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Business 86, Medical Terminology
Week 6
Body Structure testafter test complete pg. 56 in syllabus,review homework-oral practice,Chapter 6-pgs. 120-151-lecture,getting ready for integumentary test-
using pgs. 56 and 67 in the syllabus,Medical Language Lab
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Review Integumentary System
What are the three layers of skin? What structures are found in each?
Name the three types of burns, describe and tell the layers that each affects
Name the two types of glands found in skin-(use medical terms)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Define the following:
dermatosis dermatitisautograft SLEalopecia urticariaecchymosis cellulitishirsutism abrasionerythema nevusepidermis liposuctiondiaphoresis biopsygangrene onychomalaciamelanoma cyanosisdecubitus ulcer maculelaceration incision
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Gastrointestinal System
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Anatomy and physiology of the Digestive System
Functions of the digestive systemDigestion- the mechanical and
chemical breakdown of food
Absorption- the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion
Elimination- the process of removing waste from the body
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Upper GI System
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Structures and Medical Terms of the Upper GI tract and their function
Mouth - oro, stomatoan opening that holds the food
Teeth - donto, dentomastication by chewing, grinding, tearing
Gum - gingivostructure to hold the teeth, needs to remain healthy
Tongue - glosso, linguomanipulation of the food
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Salivary Glands
Salivary – sialo
moisten food
(three glands)1.Sublingual
2.Submandibular 3.Parotid
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Other structures and terms associated with the upper
GI system
Bolus - a piece of chewed food Pharynx - throat Epiglottis - a piece of tissue that covers the
trachea when swallowing Esophagus - the food tube, lined with rings
of muscle, peristalsis occurs
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Stomach- gastro
Has three layers of smooth muscles
(Circular, long, and oblique)Lined with mucous membranes
Lies in the upper-left side of the abdominal cavity
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Function of the stomach
*mechanical and chemical*
Bolus enters by way of the cardiac/esophogeal sphincter and is mixed with gastric juices
Churned until semi liquid formed- chyme Process takes 3-5 hours Peristalsis (the involuntary constriction and
relaxation of the muscles) moves the chyme to the pyloric valve
Pyloric valve (sphincter) relaxes and lets chyme proceed in small amounts to the duodenum
Stomach empties and lies in folds called rugae
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Duodenumfirst part of the small
intestine
Small intestine- entero Digestion occurs in proximal
duodenum C-shaped and is 10-12 inches in
length
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Function of the Duodenum
Chyme enters duodenumDigestive enzymes are added by the
pancreas and gallbladder to further break down the chyme
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Structures and Medical Terms of the Lower GI
SystemSmall intestine – entero - is divided
up into three segmentsDuodenum – duodeno - (part of the
upper GI system) complete digestion occurs in the proximal duodenum and absorption in the distal duodenum
Jejunum – jejuno - more absorptionIleum - ileo - final absorption of
nutrients
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Small Intestine(Entero) primary function
Receives enzymes from accessory organs
Breaks down fats, CHO, and proteins to be absorbed by the blood and lymph capillaries
Absorption of nutrients
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Villi
Throughout the whole length of the small intestine are tiny finger-like projections called ‘villi’. Through the villi 85% of all nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream for delivery to cells
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Completion of digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestineCompleted in 4-6 hoursOnce completed the waste will move into
the cecum
The orange arrow Indicates the ileocecal Valve. The cecum is the first part of the large IIntestine.
The green arrow is the appendix
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Large Intestine-
colo, colono
Water and waste products stored here Wide and about 5’ in length Has no villi, does not coil or lie in folds, and
is divided into different areas by name- ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
Water reabsorbed back into the body
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Rectum and Anus (procto)
Rectum – (recto) - 5 inches and terminates at the anal canal
Anus – (ano) - has internal and external sphincter muscles
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Accessory Organs
and their functions
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Liver - Hepato
Liver Largest glandular organ in the bodyManufactures bile (chole)-exocrine
function
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Gallbladder (cholecysto)
Muscular sac
Function is to store and release bile
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Pancreas- pancreatoLong fish tail shapedadds digestive juices to breakdown
CHO, fats, proteins- exocrine function
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Peritoneum
Lining of the walls of the abdominal cavity
Large sheet of serous membranes
Contains small amounts of fluid that permits organs to glide freely without friction
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Mesentery
Folds of peritoneum that support the small intestine
Between the folds are blood, lymph and nerve supply for the small intestine
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Pathology of the Digestive System
Oral CavityStomatitis-
inflammation of the mouth
Gingivitis- inflammation of the gums
Halitosis-
bad breath
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Esophagus/ esophago
Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing
Gastroesophageal reflux disease-backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus
Business 86, Medical Terminology
* Hiatal HerniaThe hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm
-- the muscular wall separating the chest cavity from the abdomen. Normally, the esophagus (food pipe) goes through the hiatus and attaches to the stomach. In a hiatal hernia (also called hiatus hernia) the stomach bulges up into the chest through that hiatus.
There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal (next to the esophagus).
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Stomach- gastro
Gastritis- inflammation of the stomachDyspepsia- indigestionNausea-a feeling of sickness in the
stomach causing an urge to vomitEmesis- vomitingEructation- burpingUlcer (gastric)- an open sore of the
mucus membrane
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Small and Large
Intestine
Ileitis- inflammation of the ileumEnteritis- inflammation of the small
intestineCrohn’s disease- inflammation in the
small intestine- usually the ileumColitis- inflammation of the large
intestineFlatus- a reflex that expels intestinal
gas through the anus
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Obstipation- Severe constipation Borborygmus- bowel sounds Ascites- abnormal build-up of fluid in the
abdomen Appendicitis- inflammation of the appendix Diverticulitis- inflammation of a sac or
pouch in the intestinal tract Celiac sprue- a genetic disorder caused by
an allergy to gluten, sets off an autoimmune response that causes damage to the small intestine which causes malabsorption
Hemorrhoids-veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Liver- hepato
Hepatitis- inflammation of the liverJaundice- yellowing conditionCirrhosis- condition characterized
by irreversible scarring of the liver
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Gallbladder- cholecysto
Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis- gallstones
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Pancreas- pancreato
Pancreatitis- inflammation of the pancreas
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Psychological
Anorexia nervosa - without appetiteBulimia - binging and purging
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Procedures of the Digestive System
Gastrectomy- removal of the stomach Colectomy- removal of the colon Cholecystectomy- removal of the
gallbladder Stomaplasty- surgical repair of the mouth Biliary lithotripsy- crushing of gallstones Appendectomy- removal of the appendix
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Vagotomy- incision of the vagus nerveColostomy- forming an opening in the
colonColotomy- incision of the colonAnastomosis- a surgical connection
between two tubesIleostomy- forming an opening in the
ileumBariatric surgery- treatment for morbid
obesity (stapling,banding,shortening)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Colostomy
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Bariatric SurgeryVertical banded gastroplasty
Roux-enY gastric
bypass (RGB)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Diagnostic Procedures
Sigmoidoscopy- visual examination of the sigmoid colon
Hemoccult- hidden bloodStool culture- lab testing feces for
microorganismsUpper GI series- (UGIS) Upper
gastrointestinal series-testing the structures of the upper digestive tract
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Colonscopy- visual examination of the large intestine
Liver biopsy- excision of liver tissue for pathological study
Endoscopy- visual examination withinLower GI series- (LGIS) lower
gastrointestinal seriestesting the structures of the lower digestive tract
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Abbreviations
TPN- total parenteral nutritionpo- by mouthBM- bowel movementac- before mealsNG- nasogastricPUD- peptic ulcer diseaseUGIS- upper gastrointestinal
serier
Business 86, Medical Terminology
GI- gastrointestinalNPO- nothing by mouthpc- after mealsFBS- fasting blood sugarBaE, BE- barium enemaBS-n bowel soundsHAV, HBV, HCV- hepatitis A,B,C virusRGB- Roux-en-Y gastric bypassGER(D)- gastroesophageal reflux (disease)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Medications
Laxatives- purgatives
Senokot, Miralax, Dulcolax Antispasmodics- against spasm-IBS
Robinul Antiemetics- against vomiting
Compazine, Zofran Antacids- against acid
Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums Antidiarrheals- against-to relieve diarrhea
Imodium
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Homework
Study for integumentary test using pgs. 56 and 67 in syllabus
Complete pgs. 63-67 (syllabus)
Complete pgs. 152-164(book)
Term Plus Digestive-TE and MV
www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 6
Read pgs. 166-194 (book)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Review for Integumentary QuizPage 67
Define the following-SLE AlopeciaNevus CellulitisHirsutism AutograftDermatitis DermatosisAbrasion LiposuctionDiaphoresis GangreneBiopsy OnychomalaciaErythema EpidermisEcchymosis XerodermaUrticaria Hidrosis
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Name the two glands (use medical terms) located in skin
Describe burns and tell what areas of skin they affect
Name the three layers of skin
ANY QUESTIONS??