BY– SAYLI SOLANKE

IRRIGATION

WHAT IS IRRIGATION ?

It is artificial way of supplying water to the

agricultural land at the right moment

For the proper growth of plants appropriate volume

of water is needed, so we get the maximum yields

of cultivation .

HISTORY

Archeologist found remains of 3 irrigation canal, In

the zana valley of peru, from 4rth millennium BCE

In India irrigation developed from Harappan

civilization (3300-1300 BCE)in Pakistan and north

India.

NEED OF IRRIGATION -

For normal growth and yield of the plant.

To reduce the soil temperature.

For easy germination of the seeds from the soil.

To provide crop insurance against short duration

drought

Uneven Distribution of Rainfall

Uncertainty of Rainfall

Irregularity of Rainfall

Specialty of Crops

Development of agriculture in desert area

TYPES OF IRRIGATION-

1.Surface irrigation

2.Localized irrigation

3.Lateral move irrigation

4.Centre pivot irrigation

SURFACE IRRRIGATION

Surface irrigation is defined as the group of

application techniques where water is applied and

distributed over the soil surface by gravity.

About 90% area irrigated by this method.

1.Level basin

2.Furrow

-small channels carry water

2.LOCALIZED IRRIGATION

Water is distributed under low pressure through a

piped network.

a. Drip irrigation

-most water efficient

-water is delivered near the plant , at root

b. Sprinkler irrigation

c. Bubbler irrigation

3.LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION

A series of pipe each with a wheel is affixed to its

midpoint and sprinkler along its length. Water is

supplied At one end using a house. After sufficient

water is supplied house is removed. The hose

reconnected .The process has been repeated until

the opposite edge of field is reached.

4.CENTRE PIVOT IRRIGATION

also called waterwheel and circle irrigation, is a

method of crop irrigation in which equipment rotates

around a pivot and crops are watered

with sprinklers. A circular area centered on the pivot

is irrigated, often creating a circular pattern in crops

when viewed from above.

Overhead sprinklers (static or revolving)

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF

IRRIGATION ?

Improve ground water storage.

Increase of food production.

Increase income.

Modify soil or climate environment

Increase value of land

Lessen risk of damage caused by drought.

Increase labor employment.

Increase standard of living.

WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF

IRRIGATION ?

Water logging.

Salinity and alkalinity of land.

Pollution of underground water.

Results in colder and damper climate causing

outbreak of diseases like malaria.

WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS

GENERATED BY IRRIGATION ?

Breeding places for mosquitoes

Ground water table is increased

Water logging

Formation of marshy land.

It may cause earthquake

Excess irrigation cause arsenic

contamination which may cause greater

disaster in future

WHAT SHOULD WE DO FOR

OVERCOME THIS PROBLEMS

Use effective method of irrigation

Reduce water wastage

Salinity control program

Use bucket drip irrigation.

THANK YOU !!