BIOLOGY 11 REVIEWChapter 17, 25-32

CHAPTER 17-CLASSIFICATION INCORPORATED INTO OTHER

QUESTIONS Cladistics Cladogram, fanlike model Six Kingdom system

CHAPTER 25-ANIMAL CHARACTERISTICS Heterotrophic Symmetry Coelom Invertebrate/vertebrate Endoskeleton/exoskeleton Development

Dermal layers

CHAPTER 26-SPONGES, CNIDARIANS,

Sponges Filter feeding, collar cells, spicules,

amoebocytes No tissues, hermaphrodite

Cnidarians Nematocysts Polyp (asexual reproduction) -> medusa

(sperm/eggs) Hydrozoans, scyphozoans, anthozoans

CHAPTER 26 & 27: THE WORMS Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)

Least complex of the worms Parasitic: tape worm (scolex, proglottid), fluke (snail host) free-living: planaria (flame cells, regeneration)

Roundworms (Nematoda) 2 body openings Ascaris, trichinella, pin worm

Segmented worms Setae, segmentation with own muscles, specialization, nerve cords Closed circ system Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Hirudinae

CHAPTER 27-MOLLUSKS Mantle Radula Gills or lungs

Gastropods Bivalves Cephalopods

Octopus: closed circ system

CHAPTER 28-ARTHROPODS All with jointed appendages Exoskeleton Malpighian tubules Well developed senses including eyes

Arachnids: spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions 2 body segments, 6 pairs of appendages (incl chelicerae,

pedipalps) Crustaceans: 2 pairs of antennae Chilopoda Diplopoda Merostomata Insecta: 3 body segments, 6 legs

CHAPTER 29-ECHINODERMS & INVERT CHORDATES

Echinoderms Pedicellariae, water vascular system, tube feet Radial symmetry, deuterostome

Invert chordates Chordate characteristics Tunicates: adults have only gill slits; can live in

colonies Lancelets: bury into sand, all chordate features

throughout life

CHAPTER 30-FISH & AMPHIBIANS Fish

Agnatha: no jaws (lamprey and hagfish) Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes: swim bladder, separate vertebrae Scales, lateral line system

Amphibians Ectotherm, metamorphosis Live part of life on land: 3 chambered heart Respiration: SKIN and lungs Anura, caudata, apoda

CHAPTER 31-REPTILES & BIRDS Reptiles

Scaly skin, amniotic egg Ectotherms Squamata, chelonia, crocodilia, tuatara

Birds Feathers, sternum, efficient respiration, 4

chambered heart endotherm

CHAPTER 32-MAMMALS Hair Mammary glands, sweat glands Specialized teeth Placental mammals

Uterus Placenta

Marsupials monotremes

THE TEST 100 marks total

45 multiple choice 20 matching 35 short answer/ diagram

BIG TICKET ITEMS Cladogram Mammal diagram