Building Cyclone Resistant Housing in Madagascar

TFESSD Forum, Dar Es Salaam, November 15-17, 2011

Mamy Razakanaivo Head of CPGU

Madagascar most exposed to Cyclones in Africa

Geographical position : situated in the south west of the Indian ocean cyclone basin

Country most exposed to tropical cyclones in Africa

More than 60% of the tropical Cyclones taking form in the ocean Indian basin touched Madagascar

4-5 cyclones per year cross on average

Madagascar: A Hot-Spot Multi-Risk Country

• Population living in areas at risk: 25%

• Territory and coastal areas at risk: 20%

• 1 major drought every 5 years (in the south)

• Invasion of locust • Average economic losses per

disaster: US$100 million

Climate change is real in Madagascar

- Increase of daily average temperature

- dry season extended - Stronger Rainfall during

the raining season - Trend of increasing in

frequency and intensity of cyclone

The impacts are persistent and affects the most

vulnerable Case of cyclone season 2008 :

• 6% of the health centers and 4% of the schools were destroyed….

• 979 infrastructures damaged

• 64,530 houses affected, many of them traditional

• Only about half of reconstruction needs were met …

• Responsibility for annual reconstruction tends to fall back to poor communities - a heavy burden given that they have to also restore their houses and livelihoods.

• Inevitably this perpetuates a cycle of vulnerability, as buildings are rebuilt with poor standards and traditional materials…

Preparation of Cyclone Resistant Building

Standards

• 2008, with TFESSD support, Madagascar commissioned cyclone track modeling from MIT…

• It suggested an increase in cyclone strength by end-century, and a shift towards northern Madagascar….

• The 2008 Post Disaster Needs Assessment also helped quantify the costs of disasters, risks of inaction and recommendations

=> Those helped convince policy makers of the urgent need to upgrade cyclone standards

=> Change to towards prevention /DDR

Development Building Code in

Madagascar • Adoption of cyclone-proof

standards for infrastructures and buildings, Information and awareness • Supported by : Track II project/GFDRR and TEFSSD • Objective : mitigate as much as possible the disaster impact into the infrastructure .

Strategy used

• Multi-sectoral approach • Valuing international

experiences and national realities

• Large consultation and agreement in the different level

• Build & Rebuild than before

Date base and documentation

• Rule of Madagascar Building Works (TBM)

• Manual for Building Works 1980 ,

• Construction rule of the « KINGDOM of TONGA » ,

• Building GUIDE for the cyclonic region of the Reunion island ,

• Meteorological Database analyses

• Urban plan and habitat code

The new standards involved five steps

• Step 1. Development of building designs • Based on those of Reunion, Tonga, and previous

designs in Madagascar.

• Step 2. Regulatory Support

• The standards became mandatory for public buildings

• Step 3. Sensitization and awareness

• The new standards were disseminated and discussed with communities, regional authorities and builders

• Step 4. Training of Builders and NGOs.

• Step 5. Mainstreaming into regional plans and funds

The overall process took 3 years, and is still ongoing…

Zoning of Madagascar

This wind map divides Madagascar into four zonings based on the wind speed collected by the metrological department •Zone 1 : highest risk, resisting to winds of 76 m/s (266 km/h) •Zone 2 : West cost •Zone 3 Center zone •zone 4 : less risk Estimated mark-up costs: -14% for Zone 1 housing (relative to Zone 3) -24-104% for traditional housing

Wind map

Normal (1) extremes (1) • Zone 1 74m/s ou 266km/h 97m/s ou 350km/h • Zone 2 60m/s ou 216km/h 79m/s ou 284km/h • Zone 3 45m/s ou 162km/h 59m/s ou 212km/h • Zone 4 35m/s ou 126km/h 46m/s ou 165km/h • Dynamic pressure : • Zone 1 336 dan/m2 588 dan/m2 • Zone 2 208 dan/m2 364 dan/m2 • Zone 3 124 dan/m2 217 dan/m2 • Zone 4 75 dan/m2 131 dan/m2

New Legislation was Adopted in 2010

• Application field : new construction , renewal and rehabilitation/restoration

• Obligation : public buildings - schools & health centers – and recommended for traditional houses in high-risk areas.

• Responsibility : commitment of builders, administration control , research department

Training and Information

• Short training & capacity building for entrepreneur and administration staff

• Partnership and protocol with the principal actors through training for trainers

• integration of the building code into the public market

• s

awareness with Tools and material

• Guidelines poster , CD and manual for each communal office

• Dissemination of Text for regional development

• Demonstration through Prototype infrastructure construction

• Large communication via web, radio, Tv

Norm application advantage

• Funding for rehabilitation can be more used for development or investment

• Insuring well- being and personal safety

• Infrastructure sustainability (long – lower cost for maintenance)

• Building back better than before

Key Lessons Learned 1. Less is more... By focusing all their attention

and scarce resources on cyclone norms, a team of dedicated national staff eventually succeeded in their adoption, by unanimous approval of 31 Ministries

2. …But plan for longer… The norms were originally expected to take one year. It took three and the process of adoption has just begun.

3. The role of TFESSD played important roles in Madagascar’s adaptation and disaster risk management.

4. Continuation of effort :

Futur effort

• Assessment of application • Continuation of Training and

capacity building • Demonstration through Prototype

infrastructure construction • Mainstreaming DRR into sector

programs • Development of study and

research for traditional house => Need the Technical and

financial Support

Thank you for your attention !

Respect the building code and disaster

will be far away from

you