Germany.

ResearchMarket studyPlastic bowls are available in the market

in various sizes rom small side-dip sized

bowls to big serving bowls.

The bowls seen in the market come

generally in the ollowing sizes:

1)side sauce dip sized:50 ml

2regular vaati or katori sized150ml

3)big katori sized: slightly bigger that the

regular katori sized:200ml

4)small ice cream bowl sized: 250-300 ml

5)one persons helping o chips sized

serving sized: 350-400ml

6)Snacks serving s ized:400-550ml

6) ood serving sized :600ml+

Since plastic bowls have the samepurpose as ceramic/ porcalien bowls, a

market study was done on the di erent

orms available in the market. Designer

bowls and centre pieces were also looked

at.

Places visited: Hometown, Big bazaar,

@home, Raj crockery, tulsi-buag,

Maharashtra cheap store and the all the

orms available were looked at.

A whole wide range o shops were

looked at: rom the roadside vendors to

big established departmental stores.

Various orms rom companies big Global

companies like Corelle, Dansk, Wedge

wood were also looked at to get an idea

o orms available.

Forms seen rom the market can be

categorised into 3 broad categories:

1)Round orms

2)square orms

3)Triangular orms

4)Organic orms

Some Round/oval orms:


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Organic/Random shapes bowls

Triangular bowls

RetailPlastic Bowls are generally stacked up

and lined in rows in all places; rom small

roadside shops to big departmental

stores. In small shops the bowls get lost

with the other products due to the lack o

space. But in bigger shops, they are neatly

stacked and placed on shelves.

Porcelain items are not stacked but placed

individually on the shel . This is due the

risk o breakage. Enough light generally

alls on it so it can be seen clearly. In some

places, the glass/porelain is kept in the

boxes itsel .


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User studyFood Habits

India is a diverse country and so are

peoples ood habits. The Indian cuisine is

o many kinds:

Kashmiri, Punjabi, Bengali, Maharashtrian,

Goan, Gujrathi, Rajasthani, Hydrabadi,

South Indian. Curries, chutneys, savouries,

rice, and sweets are common in all

cuisines.

User Survey

-People generally have both porcelain

and plastic bowls and plates at home.

- Food stu kept/ served in bowls are:

curries, chutnies, soups, dals, curd,

savouries like sev, arsaan, chips; sweet

dishes like ice creams, gulaab jamuns,

kheer.

-Porcelain crockery is generally used

when guests arrive home, or or a special

occasion.

-Porelain bowls are not given to small

children, even guests as there is a risk o

them breaking and injuring the person.

-Dal is generally taken in a steel vaati or

container.

-Melamine bowls get stained and crack

over a period o time since they are

brittle.


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Chosen concepts

Concepts Formal solutionsInitial Doodles


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Selected concepts3D modelsConcept 1


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Concept 2


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Concept 3


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Concept 4


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Concept 5


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Concept 6


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Concept 7


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Concept 8


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Concept 9


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Casseroles Design Brie : To design a casserole with a continuous

handle and use minimum amount o PU

oam or insulation.

Research Types o casseroles:

Function Material Example

Cook ood stainless steel

porcelain

store Food plastic

stainless steel

porcelain

glass

wood

Serve Food plastic

stainless steel

porcelain

glass

wood

Keep Food Warm plastic


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Construction o casseroles :

Cross-Section:

A.

Ring

PU oam

Outer plastic body

Inner steel container

B.

PU oam

Outer plastic body

Inner steel container

Base

The type o casserole is manu actured in

Nayasa is shown in gure A

There are 4 parts which are injection

moulded and then assembled later on

which orm the casserole:

1. The outer Body

2. The ring which covers is tted on top

between the the main body and inner

container.

3. The lid, which is also manu actured in 2

parts and then assembled later.

Polyurethene (PU) oam an insulating

material is then injected a ter the ring is

tted onto the casserole and the space

between the outer body and metal

container is packed. The same is injected

in the lid, packing it with PU oam.

Lid

Ring

Body

Materials

Polypropylene(PP)

Casseroles are generally made o

Polypropylene( PP) because:

1.Lightweight

2.Can be injection moulded

3.resistant to heat

4.Transluceny is possible

5.Durable and doesnt break easily

Insulation

PU oam is used or insulation because

o its excellent insulating properties.

Other thermal technologies available like

Vacuum insulation, but arent used due to

these technologies are costly.

Stainless Steel container

A stainless steel container is used inside

because o the ollowing reasons:

-Easy to clean

-Does not get spoilt easily (rust)

-Long li e

-Stains dont stay

Lid

Lid

Container

Container


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Market studyStudy and comparison o the segments o

casseroles in the market

Volume: 2500ml

Here we see that Nayasa is in the premium

segment and its competitors are big

brands alike Milton, Cello and Prince.

Nayasa

Milton

Cello

Prince

Jayco

Chefine

Asian

Bluplast

Jet

Sudha

Shanti

0 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 475 500

L o c a

l B r a n

d s

M e

d i m

B r a n

d s

B i g B r a n

d s

Price (in Rupees)


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Cello Milton Target segment

can be bought by many people.

Competition study

Market study o Cello and Milton

Its is clearly visible how Milton and cello

have a wide target group in terms o

price, and cater to a wide spectrum, their

basic models being at a lower cost so it

3000

2750

2500

2250

2000

1750

1500

1250

200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575

Price

V o l u m e

( m l )


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Feature Solution Provided Example

Cover Keep ood warm

Protect it rom the surroundings

Insulation Keep ood warm

Top handle Grip or opening lid

Side handle Grip or portability/opening

Lock Ensure ood doesnt spill

Provides portability

Inner container Easy to clean

Removable container Easy to serve/ ll in ood

Inner Grill Prevents chappattis rom getting soggy

Slot Put in serving spoon


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Graphics observed :

Graphics observed are generally that o

fowers , ruits, a scenery or some abstractgraphics. Some casseroles were even

without any graphics, but those had a

sel design in the structure itsel and used

di erent colours or di erent parts.

Eg: the top handle is o a di erent colour,

Packaging


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Market Survey

-Milton and Cello are the big brands.

There is a lot o brand loyalty towards

these companies.

-Casseroles are bought by customers as

an item to gi t. Very ew people come and

buy a casserole to use it themselves

-Casseroles as sold as individual pieces

and as gi t sets. Gi t sets come in 3-4

pieces a box, but single pieces get sold

more.

-Most casseroles sold are insulated plastic

casseroles. The others are microwavable

glass/porcelain casseroles, steel casseroles

and wooden casseroles.

-The plastic insulated casseroles are usedor storing ood, steel casseroles can be

used or cooking and the glass casseroles

are generally used or serving.

-Insulated casseroles have the outer

wall as Polypropylene and inner wall

(container) as stainless steel or PP.

-Casseroles that are seen are generally

round. Some are squarish and elliptical,

but they are ew since PU oam generally

gets wasted with non-circular shapes .This

is due to the increase in space between

the inner container and outer wall since

the inner container is always round..

-1000-1500ml casseroles get sold the

most.


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Retail

There are mainly 3 ways casseroles are

displayed:

1.Stacked on shelves one on top o

another. The lids are generally inverted

and so the casseroles can sit on top

o each other. The top most casserole

has the lid on correctly. This is seen in

airly big shops like Maharashtra cheap

store on M.G Road where all items they

have are displayed on shelves. Here, any

customer who comes in the area can see

the casseroles displayed.

2. In smaller shops, the casseroles are put

in cabinets behind the counter, and are

not seen clearly, or not seen at all. In many

places, They are stored in the packaging

boxes itsel , so the casserole is not seen

at all. Casseroles are shown only when

asked by the customer as the shop ownerhas to speci cally remove them to show

it.

3. In big departmental stores like Big

Bazaar, and Supermarkets like Spencers,

the casseroles are kept in the box. The

Boxes are stacked one on top o the other

and and displayed on shelves. All boxesthat are there are displayed on the shelves.

Casseroles o the same companies and

sizes are grouped together. Here, since

the product is not seen, the packaging

and the picture o the casserole on the

box is important.


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User StudyUser Survey

-Casseroles are generally a gi ted item.

Most o the users havent bought the

casseroles they are using or themselves.

-Casseroles are generally used to keep

chappatis. Apart rom chappattis, they

are used to also store vegetable dishes

and curd.

-Casseroles that are used everyday are

not used on occasions. This is because

the casseroles that are used daily get

scratched and dirty.

-Since most casseroles that are used are

to store chappatis, they are used and

washed daily.-Casseroles are stored in cabinets and

shelves when not in use.

-When chappatis are stored, they are

o ten lined with a towel or a tissue to

absorb moisture.

-The graphics on the casseroles o ten get

eroded over time and looks dirty.

-Apart rom household use, casseroles

are used to send ood to neighbours, orpicnics and in pot luck parties.

-Volumes o 1000-1500ml are generally

used as they are smaller and space

occupied is less. Besides, the ood stored

in these are generally enough or a amily

o 3-4.


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User Profle

To get an idea o how the users are, some

case studies were done:

Case Study 1:

Mrs Pooja Shah is a housewi e and has

a husband who leaves or o ce at 8.30

in the morning and a son who leaves

or school at 8.30. Since she makes her

husbands lunch ti n in the morning, she

cooks the lunch or hersel and her son

in the morning itsel . A ter her son and

husband leave, she goes or a cooking

class where she learns new recipes to

try. Lunch is generally chappattis, a

vegetable, Rice and dal. She stores herchappattis in a casserole, and many times

the vegetable and dal is also stored in

it. Her son comes home at 1.30, and she

serves out the ood in the casserole itsel .

She nds it convenient to use a casserole

as it becomes a good serving dish. The

le t over items are kept in the casserole

itsel and are nished in the evening with

dinner.

Case study 2

Mrs Indira Kapadia is a 62 year old

housewi e. Her husband has retired and

they now lead a relaxed li e. The servant

comes in the morning and prepares the

lunch and in the morning itsel as she has

to go to other houses or work a ter theirs.

She keeps the chappattis in the casserole

which was one o the items gi ted to her

by her children on her 60th birthday.

She likes using the casserole as it was a

gi t rom her children who are out o the

country, as it holds a lot o sentimental

value. She takes great care to see that the

casserole is being handled care ully byher servant and not damaged. When not

in use, it is generally drying since it is used

everyday.


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Task analysis

Task involved:

Cooking:

Cooking o the ood

Storing:

The cooked ood is immediately put

in the casserole. Casseroles with steel

containers are pre erred here because

when dal/vegetable dishes are put, the

temperature is very hot and people have

a mind set that steel wont get damaged.

The ood is stored or a ew hours or is

immediately served.

Serving:Food is generally served rom the

casserole itsel . on the dining table. The

casserole serves as a storing and serving

dish. I some items are le t over, the ood is

either trans erred rom the casserole to a

smaller dish and the casserole is washed,

or the casserole is kept aside with the

ood in it.

Cleaning

A ter use, the casserole is washed with

water and soap. Some people insist on

using a sponge and liquid soap or the

expensive casseroles since they believe

Scotch-brite and utensil soap bars cause

scratches on the PP.

Drying

They are dried with other utensils on a

drying rack and are inverted so water

drains out.

Storing

A ter drying, casseroles are stored in

shelves or cabinets. They are kept with

other serving dishes one inside the

other..


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En vironment Analysis

Objects in the surroundings change

according the tasks involved with the

casserole. They are:

Storing

Other Utensils like serving vessels,

big steel Bowls. When storing ood it

could be anywhere, so items are in the

surroundings could be kitchen counter

top items like gas stove, cooking utensils,

spoons etc. The casserole shouldnt be

too big and occupy space.

Serving

While serving on the table, other itemslike spoons, plates , serving dishes are on

the table. The casserole should not only

occupy less space to accommodate the

other items, but also look like a part o the

dinnerware.

Cleaning and drying

Again, other utensils are present while

cleaning and drying the casserole.Minimum space should be occupied so

as to accommodate the other items like

utensils, cutlery and glasses that are also

present.


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Problem areas:

-Moisture gets collected when closed

-Dirt gets accumulated on the rim

- Side and top handle breaks.

-Light colours get dirty ast. I oods

containing Tumeric is stored, the colours

stain the PP.


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Existing

Proposed

ConceptsFunctional solutions:

-Addition o a plastic/metal grill stand

which is removable. The moisture will drip

into container and the ood/chappatis

will not get soggy.

Inner container

Water dropletsGrill

-The top handle should be integrated

with the body to prevent breakage

All corners should be smoothened out

and lleted to prevent accumulation o

dirt. Corners are circled in the illustration

below.

Inner container

Ring and handle

problem areas


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Formal solutions:

Explored orms


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Concept 3D models

Concept 1 (Selected concept)


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Handle details


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Locking Mechanism


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Exploded view

Lid

Ring

Steel container

Outer boby


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266178.417.8

69

29

20 131

22

24

11 15

All measurements in mm

Engineering drawing


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Concept 2


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Concept 3


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Concept 4


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Technical

Processes

Plastic products are manu actured by a

ew main processes:

Blow moulding

Compression mouldingExtrusion

Injection moulding

Extrusion

Thermo orming

Using the correct material is o utmost

importance. This is a major actor or

deciding the cost o a product. Di erent

materials are used depending on theintended usage which are: Good material

selection requires care ul consideration

o application requirements in terms o

mechanical, thermal, environmental,

chemical, electrical and optical properties.

The use o material; i.e the volume o

material and kind o material is one o

the actors deciding the cost o a product.

The thickness o the product should bethe least required or it to be strong, as

unnecessary use will be waste ul as it not

only will bring up the cost o the product,

but also increase its weight. The plastic

industry is a highly competitive industry,

where companies compete in terms o

paisas and grams in terms o cost and

weight.

The sustainability o a product is is o

equal importance as we need to reduceits impact on the environment as much

as possible. For that, we must make sure

the materials is not toxic and is recyclable.

It shouldnt be toxic because it comes in

contact with us and it shouldnt cause

health problems. Recycling is important

as environmental resources are limited

and are quite sensitive to everything that

we do. We are starting to experience thee ects o the actions o generations that

came be ore us. When new products are

manu actured rom virgin materials, the

amount o energy consumed is much

higher. Recycling not only saves energy,

but also the reduces the total amount

o greenhouse gases produced while

manu acturing, as when the energy used

is less, greenhouse gases produced arealso less. Besides, it reduces the amount

o non biodegradable plastic that goes

into land lls; thus saving space. It also

saves natural resources. In addition to

all o this, it saves economic resources as

energy and raw material used is less.

-The thickness o the product should be

the least required or it to be strong, to

avoid the unnecessary increase in cost

and weight o the product.-Materials used should have minimum

impact on the environment.

-The material selection should be done

depending on the properties o each

material and on the intended use given

on the next page:

ConclusionGuidelines


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Material Description Properties Applications Recycled products

Polyethylene Terephthalate

(PET, PETE). PET is clear,

tough, and has good gas and

moisture barrier properties. This resin is commonly used

in beverage bottles and many

injection-molded consumer

product containers. Cleaned,

recycled PET fakes and

pellets are in great demand

or spinning ber or carpet

yarns, producing ber ll

and geo-textiles. Nickname:Polyester.

-Clear and optically smooth

sur aces or oriented lms

and bottles

-Excellent barrier tooxygen, water, and carbon

dioxide

-High impact capability

and shatter resistance

-Excellent resistance to

most solvents

-Capability or hot- lling

Plastic bottles or so t drinks,

water, juice, sports drinks,

beer, mouthwash, catsup and

salad dressing.Food jars or peanut butter,

jelly, jam and pickles. and

microwavable ood trays.

In addition to packaging,

PETs major uses are

textiles, mono lament,

carpet, strapping, lms, and

engineering moldings.

Fiber or carpet,

feece jackets,

com orter ll, and

tote bags.Containers or ood,

beverages (bottles),

and non- ood items.

Film and sheet.

Strapping.

High Density Polyethylene

(HDPE). HDPE is used to

make many types o bottles.

Unpigmented bottles are

translucent, have good barrier

properties and sti ness, and

are well suited to packagingproducts with a short shel li e

such as milk.


most solvents

-Higher tensile strength

compared to other orms

o polyethylene

-Relatively sti material

with use ul temperaturecapabilities

Bottles or milk, water, juice,

cosmetics, shampoo, dish

and laundry detergents, and

household cleaners.

Bags or groceries and

retail purchases.Cereal box

liners. Reusable shippingcontainers.

Bottles or non-

ood items, such

as shampoo,

conditioner, liquid

laundry detergent,

household cleaners,

motor oil andanti reeze. Plastic

lumber or outdoor

decking, encing and

picnic tables.


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material description properties applications recycled products

Because HDPE has good

chemical resistance, it is used

or packaging many household

and industrial chemicals suchas detergents and bleach.

Pigmented HDPE bottles have

better stress crack resistance

than unpigmented HDPE.


HDPEs major uses are

in injection molding

applications, extruded pipeand conduit, plastic wood

composites, and wire and

cable covering.

Pipe, foor tiles,

buckets, crates,

fower pots, garden

edging, lm andsheet, and recycling

bins.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC,

Vinyl).

In addition to its stable

physical properties, PVC has

good chemical resistance,weatherability, fow

characteristics and stable

electrical properties. The

diverse slate o vinyl products

can be broadly divided into

rigid and fexible materials.

-High impact strength,

brilliant clarity, excellent

processing per ormance

-Resistance to grease, oil

and chemicals

Rigid packaging applications

include blister packs and

clamshells.

Flexible packaging uses

include bags or beddingand medical, shrink wrap, deli

and meet wrap and tamper

resistance. In addition to

packaging, PVCs major uses

are rigid applications such as

pipe, siding, window rames,

encing, decking and railing.

Flexible applications include

medical products such asblood bags and medical

tubing, wire and cable

insulation, carpet backing,

and fooring.

Pipe, decking,

encing, panelling,

gutters, carpet

backing, foor tiles

and mats, resilientfooring, mud faps,

cassette trays,

electrical boxes,

cables, tra c cones,

garden hose, and

mobile home

skirting.

Packaging, lm and

sheet, and loose-lea binders.


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Low Density Polyethylene

(LDPE).

LDPE is used predominately

in lm applications due toits toughness, fexibility

and relative transparency,

making it popular or use

in applications where heat

sealing is necessary. LDPE

also is used to manu acture

some fexible lids and bottles

as well as in wire and cable

applications.Includes Linear Low Density

Polyethylene (LLDPE).


acids, bases and vegetable

oils

-Toughness, fexibility andrelative transparency (good

combination o properties

or packaging applications

requiring heat-sealing)

bread, rozen oods, resh

produce, and household

garbage. Shrink wrap and

stretch lm. Coatings or papermilk cartons and hot and cold

beverage cups. Container lids.

Toys, Squeezable bottles (e.g.,

honey and mustard).


LDPEs major uses are

in injection molding

applications, adhesives and

sealants, and wire and cablecoverings.

Shipping envelopes,

garbage can liners,

foor tile, paneling,

urniture, lm andsheet, compost bins,

trash cans, landscape

timber, and outdoor

lumber.

Polypropylene (PP).

PP has good chemical

resistance, is strong, and has

a high melting point making

it good or hot- ll liquids.

This resin is ound in fexible

and rigid packaging, bers,and large molded parts or

automotive and consumer

products.

-Excellent optical clarity

in biaxially oriented lms

and stretch blow molded

containers

-Low moisture vapor

transmission

-Inertness toward acids,alkalis and most solvents

takeout meals, and deli

oods.

Medicine bottles.

Bottle caps and closures.

Bottles or catsup and syrup.


PPs major uses are in bers,appliances and consumer

products, including durable

applications such as

automotive and carpeting.


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material description properties applications recycled products

Polystyrene (PS).

PS is a versatile plastic that

can be rigid or oamed.

General purpose polystyreneis clear, hard and brittle. It has

a relatively low melting point.

Typical applications include

protective packaging, ood

service packaging, bottles,

and ood containers.

PS is o ten combined with

rubber to make high impact

polystyrene (HIPS) whichis used or packaging and

durable applications requiring

toughness, but not clarity.

-Excellent moisture barrier

or short shel li e products

-Excellent optical clarity in

general purpose orm-Signi cant sti ness in

both oamed and rigid

orms.

-Low density and high

sti ness in oamed

applications

-Low thermal conductivity

and excellent insulation

properties in oamed orm

Food service items, such as

cups, plates, bowls, cutlery,

hinged takeout containers

(clamshells), meat andpoultry trays, and rigid ood

containers (e.g., yogurt).

These items may be made

with oamed or non- oamed

PS. Protective oam packaging

or urniture, electronics and

other delicate items. Packing

peanuts, known as loose

ll. Compact disc cases andaspirin bottles. In addition

to packaging, PSs major

uses are in agricultural trays,

electronic housings, cable

spools, building insulation,

video cassette cartridges,

coat hangers, and medical

products and toys.

Thermal insulation,

thermometers, light

switch plates, vents,

desk trays, rulers,and license plate

rames, Cameras

or video cassette

casings. oamed ood

service applications,

such as egg shell

c a r t o n s . P l a s t i c

mouldings (i.e.,

wood replacementproduct .Expandable

polystyrene (EPS)

oam protective

packaging.

Use o this code indicates that

a package is made with a resin

other than the six listed above,

or is made o more than one

resin and used in a multi-layer

combination.

Dependent on resin or

combination o resins

Three- and ve-gallon

reusable water bottles,

some citrus juice and catsup

bottles. Oven-baking bags,

barrier layers, and custom

packaging.

Bottles and plastic

lumber applications.


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Polystyrene (PS).

PS is a versatile plastic that

can be rigid or oamed.

General purpose polystyreneis clear, hard and brittle. It has

a relatively low melting point.

Typical applications include

protective packaging, ood

service packaging, bottles,

and ood containers.

PS is o ten combined with

rubber to make high impact

polystyrene (HIPS) whichis used or packaging and

durable applications requiring

toughness, but not clarity.

Excellent moisture barrier

or short shel li e products

Excellent optical clarity ingeneral purpose orm

Signi cant sti ness in both

oamed and rigid orms.

Low density and high

sti ness in oamed

applications

Low thermal conductivity

and excellent insulation

properties in oamed orm

Food service items, such as

cups, plates, bowls, cutlery,

hinged takeout containers

(clamshells), meat andpoultry trays, and rigid ood

containers (e.g., yogurt).

These items may be made

with oamed or non- oamed

PS.

Protective oam packaging

or urniture, electronics and

other delicate items.

Packing peanuts, known asloose ll.

Compact disc cases and

aspirin bottles.

In addition to packaging, PSs

major uses are in agricultural

trays, electronic housings,

cable spools, building

insulation, video cassette

cartridges, coat hangers, and

medical products and toys.

Thermal insulation,

thermometers, light

switch plates, vents,

desk trays, rulers,and license plate

rames.

Cameras or video

cassette casings.

Foamed ood service

applications, such as

egg shell cartons.

Plastic mouldings

(i.e., woodr e p l a c e m e n t

products).

E x p a n d a b l e

polystyrene (EPS)

oam protective

packaging.


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Use

When it comes to use, there are various

eatures which are essentials, and some

that add value to products.

For example, in childrens pencil boxes,

games like ball mazes are put on the lid toattract children into buying the product.

Penclil Box with a Game

Another example is a ridge bottle. One

kind available is a ridge bottle with a

metal cap; but is actually a metal cover

on a plastic cap. What is observed is

that people are ready to pay more only

because o the inclusion o the metal cap.

This could be because o :

1. People think the cap is made o metal,

hence more durable

2. Only because it looks good.

Fridge Bottle with Metal Cap

Another example are nestable storage

containers, in which the containers are

per ectly nestable, including the covers.

The containers sit into one and another,

and the lids also t into one another. This

saves space or both consumers in theirhouses, and retailers where they keep it

on display.

Nestable Lids

-Use o materials like metal, rubber oreven wood on plastics add value and

make them look premium.

-Double moulded plastic products allow

the use o more than one colour one

process.

Double Moulded Lid

-Added unctions to a product (eg:

toothbrush holder with a soap dish) are a

USP as the consumers space and money

gets saved.


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Graphics

Graphics on plastics are either:

a) Printed

b) Sel designs in the mild

The printing is done in many ways:1.Screen printed

Screen printing is a wet process where ink

is squeezed through a ne mesh material

onto the part to be decorated.

2.Heat trans er:

Heat trans erring is a dry printing process

like hot stamping where a preprinted

graphic image is trapped between a

heated plate and the part. Heat and

pressure is applied to the part and thegraphic is then permanently bonded to

the part.

3. Foil stamping, is the application o

pigment or metallic oil, o ten gold or

silver , but can also be various patterns

or what is known as pastel oil which is a

fat opaque colour or white special lm-

backed material, to paper where a heated

die is stamped onto the oil, making it

adhere to the sur ace leaving the design

o the die on the paper. Foil stamping can

be combined with embossing to create

a more striking 3D image. This is very

similar to heat trans er printing.

4.A sticker with the graphics printed on it

is stuck on products.

5. Lenticular printingLenticular printing is a process or

combination o two or more images

viewed by a specialized lens material to

create the illusion o animation or three

dimensions.

Graphics generally seen are fowers; more

o the realistic fowers (generally a daisy)

with text written at the side. this seemsto be a trend in Food Containers, Fridge

bottles, ti ns and bathroom accessories

like buckets, stools, soap cases etc. Apart

rom fowers, orms o like strawberry,

cherry are also seem . Re reshing graphics

o natural things like fowers and ruits are

generally used on objects, ood storage

items in speci c to build the mindset that

items will stay resh. Abstract designs like

circles, ovals are also seen. Square graphics

with sharp corners are hardly seen. Animal

orms are never used. However, cartoon

characters like Disney and looney tunes

character are acceptable.


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Abstract graphics

b) Many products, have graphics

incorporated in the design itsel ., and

printing graphics may not be necessary

and thus the cost o production will get

reduced. Items like Baskets, Soap dishes,

Toothbrush stands, dustbins, crates and

organisers Fridge bottles and buckets

are seen with several textures eg: rosted

designs, in various shapes resembling

ruit orms or abstract orms.

-Use o fowers or other natural graphics

which convey reshness. Although realistic

graphics are used, graphical illustrations

can also be used which are bold and solid

as gradients dont come very well in lower

end plastic products.

Flower graphics

Flowers with text beside it

Proposed

-Screen printing should be avoided,

although it is the cheapest as it isnt

durable. It gets erased with a mild

scratch.

-Heat trans er method is more expensive,

but is more durable and stays or longertime.


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-Animal orms should not be used,

especially on ood containers as it plays

on the mindset on the population, being

predominantly vegetarian. However,

animals in cartoons is completely

acceptable.

-Sel designs or cutout designs in products

should be used as it saves on printing

costs

F


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Form

Although household plastic products

may seem like small items individually,

they constitute a huge part o our home.

The proportions o a product helps he

consumer to identi y the product. Forexample, a bucket always has the same

proportions maintained and in the rst

glance, a consumer identi es it as a

bucket because o its cylindrical orm with

a wider mouth and a narrow base. The

proportions are maintained considering

many actors: ergonomic actors like the

height o the bucket, distance rom the

body, length o the handle, grip o thehandle and also psychological actors

like the visual volume o the bucket .

-Forms that work:

-Circular and ovular orms are the most

prevalent cause o their simplicity

and visual appeal. They appear more

voluminous and dont have any edges.

They are generally used in all household

plastic products; eg: in ridge bottles

because it is easier to hold, ood

containers because the volume looks

more, casseroles because the volume

looks more and the inner container is

circular and material wasted is less.

-Square and rectangular orms are

also very common, but their edges are

rounded o as sharp edges arent desired

as they dont look visually appealing. This

is because rounder orms look sa er , as it

is the human the psychology that sharpcorners may hurt people; so that way it

even hurts our eyes visually.

M k d b i h lik F h d k I i ibl ld di d i


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-Many tweaked orms o basic shapes like

circle and triangle, square are also used

and cross orms o square-circle, triangle-

circle are seen.

They are rounded, and more organic

which add value to the product as theyare o ten perceived as designer products

and owners take great pride in owning

and displaying them.

-Forms that do not work

Forms that have complex sur aces and

shape and have sharp edges generally

dont work. This is because complex orms

are generally di cult to clean and o ten

look over designed and ugly. Something

that is over designed, may not necessarilygo with the surroundings as the consumer

could be rom any socioeconomic strata,

there ore versatility is needed.

Lastly, the orm on the whole should make

some meaning. It should be easy or the

consumer to relate it to a shape and recall

it later on. There ore, completely abstract

orms do not work.

-It is possible to mould di erent designs

in the orm itsel or styling, which is very

commonly used in ridge bottles. A sel

design Instead o graphics, sel designs in

the orm itsel are better, as graphics will

ade in time.

For the same reason, its better that the

name o the brand is incorporated in the

orm itsel .

P i


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-Proportion

Proportion o a product must be

maintained so it is easy or the consumer

to choleraic what the product is. Also, the

overall proportion o a object must be such

that it goes with its surroundings, i.e it

must be in harmony with the surroundingsand mustnt disrupt anything around it.

For example the proportions o a ridge

bottle are as illustrated below:

When a consumer looks at the orm he/

she can immediately identi y it as a

bottle.

The proportions o the bottle arent in in

any other way like the ones illustrated on

top because: this way because:

1. Although the volume is the same,

the base is wider and will waste a lot o space in the bottle space provided in the

ridge door, and will not go into the bottle

compartment provided in backpacks.

Also, insulating covers de nitely will not

t into it.

2.Besides, that, it wont be com ortable

to hold.

3.Also the act that they look nothing like

ridge bottles and will leave the consumercon used.

-Cutout designs are an additional saving

on material used. eg: toothbrush stands,

ruit baskets.

-Inclusion o ribs, in the orm not only

adds to the aesthetic appeal, but also

strenghtens the structure. eg: ridge

bottles

-Uni orm wall thickness should be is

maintained, as this keeps de ormations

like sink marks, voids and warpage to a

minimum.

-Sharp corners should not be included

as it increases the likeliness o dirt

accumulation.

C l


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Colour

Plastic products come in a wide spectrum

o colours; in light shades like white, cream

and in bright shades o reds, greens and

blues depending on the products. The

colours o products depend on the kindo products.

-Bright colours like Red, green, pink,

orange should be used as people now

associate fuorescent bright colours with

being modern.

Neutral colours like cream, beige must

also be used considering they are versatile

and go with all environment.


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Retail


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Retail

Plastic items are either stacked in an

orderly manner or kept mixed in a

container in retail display. All stores

generally have smaller items like soap

dishes kept mixed in a tray. Stackableitems like bowls, baskets, trays, buckets,

stools, are generally kept stacked.. In

smaller stores, all are kept stacked in

shelved where that may or may not be

seen. Bigger items like buckets are kept

on the ground where its easier or them

to take out and see.

Many items are hidden and not seen on

display by the consumer due to lack o

space.

In departmental stores, the items aregenerally displayed in shelves. However,

buckets, stools Laundry baskets are

generally on the ground.

All colour variants o the same type are

generally stacked and kept,

Objects ood containers o ten come in a

set o 3 and are packed in a translucent

plastic shrink wrap. Fridge bottles may

come in sets o 3 which may either have

cardboard packaging or plastic shrink

wrap.

More expensive items like casseroles are

generally kept in cardboard boxes, and

generally a ew are displayed.

-Stackability is an important issue while

displaying, since most products are

stacked. It should be kept in mind that

the lids dont have any projections which

would make objects kept on it unstable.

-Products which will be displayed in

the box itsel must have a picture o its

contents on the box itsel .

-The picture should be relevant to its

contents. Details that should be seen at

rst glance are:

1.brand name and make/model

2. contents and numbers

3.Volume

-The size and shape o the box must be

made in such a way that it ts into the

shel and maximum boxes t in.

Bibliography InternetSources:


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Bibliography Internet Sources:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenticular_printing

http://www.whatis oilstamping.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foil_stamping

http://www.americanchemistry.com/s_plastics/bin.asp?CID=1102&DID=4645&DOC=FILE.PDF

http://www.americanchemistry.com/plastics/doc.asp?CID=1593&DID=6070

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen-printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_molding

www.nayasa.com

www.celloworld.net/

www.milton.in

www.princeplastic.in

www.bluplast.com

www.primeplasticworld.com

Books Re erred:GE Thermoplastics Design Guide


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