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Orthodox Reform Conservative
Characterized by
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Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform Conservative
Characterized by Submission to the law
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform Conservative
Characterized by Submission to the law
Response to change
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform Conservative
Characterized by Submission to the law
Response to change Preservation of the people
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform Conservative
Characterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform Conservative
Characterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform Conservative
Characterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Branches of Judaism
1. There is a continuation in the development of Judaism.
2. The Talmud has no authority for the modern Jew.
3. We seek no Messiah, and we know no homeland but he land of our birth.
1843, group of German Jewish leaders
Orthodox Reform Conservative
Characterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah
God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah
God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah
God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities.
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities.
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.
Similar to reform.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.
Similar to reform.
Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.
Similar to reform.
Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.
Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany.
Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.
Similar to reform.
Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.
Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.
Synagogue is basic institution of Jewish life. Somewhere between Orthodox and Reform.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany. Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.
Similar to reform.
Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.
Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.
Synagogue is basic institution of Jewish life. Similar to Reform, but a bit less.
Clothing Conservative dress. Men wear skullcap called yarmulke (Yiddish) or kippah (Hebrew). Men may wear fringes to remind of God’s commandment.
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany. Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.
Similar to reform.
Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.
Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.
Synagogue is basic institution of Jewish life. Similar to Reform, but a bit less.
Clothing Conservative dress. Men wear skullcap called yarmulke (Yiddish) or kippah (Hebrew). Men may wear fringes to remind of God’s commandment.
Contemporary dress
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox Reform ConservativeCharacterized by Submission to the law Response to change Preservation of the people
History Dates back to time of Talmud. Only form of Jewish practice before 18th century.
Emerged in late 18th century in Germany. Emerged in 19th century in Germany.
Teaching about Torah God personally revealed himself at Mt. Sinai. Words of Torah are divine and authoritative. Changeless revelation of God’s will.
Revelation is a continuous process. Torah is human document, valuable for moral and ethical insight.
Written and Oral Law may be interpreted by the rabbis to reflect modern sensibilities,
View of the messiah Personal, superhuman being who is not divine. Will restore Jewish kingdom and rule over the earth.
Mankind is progressing toward a better age. Not focused on one person as messiah.
Similar to reform.
Synagogue worship House of prayer; study and social aspects are incidental. Prayers in Hebrew. Men and women sit separately.
Synagogue known as “temple.” Service modernized and shortened. English and Hebrew. Men and women sit together. Choirs and organs used.
Synagogue is basic institution of Jewish life. Similar to Reform, but a bit less.
Clothing Conservative dress. Men wear skullcap called yarmulke (Yiddish) or kippah (Hebrew). Men may wear fringes to remind of God’s commandment.
Contemporary dress Contemporary dress
Branches of Judaism
Writings
• Hebrew Bible– Torah – Prophets– Writings
Writings
• Hebrew Bible• Mishnah – interpretation of the law in 6
categories– Seeds – laws on agriculture & prayer– Feasts – holy days & the writing of scrolls– Women – laws concerning marriage & other vows– Damages – civil & criminal, as well as prohibitions
of idolatry– Purities – ritual cleanliness & purification
Writings
• Hebrew Bible• Mishnah – interpretation of the law in 6 categories– Seeds – laws on agriculture & prayer– Feasts – holy days & the writing of scrolls– Women – laws concerning marriage & other vows– Damages – civil & criminal, as well as prohibitions of
idolatry– Purities – ritual cleanliness & purification– Holy Things – sacrifices and temple
Mishnah - example
• Law of Moses specifies all yeast to be removed from a house prior to Passover.
• Mishnah asks: – When can we be sure all yeast has been removed? – What about cosmetics that contain yeast?– What if you are not certain?
Mishnah
• Mishnah also called Halakic tradition – “application of laws”
• Gives complex interpretation
Gemara
• Narrative stories illustrating the law• Long, long, long, long
Talmud = Mishna & Gemara
• Typical section – Torah passage– Discussion from Mishnah– Gemara – fine points, split and analyzed
Passover – about removing leaven
• Typical section example– 2-3 verses in the Torah– 5 pages in the Mishnah– 298 pages in the Talmud