BUS RAPID TRANSITIN

CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS

Colin BraderIntegrated Transport Planning Limited

www.itpworld.net

BRT Review and Documentation

Lagos - BRT-Lite (2008) Johannesburg - Rea Vaya (2009) Jakarta – Transjakarta (2004)

Delhi (2008) } Anil Baijal

Ahmedabad (2009) } Anil Baijal

All operating BRT – therefore must be judged as successful!

Each have involved significant institutional and regulatory change – cannot be underestimated

All involve compromise Similar but subtly different objectives that defined design All are evolving to optimise and meet changing demands

BRT Concept

Initial BRT Intermediate BRT Full BRT

Components Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Running Ways

Shared lanes in mixed traffic/some preferential treatment

Designated lanes/HOV lanes/queue jumper segments

Dedicated lanes and segregated facilities

Exclusive alignment with full grade separation

Stations Improved shelter, signage and amenities

Additional passenger information, safety and security amenities

Enhanced station services and fare collection

Enhanced berthing, loading and land use features

Vehicles Exterior aesthetic and ride/comfort features

Improved boarding accessibility and information features

Diversified vehicle sizes, materials, capacities

Guidance, propulsion and alternative fuels features

Service Improved service frequency and reliability

Extended stop distances, skip-stop and express services

Regional co-ordination, high frequency and reliability

On/off alignment operations and convenient transfer options

Route Structure

Single route with transfer connections

Multiple route operations with transfer facilities and unique identity

Integration with regional network/direct transfer options

Flexible route options to increase one seat rides and reduce transfers

Fare Collection

Increase pre paid fare sales

Introduce proof of payment fare systems

Utilise electronic fare collection system

Implement multi modal smart card system

ITS Signal preference enhancements to improve travel time and schedule adherence

Passenger information to increase convenience and ridership

Docking enhancements to reduce boarding times

Vehicle location and surveillance to improve system coordination and safety/security

A system based approach to bus based public transport

BRT NOT a checklist definition but a spectrum

Cultural and contextual definition IS required

Reference:Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit for Decision MakingAugust 2004

Lagos

BRT-Lite

•Single line

•Part of an evolving city wide transport plan

•Circa 170,000 people per day

•Approx. $1.4m per Km

•Speed approx. 13Km/hr

•Two more lines over next 2 years

Initial BRT Intermediate BRT Full BRT

Components Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Running Ways Shared lanes in mixed traffic/some preferential treatment

Designated lanes/HOV lanes/queue jumper segments

Dedicated lanes and segregated facilities

Exclusive alignment with full grade separation where appropriate

Stations Improved shelter, signage and amenities

Additional passenger information, safety and security amenities

Enhanced station services, fare collection and passenger access

Enhanced vehicle docking, passenger loading and land use integration

Vehicles Exterior aesthetic and ride/comfort features

Improved boarding accessibility and information features

Diversified vehicle sizes, materials, capacities and low emissions

Highest quality, use of alternative fuels, additional user facilities and (possibly) guidance

Service Improved service frequency and reliability

Extended stop distances, express services

Integrated service pattern with area wide coordination, high frequency and reliable run times

On/off alignment operations and convenient (seamless) transfer options

Branding Unified approach to branding

Branding consistent across multiple routes

Integrated branding within all BRT system components

Network wide integrated branding, replicated on vehicle and across all infrastructure

Fare Collection

Increase pre paid fare sales

Proof of payment fare system and multiple fare options

Utilise electronic fare collection system

Implement multimodal smart card system

ITS Signal preference enhancements to improve travel time and schedule adherence

Passenger information to increase convenience and ridership

Vehicle location and surveillance to improve system coordination and safety/security. Coordinated signal control

Docking enhancements to reduce boarding times

To improve travel conditions and provide efficiency in public transport delivery.

With limited budget

Lagos BRT-Lite

Jakarta

Transjakarta

•A BRT Network of 8 routes

•123.35 Km

•Part of a integrated transport plan

•80,000 Pax per day (Line 1)

•Approx. $1.4m per Km (initial)

•Speed approx. 15Km/hr

Initial BRT Intermediate BRT Full BRT

Components Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Running Ways Shared lanes in mixed traffic/some preferential treatment

Designated lanes/HOV lanes/queue jumper segments

Dedicated lanes and segregated facilities

Exclusive alignment with full grade separation where appropriate

Stations Improved shelter, signage and amenities

Additional passenger information, safety and security amenities

Enhanced station services, fare collection and passenger access

Enhanced vehicle docking, passenger loading and land use integration

Vehicles Exterior aesthetic and ride/comfort features

Improved boarding accessibility and information features

Diversified vehicle sizes, materials, capacities and low emissions

Highest quality, use of alternative fuels, additional user facilities and (possibly) guidance

Service Improved service frequency and reliability

Extended stop distances, express services

Integrated service pattern with area wide coordination, high frequency and reliable run times

On/off alignment operations and convenient (seamless) transfer options

Branding Unified approach to branding

Branding consistent across multiple routes

Integrated branding within all BRT system components

Network wide integrated branding, replicated on vehicle and across all infrastructure

Fare Collection

Increase pre paid fare sales

Proof of payment fare system and multiple fare options

Utilise electronic fare collection system

Implement multimodal smart card system

ITS Signal preference enhancements to improve travel time and schedule adherence

Passenger information to increase convenience and ridership

Vehicle location and surveillance to improve system coordination and safety/security. Coordinated signal control

Docking enhancements to reduce boarding times

To address increasing car ownership, manage congestion and offer safe and efficient public transport

Transjakarta

Johannesburg

Rea Vaya

•First phase of BRT network

•Part of integrated transport plan

•25.5Km

•80,000 Pax per day

•$8-10m per Km

•Speed approx. 28 Km/hr

•High levels of accessibility

Initial BRT Intermediate BRT Full BRT

Components Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Running Ways Shared lanes in

mixed traffic/some

preferential

treatment

Designated

lanes/HOV

lanes/queue

jumper segments

Dedicated lanes

and segregated

facilities

Exclusive

alignment with full

grade separation

where appropriate

Stations Improved shelter,

signage and

amenities

Additional

passenger

information, safety

and security

amenities

Enhanced station

services, fare

collection and

passenger access

Enhanced vehicle

docking, passenger

loading and land

use integration

Vehicles Exterior aesthetic

and ride/comfort

features

Improved boarding

accessibility and

information features

Diversified vehicle

sizes, materials,

capacities and low emissions

Highest quality, use

of alternative fuels,

additional user facilities and

(possibly) guidance

Service Improved service

frequency and

reliability

Extended stop

distances, express

services

Integrated service

pattern with area

wide coordination,

high frequency

and reliable run

times

On/off alignment

operations and

convenient

(seamless) transfer

options

Branding Unified approach

to branding

Branding

consistent across

multiple routes

Integrated

branding within all

BRT system

components

Network wide

integrated

branding,

replicated on vehicle and across

all infrastructure

Fare Collection

Increase pre paid

fare sales

Proof of payment

fare system and multiple fare

options

Utilise electronic

fare collection system

Implement

multimodal smart card system

ITS Signal preference enhancements to

improve travel

time and schedule

adherence

Passenger information to

increase

convenience and

ridership

Vehicle location and surveillance

to improve system

coordination and

safety/security .

Coordinated

signal control

Docking enhancements to

reduce boarding

times

Address inequalities, give confidence in the city and provide safe and efficient passage for users, meeting growth and development needs

Rea Vaya “We are Going”

Ahmedabad & Delhi

Ahmedabad Delhi

Length (2010) 40Km 5.8Km

Daily ridership 110,000 85,000

Speed 25 Km/hr 18 Km/hr

System Closed Open

Physical Definition

Bilateral - LagosService roadsEase of implementationMaintenance of capacityMarket segmentation

All median except Lagos!

Compromise

Not ideal – but it works or can be made to work

Johannesburg Lagos

Jakarta

Service Planning

Direct (complimentary) services – Jo’burg, Delhi

Overlapping Services – Jakarta

Trunk – Feeder with intention for direct – Lagos Ahmedabad

Operator Engagement

Move towards organised provisionDesire/need to include operatorsCompensation and concessionEconomically sub optimal – but delivered

Sustainability? Who has control?

Selling the System – all about people!

Create a ‘peoples project’ - Lagos Wider societal objectives – Jo’burg Anti congestion pro growth – Jakarta Little engagement - Delhi

Political Champions Strong will (Mayor Masondo and MMC

Moosajee) Challenge to doubters (Sutiyosa) Span elections (Tinubu, Fashola and

LAMATA) Leading reform (Chief Minister Modi)

Delivery Entities Rea Vaya

City of Jo’burg

Transjakarta Province of Jakarta

LAMATA Lagos State Govt

Janmarg SPV Govt of Gujarat &

Ahmedabad authorities

Issues Political influence System coordination Potential private involvement

Lessons Learn from elsewhere but don’t be constrained All are part of a wider plan and swiftly implemented Strong leadership and commitment is crucial Emphasis upon delivery – what’s really needed not necessarily what is

desired Acceptance of compromise ONLY if its impact is known and not prejudicial Careful planning is required

Demand User needs Service planning Consultation and engagement

Engagement of existing operators will result in concessions BUT plan a way out

Consider cost plus contracts?

Lessons

Recognising need for continual improvement Accepting that mistakes are part of achievement Many essential lessons for future implementation

Failure is to be found in cities that have problems and no solution