C H A P T E R – 1:...

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EEMMPP OOFF AACCCCHHII BBAAVVRRII SSOOAAPPSSTTOONNEE && DDOOLLOOMMIITTEE MMIINNEE ((MM..LL.. NNOO..55//9988))

((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS

Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)

1.1 Purpose of the Report: The present report pertains to the proposal of M/s. Mahesh

Mantri for Enhancement of production of Soapstone from 8,500 TPA to 20,000 TPA

and Dolomite from 74,700 TPA to 2,40,000 TPA. The mine lease area is 129.50 ha.

As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September

2006, the proposed project falls under Category 1 (a) A1. The EIA Report is required

to get Environmental Clearance (EC) for the project from the Ministry of

Environment and Forest (MOEF), New Deli.

The lessee obtained the a Terms of Reference for enhancing production to 20,000 T.

of Soapstone & 2,40,000 T. of Dolomite on 15.02.2008, and a Public Hearing was

held on 4.10.2008, which was very positive. The Final Presentation was not done due

to some unavoidable reasons, as the period of TOR lapsed hence the new application

submitted. Last Public Hearing for Soapstone of 20,000 MTA & Dolomite 2,40,000

MTA was held on 04-10-2008, the Honarble committee members exempted from a

repeat public consultations in this instance case.

Application for prior environmental clearance for the above proposal was submitted

to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) on 8th June 2012 for determination

of Terms of Reference (TOR) for the preparation of EIA Report.

This EIA Report has been prepared to address the environmental impacts of the

proposed project and propose mitigation measures for the same, based on the TOR

received from MOEF, vide letter No. J-11015/212/2012-IA. II(M) dated 01.11.22012.

Copy of the letter along with compliance to the conditions is enclosed as Annexure-1.

1.2 Identification of the project & project proponent:

Identification of the project: The project is for Mining of Soapstone and Dolomite

in district Rajsamand Tehsil Nathdwara near village Acchi Bavri. This area is

prominent for Soapstone mining and a number of mining leases in an around, are

existing in the region. The project proponent is taking all safeguards to protect

environment in the mines and whole of the area.

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 11:: IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN

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Identification of project proponent:

Name – Shri Mahesh Mantri, C/o Shree Yash Enterprises.

Contact address:

C/O Shree Yash Enterprises

1, Panchwati Road No.1

Udaipur (Rajasthan) -313001

0294-2492060

Brief Description of project:

Brief Description: Acchi Bavri Soapstone and Dolomite Mine is situated within a

lease area measuring 129.50 ha.

Ministry of Environment & Forests granted Environment Clearance for the project

vide order No. J-11015/186/2005 IA. II (M) dated 22.9.2006 for a production of 8,500

T. of Soapstone & 74,700 T. of Dolomite per year.

Size of the Project: The proposed size of Soapstone & Dolomite mine is 129.50

hectare area.

Location of the Project:

District & State :– Rajsamand, Rajasthan

Taluka :– Nathdwara

Village :– Acchi Bavri

Area :– 129.50 hectares

Importance to region & country:

Soapstone: Soapstone is an important industrial mineral having a variety of usage

depending on its properties like whiteness, brightness, softness, chemical and mineral

composition, size of particle, oil absorption, slip or lubricating power, shrinkage, low

electrical & thermal conductivity and resistance to heat. The various industries in

which soapstone is used are paper, textile, cosmetic, rubber, ceramic, paints, soaps,

fertilizer, insecticide etc. The soapstone is also used in cereal polishing, bleaching,

odour absorption from foods floor wax, shoe-polish etc.

The quality of soapstone of this area is pesticide grade with some amount of paper

grade. Thus it will be used in respective units as per recovery of different grades.

Apart from Soapstone, dolomite will also be mined, which has market in Detergent

unit, Steel Industries etc.

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CONSUMPTION OF TALC/ STEATITES/SOAPSTONE 2008-2009

59%

12%

5%3%

21%

Ceramic

Cosmetic

Paint

Paper

Pesticide

Rubber

Others

Talc, in pulverised form, is mostly used as filler in paper, textile, rubber, insecticides

and fertilizer industries. Pure talc after calcining, called 'Lava', is used in the

manufacture of low-loss ceremic materials essential for radio, radar, television, etc. In

roofing products, such as, tar, paper, asphalt shingles and roll roofing, talc acts as a

fire retardant and increases weather resistance. Body and face powders (talcum

powder) are prepared from the finest quality talc after adding deodorant and

perfumes. Massive steatite when cut into panels is used for switchboards and acid

proof tabletops in laboratory, laundry and kitchen sink, in tubs and tanks as well as for

lining alkali tanks in paper industry. Due to its high melting point (1630°"C),

soapstone can be used in refractories and fire places. It is also quite useful in

sculpturing.

Consumption of Talc (Industry-wise): Talc is being used in different industries in

different amounts in 2009-2010 as given in table below:-

Industry (In Tonnes)

Ceramic 24100

Cosmetic 11600

Paint 74300

Paper 221400

Pesticide 42100

Rubber 800

Others 700

Total 375000

Note: Talc is being used in different industries in different amounts as in paper (59%), ceramic (5%), pesticide (12%), cosmetic (3%), paint (21%)

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PRODUCTION OF TALC BY PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES

36%

2%1%

3%1%

4%

8% 2% 3%

7%

10%

8%

15%

AustraliaAustriaBrazilChinaFinlandFranceIndiaItalyKoreaMexicoRussiaSpainUnited States of AmericaOther countries

PRODUCTION OF TALC IN RAJASTHAN

36%

8%

2%

53%

1%

Banswara

Bhilwara

Dausa

Dungarpur

Kaurali

Rajsamand

Udaipur

PRODUCTION OF TALC (STATEWISE)

73%

9%18%

Andhra Pradesh

Rajasthan

Uttra Khand

PRODUCTION OF TALC (STATEWISE)

State Nos. of

mines

2009 -10

Nos. of

mines

2008 -09

Andhra Pradesh

28 72787 33 81914

Bihar 1 2052 1 1410 Chhattisgarh 1 80 1 476

Gujarat 1 2291 1 122 Orissa - - 1 4

Rajasthan 58 622389 68 653258 Tamil Nadu 1 630 - -

Total 120 835119 135 888470

PRODUCTION OF SOAPSTONE BY PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES

Country 2007 2008 2009

Australia 121 130 92 Austria 153 155 111 Brazil 401 405 400 China 2000 2000 2300

Finland 536 528 500 France 420 420 420 India 826 820 820Italy 112 110 110

Korea 50 50 50 Mexico 32 16 33Russia 150 150 150 Spain 78 59 47

United States of America

769 200 527

Other countries 490 421 412Total 6138 5909 5972

PRODUCTION OF TALC IN RAJASTHAN

istrict 2009-10 2008-09 No. of mines

Product -ion

Nos. of mines

Product -ion

nswara 1 4957 1 3581 hilwara 8 188932 14 213909

Dausa 1 752 1 354

ngarpur 7 49532 8 49565 aipur 1 6311 - -

Kaurali 2 3445 2 1720

jsamand

7 15418 7 14625

daipur 31 353042 36 315199

Note: In Rajasthan, Udaipur accounts for 53% of talc production where the mine is present followed by Bhilwara (36%), Rajsamand (2%) & Dungarpur (8%) as shown on the pie chart.

'000 tonnes

'000 tonnes

Note: The production of Talc varies from country to country as shown in the following chart India contribute to 15% of total world production as depicted on the chart.

Note: In India, Rajasthan accounts for nearly three fourth of total production i.e. 73% followed by A.P. (9% & Uttrakhand (18%) as depicted above.

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PRODUCTION OF DOLOMITE (STATEWISE)

31%

3%

7%

7%

3%

1%

19%

3%

26%

Andhra Pradesh

Chhattisgarh

Gujarat

Karnataka

Madhya Pradesh

Orissa

Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu

Uttra Khand

1.4 Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried out (As per Terms of Reference): The primary objective of an EIA Study includes determination of the present environmental status, study of the specific activities related to the project and evaluation of the probable environmental impacts due to these specific activities and the recommendations of necessary environmental control measures to mitigate the impacts and improve the environment. The EIA is, thus, a comprehensive study on environmental impacts due to the proposed project and also a tool to assess and mitigate the detrimental impacts on the environment due to operation of the project.

The EIA is aimed at determining the environmental impacts on the study area of the project, which encompasses all areas falling within a radius of 10 km. around the project site.

Purpose: The purpose of the report is to integrate different environmental factors into project planning and decision making by studying probable changes in the various socio-economic and bio-physical characteristics, which will result from the proposed project, so as to achieve ecologically sustainable development.

The purpose of the study is to identify environmental risks, reduce conflicts by promoting community participation, minimize adverse environmental impacts and keep decision makers informed. Thus laying base for environmentally sound Project, such that the benefits shall be observed at all the stages of the Project starting from conceptualization to planning, design, construction, operation, decommissioning and site closure.

The process of EIA has been developed with the prevalent laws and prescribed terms

of reference by understanding the inter-linkages and dynamics between various

PRODUCTION OF DOLOMITE (STATEWISE)

State

Quantity 2009 -10

Quantity 2008 -09

Andhra Pradesh

1538762 1251958

Chhattisgarh 1206950 1317858 Gujarat 250847 169447

Jharkhand 422016 301341 Karnataka 370201 354015 Madhya Pradesh

198044 199377

Maharashtra 80340 94896 Orissa 943015 1614131

Rajasthan 170162 147123 Uttarkhand 1947 53947

Total 5182284 5504093

tonnes

Note: In India, Chhattisgarh accounts for nearly three fourth of total production i.e. 31% followed by Rajasthan (26%) as depicted above.

'000 tonnes

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activities in order to assess direct, indirect and cumulative impacts on physical and

social environments for evaluating the nature of impacts and provide suitable

mitigation measures.

Scope: The scope of the study is based on the TOR prescribed by the M.o.E.F. This

EIA report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed project in addition to

the findings of the Risk Assessment (RA) study and the On-site Disaster Management

Plan (DMP).

1.5 Methodology of the study: Reconnaissance survey was conducted by Apex Mintech

Consultants, Udaipur with the officials of Shri Mahesh Mantri and sampling locations

were identified with the help of officialials of Team Test House, Jaipur, The

Monitoring stations were decided.

The predominant wind direction in the study area has been recorded from Indian

Meteorological Department (IMD), Dabok.

Topography, location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals and rivers;

Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas;

Accessibility, power availability and security of monitoring equipment, pollution

pocket in the area;

Areas which represent baseline conditions and;

Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental

attributers.

1.6 Structure of Report: The overall contents of the EIA report follow the list of

contents and guidelines prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and Forest. The

report consists of eleven chapters and the contents are briefly described in this section.

Chapter 1: Introduction: Chapter 1 gives brief outline of the project, description of

the nature, size, and location of the project and its importance, description of the EIA

study, including the purpose and scope of the study. Also it covers methods used for

identifying issues, assessing impacts, and designing environmental protection

measures.

Chapter 2: Project Description: This chapter provides information related to various

features of the proposed mine incorporating features of the project, geology, mineable

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reserves, method of mining, employment potential and deployment of machinery. It

also provides the glimpse of project schedule for approval and implementation.

Chapter 3: Description of Environment: This chapter deals with the methodology

and findings of the field studies covering physical, biological and socio economic

environments, carried out to ascertain the baseline environmental condition of the

study area. The primary and secondary data generation were entrusted to reputed

agencies and institutions and the data obtained have been compiled in this chapter. It

includes the information regarding micro-meteorology, water environment, air

environment, soil environment, noise environment, ecological environment and socio-

economic baseline settings of the study area.

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and mitigation measures: These

chapters provide details of the environmental impact assessment of the project during

operation phase. It expresses the impacts of the proposed project on the various

components of environment. The FDM modelling exercise pertaining to prediction of

ground level concentration of air pollutants have also been dealt in this chapter.

Mitigation measures are suggested along with the impact prediction to mitigate the

adverse impacts likely to occur on environmental parameters of the proposed project.

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site): This chapter deals with

the alternatives which can be there other than the mines covering the alternate site &

technology.

Chapter 6: Environment Monitoring Program: Implementation schedule of

mitigation measures & environmental monitoring program have been provided in the

chapter.

Chapter 7: Additional Studies: This chapter provides information regarding the

activities associated with the project likely to pose a risk to man, environment or

property. Such activities include transport, storage, handling and usage of fuels.

Computation of risk assessment has been covered in this chapter. It also provides

details regarding precautionary measures to be taken. This chapter also deals with the

information about on-site disaster management describing the on-site and off-site

emergencies, commands and controls.

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Chapter 8: Project Benefits: This chapter deals with the benefits accruing due to the

project and includes improvements in the physical and social infrastructure.

Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan: This chapter includes the

description of the administrative aspects of the lessee to effectively monitor the

environment after the approval of EIA.

Chapter 10: Summary & Conclusion: This chapter includes the funds for

afforestation & green belt protection, recommendations & the overall justification for

implementation of the project.

Chapter 11: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged: The detailed profile of the

consultants along with their capabilities and experience are highlighted in this chapter.

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2.1 Type of Project: This is a Soapstone & Dolomite mining project, located near village

Acchi Bavri, Tehsil Nathdwara, District Rajsamand. As per notification of MoEF dt.

14.9.2006, it is mandatory to obtain environment clearance of all mining areas of 5.00

Hect. or more or in case of expansion. As per notification this project measures more

than 50.00 ha. Thus it falls in 'A' category, as the area of lease is 129.50 Hectare. This

is a case for Expansion of Production.

2.2 Need for the Project: This is a Soapstone & Dolomite mining project. Due to

enhanced demand in the market, the project proponent wants increase in production.

The project already has a number of mining machinery which can achieve this

production. There are sufficient reserves of Soapstone and Dolomite in this area. Due

to enhancement of targeted productuion, proponent, Government, and local

inhabitants will get enhanced benefit, revenue and employment, respectively.

2.3 Location (map shows general location specification, project boundary, project

site lay out.)

Location of Mine:

a) The lease hold area is located between Latitudes of 24°49’39” and 24° 50’20” N and

Longitudes of 73°41’00” and 73°41’20”

b) G.T. Sheet No.

45 H/9.

c) Description of FRP of lease: Table -2.1

From To Bearing Distance in metres. T.I.-806 A 140°-7.5' 3547.00

A B 134°-30' 804.672 B C 224°-30' 1609.344 C D 314°-30' 804.672 D A 044°-30' 1609.344

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Nearest Railway Station: The nearest Railway Station is at Udaipur of Western

Railway which is 40 km. from the lease hold.

Nearest Airport: The nearest Airport is located at Dabok, Udaipur which is 65 km.

from mine.

Basic Amenities: The nearest infrastructure facilities are available as: Police Station Gogunda

Telephone Network for cell phone is available.

Medical facility Acchi Bavri

Educational facility Secondary School at Acchi bavri village

Electricity Electric line is passing through the area.

Post Office Gogunda

General Particulars Latitude 24°49’39” N to 24° 50’20” N

Longitude 73°41’00” E to 73°41’20” E

Study Area 10 Km. radius

Tehsil Nathdwara

District Rajsamand

Nearest village Acchi Bavari

Demography: Total Population (around 10 km.) 73943

Male 37317

Female 36626

Climatology: (For 30 years) Average Rainfall 664 mm.

Temp. Max. 30.8°C to 44.6°C

Temp. Min. 0.4 TO 19.7° C

Relative Humidity 61% (Average)

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2.4 Size or magnitude of operation (including associated activities required by or for

the project).

Table - 2.2 Land Status as per Khasra Khatoni

S. No. Particulars Area in Hect. 1. Charnot Land 32.00 2. Govt. Waste Land 27.02 3. Khatedari Land (Non crop) 70.48 Total 129.50

Table -2.3 Land Use pattern of the core area (area in hectare)

S. No.

Particulars Existing land use pattern

After five years

At the end of Life period

1. Mining Pits 3.9153 5.5510 43.6592. Overburden 0.5509 1.8730 -3. Top Soil - 0.0960 -4. Roads 0.5415 0.5415 -5. Mineral Stack Yard - 0.0460 -6. Green Belt * 0.30 3.5000 3.5007. Plantation inside

lease area * 3.50 5.3000 25.000

8. Plantation on waste dump*

- - -

9. Water Reservoir * 0.500 0.500 38.012010. Reclamation *

(Backfilled) - - 5.647

11. Total Used Area 5.0077 8.1075 43.65912. Total Unused Area 124.4923 121.3925 85.841

Total 129.5000 129.5000 129.500 *The area of this row is not calculated in total.

Presently plantation has been done over an area of 2.20 ha., outside lease area on waste dump. So Presently total plantation area is 6 ha.

Note: Natural scattered plants exist in about 15 hectare area.

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GEOLOGY

Topography, General Geology and Local:

i) Topography: The lease area falls with survey of India Toposheet no. 46H/9 between

Latitudes of 240 49’ 39”N and 240 50’ 20”N and Longitudes of 730 41’ 00”E and 730

41’ 20”E. The lease area is located in the famous ridges of Haldighathi. On regional

scale the general topography of the region is regarded as highly undulated terrain. It

comprises of low relief cultivated land as well as north-south trending high & isolated

hillocks & hummocks.

ii) Physiography & drainage of the area: The configuration of the lease area is

rectangular shaped bounded by pillar ABCD. In general the area is elongated along

NNE-SSW. Topographically lease area is of medium relief, undulating terrain,

comprising of hillocks, ridges, and plan land. In general the northern half of the area

(including central portion) is regarded as high undulated terrain due to presence of

hillocks, ridges & valleys. The highest elevated point in the lease area is at 50 m.

above mean sea level & is situated in central western side. Similarly other small

hillocks ridges having peck RL of about 700 mrl are existing in this portion.

The southern half of the lease area is having rather lesser degree of undulation relative

to the northern half.

Its major portion is having gentle undulation. However one prominent hillock having

750 m. amsl of its peak is existing in the southern portion. Three nalas are entering

into the area from the western side, where from the nalla takes NW course and

ultimately merges with a third nalla entering from the western side in northern

portion. Ultimately the main course drains out of the lease area from the northern

boundary. All the nallas are of purely seasonal nature surrounded by a Number of

Dissecting Nallas all around the lease area. These nalas only facilitate the drainage of

rain water in the event of downpour.

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iii) General Geology: The rock formation exposed in the region forms the part of

Aravallis Super Group represented by following lithounits:-

Age Super group Group Formation

Per

Cambrian

Aravalli -- Slate, Phyllite, Quartzite

Upper

Aravalli

Quartzite, Dolomite, Greywacke,

Slate, Phyllite

Lower

Aravalli

Carbonceous Phyllite, Dolomite,

Quartzite, Phosphorite, schist,

Conglomerate Banded Gneissic

complex

Local Geology: Following rock types are exposed in and around the lease area.

Quartz Veins

Ferrugineous Breccia

Pink dolomite

Greyish white dolomite

Greyish black dolomite

Dolomitic Limestone

Siliceous dolomite

Ferruginous dolomite

Shale

Dolomitic limestone (sheared)

Un-classified banded dolomitic limestone

Phyllite and at places carbonaceous schist

Dip & strike of Joints: The entire has a folded structure. Thus variation in dip and

strike is observed. Generally formations in the western side strike along N300 E, and

dip 750 – 800 due SE. In the eastern side the strata strikes E-W dipping 750 – 800 due

north.

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Reserves: Table - 2.4

Total Mineable reserve of the mine

Mineral Reserves in Tonnes Total Reserves in Tonnes Proved Probable Possible

Soapstone 244518.8 54404 53676 352598.8 Dolomite 5846489 1393612 1492289 8732390 Total 6091007.8 1448016 1545965

Table - 2.5

Proposed Production & Overburden in ensuing five years:

Year Soapstone (7.6%)in Tonnes

Dolomite (92.4%) in Tonnes

Overburden in cu.mts.

2013-14 16984.000 206477.000 279975.02014-15 18936.000 230213.000 48295.02015-16 19330.000 235013.000 34348.02016-17 19418.000 236080.000 6815.02017-18 19760.000 240240.000 9598.0

Total 94428.000 1148023.00 379031.0

Life of Mine: Considering average production of 248490 tonnes of mineral per

annum.

Anticipated Life = Mineral yet to be excavated (Proved+Probable reserves)/ average

annual production.

= (6091007.8+1448016) /248490 = About 30 years

2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation:

i) The approval of Mining Plan has been done by the Supdt. Mining Engineer, Udaipur

Circle, Govt. of Rajasthan, vide letter no. SME/UD-Cir/Mine Scheme/Raj./Major/ F-

11/10 /1295 dt. 15.07.11. Its implementation will be done as per plan within a period

of five years. Implementation of Mining Plan, special attention will be given towards

mine development, protection of environment, plantation etc.

ii) After the Environment Clearance all the specific and general conditions will be fully

implemented.

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iii) The consent to operate under Air & Water Act for 2,60,000 TPA will be fully

implemented.

iv) All the provisions of the Mines Act, 1952, Mines Rules 1955 and Metalliferous Mines

Regulation, 1961 will be fully implemented.

v) The competent persons as per M.M.R. 1961 are employed at the mine.

vi) That as per Mines Rules, 1955 the workers are been medically be examined.

vii) The workers have been provided with Provident Fund and will be insured under

Workmen’s Compensation Act.

2.6 Proposed Method of Mining: In the next five years the working would be extended

to systemise the pit & further excavate the mineral in order to fufill the market

demand. The faces would be advanced in all the directions & depth wise for

production as well as recovery. It is expected that there would be increase in quality &

recovery with depth. In order to achieve the desired rate of production the presently

working pit is to be developed according to the required norms of mining. This will

help in better utilization of the resources and systematic development of the mine.

The guidelines to be followed for the purpose are as follows:

i) Reshaping and resizing of the pit systematically

ii) Proper benching in the overburden and the mineral as per the Rules and Regulations.

The bench height is of 6.0 m & the width of the benchs are kept more than height. The

slope of the benches are kept 45 degree from horizontal.

iii) Further development of the mine below the present working area up to the proved and

probable depth of the mineral.

iv) The waste generated shall be dumped in the south –western part of the lease area over

present dumps.

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Salient features of the mine:

Type of mine Opencast Mechanized Mine Mine lease area 129.50 Hectare Acquired land area 62.00 Hectare Mineable Reserve Soapstone 0.255 Million Tonnes

Dolomite 5.953 Million Tonnes Yearwise annual production 20,000 T. Soapstone and 2,40,000 T.

Dolomite Present Depth of working 720 mRL (10 m. agl) Ultimate depth of pit 670 mRL (40 m. bgl) Bench height 6.0 m. in pit & 10 m. in waste Man power 100

Drilling: Drilling is done by I.R. make 100mm T.R. Comp. drilling machine and tractor mounted compressor by specialist drillers.

Loading: Loading of overburden and mineral Dolomite is done with excavators into dumper. Loading of mineral Soapstone is done in dumper manually.

Blasting: Blasting is being done to displace the overburden or mainly to facilitate removal and to fragment it as and when required.

Types of explosive: The quantity will be used per day = 252 Kg. 80% A.N.F.O. will be used = 201 kg. 20% booster explosive will be use = 51 Kg.

Disposal of Waste rock: The proposal for dumping in the approved plan scheme was at the South- eastern part of the lease area. In & adjoining the area total overburden mixed with dolomite lying in dumps are 4,52,484 m3, taking Swell factor 1.5 Insitu volume of waste rock lying in dumps are 678726 m3 .

Nature of Waste: The waste found in the area is mainly dolomitic rocks. On top of this soil, alluvial covers of varying thickness are encountered. The rock fragments of small size are also resulted after mining.

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Table- 2.6 Table showing already accumlated OB

Section line Cross sectional Area (Sq. mts.)

Strike length

Volume (Cu mts.)

a-b 320 120 38,400 c-d 862 80 68,960 e-f 1464 46 67,344 g-h 715 50 35,750 i-j 100 28 2,800 k-l 55 30 1,650 m-n 95 55 5,225

m’-n’ 570 75 42,750 o-p 310 52 16,120 q-r 215 60 12,900 s-t 505 42 21,210 u-v 210 42 8,820 w-x 30 60 1,800 1-2 399 54 21,546 3-4 2015 32 64,480 5-6 1755 32 56,160 7-8 817 29 23,693 9-10 2411 48 1,15,728 11-12 35 125 11,875 13-14 1367 45 61,515

Total O.B. Volume inside & adjoining area 6,78,726 O.B. ÷ Expansion factor (1.5) 4,52,484

Table No. 2.7 Disposable of Waste Rock

Particulars O/B in Cu. mts. (in Lakh)

Area Status

Present status 6.78 3.00 0.55 Hect. inside lease North eastern direction and remaining out side lease

area on Purchase land 1st to 5th Year 1.40 1.32 South East direction

6th to 15th year 2.80 1.32 Same duming area 16th to upto life

period 4.20 5.647 Reclamation

(Backfilled)

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Selection of Waste Rock Dump Site:The dump site has been selected for the

following favourable points:

1. It is already a dump site.

2. The site favourable for dumping.

3. The area is sufficient for long term use.

Table -2.8 Proposed Machinery:

Type & Nos. Capacity Make H.P.

TR Comp.-1 100 mm dia 450 CFM I.R. 140 Tractor Comp-2 125 CFM Khosla 50

Shovel – 1 1.15 Cum. Samsung. Korea

130

Loader – 1 0.3 Cum. JCB 100 Trucks 10 Tonnes Tata 90 Tipper 10 Tonnes Tata 90

D.G. Set -2 110 KVA 60 Kur I.P. 120 Water Pumps -4 - Crompton 50,20,10 & 5

Proposed Extent of Mechanisation: The lessee plans to purchase some more

machinery in the near future.

Table Extent of Mechanisation

Machine No. HP/Capacity

Compressor 1 75 CFM

Jack Hammer 1 32 mm

Dumper 2 10 tonner

Diesel Pump 1 15 HP

After expansion mine owner proposes to employ mine officials in accordance with the

provisions of the MMR 1961. The workers to be employed are semi-skilled and

unskilled. Most of them will come from the nearby villages. They have enough

experience of working in these minerals.

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The Organizational set up is given below:

Mining Engineer/1st Class/2nd Mines Manager 1 Mines Foreman 1 Mine Surveyor 1 Mining Mate 1 Blaster 1 Excavator Operator and Wagon Drill Operators

5

Compressor & Jack Hammer Operators 8 Helpers 5 Dumper Operator 5 Attendance/record clerk 1 Office assistant 1 Watch man 2 Unskilled Workers 70

Transport from mine head to destination: The consumers’ trucks or their contractors will directly approach to the site of stacking of mineral, where mineral is loaded into trucks or dumpers. The lease area is well connected to Rajasmand and well connected by frequent transport and private bus service. The minerals are directly loaded from the pit head into the trucks. Each truck/dumper is weighed at the nearest Weigh Bridge. The road is maintained by the lessee inside and near his lease area. The transport of waste from the working faces to the respective dumping sites is being done by dumpers/trucks.

2.7 Traffic Density: Methodology Vehicle Count: The vehicles plying in both the directions were counted continuously for 24 hours at two locations. The vehicles were counted every hour and recorded under respective category. The vehicles were categorized under various heads like 2/3 wheelers, Four Wheelers, Buses and Trucks/Tankers. The categorization of the vehicles is necessary because the interference factors vary with type of the vehicle.

Table 2.10 Details of Traffic Monitoring

Code Station Location T1 Kaloda Udaipur to Nathdwara T2 Kaloda Nathdwara to Udaipur

PAGE NO. (22)




Presentation of Results: The present level of traffic has been converted to Passenger

Car Units (PCU) at all the locations as per the conversion factor.

Table 2.11 Recommended PCU factors for various types of vehicles on rural roads

S.No. Vehicle Type Equivalency Factor FAST VEHICLES

1. Motor Cycle or Scooter 0.50 2. Passenger Car, Pick-up Van or Auto-rickshaw 1.00 3. Agricultural Tractor, Light Commercial Vehicle 1.50 4. Truck or Bus 3.00 5. Truck-trailer, Agricultural Tractor-trailer 4.50 SLOW VEHICLES

6. Cycle 0.50 7. Cycle-rickshaw 2.00 8. Hand Cart 3.00 9. Horse-drawn vehicle 4.00 10. Bullock Cart* 8.00

*For smaller bullock-carts, a value of 6 will be appropriate

Table 2.12 Present Traffic Density (Vehicles/per day)

Code Location 2/3 Wheelers

Car/Jeep Buses/ Trucks

Others

T1 Udaipur to Nathdwara 600 300 550 70 T2 Nathdwara to Udaipur 650 350 500 45

Total 1250 650 1050 115 PCU 625 650 3150 518

Increase in traffic density after Increase in production at the mine.

Table 2.13 Traffic Density After Increase in Production (Vehicles/per day)

Code Location 2/3 Wheelers

Car/Jeep Buses/ Trucks

Others

T1 Udaipur to Nathdwara 610 310 555 72 T2 Nathdwara to Udaipur 700 400 550 50

Total 1310 710 1105 122 PCU 655 710 3315 549

5229

4943

PAGE NO. (23)




The overburden generated will be carried to dumping site by vehicle, but there is no

effect on other village or road. As production will increase, the mineral will be carried

out by trucks/or tractors. On an average, 6 trips per hour increase in transportation, the

number of trucks required to ply on the road will increase by about 50 trucks per day.

Table 2.14 Recommended Design Service Volume

Sr. No. Category of Road Maximum PCU/day

1. Intermediate Lane 6000 2. Two lane road 15000

As per Guideline of IRC

That looking to above allowable PCU, we see that there will be no appreciable

increase in soon interference as even after expansion the PCU will remain only 5229,

much below the allowable level for Two Lane Road.

Table -2.15 Phase Wise Conceptual Plan of the core zone (area in hectare)

S. No.

Particulars Existing land use pattern

After five years

At the end of Life period

1. Mining Pits 3.9153 5.5510 43.6592. Overburden 0.5509 1.8730 -3. Top Soil - 0.0960 -4. Roads 0.5415 0.5415 -5. Mineral Stack Yard - 0.0460 -6. Green Belt * 0.30 3.5000 3.5007. Plantation inside lease area * 3.50 5.3000 25.0008. Plantation on waste dump* - - -9. Water Reservoir * 0.500 0.500 38.012010. Reclamation * (Backfilled) - - 5.64711. Total Used Area 5.0077 8.1075 43.65912. Total Unused Area 124.4923 121.3925 85.841

Total 129.5000 129.5000 129.500*The area of this row is not calculated in total.

Presently plantation has been done over an area of 2.20 Hect. outside lease area on waste dump. So Presently total plantation area become 6 Hect.

Note: Natural scattered plants exist in about 15 hectare area.

Table 2.16

PAGE NO. (24)




Post Mining (conceptual) Land Use Pattern of Core Zone

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (Area in hect.) S.No. Particulars Inside

lease in Hect.

Water Body

Public use

Undisturbed Total inside lease area

1. Dump Area - - - - -2. Plantation on Dump - - - - -3. Green belt 7.50 mtr. * 3.500 - - - 3.500

4. Plantation on Non

worked area * 25.00 - - - 25.00

5. Excavation Voids - 38.012 - - 38.012

6. Built up area mineral

storage & Road - - - - -

7. Backfill and plantation 5.647 - - - 5.6478. Undisturbed area - - - 85.841 85.841 Total 5.647 38.012 - 85.841 129.500

*The area of this row is not calculated in total.

Table 2.17 Stagewise Cummulative Plantation

Year Green belt on statuary

boundary

Afforestation (inside lease area)

Outside lease on dump

Inside Backfilled area

Total

Area (hect.)

Trees Area (hect.)

Trees Area (hect.)

Trees Area (hect.)

Trees Area (hect.)

Trees

Existing 0.30 250 3.50 3350 2.20 1400 - - 6.00 5000 1st five

year 3.20 3200 1.80 1800 - - - - 5.00 5000

2nd five years

- - 5.00 5000 - - - - 5.00 5000

3rd five years

- - 5.00 5000 - - - - 5.00 5000

4th five years

- - 5.00 5000 - - - - 5.00 5000

5th five years

- - 4.50 4500 - - - - 4.50 4500

6th five year

- - - - - - 5.50 5500 5.50 5500

Total 3.50 3450 24.80 24650 2.20 1400 5.50 5500 36.00 35000

PAGE NO. (25)




PAGE NO. (26)




3.0 General: This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status

of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study

area covers the area falling within 10 km. radius around the existing mining complex.

The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline

environmental conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-

geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation

pattern, ecology, socio-economic profiles of people, land use. The objective of this

section is to define the present environmental status which would help in assessing the

environmental impacts due to the expansion of mines.

This report incorporates the baselines data monitored from October,2012 to

December,2012. Secondary data was collected from various Government and Semi-

Government organizations. The details of environmental attributes and frequency of

monitoring are presented in Table – 3.1

Study Area: According to M.O.E.F. TOR, the study area for the mining project is as

follows:

Mine lease area is "core zone".

10 km. radius from the boundary limits of the mine lease area would be the "buffer

zone".

Map (appropriate scale) of the study area (core and buffer zones), clearly delineating

the locations of various monitoring stations (air/water/noise/soil), superimposed on

locations of habitats are to be shown.

Monitoring and testing has been done as per guidelines of CPCB/M.O.E.F. Baseline

information have been collected by field surveys, monitoring etc. Secondary data with

source mentioned in the text.

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 33:: DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN OOFF EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT

PAGE NO. (27)




Table No. 3.1 Environmental attributes and frequency of monitoring

Sr. No.

Environmental Component

Sampling Locations

Sampling Parameters

Total Sampling

Period

Sampling Frequency

1. Meteorology One central

location

Temperature Wind

Speed, Wind Direction

Rainfall

Relative Humidity

1 season Hourly

2. Ambient Air

Quality

5 sampling

locations

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & Nox Two days per

week for 3 months

24 hrs.

3. Water Quality 5 sampling

locations

As per IS:10500-1991 Grab sampling Once during study

period

4. Noise 5 sampling

locations

Leq 24 h. composite Once during study

period

5. Soil 5 locations Chemical constituents,

Suitability for

agricultural growth

Composite sample Once during study

period

6. Terrestrial

Ecology

Total study

area

Flora and fauna Field observations Once in study

period

7. Demography and

Socio-economic

aspects

Total study

area

Demographic profile - -

8. Land Use Total study

area

Trend of land use change

for different categories

- -

9. Hydro-Geology Total study

area

Ground water study - -

10 Geology Total study

area

Geological History - -

PAGE NO. (28)




Summary of data collected for various Environmental parameters are as follows:-

3.1 Land Environment: Land use. Drainage pattern. Soil Environment. Test Report.

3.2 Water Environment: Water balance chart Water consumption & source. Ground water graph Ground water recharge Surface water Test Reports

3.3 Air Environment: Wind rose diagram Ambient air quality Frequency & parameters for sampling Duration of sampling Criteria for selection Test reports.

3.4 Noise Environment: Sampling Location Test reports

3.5 Ecological Environment Existing biodiversity Details of terrestrial ecological sampling locations Terrestrial Flora Terrestrial Fauna

3.6 Socio-economic Environment: Demography & socio-economics Methodology adopted for the study Demographic aspects Infrastructure facilities Population table

PAGE NO. (29)




3.7 Base map of all environmental components: Enclosed.

3.1 Land Environment: Since mining is essentially an excavation of mineral ore the land environment is greatly affected by it, especially in the case of opencast mines, effect on the surface land.

Land Use/ Land cover: The existing land use/ land cover pattern in the study area of Buffer zone (10 km. radius) has been studied.

Land use studies: Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an important role in identifying sensitive issues and taking appropriate actions by maintaining 'Ecological Homeostatic' for development of the region.

Objectives: The objectives of land use studies are:

To determine the existing land use pattern in the study area; To analyze the impacts on land use in the study area; and To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis existing

project in the study area and its associated impacts.

Methodology: The land use pattern within 10 km radius area around the lease hold has been studied by analyzing the available secondary data published in the Census Book of Udaipur and Rajsamand Districts.

The land use is classified into four types – viz. forests, area under cultivation, culturable waste and the area not available for cultivation. The land under cultivation is further sub-divided into two types viz. irrigated and un-irrigated.

The study area has been divided into three zones viz. Zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-III respectively. The details of the zones are given in the Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Details of Zones

Study area Zones considered for the study 0-3 km Zone-I

3-7 km Zone-II

7-10 km Zone-III

Land Use in study area based on District Handbook

PAGE NO. (30)




The study area falls in Nathdwara Tehsil of Rajsamand district. There are about 51

villages within 10 km zone around mine lease area. In order to establish the land use

pattern in the study area, the total geographical area of each settlement has been

considered though many villages located in the peripheries of the study block have

been covered partially in the study area. These areas were studied in detail to get the

idea of land use pattern in the study area. The land use pattern for the study area is

given in Table 3.3 and the village-wise land use pattern is presented in Annexure 6.

The study area covers 31400 Hectare within the circle encompassed by 10 km. radius

around the of boundary of existing mine lease, which is considered as the centre of the

study area.

The geographical area of all the settlements is taken into consideration though several

villages are covered partially within the circle (at the periphery) encompassed by 10

km. radius around the existing mine site. Delineation of land uses for partially

covered parts is not possible; hence the entire village area is considered for the study

of land use.

The land use is classified into four types – viz. forests, area under cultivation,

culturable wasteland and the area not available for cultivation. The land under

cultivation is further sub-divided into two type's viz. irrigated and unirrigated.

Table 3.3 Land use pattern of Buffer Zone (area in hectares)

Study area

(radius km)

Geographical Area

Forest Land Under Cultivation

Culturable waste land

Area not available for Cultivation Irrigated

by Source Un

irrigated 0-3 4682.2 523

(11.17%) 737

(15.74%) 421.2

(9.00%) 1995.4

(42.62%) 1005.6

(21.48%) 3-7 8409.0

1008.5

(11.99%) 402.3

(4.78%) 1580.6

(18.80%) 3829.5

(45.54%) 1588.1

(18.89%) 7-10 18550.8 810.5

(4.37%) 1420.6 (7.66%)

3315.3 (17.87%)

5672.3 (30.58%)

7332.1 (39.52%)

Source: District Primary Census Hand Books – Udaipur & Rajsamand districts.

Forest land: The forest is spreading over 2342 ha. area and works out to about 7.40%

of the land in the study area of 10 km. radius from mine lease boundary.

PAGE NO. (31)




Land under cultivation: Altogether 7877.0 ha. land is used for cultivation mostly

under the rain-fed conditions. The total land put to agriculture works out to about

24.90% of the land portion of the study area. The un-irrigated and irrigated land

works out to about 8.10% and 16.80%of the land portion of the study area

respectively.

Culturable Waste Land: This category of land includes mainly cultivable land,

which has not been brought under cultivation at any time. The area under this

category works out to about 11497.2 ha. i.e. 36.33% of the total land in the study area.

Land not available for Cultivation: All the lands not included in the above

categories of land uses are considered in the category of land not available for

cultivation. This category of land use mainly consists of the hilly and barren lands,

human settlements, roads, water-bodies, etc. About 9925.8 ha. area working out to

about 31.37% of the land portion of the study area falls in this category.

Physiography & Drainage: The lease hold area is characterized by rugged terrain

comprising almost bare ridges with moderate to steep hills with a low lying valley,

whereas buffer zone representing highly undulating terrain due to presence of

numerous ridges and vallies. The highest elevation in the Buffer zone is 725 m. amsl

and the lowest elevation in village Molela is 596 m. amsl., on the bank of river Banas.

The lease hold area is located on the southern side of Banas River.

PAGE NO. (32)




Drainage pattern: There are no prominent surface water bodies in the lease hold area

except few small anicut constructed in the lower elevation of the mine. Besides

anicuts, 5-6 Nos. of Sub Surface barriers (S.S.B.) have also been constructed on the

1st order drainage which is passing through the lease hold area in the South eastern

side.

The drainage map reveals that there is a major 'Divide' parallel to the strike of the

formation is NE-SW. Mine area is located in the eastern side of this ‘Divide’ in the

foot hill zone. 1st order drainage is passing through the lease hold area in the eastern

boundary.

Due to its topographical features entire buffer zone is having ‘dendritic drainage’

patterns, except at some areas the radial pattern is also noticed. However two sets of

prominent drainage features are observed in eastern portion. In the North and western

portion a prominent drainage courses passing towards north and ultimately all drains

merge with in the Banas River.

PAGE NO. (33)




PAGE NO. (34)




Soil Environment: It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and

identify the current impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and

also predict impacts, which may arise due to the proposed expansion. Accordingly, a

study of assessment of the baseline soil quality has been carried out.

Data Generation: For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were

selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the mine area representing

various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations

were determined. The samples were collected by ramming an auger into the soil up to

a depth of 90 cm.

The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this

will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the

operation of mine. The sampling locations have been identified with the following

objectives:

• To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;

• To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and

• To determine the impact on soil more importantly from agricultural productivity

point of view.

Soil sampling locations: Five locations within 10-km radius in & around mine site

were selected for soil sampling and analysis. At each location, soil samples were

collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface

and are homogenized. The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and

chemical characteristics.

The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico-

chemical parameters.

The details of the sampling locations are given in Table-3.4. The soil quality at all the

locations during the study period is tabulated in Table-3.4.1

PAGE NO. (35)




Table – 3.4 DETAILS OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR ALL PARAMETERS

Station Code

Name of the Station Distance w.r.t. Mine Site (km)

Direction w.r.t. Mine centre

Present Land Use

S1 Mine Site - - Mine location

S2 Unwas 7.00 North east Agricultural Land

S3 Acchi Bavri 0.50 South west Agricultural Land

S4 Kadmal 6.00 West Agricultural Land

S5 Ghodach 5.00 South Agricultural Land

Table No. 3.4.1

Soil Analysis Results S.No. Parameters Mines Pit Unwas Acchi

Bavri Kadmal Ghodach

1. pH 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.5 7.9 2. Colour Red

Brown Brown Dark

Brown Brown Dark

Brown 3. Calcium as Ca% 0.62 0.32 0.65 0.56 0.38 4. Nitrate as NO3% 0.032 0.025 0.035 0.03 0.022 5. Phosphorus as

P% 0.020 0.060 0.030 0.065 0.062

6. Sodium as Na% 0.31 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.13 7. Potassium as

K% 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.06

8. Conductivity µmho/cm

250 200 510 610 958

9. Sulphate % 0.019 0.011 0.025 0.023 0.032 10. Organic

Carbon% 0.14 0.56 0.39 0.25 0.85

11. Organic Matter%

0.24 0.96 0.67 0.43 1.46

The copy of original test report attached as Annexure 13.

PAGE NO. (36)




Baseline Soil Status:

It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly clayey in the study area. The

common colour of the soil ranged from light brown to dark brown i.e. brownish

block.

It has been observed that the pH of the soil ranges from 7.5 to 7.9 indicating that soil

is neutral to light acidic in nature.

The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 200 to 958 µmho/cm,

with maximum (958µ mho/cm) observed in Ghodach village and with the minimum

(200 µ mho/cm) observed in Unwas village.

The organic carbon value ranges between 0.24 to 1.46%. The maximum value

(1.46%) was observed in Ghodach village (S-5), the minimum value (0.24%) was

observed in mine site (S-1) indicating that the soils are categorized as very less to less

and soils are deficient in organic carbon.

It has been observed that soil is mostly clayey and colour of the soil ranged from

brown to dark brown. pH indicating that soil are neutral to acidic in nature and

electrical conductivity values shows that soils are average and not saline in nature.

The organic carbon and organic matter is less present in the soil. Overall soils are

good to moderate.

3.2 Water Environment: Selected water quality parameter of ground water resources

within 10 km. radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water

environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the renewal of mining operation. The

understanding of the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact

Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate

mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational

resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.

PAGE NO. (37)




A hydrogeological field investigation and base line study was conducted to evaluate

and assess the impact of mining on the regional hydrologeological parameters.

Climate & Rainfall: The lease hold area falls under sub humid condition and semi

arid type of climate prevails in the area. Annual rain fall varies from 321mm (in the

year 2000) to 1004 mm (in the year 2005), with normal annual rainfall of 508.34 mm,

recorded at Nathdwara Tehsil raingauging station.

Table: Rainfall received at Nathdwara Tehsil Raingauging station Source – Nathdwara Tehsil office & G.W.D.

S.No. Year Rainfall in mm. 1. 2000 321 2. 2001 815 3. 2002 339 4. 2003 403 5. 2004 441 6. 2005 1004 7. 2006 774 8. 2007 591 9. 2008 345 10. 2009 595

'Normal Annual' Rainfall is 508.34 mm (1901-2009)

Hydrology: The lease hold area and buffer zone is a part of the large Banas Basin

area, characterised by hilly terrain belonging the Aravalli chain of mountains. All

prominent seasonal water drainage (nallah) in core and buffer area is sloping towards

lowest levels in Northern and eastern side and ultimately merging with river Banas.

No prominent surface water bodies are present in the area except some village ponds

and small anicuts constructed in the low lying areas of drainages.

Hydrogeology & Ground Water: Ground water occurs under water table to semi

confined conditions and is transmitted through fractures, joints and foliations planes

of biotite schist & phyllites and through bedding planes and solution cavities of

dolomite. Biotite schists and Phyllites are impervious in nature and have developed

secondary porosity only due to joints and foliations. Whereas dolomite is some what

pervious in nature, as compared to schist & phyllites. The depth of water in buffer

zone ranges from 10 to 20 metres below the land surface near the river courses,

PAGE NO. (38)




surface water reservoirs and ponds during pre monsoon period, while it is deeper in

the area from 25 to 35 mts. below the land surface. The water levels during post

monsoon period are shallow along the Banas river from less than 10 metres to 25

metres on elevated areas.

The fluctuations due to rainfall and ground water with drawal are significant in the

buffer zone as the rocks have very low fracture porosity and hydraulic conductivity.

Movement of ground water: Ground water movement is controlled mainly by the

hydraulic conductivity of the crystalline metamorphics and hydraulic gradient. The

ground water movement takes place through the fractures and foliations of the

schist/phyllites. A review of the topography and drainage pattern in the buffer zone

reveals that the general slope of the area in Banas basin is towards north, north east.

The ground water movement also follows the topography and is towards the North

and north east.

Nature of hydraulic conductivity: The principal aquifer of the area is schists &

phyllites, the hydraulic conducitivity is developed due to fractures and foliations. The

hydraulic conductivity is very low, less than 1 metre / day. The hydraulic conductivity

in dolomites is much more than schist & phyllites and more than 1 metre/day.

Yield of wells: There are a number of open wells in the buffer zone. Recently,

cultivators have started boring tube wells also for irrigation. Open wells yield meagre

discharge ranging from 25 to 60 m3/day, whereas tube wells yield moderate discharge

ranging from 40 to 100 m3/day, depending on hydraulic conductivity.

PAGE NO. (39)




Ground water level with respect to mining activity: In and around lease. hold area

(in buffer zone) water level varies between 15 – 30 mts. bgl. Mining activities are

going on at 720 m. amsl i.e. 15 mts. below the heighest elevation of mine and it is 10

mts. above ground level.The highest elevation i.e. pit top in mine is at 735 m. amsl

and it is 25 m. agl i.e. general ground level is at 710 m. amsl. The ultimate pit limit of

the mining activities is upto 670 mRL and is 40 m. bgl. The water level in the mine

area (core zone) is 30 – 40 m. below ground level i.e. pre-monsoon water level is 33

mts. bgl and at 677 m. amsl, where as a rise of 4-5 mts. is observed during post-

monsoon water level. Where as the mining is confined at 670 m. amsl i.e. 7 mts.

below the water level.

FIG.:3.2. SECTION SHOWING THE LEVELS OF THE SURFACE, BOTTOM MOST

WORKING, GROUND WATER TABLE ETC.

Ground Water Estimation: Ground water estimation of an area is based on total

recharge, total draft, stage of ground water development and status of ground water

(category) of the area as defined by the guide lines issued by Ground Water

Estimation Committee – 1996.

25 mts. agl

0 mts.

735 mRL Pit Top 720 mRL Present working 10 mts. agl

710 mRL General Ground level 701 mRL After 5 Years

677 mRL Water Level 9 mts. bgl

Fig. 3.2 Not to Scale

33 mts. bgl 670 mRL U.P.L. 40 mts. bgl

750 mRL – Hill Top

PAGE NO. (40)




Ground water recharge is estimated by water level fluctuation approach and by

Rainfall infiltration approach. Variation in recharge calculated by above two methods

will be considered which is less or variation is 20% in positive side; the recharge

through R.I. method considered for all calculation purposes. Like this, total

withdrawal is also calculated by considering details/nos. of existing ground water

abstraction structures for various uses viz:

(a) Drinking/Domestic

(b) Mining/Industrial

(c) Afforestation

(d) Dust Suppression

Besides above recharge, artificial recharge of ground water through various structure

constructed/proposed in the lease area or outside the lease area, is also calculated and

summed-up in the total recharge.

A. Ground water recharge estimation:

A (i) Recharge through water level fluctuation method:

= Area x sp. yield x Fluc.

= 1.2950 sq.kms. x 1.5% x 3 mts.

= 1.2950 x 0.015 x 3

= 0.0582 MCM.

A (ii) Recharge through R.I. method:

= Area x R.I. factor x Normal Rainfall in mts.

= 1.2950 x 8% x 0.5083 mts.

= 1.2950 x 0.08 x 0.5083

= 0.0526 MCM

Remark: Variation in recharge calculated by above two methods is less than 20%,

hence recharge through W.L. fluctuation method has been considered for calculation

purpose i.e. 0.0582 MCM.

PAGE NO. (41)




B. Ground water draft estimation: In the mine area water is required for drinking/domestic purposes. For this a Tube well is constructed in administrative block. The water withdrawn from this tube well is used only for drinking and domestic purposes. Water used for mining activity, afforestation, dust suppression etc. is drawn from the sump/pit or from the check dam constructed in the lower elevation of the mine in NE side of the lease hold area.

B (i) Ground water withdrawal for 100 people @ 10 lit/day for 300 days. = 100 x 10 x 300 days = 300000 litre = 0.0003 MCM

B(ii) Surface water requirement for the mining activities is as below: (a) For drilling activity = 1 KLD (b) For dust suppression = 3 KLD (c) For afforestation = 8 KLD Total consumption is = 12 KLD Yearly consumption is 12 KLD x 300 days = 12000 x 300 days = 3600000 litre = 0.0036 MCM

Remarks: This 0.0036 MCM of water required for mining activity as mentioned above, has been taken from the rain water collected in the sump and check dam constructed in the mine during monsoon period.

B (iii) A sump /pit is constructed with the dimension of 50 x 30 mts. and depth is 6 mts. They clay coating is made in the bottom to prevent the seepage of water. Thus the volume of water stored in the sump will be as follows: Area of sump x depth in mts. = 50 x 30 x 6 mts. = 9000 m3 litre = 9000000 litre = 0.0090 MCM

After evaporation & other losses (20%) 0.0072 MCM of rain water can be used for

mining activities.

PAGE NO. (42)




B (iv).A check dam is also constructed in the North eastern boundary of the mine

area. The check dam is constructed on domite formation which is cavernous in nature.

Besides storage of water, it also recharged the ground water reservoir. The volume of

water stored in the check dam is as below:

= Area of check dam x Av. height

= 100 x 100 x 2 mts.

= 20000 m3

= 0.0200 MCM

After evaporation & other uses (30%) 0.0140 MCM of water can be used for mining

activities. The total volume of the stored surface water in the sump & check dam is as

below:

B (iii) + B (iv)

= 0.0072 + 0.0140 MCM

= 0.0212 MCM

Remarks: 0.0212 MCM of surface water, collected in the monsoon period is used for

mining activities as mentioned above.

C. Ground water balance (in the lease hold area) is as below:

Total Recharge – Total Draft

= 0.05892 – 0.0003 MCM

= 0.0546 MCM

D. Stage of Ground Water Development: The stage of Ground water development in

the lease area is 1.04% and categorized as 'safe'.

E. Findings of the State GWD & CGWB for Buffer zone area: The State Ground

Water Department (GWD) jointly with Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)

computes the status of ground water development for each block (Panchayat Samitee)

every year and publishes the findings once in 3 or four years. The findings of the

GWD & CGWB for the year 2009 have just been released which indicate that the

ground water potential of zone Sc & Ph (N.C.) in which the mine exists comparing

metamorphics (Phyllites & schists) of Badgaon/Khamnor blocks covering 236.77

sq.kms. get ground water recharge of 6.9027 mcm. The withdrawal for irrigation is

7.5720 mcm, indicating the status of ground water development is 109.70% and

PAGE NO. (43)




categorized as over exploited. The GWD has also observed long term decline trend of

water levels during pre and post monsoon periods.

Quality of Ground Water: The quality of ground water is suitable for

drinking/domestic as well as far agriculture purposes. The chemical analysis results of

ground water samples collected during EIA study were compared with standards for

drinking, and found suitable and within the permissible limits as per IS 10500 – 1991.

Water Sampling Locations: Ground water samples covering 10 km radial distance

were drawn & examined for requisite physico-chemical parameters following the

standard procedures in order to assess the effect due to renewal of mining lease and

also due to other activities on water environment. Description of the selected water

sampling stations is given in the Table 3.4. It may be mentioned these sampling

location represent nearly true state of affairs of water environment in and around the

project site.

Quality of Ground Water: The quality of ground water in the mine and buffer zone

area is suitable. The chemical analysis results are appended in the report. The

analysis result shows that ground water is suitable for drinking as well as for

agriculture purposes. No change in quality is observed after mining activities in the

core as well as in buffer zone area as mine pits are not touching ground water level.

Moreover, soapstone itself is an inert mineral and no chemicals or pollutants are used

in its mining, thereby, not leading to any consequential contaminating of ground

water. Results of water analysis are shown in Table 3.5.

PAGE NO. (44)




TABLE- 3.5 WATER ANALYSIS RESULT

S. No.

Parameters Mines Pit Unwas Acchi Bavri

Kadmal Ghodach

1. pH 7.61 7.02 7.09 7.14 7.02 2. Colour Hazen 1 1 1 1 1 3. Conductivity

µmho/cm 560 612 740 792 960

4. Turbidity NTU 0.48 0.76 0.84 1 0.68 5. Total hardness as

CaCO3 mg/l 340 340 330 370 350

6. Chlorides as Cl mg/1

19.11 33 42.43 51.80 89.97

7. Iron as Fe mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 8. Total Dissolved

solid mg/l 396 410 504 515 565

9. Residual free chlorine mg/l

Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

10. Odour Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

11. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l

36.2 30.59 85.59 78.23 55

12. Total alkalinity as CaCO3

270 252 280 304 320

13. Fluoride as Fmg/l 0.24 0.24 0.30 0.3 0.33

14. Nitrate as No3 mg/l

18.18 24.72 20.81 9.18 29.12

15. Sodium as Na mg/l

44 68 51 43 68

16. Potassium as K mg/l

1 2.7 12.5 2.5 12

The copy of original test reports attached as Annexure 11.

The Chemical analysis of water in the mining area and buffer zone was carried out. The

results show that ground water is suitable for Agriculture as well as drinking purposes.

No adverse effect was observed on water quality owing to mining activity in core as well

as Buffer zone.

The mineral Soapstone and Dolomite are inert and innocuous, free from any contaminants

that can cause pollution or undesired contamination.

There is no possibility of pollution at this mine owing to present mining practice.

PAGE NO. (45)




3.3 Air Environment:

Wind Rose Diagram: Wind speed and direction plays a vital role in predicting the

extent of air pollution. It gives a clear view about the extent to which air pollutants are

dispersed and transported in the atmosphere. Wind Rose is the diagrammatic

representation of wind speed in a specific direction with its arms representing sixteen

directions; each arm gives a clear frequency distribution of wind speed. Source of data

is the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), which maintains a network of

meteorological stations at several important locations. The nearest IMD station i.e.

Dabok-Airport is located at about 65 km from mine. Meteorological information

collected from this station is temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed and

direction.

Table No. 3.6 SUMMARY OF IMD data of Dabok

Month Temp. (°C ) Humidity (%) Rainfall

(mm) Min. Max. Min. Max.

October,12 12.5°C 35.4°C 20 88 0.0

November,12 10.2°C 31.0°C 22 86 0.0

December,12 5.3°C 29.2°C 21 91 0.0

PAGE NO. (46)




Table 3.7 Average Frequency table for the month of October’2012, November’2012 and

December’2012 from I.M.D. Udaipur Data (8:30 Morning Time) S.No. Direction Percentage

Nos. of days wind from and speed

(1.5-5 Km/hr)

Percentage Nos. of days wind from and Speed

(6-10 Km/hr)


(11-15 Km/hr)


(>15 Km/hr)

Total percentage Nos. of days wind

from

1. Calm - - - - 10.33 (34.09%) 2. N - 0.33 (1.08) - - 0.33 (1.08%) 3. NE 0.33 (1.08) 0.67 (2.20) - - 1.00 (3.30%) 4. ESE 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08%) 5. E 1.33 (4.39) - - - 1.33 (4.39 %) 6. SE 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %) 7. SSE 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %) 8. S 1.67 (5.51) 0.67 (2.20) - - 2.34 (7.72 %) 9. SW 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %)

10. W 4.67 (15.41) 2.67 (8.81) - - 7.34 (24.22%) 11. WNW 2.67 (8.81) 0.33 (1.08) - - 3.0 (10.00) 12. NW 1.33 (4.39) 1.33 (4.39) 0.67 (2.20) - 3.33 (10.99) 13. VRB 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %)

Fig.3.3: Showing the Wind rose diagram on the basis of data collected from IMD-station Dabok, Udaipur.

PAGE NO. (47)




Table 3.8

Average Frequency table for the month of October’2012, November’2012 and December’2012 from I.M.D. Udaipur Data (17:30 Evening Time)

S.No. Direction Percentage Nos. of days wind from and speed

(1.5-5 Km/hr)


(6-10 Km/hr)


(11-15 Km/hr)


(>15 Km/hr)

Total percentage Nos. of days wind

from

1. Calm - - - - 10.00 (33.00%) 2. N 1.0 (3.30) 0.33 (1.08) - - 1.33 (4.39%) 3. NNE 0.33 (1.08) 0.67 (2.20) - - 1.00 (3.30%) 4. NE 2.67 (8.81) 4.0 (13.2) 0.33 (1.08) - 7.0 (23.10%) 5. ENE 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %) 6. E 2.33 (7.69) 1.0 (3.30) - - 3.33 (10.99 %) 7. SE 0.67 (2.20) 1.67 (5.51) - - 2.34 (7.72 %) 8. S 0.67 (2.20) 2 (6.60) - - 2.67 (8.81 %) 9. SW - 0.33 (1.08) - - 0.33 (1.08 %)

10. W 1 (3.30) 0.33 (1.08) - - 1.33 (4.39 %) 11. NNW 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %) 12. VRB 0.67 (2.20) - - - 0.67 (2.20 %)

Fig.3.4: Showing the Wind rose diagram on the basis of data collected from IMD-station Dabok, Udaipur.

PAGE NO. (48)




Ambient Air Quality:

In order to collecd necessary baseline information related to environment in and

around the mining lease area, an area of km. radius around the periphery of the core

zone was selected. The study area covers mostly the rural area.

Frequency & Parameters of sampling:

Ambient air quality has been carried out with a frequency of 2 days per week at all the

sampling stations during study period. The baseline data of air environment has been

generated for the following parameters:

Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) (PM10)

Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 µm) (PM2.5)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Duration of sampling: The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & NOx is 24

hourly with minimum 24 measurements in three months at a particular site taken

twice a week.

Table-3.9 Details of ambient air quality monitoring

Station Code

Name of the Station

Distance w.r.t. site

(km)

Direction w.r.t. site

Environmental Setting

A1 Mine Site - - Mining Activities A2 Unwas 7.00 NE Rural/Residential activities

area. A3 Acchi Bavri 0.78 E Rural/Residential activities A4 Kadmal 6.10 W Rural/Residential activities A5 Ghodach 4.51 SSW Semi Urban Area

Criteria for selection For Monitoring stations: Primary wind data were collected

from IMD of last 30 years wind speed. In this format Percentage number of days of

Wind direction given in a month. Observations are summarized in Table 3.10 & 3.11.

PAGE NO. (49)




Table No. 3.10 Wind direction in Percentage Days of

last 30 years by IMD Dabok (8:30 Morning Time)

Month Wind speed with Direction in percentage days N NE E SE S SW W NW CALM

October 3 1 0 0 1 1 3 3 88 November 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 95 December 5 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 86

Total 10 3 1 0 1 2 7 7 269

Table No. 3.11 Wind direction in Percentage Days of

last 30 years by IMD Dabok (17:30 Morning Time)

Month Wind speed with Direction in percentage days N NE E SE S SW W NW CALM

October 5 6 4 2 4 9 11 7 52 November 1 5 6 3 2 3 4 3 73 December 3 7 10 2 3 8 4 2 63

Total 9 18 20 7 9 20 19 12 188

Generally light to moderate wind speed prevails throughout the year. Wind speed is

weak and moderate particularly during the morning hours, while in the afternoon

hours the wind speed is stronger.

Pre dominant Wind Direction: A study of table No. 3.10 & 3.11 shows that:

(i) The first pre dominant wind direction is from W to E. (ii) The second pre dominant wind direction is from SW to NE. (iii) The third pre dominant wind direction wind direction is from NE to SW as well as

from E to W.

Details of the Sampling Locations:

• AAQ-1: Mine Site: it is located within the core zone. Thus wind direction has not be

taken in the count.

• AAQ-2: Unwas: it is located near village unwas. The station lies in the upwind

direction. In the first pre dominant upwind direction. It is at a distance of about 7km in

the NE of mine site. The station is located at the highest point of residential building at a

height of about 4.5m from the ground level.

PAGE NO. (50)




• AAQ-3: Acchi Bavri: it is located near village Acchi bavri in the first pre dominant

downwind direction. It is at a distance of 0.78km in the E of the mine. This station also is

at the top of a residential building at a height of about 4.5m from the ground level. The

surrounded by agricultural fields.

• AAQ-4: Kadmal: it is located in the second pre dominant downwind direction near

village kadmal, at a distance of 6.10km in the W of the mine site. The station is at the top

of the residential building at a height of 5.0m from the ground level. The village is

surrounded by open scrub & agricultural fields.

• AAQ-5: Ghodach: The fifth & the last monitoring station is situated in the village

Godach. It is in the second pre dominant downwind direction. It is at a distance of about

4.51km in the SSW of the mine. The station is located on the roof of a shop at a height

about 6m from the ground level.

Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results: Air samples covering 10 km. radial distance

were examined for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx parameters in order to assess the effect of

expansion of mining operations and other activities on air. The air sampling locations and

summary of results are shown in Table 3.12 on foregoing page.

Instruments used for Sampling: Respirable Dust Samplers APM-460 BL & Fine

Particulate Sampler APM 550 instruments have been used for monitoring PM10, PM2.5, SO2

and NOx.

PAGE NO. (51)




Table 3.12 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results

PARAMETERS Location

Mines

pit

Unwas

Acchi

Bavri

Kadmal

Ghodach

PM10

(µg/m3)

Max. 67.8 56.7 62.4 60.2 43.7

Min. 59.4 47.7 57.8 54.9 29.7

Avg. 63.19 53.15 60.13 57.37 39.8

PM2.5

(µg/m3)

Max. 26.8 22.7 24.3 22.6 16.2

Min. 21.2 19.1 18.2 16.4 13.7

Avg. 24.43 20.43 21.74 19.3 14.93

SO2

(µg/m3)

Max. 7.9 6.7 7.4 6.9 6.3

Min. 5.9 5.1 5.7 5.5 4.3

Avg. 6.87 5.98 6.6 6.18 5.33

NOx

(µg/m3)

Max. 25.5 19.2 21.7 20.3 20.1

Min. 20.2 15.8 16.5 16.2 14.1

Avg. 22.5 17.39 19.65 18.27 15.4

The Copy of Original analysis report is attached as Annexure 10.

PAGE NO. (52)




Fig.3.5- Showing Concentration of PM10 (µg/m3) on OY- axis

Fig.3.6- Showing Concentration of PM2.5 (µg/m3) on OY- axis

Fig.3.7- Showing Concentration of SO2

(µg/m3) on OY- axis Fig.3.8- Showing Concentration of NOX (µg/m3) on OY- axis

PAGE NO. (53)




Fig 3.9 Graph Showing Trend of Ambient Air Quality Parameters (µg/m3)

PAGE NO. (54)




3.4 Noise Environment: The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as

function of frequency. Noise in general is sound which is composed of many

frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency

range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the

response of an average human to a complex sound made up to various frequencies at

different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A

weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range

of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of

noise according to the response of a human ear.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent, or continuous in nature).

It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously

varying in loudness;

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in

residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which

determines the loudness and period of exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise

Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The

environmental impact assessment of noise from the mine operations, vehicular traffic

can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage

to hearing, physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses.

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline

noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated after the

expansion of existing mining activities.

PAGE NO. (55)




Identification of Sampling Locations: A preliminary reconnaissance survey has

been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noises at

different noise generating sources have been identified based on the activities in the

village area and ambient noise due to traffic.

Method of Monitoring: Sound Pressure Level (SPL) was measured at all the

monitoring locations. The readings were taken for every hour 24 hours. The day noise

levels have been monitored from 6 am to 10 pm and night levels from 10 pm to 6 am at

all the locations covering study area of 10 km radius.

The noise level at each location was recorded for 24 hours. The monitoring has been

done as per guidelines. The Noise monitoring stations and the results are shown in

Table 3.13.

TABLE- 3.13 AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL

Location of sampling station

Noise level(leq) *, dB(A) Zone Day Time

Night Time

Mine Site 66.1 51.2 Mining

Unwas 48.3 39.1 Rural/Residential Acchi Bavri 49.9 41.2 Rural/Residential

Kadmal 52.3 42.6 Rural/Residential Ghodach 56.3 40.4 Rural/Residential

*The Copy of Original test report attached as Annexure 12.

Baseline Noise Status: Perusal of noise monitoring data indicates that noise level at

the mine site is 66.1 dB(A) during day time and 51.2 dB(A) during night time, and

these levels are well within the standard limits. Daytime noise levels at all the four

monitoring stations are well within the statutory limit of 55 dB(A), showing only

marginally higher values than the stipulated the value of 55 dB(A) for residential

areas. Night time noise levels at all the 4 monitoring stations vary from 39.1 to 42.6

dB(A). However, all due precautions will be taken during mining operations in

general and blasting operations in particular to further contain noise levels at the mine

site.

PAGE NO. (56)




3.5 Ecological Environment

Existing Biodiversity

Introduction: A natural ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of nature. It has

components, which exists in harmony and survives by interdependence. Ecosystems

have self-sustaining ability and control the numbers of organisms at any level by

cybernetic rules. The effects of this are that an ecosystem does not become

unbalanced.

Considering the bio-diversity of organisms, their role in productivity and their

importance in human livelihood, it is vital to protect and safeguard these dynamic

ecosystems. Vegetation-Environment complex based on the mature ecosystem having

interaction with climatological aspects on a particular edaphic system, leads to

identification of certain patterns of the forest or vegetation composition.

An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to

listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial and

Aquatic ecosystem) conditions. Considering the bio-diversity of organisms and their

role in productivity and their importance in human livelihood, it is vital to protect and

safeguard these dynamic ecosystems.

Objectives of Ecological Studies: The present study was undertaken with the following

objectives:

To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around mine site.

To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the mine lease area.

To assess the distribution of animal life spectra.

To ascertain migratory routes of fauna and possibility of breeding grounds.

To assess land use of study area delineating forest area, agricultural land, grazing land,

water bodies, human settlement and other ecological features.

Identification of Protected areas as per Wildlife protection act, 1972 if any existing and

proposed in study area.

PAGE NO. (57)




Methodology Adopted for the Survey:

The different methods adopted were as follows:

Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature

and Government agencies.

Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area.

Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and

their uses.

The present report gives the review of published secondary data and the results of field

sampling conducted.

(i) Review of Secondary Published Data: Rajasthan is the largest state of India located

in the north-western part of India It lies between latitudes 23o3' to 30o12' north and

longitudes 69o30' to 78o17' east. The state is bounded by Pakistan in the west and the

north-west; by the state of Punjab in the north; by Haryana in the north-east; by Uttar

Pradesh in the east; by Madhya Pradesh in the south-east and Gujarat in the south-west.

It is one of the few states of India that show great contrast from one area to another. The

state may be divided into 6 regions:

(1) Western arid region

(2) Semi-arid region

(3) South-eastern region

(4) Chambal ravines

(5) Aravalli region and

(6) Eastern region.

The most striking geological feature of Rajasthan is the Aravalli range the oldest

mountain range in the world, which intersects the state end to end from north-east to

south-west diagonally, covering about 30 per cent area of the state.

The climate of the state varies from semi-arid to arid. Marked variations in diurnal and

seasonal range of temperature occur at all places in the state, exhibiting the most

characteristic phenomenon of the warm-dry continental climate. There are two forest

types namely, Tropical Dry Deciduous and Tropical Thorn forest. Forests are mostly

confined in eastern and southern parts of the state. Udaipur region is located at bio-

geographically pivotal position. The South-west extreme of it belongs to humid to

PAGE NO. (58)




sub-humid southern plains of Aravalli and also some fringes of Vindhyan system. It

comprises Tropical dry decidious forest. The geographical limits of the region vary

from arid to sub-humid. The area specifically falls under both the rain systems, i.e.

from Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, resulting into higher rainfall as far as rest of

state is concerned.

(ii) Primary Survey: Terrestrial ecology status

The primary data was generated through:

1. Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the area, along the road side,

waste lands, forest blocks and Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite Mine lease area.

This would indicate the biodiversity for wild and cultivated plants. The plants so

encountered were classified into life form spectrum according to the classification of

Raunkiaer's classification of life form spectrum.

2. Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random

readings at every location.

3. Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows,

pugmarks and other signs.

4. Carrying out physical observation from village area and in and around mine lease areas

one during day time and other during night time for terrestrial fauna.

PAGE NO. (59)




a. Terrestrial Flora: Primary Survey

An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to

listing of species & assessment of the existing baseline ecological conditions. There is

no wildlife sanctuary in the study area. Tables 3.14 & 3.15 give the details of flora

present in the buffer and core zones respectively. The Table- 3.23 gives details of

fauna of the study area.

Terrestrial Flora: Detailed survey was conducted to study the flora of study area

(Core zone and buffer zone) which is enumerated in Table 3.14 & 3.15.

Table 3.14

List of plants found growing in the core zone of the project area

S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form

Herb 1. Echinops echinatus

Roxb. Asteraceae

Oont-Kateli Ch

2. Adhatoda zeylanica Medic.

Acanthaceae Adusa Ph

3. Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk) Burmmit.

Acanthaceae Atrilal Th

4. Lindenbergia muraria (Roxb. ex D. Don.) Bruehl.

Scrophulariaceae Patthar-chatti Th

5. Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Ratanjot Ph 6. Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Dhatura Ch 7. Ottelia alsimoides Pers. Hydrocharitaceae

Santawa Th

8. Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke

Scorphulariaceae

Missi Th

9. Solanum virginianum L. Solanaceae Kateri Th

10. Digera muricata (L.) Mart.

Amaranthaceae Latmahuria Th

11. Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.

Amaranthaceae Chirchitta Th

12. Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Akal kohadi Th

PAGE NO. (60)




S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form 13. Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Jangli pudina Th 14. Martynia annua L. Martyniaceae Bagh-nakhi Th 15. Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Liliaceae Gawar patha Ph 16. Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Jangli chaulai Th 17. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Kanta chaulai Th 18. Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae Makoi Th 19. Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Cocks comb Th 20. Parthenium

hysterophorus L. Asteraceae Gajjar ghas Th

21. Leucas aspera (Willd.)Link.

Lamiaceae Chhota halkusa Th

22. Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Rasbhari Th 23. Phyla nodiflora (L.)

Green Verbenaceae Jal buti Th

24. Cleome viscose L. Capparidaceae Bagra Th 25. Lepidagathis trinervis

Wall. ex Nees. Acanthaceae Pathar phor Th

26. Dicliptera verticillata (Forsk.) Christens

Acantahaceae - Th

Shrubs 27. Abutilon indicum(L.)

Sweet Malvaceae Kanghi Ph

28. Maytenus senegalensis (Lamk.)Exell.

Celastraceae Malkangni Ch

29. Dyerophytum indicum (Gibs. ex Wt.) O.Ktze.

Plumbaginaceae - Ph

30. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Nirgundi Ph 31. Calotropis procera

(Ait.)R.Br. Asclepidaceae Akra Ch

32. Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) O. Ktze. var. rothiana O. Kuntze

Lamiaceae Ghodegui Th

33. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W.and A.

Rhamnaceae

Jhar Ber Ch

34. Euphorbia caducifolia Haines

Euphorbiaceae Danda thor Th

35. Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Pax

Capparidaceae

Kair Ph

PAGE NO. (61)




S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form 36. Ziziphus nummularia

(Burm.f.) W.and A. Rhamnaceae Jhar Ber Ch

Climber 37. Mucuna pruriens

(L.)DC. Fabaceae Kaunch Th

Trees 38. Azadirachta indica A.

Juss. Meliaceae Neem Ph

39. Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd.

Mimosaceae

Jeera Ph

40. Tecomella undulata (Sm.)Seem.

Bignoniaceae Rohiro Ph

41. Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.

Fabaceae Palas, Dhak Ph

42. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Maha nimba Ph 43. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Pipal Ph 44. Holoptelea integrifolia

(Roxb.) Planch Ulmaceae Papri Ph

45. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.

Myrtaceae Safeda Ph

46. Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.

Rhamnaceae Ber Ch

47. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.

Myrtaceae Safeda Ph

48. Cassia siamea Lamk. Caesalpiniaceae Kassod Ph 49. Pithecellobium dulce

(Roxb.) Benth. Mimosaceae Jangal Jalebi Ph

50. Parkinsonia aculeata L. Fabaceae Jelly bean tree Ph 51. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Am Ph

Grasses 52. Aristida adscensionis L.

var. adscensionis L. Poaceae Needle grass He

53. Apluda mutica L. Poaceae Tachula He 54. Brachiaria ramose (L.)

Stapf. Poaceae Browntop millet He

55. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. Poaceae Bhurat He 56. Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Purpletop

chloris He

57. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.

Poaceae Dub He

58. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.

Poaceae Jangali marua He

59. Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult.

Poaceae Bunch spear grass

He

PAGE NO. (62)




Ph= Phanerophytes, Ch= Chamaephytes, He= Hemicryptophytes, Cr= Cryptophytes, Th= Therophytes, Epi= Epiphytes

Table 3.15

List of plants found growing in the buffer zone of the project area


Herb 1. Alternanthera pungens

H.B.K. Amaranthaceae Khaki Weed Th

2. Alternanthera sessilis (L.)R.Br.

Amaranthaceae Garundi Th

3. Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.)Benth.

Scrophulariaceae Purple Mudwort Th

4. Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Akal kohadi Th 5. Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Dudhi Th 6. Leucas urticifolia R.Br. Lamiaceae Th 7. Adhatoda zeylanica

Medic. Acanthaceae Adusa Ph

8. Ocimum basilicum L. Lamiaceae Marua Th 9. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Lamiaceae Tulsi Th 10. Acanthospermum

hispidum DC. Asteraceae Bristly Starbur Th

11. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.

Scorphulariaceae

Brahmi Th

12. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Asteraceae Bhringaraj Th 13. Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Liliaceae Gawar patha Ph 14. Solanum virginianum L. Solanaceae Kateri Th 15. Euphorbia geniculata

Orteg. Euphorbiaceae Wild spurge Th

16. Echinops echinatus Roxb.

Asteraceae

Oont-Kateli Ch

17. Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Jangli chaulai Th 18. Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Cocks

comb Th

19. Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Satyanasi Th 20. Martynia annua L. Martyniaceae Bagh-nakhi Th 21. Kickxia ramosissima

(Wall.) Janchen. Scrophulariaceae Banwel Ch


PAGE NO. (63)




22. Acanthospermum hispidum DC.

Asteraceae Bristly Starbur Th

23. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke

Malvaceae Kharenti Ch

24. Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Rasbhari Th 25. Zinnia elegans Jacq. Asteraceae Zinnia Th 26. Peristrophe paniculata

(Forssk) Burmmit. Acanthaceae Atrilal Th

27. Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Andhi jhara Th 28. Aerva persica (Burm. F.)

Merill Amaranthaceae Bui Ph

29. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Prickly Amaranth

Th

30. Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Cockscomb Th 31. Digera muricata (L.)

Mart. Amaranthaceae Latmahuria Th

32. Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.

Amaranthaceae Chirchitta Th

33. Xanthium strumarium L. Asteraceae Chota gokhuru Ch 34. Alternanthera

paronychioides A. St.-Hilaire

Amaranthaceae Smooth Chaff Flower

Th

35. Alternanthera pungens H.B.K.

Amaranthaceae Khaki Weed Th

36. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br.

Amaranthaceae Garundi Th

37. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.

Scrophulariaceae Brahmi Th

38. Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle

Hydrocharitaceae

Water thyme Th

39. Melhania futteyporensis Munro ex Mast.

Sterculiaceae - Th

40. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Kanta chaulai Th Shrubs

41. Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Ramphal Ph 42. Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Ratanjot Ph 43. Turnera ulmifolia L. Turneraceae Yellow Alder Ph 44. Rhus mysurensis G.Don. Anacardiaceae Daansra Ph 45. Prosopis chilensis

(Molina) Stuntze Mimosaceae Vilayati Babul Ph

PAGE NO. (64)




46. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W.and A.

Rhamnaceae Jhar-beri Ch

47. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.

Asclepiadaceae

Aak Ch

48. Calotropis gigantea R.Br.

Asclepiadaceae Safed aak Ch

49. Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae Pencil Tree Th

50. Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae Vajradanti Ch 51. Boerhaavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae

Sathi Ch

52. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae

Arandi Ph

Climber 53. Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Patha Ch 54. Cayratia trifolia (L.)

Domin. Vitaceae Amalbel Ph

55. Basella rubra L. Chenopodiaceae Lal-bachlu Ph 56. Cryptostegia

grandiflora (Roxb.)R.Br. ex Lindl.

Asclepiadaceae Dudhel Th

57. Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC.

Fabaceae Kaunch Th

Trees 58. Acacia nilotica (L.)

Willd.ex Del. Mimosaceae Babul Ph

59. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Am Ph 60. Acacia leucophloea

(Roxb.) Willd. Mimosaceae

Jeera Ph

61. Acacia senegal (L.)Willd.

Mimosaceae

Kumbhat Ph

62. Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch

Ulmaceae Papri Ph

63. Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Rakta Kanchan Ph 64. Butea monosperma

(Lamk.) Taub. Fabaceae Palas, Dhak Ph

65. Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Meliaceae Neem Ph

66. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Maha nimba Ph 67. Ziziphus mauritiana

Lamk. Rhamnaceae Ber Ch

PAGE NO. (65)




S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form 68. Pithecellobium dulce

(Roxb.) Benth. Mimosaceae Jangal Jalebi Ph

69. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Aonla Ph 70. Wrightia tinctoria

(Roxb.)R.Br. Apocynaceae Dudhi Ph

71. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar Ph 72. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Pipal Ph 73. Phoenix sylvestris (L.)

Roxb. Arecaceae Khajur Ph

74. Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis

Mimosaceae Subabul Ph

75. Santalum album L. Santalaceae Chandan Ch 76. Pongamia pinnata (L.)

Pierre Fabaceae Karanj Ph

77. Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf.

Caesalpiniaceae Gulmohar Ph

78. Boswellia serrata Roxb. Burseraceae Salar/ Salai Ph 79. Madhuca indica Gmel. Sapotaceae Mahua Ph 80. Limonia acidissima L. Rutaceae Kaith Ph 81. Syzygium cumini (L.)

Skeels. Myrtaceae Jamun Ph

82. Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. Fabaceae Shisham Ph 83. Eucalyptus citriodora

Hook. Myrtaceae Safeda Ph

Sedges 84. Cyperus difformis L. Cyperaceae Small flower

umbrella-sedge He

85. Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Nut grass He 86. Fimbristylis dichotoma

(L.) Vahl. Cyperaceae Two rowed rush He

Grasses 87. Aristida adscensionis L.

var. adscensionis L. Poaceae Needle grass He

88. Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst.

Poaceae - He

89. Acrachne racemosa (Heyne ex. Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi

Poaceae Goosegrass He

90. Apluda mutica L. Poaceae Tachula He S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form

PAGE NO. (66)




91. Brachiaria ramose (L.) Stapf.

Poaceae Browntop millet He

92. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. Poaceae Bhurat Th 93. Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae Dhaman Th 94. Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Purpletop

chloris He

95. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Dub He 96. Dactyloctenium aegyptium

(L.)Willd. Poaceae Makra He

97. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae Jangali marua He 98. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P.

Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult. Poaceae Bharbhusi He

99. Hackelochloa granularis (L.) O. Ktze.

Poaceae Kangni He

100. Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult.

Poaceae Bunch spear grass

He

101. Sporobolus diander (Retz.) P. Beauv.

Poaceae Lesser drop seed He

Ph= Phanerophytes, Ch= Chamaephytes, He= Hemicryptophytes, Cr= Cryptophytes, Th= Therophytes, Epi= Epiphytes

PAGE NO. (67)




Life Form Spectrum: - Plants are classified according to Raunkier (1934) life form classes.

The classification system of Raunkier is based on the growing points or bud position of

plants, which renew plant growth during the favorable environmental conditions. Raunkier

life form classes are as follow:-

Table 3.16 Represent the Raunkier life form classes:

Phanerophytes (Ph) (Gr. phanero= Visible)

Growth points are located on upright shoots, much above from ground level eg. Deciduous tree and shrubs. These are further divided into 4 groups- megaphanerophytes (Mg), mesophanerophytes(Ms), microphanerophytes (Mc) and nanophanerophytes (N).

Chamaephytes (Ch) (Gr.chamai=close to the ground)

Chamaephytes have their perennating buds or shoots definitely above the soil surface but lower than about 25 cm. so that these buds can be protected by fallen leaves or snow during the unfavorable seasons. e.g. low bushes, creeping herbs.

Hemicryptophytes (He) (Gr.hemi=half; crypto=hidden)

Renewal buds at the surface of the ground where they are protected by soil and leaves e.g. grasses, sedges and rosette plants.

Cryptophytes (Cr ) (Crypto= hidden plants)

Cryptophytes have their buds beneath the substratum, in the soil/ water or in the soil under the water. They are consequently, much more protected than plants whose perennating buds are on the surface or elevated into the air. Raunkiaer recognized three principal subdivisions: (a) Geophytes (b) Hydrophytes (C) Helophytes e.g. bulbs, corms, rhizomes

Therophytes (Th) (Annual plants)

Annuals, with a complete life cycle from seed to seed during one season, surviving unfavorable periods (cold and dry seasons) as seeds.

Epiphytes (Epi) (Gr. epi=above; phyton=plant)

Epiphyte grows on or attached to other living plants (such as tree).

During field survey, maximum 101 plant species are recorded from the study area. Tables 3.14 and 3.15 lists all the species recorded in the study area. Their analysis is presented in Table-3.17 and Fig 3.10.

Table3.17 Showing Life Form Spectra in the Study area

PAGE NO. (68)




S. NO. Life form class No. of Species Percentage (%) 1 Phanerophytes (Ph) 35 34.65 2. Chamaephytes (Ch) 12 11.88 3. Hemicryptophytes (H) 16 15.84 4. Cryptophytes (Cr ) 0 0 5. Therophytes (Th) 38 37.63 6. Epiphytes (Epi) 0 0

Total 101 100

Figure 3.10. Graphic representation of Life Form Spectra in the study area. Therophytes are dominant with 38 species (37.63%) follwed by phenerophytes with

35 species (34.65%), Hemicryptophytes with 16 species (15.84%), Chamaephytes

with 12 species (11.88%), Cryptophytes, and Epiphytes are not found in the study

area (Table 3.15 and Fig.3.10).

Presence of large number of phanerophytes (shrubs and trees) and therophytes (annuals

or herbaceous vegetation) indicates semiarid to tropical vegetation structure.

Hemicryptophytes (predominantly grasses and sedges) were found to be significant in

the area. These indicate fertile and wet soil in upper layer of soil profile. Hydrophytes

were present in both the seasonal and perennial water bodies.

Cryptophytes (Cr ) 0%

Hemicryptophytes (H) 15.84 %

Chamaephytes(Ch) 11.88 %

Phanerophytes (Ph) 34.65 %

Epiphytes (Epi) 0 %

Therophytes (Th) 37.63 %

PAGE NO. (69)




Cultivated plants: The area experiences insufficient rainfall and, in addition to that

underground water is also drawn for farming purpose. Due to the presence of

abundant underground water almost every farmer is able to take two crops both of

Kharif as well as Rabi. A number of crops and vegetable plants fruit trees and

condiments are grown in the area Table 3.19, 3.20 & 3.21. Survey of the area and

dialogue with the local farmers revealed that the following plants are mainly grown in

these fields.

TABLE-3.18 Crops ( Kharif and Rabi) are growing in the study area by farmers

S.No. English

Name

Family Botanical Name Common Name

1. Wheat Poaceae Triticum aestivum L. Gehun

2. Sorghum Poaceae Sorghum vulgare Pers. Jowar

3. Maize Poaceae Zea mays L. Makka/ Bhutta

4. Gram Fabaceae Cicer arietinum L. Chana

5. Mustard Brassicaceae Brassica campestris L. Sarson

6. Peanut Fabaceae Arachis hypogaea L. Moongphali

Table-3.19

The common vegetables grown in the area S.

No. English Name Botanical Name Family Common

Name 1. Ladies Finger Abelmoschus esculentus L. Malvaceae Bhindi 2. Pea Pisum sativum L. Fabaceae Matar 3. Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Fabaceae Methi 4. Spinach Spinacia oleracea L. Chenopodiaceae Palak 5. Radish Raphanus sativus L. Brassicaceae Mooli 6. Vegetable sponge Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. Cucurbitaceae Lauki 7. Vegetable sponge Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Torai 8. Bitter gourd Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Karela 9. Onion Allium cepa L. Liliaceae Piaz 10. Garlic Allium sativum L. Liliaceae Lehsun 11. Lablab Bean Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Fabaceae Sem 12. Tomato Solanum esculentum L. Solanaceae Tamatar 13. Capsicum Capsicum frutescence L. Solanaceae Mirch

PAGE NO. (70)




14. Egg plant Solanum melongena L. Solanaceae Baingan

Table 3.20 Common Fruit trees in the area are

S.No. English Name

Family Botanical Name Common Name

1. Custard apple

Annonaceae Annona squamosa L. Sharifa, Sitaphal

2. Karaunda Apocynaceae Carissa congesta L. Karonda 3. Guava Myrtaceae Psidium guayava L. Amrood 4. Indian jujube Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.

Ber

5 Red date Rhamnaceae Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W.and A.

Jhar-beri

Table- 3.21

Crops yielding condiments are also grown in the area. These are as following: S.No. Common

Name Botanical Name Family English

Name 1. Dhania Coriandrum sativum L. Apiaceae Coriander 2. Saunf Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae Fennel 3. Methi Trigonella foenum-graecum

L. Fabaceae Fenugreek

4. Adrak Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae Ginger 5. Haldi Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Turmeric 6. Arvi Colocasia esculenta (L.)

Schott Araceae Green Taro

Table- 3.22 The common pulses grown in the area are

S. No. Common Name Botanical Name English Name

1. Arhar Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Pigeon Pea

2. Masur Lens culinaris Medic. Lentil 3. Chawla Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp. Cow pea

The main tree species include those of Butea monosperma (Palas, Dhak), Ailanthus

excelsa (Maha nimba), Acacia nilotica (Babul) and Acacia leucophloea (Jeera). These

are associated with Calotropis procera, Jatropha curcas, Euphorbia caducifoilia and

Euphorbia tircualli (Plate-1-4).

PAGE NO. (71)




Maize is the major cereal crop grown in the area and Wheat is also cultivated (Table-

3.18 ). People stock the stem of maize and husk of Wheat which is used as fodder for

livestock. Arhar, Masur and Chawla are leguminous crops grown in the study area

(Table-3.22). These are raised with their local seeds. Sarson are grown as oil seed

crops.

Ailanthus excelsa, Annona squamosa, Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma,

Dalbergia sissoo, Delonix regia, Delonix regia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Jacaranda

mimosifolia, Jatropha curcas, Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus mauritiana, Acacia

leucophloea are planted on non active dump around the mine site by mine proponent

(Plate-1).

Terrestrial-Fauna-Primary Survey: Wildlife being an important strand in the

complex food web in most of the forest ecosystems, its status symbolizes the functioning

efficiency of the entire ecosystem. The forest management therefore, cannot be isolated

from wood exploration and wild life conservation in the same vulnerable vegetation

complex. Just as wild flora needs special treatment for preservation and growth, wild

fauna as well deserves specific conservatory pursuits for posterity. Wild animals move

from one place to another place in search of food, water and other basic need. During the

drought period or dry period, wild animals may visit the villages for search of food. The

broad spectrum of colorful fauna is fading and some species are facing extinction.

Field studies were conducted in 10-km radius area to identify the presence of any

endangered animal species. In the terrestrial fauna, mammals, birds, reptiles,

amphibians and butterflies have been studied in order to evaluate the possible

environmental impact on them. 96 animal species recorded/observed during period. A

total of mammals 13 sp., birds 55 sp., reptiles 10 sp., amphibians 5 sp., and butterflies

13 sp. have been recorded in the study area. Distribution and abundance of the study

groups revealed that the area had reasonably good biodiversity.

PAGE NO. (72)




• Fauna in Study Area (10-km radius from Project Site)

96 species observed/recorded during study period. The details of wild animals in

project site area and their conservation status as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 are

presented in Table 3.23.

PAGE NO. (73)




Table -3.23 Details of wild animals observed in study area

Sr. No. Biological Name Common Name Conservation as per Wildlife Protection

Act, 1972 Birds

1. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Sch-IV 2. Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Sch-IV 3. Anhinga melanogaster Darter Sch-IV 4. Anthus

novaesceelandiae Paddyfield Pipit Sch-IV

5. Apus affinis Indian House Swift Sch-IV 6. Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Sch-IV 7. Athene brama Spotted Owlet Sch-IV 8. Aythya ferina White Eyed Pochard Sch-IV 9. Bubo bubo Indian Great Horned

Owl Sch-IV

10. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Sch-IV 11. Caprimulgus asiaticus Common Indian

Night Jar Sch-IV

12. Centropus sinensis Crow Pheasant Sch-IV 13. Circus macrourus Pale Harrier Sch-IV 14. Columba liviba Rock Pigeon Sch-IV 15. Copsychus saularis Magpie Robin Sch-IV 16. Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Sch-IV 17. Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle Crow Sch-IV 18. Corvus splendens House Crow Sch-IV 19. Dendrocitta vagabunda Tree Pie Sch-IV 20. Dicrurus adsimilis Black Drongo Sch-IV 21. Dicrurus caerulescens White Bellied Drongo Sch-IV 22. Dinopium benghalense Golden Backed

Woodpecker Sch-IV

23. Egretta garzetta Little Egret Sch-IV 24. Eremoptrerix grisea Ashy Crowned Finch

Lark Sch-IV

25. Eudynamys scolopacea Eurasian Koel Sch-IV

PAGE NO. (74)





Act, 1972 26. Gallinula chloropus Moor Hen Sch-IV 27. Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike Sch-IV 28. Lanius schach Black Headed Shirke Sch-IV 29. Lonchura striata Spotted Munia Sch-IV 30. Merops Orientalis Green bee eater Sch-IV 31. Milvus migrans Common Kite Sch-IV 32. Mirafra erythroptera Bush Lark Sch-IV 33. Motacilla

maderaspatensis Pied Wagtail Sch-IV

34. Museicapa thalassina Verditer Flycatcher Sch-IV 35. Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird Sch-IV 36. Orthotomus sutorius Tailor Bird Sch-IV 37. Otus bakkamoena Collared scope Owl Sch-IV 38. Passer domesticus House Sparrow Sch-IV 39. *Pavo cristatus Peafowl Part-I of sch-I 40. Perdicula argoondah Rock Bush Quil Sch-IV 41. Phalacrocorax nigre Little Coromorant Sch-IV 42. Ploceus philippinus Weaver Bird Sch-IV 43. Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet Sch-IV 44. Psittacula krameri Rose Ringed Parakeet Sch-IV 45. Pycnonotus cafer Redvented Bulbul Sch-IV 46. Rhaipidura albicollis White Throated

Fantail Flycatcher Sch-IV

47. Sterna albifrons Indian River Tern Sch-IV 48. Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Sch-IV 49. Sturnus contra Pied Myna Sch-IV 50. Sturnus pagodarum Black Headed Myna Sch-IV 51. Tringa hypoleucoos Common Sandpiper Sch-IV 52. Turdoides striatus Jungle Babbler Sch-IV 53. Tylo alba Barn Owl Sch-IV

PAGE NO. (75)





Act, 1972 54. Vanellus indicus Redwattled Lapwing Sch-IV 55. Vanellus malarbaricus Yellow Wattled

Lapwing Sch-IV

Reptiles 56. Bungarus candidus Common Krait Sch-IV 57. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Sch-IV 58. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Chameleon Sch-II of II 59. Daboia russelli Russell’s Viper Sch-II of II 60. Hemidactylus

flaviviridis House Gecko Sch-IV

61. Mabuya dissimilis Common Skink Sch-IV 62. Naja naja Indian Cobra Sch-II of II 63. Natrix piscator Water Snake Sch-IV 64. Ptyas mucosus Rat Snake Sch-III 65. Varanus benghalensis Bengal Monitor Sch-I

Butterflies 66. Papilio demoleus Lime Butterfly Sch- IV 67. Papilio polytes Common Marmon Sch-IV 68. Eurema hecabe Common Grass

Yellow Sch-IV

69. Ixias pyrence Yellow Orange Tip Sch-IV 70. Spindasis vulcanus Common Silver line Sch-IV 71. Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger Sch-IV 72. Euploea core Common Indian Crow Sch-IV 73. Melanitis leda Common Evening

Brown Sch-IV

74. Junonia hierta Yellow Pansy Sch-IV 75. Junonia orithya Blue Pansy Sch-IV 76. Atello phalanta Syn.

Palanta palanta Common Leopard Sch-IV

77. Symphaedra nais Bronet Sch-IV 78. Vanessa carduri Painted Lady Sch-IV

PAGE NO. (76)





Act, 1972 Amphibians

79. Bufo andersoni Marbled Toad Sch-IV 80. Bufo melanostictus Common Indian Toad Sch-IV 81. Rana breviceps Indian Burrowing

Frog Sch-IV

82. Rana cyanophlyctis Indian Skipper Frog 83. Rana tigrina Indian Bull Frog Sch-IV

Mammals 84. Bandicota bengalensis Bandicoot Rat Sch-IV 85. Herpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose SCh-IV 86. Mus platythrix Field Mouse Sch-IV 87. Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare Sch-IV 88. Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyaena Sch-III 89. Megaderma lyra Inidan False Vampire

Bat Sch-V

90. **Canis aureus Golden Jackal Part-II of sch-II 91. **Presbytis entellus Common Langur Sch-II of Part I 92. Sus murinus Grey Shrew 93. **Panthera pardus

fusca Panther Part-I of sch-I

94. **Viverricula indica Small Indian civet Part-II of sch-II 95. Funambulus pannanti Five Stiped Palm

Squirrel Sch-IV

96. Vulpes bengaalensis Common Fox Sch-II of II

** As per list of DFO, Rajsamand for the District.

Endangered Plants: Floristic studies were conducted during Winter period-2012 to

know the presence of any endangered/threatened/endemic plant species in plant area and

surrounding 10-km radius. The study area did not record the presence of any critically

threatened species. The records of Botanical Survey of India and also from Forest

department did not indicate presence of any endangered and or vulnerable species in this

area. (Table 3.14 and 3.15).

PAGE NO. (77)




Presence of National Park/Sanctuary: Ministry of Environment Notifications and

local forest notifications reveal that no Wildlife sanctuaries, National Parks and

Biosphere Reserves in 10 km radius from proposed mine boundary, Table No. 3.27.

Endangered Animals: A comprehensive Central Legislation namely Wild Life

(Protection) Act was enforced in 1972. This law is to provide protection to wild animals

and for matters related to their ancillary or incidental death. Schedule-I of this act

included the list of rare and endangered species, which are completely protected

throughout the country. The detailed list of wild animals and their conservation status as

per Wild Life Act (1972) are presented in Table-3.23. In our studies no endangered

fauna reported in buffer zone, however the Divisional Forest Officer Rajsamand has

given details of all the fauna of district, not only of Buffer Zone. Hence we have

mentioned name of certain endangered species, in buffer zone also.

Presence of Spawning, Breeding, Nesting or Nursery of Turtles and or other

Aquatic Animals

On the basis of field observations and interactions with elderly people of the area and

literature survey, it is revealed that there are no other aquatic animals having

spawning, breeding, nesting or nursery belongs to endangered category as per

Wildlife protection Act-1972 in study area and details area presented in Table-3.24.

Details of Migratory Paths for Animals or Birds in Study Area:

On the basis of field observations, interactions with elderly people of the area and

literature survey, it is reveals that no migratory path for wild animals or birds in study

area. These details are presented in Table-3.25

Details of cutting / removal of Mangroves in the study area:

The proposed mine site is far away from sea coast hence no mangroves plants

recorded from project site and details are presented in Table-3.26

Details of Ecologically Sensitive Location in the study area:

Details of the ecological sensitive locations in 10 km radius from study area are

presented in Table-3.27.

PAGE NO. (78)




Table -3.24 Details of spawning, breeding, nesting or nursery area of aquatic species in

study area. Sr. No. Details Study Area

1 Spawning, breeding nesting or nursery areas of turtles N 2 Spawning, breeding, nesting or nursery area of

sensitive/endemic/endangered aquatic species N

Y=Yes, N=NO

Table -3.25 Details of migratory paths in study area.

Sr. No. Details Study Area 1 Migratory path of animals N 2 Migratory route of birds N Y=Yes, N=NO

Table No.3.26 Details of cutting /removal of mangroves in study area.

Sr.No. Ecological type of area Study Area 1 Cutting/removal of mangroves Species N Health of the mangroves Not applicable

Y= Yes, N = No

Table No.3.27 Details of presence of ecologically sensitive areas in study area

Technical Name Study Area National park N Marine park N Sanctuary N

Tiger reserve N Elephant reserve N

Core zone Biosphere Reserve N Reserve forest/protected forest Y

Wildlife habitat Y Habitat of endangered/endemic sp N

Coral reefs N Mangroves N

Lakes/reservoirs/Dam N Habitat of Migratory water fowl N

Natural lakes/swamps N Note: Y: Yes N: No

PAGE NO. (79)




3.6 Socio-economic Environment:

Demography & socio-economics: The growth of mining and industrial sectors and

infrastructure developments in and around the agriculture dominant areas, villages

and towns is bound to create its impact on the socio-economic aspects of the local

population of the area experiencing development. The impacts may be positive or

negative depending upon the developmental activity. To assess the anticipated

impacts of mining and industrial growth on the socio-economic aspects of people, it is

necessary to study the existing socio-economic status of the local population, which

will be helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the area

under study. For assessing the prevailing socio-economic aspects of people in the

study area around the existing mine, the required data has been collected from various

secondary sources and analyzed.

Methodology Adopted for the Study: The methodology adopted for the study is

based on the following points:

Review of secondary data, such as District Primary Census Statistical Hand Book of

Udaipur & Rajsamand district, 2001 and Provisional Data from Census 2011, within

the study area around the existing mine;

Conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGD) in the villages for eliciting the general

information of the study area, to support or supplement the information collected

through secondary and primary surveys.

Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile based on Census 2001 and

Projected 2011 Census

The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, social

strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels besides

infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include

occupational structure of workers. The information on socio-economic aspects of the

study area has been collected from secondary sources, which mainly include District

Primary Census Handbook 2011 Udaipur & Rajsamand districts.

The village-wise Projected demographic data as per Census 2011 is presented in

Annexure 14. The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic aspects of

the study area are described in the following sections.

PAGE NO. (80)




Demographic Aspects: In the study area the population of the males is 49.94% and

that of the females is 50.06%. The distribution of population in study area is presented

in Table A.

Table - A Distribution of Population

Particulars 0-3 km. 3-7 km. 7-10 km 0-10 km.

No. of Households 2601 3769 8627 14997 Male Population 6878 9029 2410 37317

Female Population 6715 8719 21192 36626 Total Population 13593 17748 42602 73943

Male Population (0-6 years) 1237 1642 4052 6931 Female Population (0-6 years) 1164 1550 3815 6529 Total Population (0-6 years) 2401 3192 7867 13460

Average household size 5.23 4.71 4.85 4.94 % of males to total population 50.60 50.87 50.14 50.40

% of females to total population

49.40 49.13 49.86 49.60

Sex Ratio (M:F) 1000: 976 1000 : 965 1000 : 989 1000 : 981

Average Household Size: The average household size varies from 4.71 to 5.23 as per

Projected data 2011. The low family size could be attributed to a high degree of

urbanization with migration of people with higher literacy levels who generally opt

for smaller family size and family welfare measures.

Sex Ratio: The Sex Ratio of male and female indicates that the males constitute to

about 50.14% to 50.87% and females 49.13% to 49.86% of the total population as per

Projected census data 2011. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males

indirectly reveals certain sociological aspects in relation to female births, infant

mortality among female children and single person family structure, a resultant of

migration of industrial workers. The study area on an average has 981 females per

1000 males as per Projected census data 2011. Low female in 0-6 year’s age groups is

alarming and indicates the impact of urban population.

Social Structure: Various religion groups consisting of Hindus, Muslims and

Christians inhabit the study area. According to census 2011 the percentage of

Scheduled caste population varies between 1.23% to 3.79% in study area. The highest

PAGE NO. (81)




percentage of scheduled caste population recorded in 7-10km. radius and lowest in 0-

3 km. radius. The percentage of scheduled tribe population varies between 5.89% to

18.50% in study area. The highest percentage of scheduled tribe population recorded

in 7-10km. radius and lowest in 0-3 km. radius. The distribution of population by

caste and tribe is shown in Table B.

Table -B Distribution of Population by Social Structure

Particulars 0-3 km. 3-7 km. 7-10 km. 0-10 km.

Scheduled caste 913 1556 2803 5272

% to the total population 1.23 2.10 3.79 7.12

Scheduled tribes 4361 5061 13695 23117

% to the total population 5.89 6.84 18.50 31.22

Total SC & ST Population 5274 6617 16498 28389

% to total population 7.12 8.94 22.28 38.34

Literacy Levels: The study area experiences a considerably good literacy rate of

60.80% (Projected Census 2011). The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the

study area is given in Table C. The level of literacy near mining area in general quite

low and female literacy in particular is below state and national literacy level.

PAGE NO. (82)




Table - C Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km. 7-10 km. 0-10 km.

Male Literates 5134 6558 15909 27601

Female Literates 3155 4212 10050 17417

Total Literates 8289 10770 25959 45018

Male Literacy Rate (%) 13.76 17.57 42.63 73.96

Female Literacy Rate (%) 8.61 11.50 27.44 47.55

Total Literacy Rate (%) 11.19 14.55 35.06 60.8

Occupational Structure: The occupational structure of residents in the study area is

studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The mine

workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department

consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry,

fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household

industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce,

transport and communication and other services.

The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less

than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers

include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons,

dependents, beggars, vagrants etc; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who

do not fall under the above categories.

As per Projected census data 2011 altogether the main workers works out to be 5.48%

to 29.45% of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute

2.43% to 7.47% and 10.45% to 33.35% of the total population respectively. The

distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the

predominant population. The occupational distribution of the population of study area

is shown in Table D.

PAGE NO. (83)




Table - D Occupational Structure

Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km. 7-10 km. 0-10 km.

Total Population 13593 17748 42602 73943

Total Workers 5859 7604 18009 31472

Total main workers 4060 5271 12477 21808

% of main workers to total

population

5.48 7.12 16.85 29.45

Marginal workers 1799 2335 5532 9666

% of MW to TP 2.43 3.15 7.47 13.05

Non-workers 7734 10143 24694 42571

% of NW to TP 10.45 13.70 33.35 57.5

3.7 Base map of all environmental components: The base map showing core zone

(mining lease area) and 10 km. all around is enclosed here, showing various location,

monitoring station and other feature of study area including water bodies location of

villages, agriculture area etc.

PAGE NO. (84)




PAGE NO. (85)




4.00 General:

Assessment Environmental Impacts: The main purpose of identifying and

assessing the existing environmental details is to know before hand the relevant

features on which environmental impact can be assessed. “Environmental Impact” can

be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused

or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. The problem of

environmental impacts on land, air, water and noise common from the stage of

preparation for mining and the problem grows as the activities of extraction of

mineral, drilling and blasting operations, creation of dump yards etc. Generally, the

environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary

impacts are those that can be attributed directly to the project. On the other hand

secondary impacts are those that are indirect or induced & typically include the

associated investments & changed patterns of social & economic activities likely to be

stimulated or induced by the existing & proposed actions.

Sustainable development through appropriate and clan technology involves not only

the environmental protection but also issues such as economic prosperity and

conservation of natural resources for the future generation to meet their own needs.

The present status of Soapstone & Dolomite mining after 70 years of indiscriminate

mining has necessitated innovation of an appropriate quarrying technology to reduce

further environmental degradation, and ensure optimum utilization of the balance

reserves of Soapstone & Dolomite. Time has come now for companies' to adopt an

environmental policy and impose self-regulation to create a good public image.

4.1 Land Environment:

Anticipated impact: The impact of mining will be due to excavation of pits & due to

dumping of waste & overburden. Land degradation will also be caused due to erection

of infrastructures facilities such as mine office, road, rest shelter etc. However in

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PAGE NO. (86)




opencast mining there is particularly no adverse effect directly on land except some

degradation due to mining activities, working pits and generation of waste.

Construction of approach roads: Normally land degradation takes place upto a

certain a extent due to approach roads. But the area under reference is an existing

mine and approach roads have already been constructed.

Therefore no fresh impact on land is likely to take place due to road construction.

Formation of pits for extracting mineral: The area under reference has been used

for extracting Soapstone & Dolomite by semi-mechanized mining method. In case of

opencast mining, the overburden & side burden if any have to be removed which

cause land degradation if proper measures are not taken.

Land degradation due to dumping of waste: Thus there will be change in the land

use & if proper mitigation measures are not taken it will lead to formation of scars in

the area. The land where dumping is done is degraded because it is not usable for

other purpose.

Aesthetic Environment: Due to degradation of land by pitting & waste dumping the

aesthetic environment of the core zone may be affected. Therefore the measures have

to be taken to compensate for this side effect.

Siltation of agricultural field & water courses: If no due care is taken wash off

from the waste dumps may choke the water course, & can also causes the siltation of

water course. It is therefore essential that the garland drain at required places will be

constructed and the wash off water will be diverted to check sedimentation of silt, so

the water can be suitably utilized.

Impact on soil: The Soapstone and Dolomite in the area is non toxic therefore dust

deposition in the region is not likely to alter the chemical composition and there will

not be any appreciable impact on the soil characteristics. The working area of the

lease is devoid of any soil cover; however the unit has made suitable arrangements for

disposal of waste rock every year. The dead dumps have been provided for suitable

filling of voids, retaining walls & green cover to avoid any adverse impact on soil.

PAGE NO. (87)




Mitigation Measure:

1. The construction of approach road will be till the life of mine, it will not cause any

degradation of land.

2. The excavated pit will be well fenced, however in the last stage of mining 38.00 ha.

area will be left as reservoir. It will be developed as a water reservoir which will serve

the water requirement of nearby villagers.

3. The recovery of top soil is very marginal and whatever recovered will be utilized for

plantation.

4. No siltation of agriculture land will be allowed.

Mine and approach roads have already been constructed. Therefore no fresh impact

will take place. More over due to proposed plantation the impact will be minimized as

proposed plantation will arrest the propagation of air borne dust.

4.2 Water Environment

Anticipated impact & Mitigation Measures:

1. Topography and Drainage: The area is characterized by rugged and hilly terrain,

dominated by steeply dipping outcrops and small valleys carved by the networks of

ephemeral streamlets and streams. The drainage pattern is sub-dendritic to dendritic.

The general slope of the area is from south to north.

For this infrastructure, no pre-mining surface drainage is required to be modified/

diverted; as such no disturbance shall be caused to the natural drainage system. Hence

impact on the topography and drainage of the core zone will not be significant. The

surface drainage is taking its natural course in the lease area.

2. Impact on water Resources and Quality: The surface drainage is taking its natural

course in the lease area. The residential and office buildings, as well as the roads in

the lease area are not affecting the surface drainage.

It is evident that there is hardly any impact of mining on surface water regime. The

surface water is not going to be pumped or utilized anywhere in the lease area for any

purposes. Whatever surface runoff develops in the lease area by rainfall is allowed to

join the natural drainage system.

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3. Water requirement: Water requirement for present mining activities is met by the

sump, constructed in the mine. The total water requirement is fulfilled from the

available storage water in the sump. Hence, no impact is envisaged due to mining on

the nearby users.

4. Impact on Water Body: There is no existence of any natural surface water bodies in

& around lease area to experience any adverse impact due to mining. A garland drain

will be constructed in order to harvest rain water in the mine pit as well as for

recharging ground water.

5. Impact on Surface Water:

(1) Generally, due to mining operations using abstraction of ground water, ground water

table will touch.

(2) And also contamination will take place on surface water in most of the cases.

(3) Major cause of surface water pollution during opencast mining activities is the wash

off originating from the freshly excavated areas.

Mitigation Measures:

The following mitigation measures will be taken for water management and water

pollution control:-

(1) Present mining operations being carried out at 10m agl. However, after 5 years of

mine working at 701 mRL & 9m bgl, ground water level is envisaged to be touched

when water table gets affected. This is an important impact and should be a point of

concern for the project proponent/management to make meticulous planning to tackle

this situation well before the actual intersection of the water table. Efforts towards this

direction could include, conducting more frequent hydrogeological, ground water

monitoring and piezometric studies to gauge any ground water pollution besides

obtaining legal permission from relevant statutory authorities for ground water

extraction and augmenting the mining operations accordingly. Accordingly,

Coordinator brief the project proponent about the consequential significance of these

aspects related with the said impact.

(2) The mineral Soapstone and Dolomite do not contain any harmful ingredients.

Therefore, no contamination will take place on surface water.

(3) A garland drain has already been constructed at the mine site to catch rainwater from

the surroundings. Adequate practical control measures have been taken to check, not

PAGE NO. (89)




only the wash off water from the freshly excavated areas and soil erosion, but also

uncontrolled flow of mine water (during monsoon) into the nallahs.

(4) Toe walls will be provided to prevent wash off and sliding of materials from the

excavated areas of the mine.

6. Ground Water: There would not be any adverse effect on the ground water quality.

The mineral formation does not contain any harmful element, which could percolate

into the ground and pollute the ground water. Hence, no control measures are

required. Piezometere is installed to monitor ground water table. Quality of water is

regularly tested on half yearly basis and data are sent to RO, Lucknow & MS Jaipur,

RSPCB.

Management for Ground Water:

1. Banas river, a hilly perennial stream flowing towards northern side would be

protected in respect of its resource and quality.

2. The surface run-offs from the hilly top or pit top would be let into the natural drainage

channels on the hill slopes only after arresting the solid particles carryover in the

catch pits/ sump pits made inside lease area.

Artificial Recharge of Groundwater: In the lease area various structure for artificial

recharge of ground water have been undertaken to maintain the regional ground water

balance.

Roof top rain water harvesting structures: Artificial recharge of ground water is

carried out on all the buildings in the lease area. The area of the building's roof is

about 300 sq.mts. The normal rainfall is 629.87 mm say 0.63 m. considering 80% of

rain water is used for artificial recharge, 151.2 M3 i.e. 0.00015 MCM of water will be

recharged of ground water.

Recharge through check dam/Percolation tank: Two numbers of check

dams/percolation tanks have been constructed on the weathered dolomite area. Good

amount of water percolates in each spell of rains. During monsoon period, the bank

fills 3 to 4 times water percolates to recharge of ground water.

PAGE NO. (90)




4.3 Air Environment:

Anticipated Impact: Mining operations and associated activities generally cause air

pollution and the major air pollutant is the suspended particulate matter. Most of the

air pollution problems are due to fugitive dust emission, which is more prominent in

opencast mines in comparison to underground mines. The intensity of dust generation

in mining is influenced by factors such as hardness of rock, mining technology and

material handling etc.

Suitable procedures for fugitive dust emission are followed and details of calculations

are presented in the report. In order to assess the impact on air environment, the

factors to be considered are compiled.

Air Pollution Mitigation Measures: Following techniques are being adopted and

more will be implemented at the mine to control air pollution due to various mining

activities:

• Making continuous endeavors to check emissions at source,

• General water spraying on road surface to bind the dust ,

• Restriction of vehicle speed,

• Washing of dumpers/trucks’ wheels or body at regular intervals,

• Loading and unloading in the area protected from wind,

• Minimization of drop heights,

• Use of proper sheet to cover loaded vehicles,

• Surfacing the internal roads.

• Use of enclosures, effective water spraying for arresting dust due to fixed

equipments/sources,

• Application of water sprays to moisten transported materials,

• Employing wet drilling technique,

• Minutely observing atmospheric conditions before commencing charging and blasting

operations

• Effective water sprays for dust suppression during blasting,

PAGE NO. (91)




• Proper enclosure of the loading or unloading areas, wherever possible,

• Practicing good maintenance of vehicles,

• Maintaining compactness, gradient and drainage of haul roads,

• Converting unpaved roads to paved roads,

• Enclosure of stock-piles, vegetation of waste dumps, water spraying & developing

green barrier of trees to check the mines dust blow

• Developing green belt along the transportation road sides, etc.

Control of air pollution

Abatement measures for control of air pollution at the source Dust sources Control measures Drilling Dust suppression by water

Use of dust arrester Blasting Dust suppression by water sprays

Observing atmospheric conditions before charging and blastingLoading & Unloading Suppression of dust by water sprays

Enclosure of the loading or unloading area, wherever possible Mobile equipment Internal roads to be surfaced

Dust suppression by spraying with water Selection of proper routes Green barrier along haul roads on both sides

Dust blow Enclosure of stock-piles Vegetation of waste dumps Dust suppression by spraying with water Establishment of green barrier of trees

PAGE NO. (92)




PLANTATION NEAR MINE OFFICE PLANTATION ON IN-ACTIVE DUMP

PAGE NO. (93)




CATCH DRAIN SILTATION POND

PLANTATION INSIDE NURSERY DEVELOPED NEAR OFFICE

PLANTATION ALONG HAULAGE ROAD

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4.4 Noise Environment:

Anticipated Impact: Noise level may increase due to use of machinery deployed at

the mines like shovels, compressors, drilling machines and dumpers. The noise level

at various distances by the individual mining machinery used in mines as shown in

given Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

Noise generation by machinery at mine

S. No. Type of

machinery used

Noise level

dB (A)

Measurement Location Nos.

1. Shovel 79.5 at 12m distance 4

2. Dumper 74.6 At 12m distance from

driver’s position

15

3. Compressor 83.7 At a distance of 20 m 4

4. Drilling Machine 81.4 At a distance of 20 m 2

Object: To evaluate the maximum noise experienced in buffer zone, it is assumed

that all the machinery have been deployed in same pit and working at same level.

Mainly different types of activities are running simultaneously, namely drilling, and

loading of mineral and overburden in different activity zones.

Targeted production at the mines can be achieved, if 12 holes are drilled per day.

Spacing between the holes will be 3 m. Therefore, total length of drilling will be 20m.

The capacity of drill machine is 8 holes per day. Therefore two drill machines are

required every day for drilling.

As per preventive measures against noise pollution, two drill machines will not

operate in same line or in the same zone. Thus, one drill machine will work in zone 1

and other in zone 2 simultaneously and it will take 2 days to drill 12 holes in each

zone. As both machines will work in different zones, hence chance of cumulative

effect of noise will be very less.

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After drilling, blasting operation will be carried out in pre designed sequence. One

drilled zone will not be blasted and shall remain as a stand by. If any drilling machine

fails, this zone can be blasted and work will not suffer.

After blasting operations are over, the mineral and overburden loading will take place,

deploying one shovel and two dumpers in each zone.

The drilling programme is designed in such a manner that one zone of drilled holes

(buffer zone) will always be kept between the loading and the active drilling zone.

Zone -1 Zone -2 Buffer Zone Zone -3 Zone -4

6m

20m Index

Shovel

Dumper

Compressor

Drilling Machine

Calculation of Equivalent Noise at Buffer Zone:

Equivalent noise calculated from different sources of noise by equation.

Leq. = 10 log (10 L1/10 + 10 L2/10 + 10 L3/10 (1)

Noise attenuation with respect to distance in all directions over horizontal distance

can be given as follows:-

LP2 = LP1 – 20 log (r2 / r1) - (2)

Minimum one zone i.e. 20 m by 6 m will not be used for any mining activity, like

drilling and loading. This barrier zone is used between these two activities, called as

buffer zone.

PAGE NO. (96)




Equivalent noise level is calculated for respective zone as follows:

Zones 1 & 2: In zone 1 one shovel will be used for mineral and overburden loading

with the help of a dumper and the other dumper will be waiting for loading. The

equivalent noise of both dumpers is calculated as 77.61 dB(A). The equivalent noise

level of two dumpers and one shovel is calculated as:

Leq = 10 log (10 79.5/10 +1077.61/10)

= 81.66 dB(A)

Zone 3 & 4: In this zone drilling operation will take place. In this case, the calculated

equivalent noise level of both drilling machines and compressors is:

Leq. = 10 log (10 81.4/10 + 10 83.7/10)

= 85.71 dB(A)

Any person standing in the buffer zone for inspection of blasted material will feel

noise from different operations in zones 1 & 2 loading operation and zones 3 & 4

from drilling operation. Calculations and measurement shows that noise level is well

under permissible noise level as detailed below:

Table No. 4.2 Noise level Due to various zones at a Buffer Zone

Zone Distance between man to centre, m

Noise level dB(A)

Zone 1 40 67.15 Zone 2 20 73.17 Zone 3 20 81.66 Zone 4 40 75.63

The cumulative noise level for all the zones is calculated as 83.20 dB(A).

It is being observed that at the mine site where heavy earth moving machinery is in operation, noise level is less than the stipulated value of 90 dB(A) as per DGMS circular. The noise level is within the tolerance limit at a distance of 15 to 20 m or so.

PAGE NO. (97)




Table 4.3 Permissible exposure in cases of continuous noise (GOI)

S. No.

Total time of Exposure

(Continuous or a number of short

term exposures per day in hour)

Sound Pressure

dB(A)

Remarks

1. 8 90 1. No exposure in excess of 115 dB(A) is to be permitted.

2. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure as indicated in column 2, the permissible sound pressure level is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate scale.

2. 6 92 3. 4 95 4. 3 97 5. 2 100 6. 1½ 102 7. 1 105 8. ¾ 107 9. ½ 110

10. ¼ 115

PAGE NO. (98)




Ground Vibration: Explosive is used to break mineral deposits and overlying

overburden. Fourteen holes will be drilled every day with a spacing of 3 m, burden 3

m and depth of 6.5 m. Generally blasting will be done on alternate days. The quantity

of explosive to be used in each hole is approximately 32 Kg. Generally in each delay,

5 holes to be blasted. Due to blasting activity, ground vibrations will occur. Ground

vibration is calculated based on ground peak particle velocity (PPV) at certain

distance using the following empirical equation:

V = 417.8 [D/Q0.5]-1.265 Where,

V = Peak particle velocity, mm/sec

D = Distance between location of blast & gauge point, m

Q = Quantity of explosive per blasting/delay, kg.

The calculated predicted PPV values at varying distances are given table 4.4

considering charge per delay as 160 kg. Ground vibration level at a distance of 500 m

from blast site is 3.79 mm/s. Hence, intensity of ground vibration beyond 500 m

distance is very low and this will not cause any damage to structure.

Table No. 4.4 Ground vibration with distance

Distance, m 50 100 150 200 250 400 500

PPV, mm/s 73.43 30.55 18.29 12.71 9.58 5.29 3.79

Mitigation Measures: The noise level in the mine is below the permissible limit.

However, the proposed plantation will further attenuate and minimize noise level.

Other mitigation measures: Developing green belts which act as pollution sinks.

Noise and ground vibration from blasting will be mitigated by adopting the following

measures:-

PAGE NO. (99)




i) By carefully designing a blast hole drilling pattern or blast geometry with appropriate

burden distance, spacing of holes, hole size, hole depth, and stemming height and

powder factor.

ii) Adopting shock tube (non-electrical) initiation system in blasting which allows short

delay blasting using delay detonators. It also helps in incorporation of delay in hole as

well as on surface and bottom initiation of blasted rock. This results in reduction of

fly rock, noise and ground vibration levels.

A blasting siren and warning notice boards will be used for public warning as safety

measures.

4.5 Ecological Environment:

Anticipated Impact:

Impacts during Constructional Phase: No construction will take place.

Impacts during Operational Phase

Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology

Impacts due to Air Emissions from the Mine: The impact on terrestrial ecology

will be due to emission of gaseous pollutants like NOx, SO2 and dust/SPM. These

pollutants at a very low dose act as atmospheric fertilizer for the vegetation. However

at higher doses, they are injurious to both vegetation as well as animals. NO2 has been

recognized as potent toxic pollutant due to its indirect impact on organisms and its

role in photochemical smog cycle.

• Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): SO2 in low doses may have beneficial impacts on plants,

but produces adverse effects in high doses. The injury threshold limit of SO2 on

vegetation is 785 μg/m3 when vegetation is exposed for the duration of 8 hours

(Ref: Fundamentals of Air pollution by Arthurn C. Stern). Visual symptoms of SO2

caused injury on leaves include bleached spots, bleached areas between veins,

etc. Older leaves are most susceptible at very high concentrations interveinal

necrosis and skeletonized leaves are formed. The dead tissue may turn red brown

or almost black.

• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx): Two oxides of Nitrogen i.e. NO2 and NO [3:1 ratio]

are collectively referred to as NOx. High temperature reactions in presence of air

PAGE NO. (100)




form NOx. NOx is absorbed by plants through stomata, reacts with cell wall and

forms HNO2 and HNO3, which is the cause of toxicity. The injury threshold limit

of NOx on vegetation is 4700 μg/m3 when vegetation is exposed for the duration of 4

hours (Ref: Fundamentals of Air pollution by Arthurn C. Stern). The symptoms of

injury include grey- green or light brown color, bleached or necrotic spots in

interveinal areas, which later form streaks.

• Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM): The effect of particulate on vegetation is in

the form of incrustation, plugging of stomata, loss of chlorophyll and reduction of

photosynthesis process. Disturbance in plant metabolism due to deposition of dust

particles on foliar surfaces leads to reduction in plant growth.

The atmospheric concentrations normally do not reach a level sufficient to induce

acute injury.

The resultant ambient air levels for SO2 and SPM after the implementation of the

project will be well below the NAAQM standards prescribed by the CPCB for

industrial and residential and rural areas and are not likely to result in adverse

impacts on the terrestrial ecology of the area. In fact, the particulate emission from

the plant would reduce after implementation of the Mine.

Mitigation Measures:

Afforestation Plan/Greenbelt Development Plan: Implementation of afforestation

program is of paramount importance for any industrial development.

The main objective of the greenbelt is to provide a barrier between the plant and the

surrounding areas. The greenbelt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to

attenuate the noise generated at the mine apart from improving the aesthetics of the

mine site. Plantation program will be undertaken in all available areas. This will include

plantation in the mine premises, along the internal and external roads, around the office

and on the overburden dump.

The plant species selected for greenbelt will include the native species. These saplings

will be planted in several rows (8 to 10 rows) with a tree density of about 1000

trees/ha per year.

PAGE NO. (101)




The plantation at the proposed mine site will take into consideration the existing

social forestry in the region. The proposed plantation will cover the following design

aspects:

There will be a greenbelt all around the mine.

A greenbelt around mining dump will be developed and around working pit since the

area is large and developing green belt along the mine boundary will not serve any

purpose.

All along the internal and external roads, plantation will be taken up;

The total number of trees to be planted in this area will be at the rate of 1000 trees per

hectare initially with the provision of increasing density based on survival and

performance;

Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the mine site;

The short trees (<10-m height) will be planted in the first rows (towards plant side) of

the greenbelt. The tall trees (>10 m height) will be planted in the outer rows (away

from the mining pit);

Since the trunks of the tall trees are generally devoid of foliage, it will be useful to

have shrubs in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion.

Number of Saplings to be Planted and Budgetary Estimate of the Green Cover:

The proposed plantation is at the rate of 1000 saplings per hectare per year. As the

proposed green cover including greenbelt is 30 ha, the total number of saplings to be

planted will be 30,000 (at 100 % survival rate). But considering 80% survival rate, the

total number of saplings to be planted will become 24,000.The existing greenbelt

plantation is mentioned in Table 4.5 and afforestation plan for upcoming years is

given in Table 4.6.

Presently afforestation has been done over an area of 6.00 ha. Natural scattered plants

exist in about 15 hectare area.

PAGE NO. (102)




TABLE- 4.5 Existing Plantation

S.No. Name of Place Number of Plants

1. OFFICE COMPOUND Ashok (Polyalthia longifolia), Nimboo (Citrus medica), Aam (Mangifera indica)

2550

2. DUMP - I Ratanjot (Jatropha curcas), Neem (Azadirachta indica)

800

3. DUMP – II (Out Side lease area) Ratanjot (Jatropha curcas), Neem (Azadirachta indica)

1400

4. Along Road side, Green Belt and scattered tree Neem, Sitaphal, Peepal, Aam, Keekar etc.

250

TABLE- 4.6 Proposed Plantation

Year No. of Saplings to be

Planted

Area (ha) Amount (Rs. In lakh)

Ist first five years 5000 5.00 10.00 IInd first five years 5000 5.00 10.00 IIIrd first five years 5000 5.00 10.00 IVth first five years 5000 5.00 10.00

Vth first five years 4500 4.50 9.00 VIth first five years 5500 5.50 11.00

Total 30,000 30.00 60.00

In addition to the above mentioned plantation within the core zone, afforestation work will also be undertaken in the surrounding areas.

Plant Species for Greenbelt: Plants play a major role in monitoring and maintaining the ecological balance by actively participating in the cycling of nutrients and gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen and also provide enormous leaf area for impingement, absorption and accumulation of air pollutants to reduce the pollution level in the environment. Sensitivity and responses of plants to air pollutants is variable and is depicted by APTI (Air Pollution Tolerance Index) (Table 4.7).

PAGE NO. (103)




TABLE- 4.7 Recommended plant species for green belt development around the mines

S.NO. Common

Name Botanical Name Family

1. Kaner Nerium indicum Mill. Apocynaceae 2. Chandni Tabernaemontana divaricata

(L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Apocynaceae

3. Peeli kaner Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum.

Apocynaceae

4. Israeli babool Acacia tortilis Hayne Mimosaceae 5. Bael Aegle marmelos (L.) Corea Rutaceae 6. Neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae 7. Amaltas Cassia fistula L. Caesalpinaceae 8. Subabul Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis Mimosaceae 9. Bakayan Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae 10. Har singar Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae 11. Debdaru Polyalthia longifolia Sonn. Annonaceae 12. Khas/ Khus

grass Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash. Poaceae

13. Arandi Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae

14. Mehandi Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae 15. Paras-pipal Thespesia populnea (L.)

Soland.& Corr. Malvaceae

16. Jarul Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Lythraceae The advice of Director M.O.E.F. for plantation will be fully implemented.

Post Plantation care:

1. A dedicated cell in mine area will be established for regular watering, protective

measures etc.

2. Diseased and dead plants will be uprooted and replaced by fresh saplings.

3. Weed eradication and pest management.

4. Regular monitoring on survival rate and remedial actions will be done in an organized

and planned manner.

PAGE NO. (104)




4.6 Socio-economics:

Anticipated Impact: The socio-economic impacts of mining are many. The adverse

impacts attribute to physical displacement due to land acquisition, which is followed

by loss of livelihood, mental agony, changes in social structure, and risk to food

security etc. People are also directly affected due to pollution. Social Impact

Assessment (SIA) is a process of analysis, monitoring and managing the social

consequences of a project. But no effect will take place as nobody will be displaced

from the area same is clear from minutes of public hearing and only positive impact

will take place in village.

In order to improve the socio-economic conditions of the people of the area detailed

programme for development of the area has been framed. The salient features of the

programme are as follows.

i) A well-laid plan for employment of the local people has been prepared.

ii) Social welfare programme like provision of medical facilities educational facilities,

water supply, recreational amenities for the employees as well as for nearby villagers

will be chocked out.

iii) Supplementing Govt. efforts in health monitoring camps, social welfare and various

awareness programmes among the rural population.

iv) Adoption of villages for general development.

Local people are taken into confidence in all activities to redress their grievances, if

any, and to meet their aspirations.

CSR Activities:

The lessee as per demand of Panchyat has decided to undertake all C.S.R. activities in

school and as such decided to invest every year Rs. 6.00 lakh during ensuing 3 years

Development in School:

i) Every year distributing sweets & prizes at Neerach school on the occasion of

Independence day & Republic Day, costing about Rs. 20,000/- in each function.

ii) As per demand of the school 34 bags of cement costing Rs. 88400/- supplied to school

for development of boundary wall of playground.

PAGE NO. (105)




iii) Deployed J.C.B. & dumper of the mines for 4 days for levelling of school playground

which cost the management about Rs. 40,000.

iv) Given scholarship to 8 needy & meritorious students costing Rs. 10,000/- Rs. as per

list enclosed.

v) Given 19,500/- to 19 students for purchasing study materials.

vi) Constructed boundary wall & main gate of school play ground costing Rs. 1, 77,500/-.

vii) Under taken other development work in school costing to Rs. 2 Lac.

Other Social uplifting Programme:

viii) Haldhighati Mine Vocational Training: Other social upliftment programme regularly

contributing to Haldighati Mine Vocational Training Centre where workers are

getting training.

ix) Besides the above: The lessee is committed to carry out development & repair work

of the school atleast for three years.

x) Constructed a water pit for cattle at a cost of Rs. 15,000/-.

xi) To improve the employment potentially the mine workers and other persons will be

trained in first aid and mine competency examination such as Blaster, Mining Mate.

There is acute shortage of the qualified persons in the area.

4.7 Mine Waste Management:

The overall dump slope angle will be maintained below 27° and individual bench

slope will be kept 27° to control precipitated water velocity and soil erosion. Further,

to enhance dump stability and reduce soil erosion, maximum dump height will be

restricted to 15 m with a terracing after each 10 m height and a berm of 10 m width in

both the lifts as shown in the figure below.

Cohesion, angle of internal friction and bulk density of overburden material are 5.39

tonne/m2, 34° and 2.5 tonne/m3, respectively.

PAGE NO. (106)




Stabilization of the dump will be done by spreading soil over dumps and undertaking

plantation on inactive portions.

Garland drain has also been construction around the dump so that surface run-off

from the dump is collected in a sump.

Dumping of overburden will be carried out in such a manner so that dumped material

will be compacted during plying of dumpers and JCB over the dump, which will help

in enhancing stability of dump.

Calculation of factor of safety: Safety analysis of dump was carried out. Analysis

method was based on: (i) two limit equilibrium methods (Bishop Simplified and

Method of Slice) and (ii) Chart solution. Schematic diagram for dump stability model

is shown in figure below.

Fig. 4.2: Figure Showing Proposed dump section G.L., bench angle and overall

Fig. 4.3: Schematic diagram for dump stability model by Chart Solution

PAGE NO. (107)




*Based on the stability analysis by Bishop Simplified and Method of Slice limit

equilibrium methods the average factor of safety (FOS) of dump slope was

determined as 2.224 as shown in table below.

*FOS calculated by empirical formula/chart solution was found to be 2.21

It may be concluded that the FOS determined by different methods are comparable

and the result is validated.

In general, a dump slope having 1.2 factor of safety is considered as stable. Here, FOS

is determined as 2.224 and 2.21 by two different methods. Hence, the proposed dump

will be stable and chance of dump failure will be negligible.

Results Showing Factor of Safety by Slope Stability calculator

PAGE NO. (108)




4.8 Mine Closure: Mine closure is the most important environmental requirement in mineral mining project. The mine closure plan would cover technical, environmental, social, legal and financial aspects dealing with Progressive and post closure activities.

The approved Scheme of Mining & Progressive Mine Closure Plan have been enclosed.

Mine Closure Criteria: The criteria involved in mine closure are discussed below:

Physical Stability: All anthropogenic structures, which include mine workings, waste dumps, buildings, etc., remaining after mine decommissioning would be physically stable. They would present no hazard to public health and safety as a result of failure or physical deterioration.

Blasting Effects: Regular testing and inspection of blasting operations in work zone being carried out with respect to noise, fly rock throw, vibration, dust and fume generation. These tests conducted regularly and whenever new patterns of blasting are adopted for rock fragmentation.

Revegetation and Green Belt Development: Greenbelt development as per the scheduled plan will be reserve every year. Post plantation status would also be regularly checked every season. Following plantation related data/information would be kept and compiled every year. (a) Area under plantation / vegetation (b) Period of plantation (c) Type of plantation (i) Tree species (ii) Grass (iii) Any others (d) Type of plant saplings / seedlings/grass species/ scrub species planted. (e) Distance between plants (Different Areas) (f) Type & amount of fertilizer used. (g) Interval of watering. (h) Method and period of post plantation care (i) Survival rate (j) Density of afforested area

(i) Pre-mining condition (ii) Post-mining conditions.

PAGE NO. (109)




4.9 MODELLING FOR EVALUATION OF ANTICIPATED INCREASE IN AIR

POLLUTION LEVELS DUE TO THE OPERATION OF MINES.

Prediction of fugitive dust level in the surrounding area has been carried out with the

help of Fugitive Dispersion Model (FDM).

Emission Inventory: Various quarrying activities have different emission, and the

determination of the emission factor for each activity is an important aspect. To

evaluate the air quality impact due to mining activities, an inventory has been carried

out with a view to identify the major sources of SPM. Emission rates for different

quarrying activities have been calculated based on formulae and software. Emission

rates have been calculated based on average wind speed, moisture and silt content of

materials, capacity/size of equipment and frequency of respective operation. Activity–

wise calculated emission rate and influencing parameters are summarized in Table

4.11 below. Emission rates for points, line and area sources are given g/s, g/s/m and

g/s/m2 respectively. Emission factor has been calculated on the basis of activity of

mines as per the enclosed Annexure 18.

Table 4.11

Sources of Pollution & Emission Factor

S.No. Source of air pollution Emission

rate Influencing parameters

Source Activity 1. Drilling Rock Surface 0.1901848

gm/sec. Moisture content 22%, silt content of cutting rock 16% hole diameter 100 mm frequency of drilling 12 holes/day.

2. Exposed Area Overburden 0.0000922 gm/sec/m2

Moisture content of dump surface 6%, silt content 7% & area of active dump 2 hect.

Pit surface 0.0000171 gm/sec/m2

Moisture content of pit surface 7%, silt content 7% & area of active pit 2 hect.

PAGE NO. (110)




S.No. Source of air pollution Emission

rate

Influencing parameters

3. Mineral Loading 0.2678044

gm/sec.

Moisture content of loading

material 7%, silt content of

loading materials 7%. Drop

height 2.0 m, size of loader 1.6

M3. & frequency of loading 12 &

unloading 1/hour

Unloading 0.4510411

gm/sec.

4. Overburden Loading 1.0101256

gm/sec

Moisture content of loading

material 6%, silt content of

loading materials 10 % drop

height 2 m., frequency of loading

25 & unloading 4.

Unloading 0.5095369

gm/sec.

5. Stock yard Mineral

storage

0.000652

gm/sec/m2

Moisture content 7% silt content

15%, frequency of loading 4 &

unloading 1/hr.

6. Road Transport 0.0038982

gm/sec/m.

Moisture content of transport

road 14%, silt content 10% &

average vehicle speed 5 m/sec.

Frequency of vehicle movement

14/hr.

Haul road 0.0110814

gm/sec/m.

Moisture content of haul road

20%, silt content 18% &

frequency vehicle movement

20/hr & capacity of dumper 16

T.

PAGE NO. (111)




π u σy σz

Fugitive dust model: The fugitive dust model has been used to predict the ground

level SPM concentration in and around the mine. FDM is a computerized Gaussian

plume dispersion model, specifically developed by the United State Environment

Protection Agency (USEPA) for the estimation of particulate concentrations.

Cxo = Q where,

C = Pollutant concentration, g/m3

Q = pollutant emission rate, g/s

π = pi, 3.14159

u = mean wind speed, m/s

σy = standard deviation of horizontal plume concentration,

σz = standard deviation of vertical plume concentration,

Table 4.12

Increase in Air Pollution and Expected SPM

Receptor location

X coordinate

(m)

Y coordinate

(m)

Predicted increase in

GLC (µg/m3)

Ghodach 8565 5820 2.0 Acchi Bavri 10600 9500 7.7

Kadmal 4000 11100 0.5 Unwas 14500 16200 2.2

Predicted Air Quality: The predicted increase in GLC of SPM at selected receptor

locations ranged from 0.5 to 7.7 µg/m3.

PAGE NO. (112)




The project under question is an operating mine of which enhancement of targeted

production is applied hence there is no alternative to the site as the mining area is the

same. The technology alternatives related to mining activities such as bench

development, extent of mechanization have already been discussed and is the most

suitable method of mining are currently in process in the area. However, it is proposed

that any advancement in the method of mining will be done with due permission

approval and guidelines of various departments such as D.M.G., I.B.M., Mines

Safety, M.o.E.F. etc.

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 55:: AANNAALLYYSSIISS OOFF AALLTTEERRNNAATTIIVVEESS ((TTEECCHHNNOOLLOOGGYY && SSIITTEE))

PAGE NO. (113)




6.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures

Introductuion Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable to take up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is important to measure the efficiency of control measures. Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environment; parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.

The objectives of monitoring are to:- • Verify effectiveness of planning decisions; • Measure effectiveness of operational procedures; • Conform statutory and corporate compliance; and • Identify unexpected changes.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring: The environmental monitoring for the existing and

proposed expansion of mining operations will be conducted as follows:

Air quality;

Water quality;

Noise levels;

6.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Cell: The work of environmental monitoring is given to

Apex Mintech Consultants to monitor important and crucial environmental

parameters which are of immense importance to assess the status of environment

during mine operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring

program can serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions

due to operation of the mine and suitable mitigatory steps could be taken in time to

safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as the control measures since

the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 66:: EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL MMOONNIITTOORRIINNGG PPRROOGGRRAAMMMMEE

PAGE NO. (114)




following routine monitoring program will be implemented under the post-project

monitoring in the proposed mine. The monitoring program for implementation is

given as under:

Air Pollution: The ambient air quality is being monitored regularly at selected

locations. The ambient air will be monitored twice in a year at four locations around

the mine lease area & at mine site.

Water and Wastewater Quality: The ground water will be monitored in two season

i.e. pre-monsoon & post-monsoon period at mine site, upstream & downstream

locations.

Noise Levels: Noise levels in the work zone environment will be monitored regularly.

The frequency of noise monitoring will be twice in a year at mine site.

Soil Sampling: Soil samples will be tested before plantation / vegetation of the area.

The environmental monitoring cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programs at mine

site and data thus generated will be regularly submitted to the Regional Office.

Lucknow

The monitoring program to be implemented under environmental monitoring schedule is given in Table – 6.1.

Table – 6.1 Environment Monitoring Schedule

S.No. Station Parameters Monitoring Frequency

1. Air Quality A) Mine site SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx

Twice in a year

Twice in a year

B) Unwas C) Acchi Bavri D) Kadmal E) Ghodach 2. Water Quality &

level Chemical parameters,

water levels i) Mine site ii) Up Stream iii) Down Stream 3. Noise Levels Noise level in dB(A) Mine Site

4. Soil Characteristics Chemical parameters Mine site

PAGE NO. (115)




6.3 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection: As environmental protection

measures will be regularly monitored and implemented by a centralized

environmental management cell, the fiscal estimates have been arrived for the mining

activity, which is discussed in the following paragraphs.

The details of investment for procuring the equipments for efficient control and

monitoring of pollution along with annual recurring cost are given on foregoing page

in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 Cost of Environment Protection Measures

(in Rs. Lakh) S.No. Particulars Capital Cost

in Lacs Annual recurring

cost

1. Establishing a small lab for environment monitoring

3.00

-

i) Yearly monitoring expenditure - 0.60 2.i) Cost of water tanker 4.00 - ii) Cost of watering - 2.00 3.i) First Aid Room 1.00 - ii) Miscellaneous equipment 0.70 - iii) Health check up - 0.60 3. Afforestation - - a) Cost of plant protection measure 3.00 0.50 b) Upkeep/plantation of 1000 plant

year - 2.00

4. Ear muff & plug and dust control measures.

1.0 0.30

5. Miscellaneous 0.30 1.00 Total 13.00 7.00

PAGE NO. (116)




7.1 Public Hearing: Public hearing of Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite mine of Shri

Yash Enterprises (Prop. Sh. Mahesh Mantri) near village Acchi Bavri, Tehsil

Nathdwara, District Rajsamand for environment clearance for expansion in

production in mine.

As per order of District Collector, Rajsamand letter No. i- 40 ¼3½ ¼41½ lk-iz-@i;kZ@ tu

lq-/05/4489-96 dated 27.08.2008 a public hearing for granting environment clearance

to M/s. Shree Yash Enterprises (Prop. Shri Mahesh Mantri) for expansion of

Soapstone & Dolomite Production at his mine near village Acchi Bavri, Tehsil

Nathdwara, District Rajsamand (M.L. No. 05/98 Old M.L. No. 01/88). A public

hearing was arranged on 4.10.2008 at 12.45 P.M. at the mine site.

The following persons were present:-

S.No. Name/Designation & Address Representative Department 1. Sh. B.L. Meharda (R.A.S.) Addl. District Collector

(Representative District Collector), Rajsamand

2. Shri Veer Singh Brijvasi Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Udaipur

At the start of the public hearing Shri Veer Singh Brijvasi Regional Officer, Rajasthan

State Pollution Control Board, Udaipur informed the persons present that the public

hearing has been kept for project expansion of Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite

Mine of M/s. Shree Yash Enterprises and to grant environment clearance for such

expansion. Shri Veer Singh Brijvasi informed that due to these public hearing the

general public awareness in common about environment protection is discussed.

After this Shri R.D. Saxena consultant of Shri Mahesh Mantri informed that M/s.

Shree Yash Enterprises (Prop. Shri Mahesh Mantri) wants to increase soapstone

production to 20,000 M.T. and Dolomite Production to 2,40,000 M.T. Thereafter Shri

R.D. Saxena informed about the impact on environment due to such expansion.

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 77 AADDDDIITTIIOONNAALL SSTTUUDDIIEESS

PAGE NO. (117)




Shri R.D. Saxena informed that the total lease area is 129.50 Hect. which exist near

village Acchi Bavri, Tehsil Nathdwara, District Rajsamand. The mining operation is

done by semi-mechanized opencast method. The proposed mining will not cause any

adverse effect on water table as the ultimate working will be done upto 33 mts.

whereas the average water table will remain at 41 mts. so no effect will take place on

water table.

Ordinarily in Soapstone mining blasting is not done whenever required control

blasting is done and to keep the environment within permissible limit water sprayed

on the dust falls area.

In the mining area is water sprinkled on the road to suppress dust during the mining

operation the overburden removed and stacked at earmarked place and the height of

the overburden will be kept maximum to 15 m. Every year 500 sapling of plants are

planted and same will be followed in future. The mining lease No. is 05/98 (Old M.L.

01/88) area 129.50 Hect. No written / oral complaints were made to District

Administration, Rajsamand or Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Udaipur.

During the course of public hearing following suggestions were made, Shri Veer

Singh Brijvasi, Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board requested

the public present to give their suggestions or any complaints about the project

concerning environment. The following suggestions were made by the public:-

1. Shri Prabhu Lal, Sarpanch (Nedach): There are 200-300 workers are working in

mines. Local people are getting employment therefore clearance should be given to

the project.

2. Shri Tita Ram, Village Kalora: Due to operation of this mines local people are

getting employment. There is no loss to environment and the mine owner is helping

us in various social work and also helping in school. He is also arranging water

tanker in summer season and in any eventualities He is providing vehicles to shift the

patient to Udaipur. Therefore permission should be given for mine working.

3. Shri Chhagan, Ward Panch Nedach: Different people from different castes such as

Gameti, Meghwal and other castes are working in the mine. Therefore permission

should be given to the mine.

PAGE NO. (118)




4. Shri Lalu, village Nedach said due to 200-300 workers are working in the mines and

no loss has been done by this mine, hence permission should be given to the mine.

5. Smt. Tulsi R/o village Needach: There is no loss due to this mine; the mine owners

should arrange water.

6. Shri Ram Singh village Losing: The people are getting employment due to which

development has taken place in the area. There is no effect on environment due to this

mine. We have no problem with this mine.

7. Shri Devi Singh Ex-Sarpanch R/o Village Semal: We are getting employment due

to this mine and we have no problem with this mine.

8. Shri Dal Chand R/o Kalora: The people of nearby villages are getting employment

due to this mine otherwise we have to move the other mine for getting employment

otherwise they have to move far places for employment. Due to this mine there is no

adverse effect on water or environment. The mine owners are helping us in various

social work. He is also arranging water, and also helping in various other matter.

In the end all present public unimously in one voice gave their consent for clearance

of the project.

In the end Shri B.L. Meharda, representative of District Collector, Rajsamand hope

that the mining project will do social and economic development in the area and the

people of nearby areas will get employment. Shri Mehrada also suggested to mine

owner to give employment on priority basis to local people and directed the mine

owner to work according to Mining Plan and to do large scale plantation and also

suggested to do mining as per norms of mining department. Shri Meharda also

directed to dump overburden of Soapstone & Dolomite at earmarked place and plan

out for medical health of the local people.

In the end Shri Meharda appreciated the vision and positive thinking and good

cooperation of the local people.

PAGE NO. (119)




Shri Veer Singh Brijvasi, Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board,

Udaipur thank the public representative and other present for their presence.

The list of the members present is enclosed for reference.

Sd/- Veer Singh Brijvasi Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Udaipur

Sd/-B.L. Meharda (R.A.S.)

Addl. District Collector (Representative District

Collector), Rajsamand

PAGE NO. (120)




TIME BOUND ACTION PLAN IN RESPECT OF PUBLIC HEARING HELD ON 4.10.2008 WILL BE UNDERTAKEN

Time bound action plan in respect of public hearing for environmental clearance for

Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite mine, tehsil Nathdwara, District Rajsamand of

M/s. Mahesh Mantri c/o Yash Enterprises

The public hearing held on 4.10.2008 at 12.45 P.M. There was an overwhelming

response from the local residents who unanimously felt that the mines should be

continued & production enhancement would result in increased prosperity & better

job opportunities for them.

As far as the plantation is concerned the lessee is committed to plant 1000 sapling per

ha as given in mining plan, EIA/EMP report. Thus the plantation work will be fully

implemented. One local person will be appointed in plantation committee to take care

of these plants on a regular basis. A biologist has been consulted about the choice of

plants and ways to maintain the ecological balance and bio-diversity of the region.

Lessee will also provide Plants and tree guards for Environment protection and to

increase scenic beauty of area.

The water collected in pit during rains will be used for plantation, wet drilling & dust

suppression. This will be done immediately.

All workers from surrounding villages will be given employment, however 5 to 6

supervisory staff may be from outside.

Minimum wages as per central rule is paid from day one, group insurance of workers

be done under Workmen Compensation Rules.

All workers are medically examined as per Mines Rules, 1955 & the lessee will

arrange medical check up camp for workers & for the nearby villagers. All personal

safety equipments like safety helmets, boots are provided to all workers.

Lessee immediately takes action for welfare work in village and gives fund to making

temple.

PAGE NO. (121)




7.2 Risk Assessment: The mining operations involve various types of risks.

Risk : The risk is the chance of something happening that will ultimately have

a negative effete on health and safety of the person, as well as material

& resources. The risk is measured in terms of likelihood of events &

their consequent loss.

Risk : Likelihood (Probability) x consequence loss.

Identification of Risk (disaster factors in core & buffer zones):- This is large

mechanized opencast mine with a lease area of 129.50 hect, employing a total

manpower of 50 persons.

Excavations are being done by using HEMM by making 6.5 to 7 m. height bench and

about 8 m. wide benches.

Risk from side fall : In Mining there are always risk of side fall in working pit if not

properly kept, sloped & benched and hence it is essential to keep vigil in this respect in

opencast mining the maximum accident took place due to this factor.

Prevention from side fall: The mining supervisor are been strictly been instructed to

check the sides before start of the shift and rock behavior are constantly been studied,

dressing of side is done constantly in dressing the sites safety belt are been used by the

workers. The bench slope is maintained to 800 and height & width of bench are kept

properly sloped.

2. Risk in dump and dumping area:

The disposal of waste will raised unmanageable heights & will be dangerous to side

fall. managed in such a way that its stabilization is being done by planting vegetation

which will be started from a side to avoid edge & side mass from rolling down.

The angle of repose into consideration while dumping of waste.

During rains the problem is more serious.

Prevention/Mitigation Measures: That proper dumping and unloading of

overburden, spotter always remain in dump area. In order to guide the vehicles.

Proper terracing has been done required at every 10 mts. interval.

PAGE NO. (122)




Plantation has been done on the terracing which give a binding factor in the dump

area. Retaining wall in the toe of the dump has been made and proper drainage by

way of garland drain has been made in toe of dump.

Water is not allowed to percolate on the top of dump area, that large scale plantation

has been done in the dump area.

Risk in handling of explosive and blasting practices: The handling of explosives

and blasting involve a great risk if not properly handled it may cause disaster.

Prevention:

Explosive:

i. Storage of Explosive: The explosives are being stored in proper designed and

approved licenced magazine.

ii. The magazine is having lighting arrester to prevent accidental blast due to

atmospheric lighting.

iii. Fencing is made all around the magazine 15 mts.

iv. 24 hour guard is posted guard is provided with proper shelter.

v. Magazine in charge keeps all record regarding receipt, issue & return of the explosive.

vi. Unauthorized persons are not allowed in the magazine premises.

vii. Explosive is issued to blasting incharge on the bases of indent duly passed by

Manager or Asst. manager.

viii. Explosive transportation is carried out in proper boxes and transported by blaster &

helper. Gelatine & detonator are not carried in the same box.

ix. Primer Cartridges are made in blaster shelter by experienced workers.

x. Charging: Calculated amount of explosive is charged.

PRECAUTION TO PREVENT ACCIDENT DURING BLASTING:

1. All the person are removed from blasting site.

2. Guards deployed to keep all people away from danger zone.

3. Pillars are erected at a distance of every 500 mts., all around. These pillars are

constructed also to identify the distance of 500 mts.

4. Warning siren is hooted before blasting.

PAGE NO. (123)




5. Blaster takes safe shelter before blasting which is at least 200 mts, away from

blasting site.

6. Only qualified trained persons are being employed.

Possibility of outbreak of fire: Fire is a significant hazard to the safety and health of

mine workers and life of mine too. A large fire in a mine can be a serious threat. The

hazardous nature and typical remoteness of mining operations makes extra vigilance in

preventing and adequately preparing for fire.

The leading causes of mine fires include flame cutting and welding operations, friction,

mobile equipment malfunctions, and the prevention, early and reliable detection, control,

and suppression of mine fire are critical elements in safeguarding the lives and livelihood

of miners and miners.

Prevention

Inflammable material will be stored in fire proof containers.

Dry vegetation will not be stored near diesel storage and adequate fire fighting

arrangements will be provided near the same.

Sufficient supply of sand, or portable fire extinguishers used as fire fighting

arrangement.

Electric apparatus & cables are being checked regularly.

High speed diesel and lubricants which can be highly inflammable have to be stored

separately in a storage tank as per the specification.

Workers are being trained in fire fighting at strategic location.

Risk in Storage of Diesel and oil lubricants:

Prevention: Diesel at the mine is stored in a proper underground tank for which the

lessee has obtained a license from Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization,

Govt. of India. The diesel is issued to vehicles strictly under control by supervisory

staff. Proper fencing is done in the area. Fire extinguishers and sand buckets are

available in the premises. No unauthorized person is allowed in the premises. The

diesel tank has been given earthing so that in case of any lighting no mishap can take

place.

PAGE NO. (124)




Vehicle Movement and prevention of accident from vehicles: If Vehicles are not

maintained properly it may lead to accident while in operation in mines or in

workshop. Therefore proper maintenance of vehicles is carried out at workshop as per

schedule prescribed by the manufacturers. A mechanical engineer supported by mistry

and helper has been appointed for this job.

Machinery being deployed at present

Name of Machines

No. Risk involved Preventive Measures

1. Shovel a. Tata Hitachi Ex-110 b. Tata Hitachi Ex-200 c. Tata Hitachi Ex-201

3 Risk in operation of loading machines.

Some times stones fall from the bucket and the persons working near by suffer injury. Sometimes the injury might prove fatal. Therefore nobody should be allowed to remain in the swing area of the shovel bucket.

In case of high benches under cutting is not allowed otherwise it may result in bench failure or total collapse

Reverse alarm to caution the persons about the reversal of shovel.

No body will be allowed in bucket swing area.

No under cutting will be allowed.

Wagon drill machine

2 Drill bits of proper size is to be used. The operator should be competent & maintain proper pressure.

When a drill is being moved from one drilling area to another, the mast is placed in a safe position & drill steels, tools etc. are properly secured.

Name of Machines

No. Risk involve Preventing Measures

Compressor a. Atlas compressor b. IR. compressor c. Tractor compressor

4 Cylinder may sometimes burst. Safe cap & safety valve should be checked to avoid any possible accident.

Compressor should be installed on safe place preferably on a rigid platform.

Overheating should be avoided.

The compressor should be properly maintained. The suitable lubricating oil used in the compressor should be of a type to minimize production of CO, & harmful gases in the compressor air.

PAGE NO. (125)




J.C.B. Loader

1 The oiling greasing and regular maintenance is essential.

The J.C.B. operators are properly trained & have adequate knowledge about the Do’s & Don’ts.

D.G. Set 1 The D.G. set should be installed as per guideline. The overheating should avoided.

Trained workers in fire fighting at strategies location & mock-drill will be carried out regularly.

Sufficient supply of portable fire extinguishers will be made available for fire fighting.

Trippers/ dumper 16 Deployment of dumper at may lead to fall of dumpers.

Accident in the mines may occur due to high speed. Therefore speed should be checked to avoid any possible accident.

When dumpers are loaded, nobody should come under swing area.

PAGE NO. (126)




Risk of employment of untrained persons: There is a constant risk in employment

of untrained workers. Such persons may cause accident because of lack of their

knowledge and hence it is very important that qualified trained persons be employed

for various mining operations:-

i. Mining operation: All persons starting from Mines Manager, to Blaster are

competency certificate holders issued by Director General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad.

They are well experienced in their job.

ii. The management along with adjoining mine owner has establish a Group Mine

Vocational Training Centre where workers of this mine and adjoining of mine are

getting Vocational Training.

iii. That time to time refresher courses are also arranged for the workers.

Risk of Occupational Diseases: In mine occupational workers may get occupational

diseases and hence it becomes necessary to prevent the same.

That periodical medical examination of all the workers is done as per Mines Rules,

1995. A First Aid Room with all the equipments exist in the mines where Doctor form

Limestone & Dolomite Welfare Board along with paramedical staff in a mobile

vehicle visit the mines twice in week. In case of any need sick persons can be shifted

to Hospital of Limestone & Dolomite Welfare Board existing at about 10 km. at

Odan.

First Aid Training: All the supervisors & workers are trained in first aid,

periodically refresher course are arrange to give refresher training.

To create safety consciousness a pit safety committee under the chairmanship of

Mines Manger is in operation and every year this mine participate in Mines Safety

Week and twice overall safety award in Mines Safety Week has been done by this

mine apart from other prizes.

Other possible risk & prevention measures:

Danger signs have been displayed at suitable locations.

Only authorized and trained persons are permitted to operate and maintain

equipments.

PAGE NO. (127)




The possible risk due to ground water contamination being caused by surface run off

from the mines can be started by adopting suitable measures such as construction of

peripheral drainage around the waste dump and check dams at suitable places. This

aspect has already been covered in EMP.

The rise in SPM due to the mining operations thereby causing air pollution are also be

suitably controlled by measures as discussed in the EMP.

Disaster Management Plan: The aim of disaster management plan is to minimize

the adverse effects of a hazard through effective precautionary actions and to ensure

timely, appropriate and efficient organization and delivery of emergency response

following the impact of a disaster.

The pit safety committee (PSC) has been constituted at the mine level consisting of a

mine manager essentially among others which has the aim of promoting safety in the

mines. It is manned by qualified persons and the duties and responsibilities of the

same are being fixed. Safety education & training is provided to the workers and

employees of the mines.

The committee is discuss remedial measures against the unsafe conditions & practices

in the mines, inquire about the accidents and give its recommendations. It will also

organize the Mines Safety Week and other safety related competition.

The PSC is also remain in touch with local hospitals and community health centres

and will provide first aid facility whenever required. It is also consist of a person who

is well versed with providing first aid facility. The board indicating the contact

persons of relevant departments alongwith their contact numbers is displayed at the

mine site and office so that they can be contacted easily during any form of disaster.

An alarm or hooter is also been provided to call all the available staff for help in case

of any emergency.

The Safety Audit of the mines is also be carried out by experts in association with the

pit safety committee (PSC) to assess the safety standards of the mines, to analysis the

causes of accidents and to suggest measures to prevent any such recurrence in future.

PAGE NO. (128)




Safety Management: Safety management for mining operations is governed by a

very well defined set of rules, regulations etc. framed by Government of India and

modified from time to time.

Legislative Frame Work: All the operations in any metalliferous mines are regulated

under the Mines Act, 1952 and rules and regulations framed under it. Metalliferous

mines Regulations is a comprehensive legislation framed under the Mines Act and it

takes care of the technical and safety aspects of the mining operations.

Mining legislations have been modified from time to time to meet the challenge of the

new risks from newer technology and technical advancements for ensuring better

safety standards in mines to ensure compliance with the relevant regulation.

Government of India has also constituted an Inspectorate under the Ministry of

Labour (Director General of Mines Safety – DGMS).

The officers of DGMS carry out periodic inspections to ensure that mining operations

are in conformity with the law. Permission of DGMS is obtained for various activities

as required, including permission to work with Heavy Earth Moving Machinery.

The organizational requirements for ensuring safety, as laid down in the different

regulations, are built into the overall of the mine.

Safety Policy: Safety of both men and materials is accorded maximum priority in the

mine. A occupational health and safety policy has been framed with the following

objectives. In general following measure is being taken.

Δ To improve working conditions and environment;

Δ To propagate safety measures and create safety consciousness among workmen,

supervisors and officials, which is done during Safety Week, Environment Week.

Δ To train workmen as well as the supervisors in their respective fields of operations;

Δ To reduce the scope of accidents and to aim at accident free performance;

Δ To adopt measures for improvement in health standards;

Δ To ensure that no long term effects on health due to industrial environment take place.

Δ To ensure that all statutory provisions relating to safety are followed.

PAGE NO. (129)




Occupational health: That due to mining activities following impact can take place

on workers.

(a) Impact due to the generation of dust.

(b) Any occupational disease.

(c) Safety of the person due to various factors like fall of side, accident due to explosive ,

running of Dumper etc.

I. Health:

To prevent the inhalation of air borne dust by the workers, following measures are

being taken up.

While drilling all provisions of Metalliferous Mine Regulation, 1961 are being

followed.

i) Dust is suppressed as close as possible to its source of formation.

ii) During any operation of drilling the production of dust is reduced by using drill-bits

which are sharp and of proper shape; keeping suitable air-pressure on the bit; and

Clearing the cuttings from the bit;

Occupational Health Surveillance at Mine:

1. That a Medical Officer of Limestone and Dolomite Welfare Board visits twice in a

week at mine site alongwith paramedical staff, in a van.

2. All supervisory staff have been trained in First Aid. A First Aid Room exists at the

mine.

3. Vibration studies of various mining machinery has been done before their

introduction in mining operations as per ISO standards.

4. Ergonomical assessment of all latest machines, before their introduction into mining

operation as per ISO standards. ergonomical assessment is included:

* Assessment of work process.

* Assessment of working Aids/tools

* Assessment of working posture

5. Potability tests of drinking water supplied to the mine employees, is being made once

in a year.

PAGE NO. (130)




6. Initial medical examination has been done to all workers as per Rule 29 of Mines

Rules, 1955.

7. The frequency of periodic medical examinations existing five years, and three years for the mining employees above 45 years of age.

8. Employees engaged in driving/ HEMM operation jobs undergo refraction test at least once in a year

9. As mineral Soapstone and Dolomite is non toxic, no other occupational disease is anticipated.

10. Protective personal equipments like dust mask aspirators are used. 11. All precautions under Metallifersous Mines Regulation are being taken.

12. Safety Education & Training: Safety education is considered an important means in pursuit of accident prevention. Before induction, workmen are provided vocational training at the mine. Basic training is provided by faculty from training center to the qualified persons. The skilled category workmen are provided specialized training in their respective areas of work. Training is also arranged for supervisory categories. Specialized training is provided to all the new entrants in fire fighting and first aid. A Mine Vocational Training Centre named as "Haldighati Mine Vocational Training Centre" exists at Semal adjoining the mine in which the mine workers of this mine and other mines are been trained.

7.3 Relief & Rehabilitation Actions Plans: As far as the area is concerned, there is no increase in area of the mines and only increase in targeted production is sought. Hence there will not be displacement of population. The importance of mitigation measures has been highlighted & ensured that after the implementation of EMP there will not be any appreciable effect on the environment. However, there is an adequate provision of medical health check ups and supply of free medicine to the ailing people in general. As and general as and when the emergency situation will arises the mines administration is well equipped to tackle the same.

The mine workers are being provided with all safety equipments rest shelter, cool and wholesome drinking water, conducive atmosphere of work. As the workers we in nearby villages, no housing facilities are required, excepting for 10, 12 supervisory staff who being to outside place.

PAGE NO. (131)




8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure: The impact of mining on the civic

amenities will be substantial after the commencement of increased in targeted

production. The basic requirement of the community needs will be strengthed by

extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township to the

community, providing drinking water to the village, building/strengthening of existing

roads in the area. The lessee will initiate the above amenities either by strengthening

or by improving the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living

standards of local communities.

The construction of new roads or strengthening of roads in project area will enhance

the transportation facilities. With improved transportation facilities there is always a

scope for development. The communication facilities will improve after the

commencement of mining activities.

Medical facilities are being provided in the form of dispensary at mine site and these

medical facilities would also be available to local people in the surrounding in case of

emergencies.

8.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure

Generation of employment and improved standard of living;

Increased revenue to the state by way of royalty, taxes and duties;

Superior communication and transport facilities etc.

In addition to above, due to increase in purchasing power of local in habitants:

There will be significant change in the socio-economic scenario of the area.

The proposed project will enhance the prospects of employment.

Recruitment for the unskilled and semi-skilled workers for the project activities on

contractual basis from the nearby villages.

The development of the basic amenities viz. roads, transportation, electricity, drinking

water, proper sanitation, educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment, etc.

will be developed as far as possible.

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 88:: PPRROOJJEECCTT BBEENNEEFFIITTSS

PAGE NO. (132)




Overall the expansion of project will change living standards of the people and

improve the socio-economic conditions of the area.

8.3 Employment Potential: The renewal and expansion of mining activities will provide

employment to persons of different skills and trades on contractual basis. The local

population will have preference to get an employment. The employment potential will

ameliorate economic conditions of these families directly and provide employment to

many other families indirectly who are involved in business and service oriented

activities. The employment of local people in primary and secondary sectors of

project will upgrade the prosperity of the region. This will in-turn improve the socio-

economic conditions of the area.

8.4 Other tangible benefits: Apart from the improvement in physical infrastructure,

social infrastructure and the awareness of employment generation, there are some

other benefits from the project. After the scheme of plantation is adopted and enmass

plantation done, the area can very well be developed into a green orchard &

recreational spot after the mines closure. Although it may take time but a picnic spot

can be developed alongwith a planned scheme of development of a botanical garden.

The same shall always be a source of attraction of tourists, scientists, students and can

earn livelihood for the persons residing in the area after the closure of the mine.

PAGE NO. (133)




The mines manager will ensure that proper environment measures are taken to protect

the environment. He has been recruited at the mine & for this purpose. A competent

& qualified person, (M.Sc. (Environment), will be appointed as environment head to

supervise the implementation of monitoring programme.

The environmental head will co-ordinate with the consultant for evolving & execution

systematic of monitoring programme. Environmental head will also supervise, water

quality assessment, health studies, collection of statistics of health of workers,

population of the region, implementation of afforestation & green belt development

plan in line with the requirements.

In addition, environment incharge will send regularly the monitoring report to MoEF

and consent to operate & will regularly ensure compliance to dispatch its report to the

regulatory bodies Environment incharge will the forest department as and when need

regarding afforestation programme. The environment in charge will arrange medical

check up for mine workers.

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 99:: EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN

Mines Manager / Execution Mechanization of Environment Management Plan

Asstt. Manager

Environment Incharge Mining Incharge

Plantation Incharge Safety Incharge

PAGE NO. (134)




ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: Management, executives and workers of Acchi

Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite Mine are fully committed to protect the environment by

adopting proven and eco friendly technology and practices, wherever feasible;

ensuring compliance of all the prevailing & applicable statutory requirements on mine

safety and environment to produce quality Soapstone & Dolomite in a cost effective

manner at their mine located at village Acchi Bavri in Distt. Rajsamand.

If during the course of mining, any environmental violations occur this will be

identified and dealt in accordance with the documented procedure.

The management will always make unstinted collective efforts to achieve this goal of

protecting the environment in and around the said mine.

The above policy will be fully implemented by the management after the start of

mining operation.

Standard Operating Procedure & Hierarchical System followed for dealing with

Environmental Violations/Non Compliances

• Whenever any environmental violation/non compliance are pointed by the regulatory

bodies, it is immediately brought to the notice of top management by the Mines

Manager and discussed thoroughly.

• Consultant is intimated about the same and remedial action plan needed to address the

said violation/non compliance is chalked out.

• Environmental monitoring is carried out, if needed, for the related aspect to

circumvent the observed violation/non compliance and evolve the remedial measures.

• Appropriate report is prepared incorporating the implementation of remedial measures

to check and avoid the future recurrence of such violence/non compliance, wherever

possible.

• Report is submitted to the regulatory authority (PCB) by the mine owner for the verification of the said remedial measures.

• After receiving affirmative letter from them, the violation/non compliance are deemed to have been addressed and the case is closed. Hierarchical System followed for dealing with Environmental Violations/Non Compliances Standard operating procedures as described are quite clear and self explanatory with respect to hierarchical system followed in dealing with the non compliance. Box diagrammatic presentation of the same is, however, given below:

PAGE NO. (135)




The Hierarchical System for dealing with Environment Issue Reporting System for Non Compliances: This is a small mine, as such having no Board of directors and /or shareholders or stakeholders. Mine proprietor is the highest authority for taking major administrative & financial decisions. However, day to day administrative affairs and all technical matters and mine operations are dealt by a qualified mine manager. In the event of any non compliances /violations of environmental norms, the mine manager brings the same to the notice of the proprietor and further it is dealt as outlined in the Standard Operating Procedure.

PAGE NO. (136)




10.1 Availability of funds for Environmental Protection Measures

Funds for Green belt protection: The management of the firm is conscious about

environment & earmarked funds for environmental protections as mentioned in

Chapter No.6. The management has made provision for afforestation in the mine area

and provisions for water tankers, tree guards have been made. Apart from mine area

the management is contributing for the protection of environment and afforestation in

the area.

10.2. Implementation Schedule: The mitigation measures are already implemented in the

lease area. However certain improvements suggested by Apex Mintech Consultants

has also been initialized, viz:-

a) Providing more green belt: Regulation plantation in the mine area and around is

undertaken.

b) Mitigation measures for socio economic aspects.

- Funding for pucca road construction in the area.

- Arrangement of medical camps especially for family planning in the villages of the

study area.

Monitoring of water quality: The ground water will be monitored from time to time

twice in a year.

Monitoring of Air Pollution: Ambient air quality monitoring would be done as per

norms of RPCB/MOEF, i.e. twice in a year.

Soil Monitoring: The soil analysis of station would be done at least twice in a year.

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 1100:: SSUUMMMMAARRYY AANNDD CCOONNCCLLUUSSIIOONN

PAGE NO. (137)




10.3. Monitoring Schedule Table 10.1

Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters Particulars Monitoring

frequencies Imp. monitor parameters

Ground Water Twice in a year pH, SS, TDS, Iron, Cl, Hardness,

alkalinity, No3, PO4 Ambient Air Quality Twice in a year SPM, SO2 & NOx

Soil Analysis Twice in a year pH conductivity SO4, NO3, PO4 texture,

Alkalinity Noise Twice in a year Noise level in dBA

10.4 Recommendation: The survey conducted by Apex Mintech Consultants reveals

that the management is providing continual improvement of Environment. The air

environment after momentary dust cloud formation is suppressed by water sprinkling.

The other sources of fugitive emissions are regularly sprinkled with water. The

management has provided ear muffs & helmets to the workers at the mine.

The regular medical check – up of workers is carried out. Green belt development is

stressed & workers are motivated for plantation care. The general environmental

awareness is given to the local workers. Regular maintenance of vehicles is carried

out, slogans of Environment, health & Safety are recommended for display.

10.5 Overall justification for implementation of the project: In this report, the

anticipated impacts on the environment have been discussed at length. The proposed

environment management plan to mitigate the impacts on the environment has also

been considered.

It was found that after the implementation of EMP for enhancement project and thus

reducing the impact to the environment, the project is feasible and moreover it will

help in the development of the area by providing an enhancement in the infrastructure

facilities, and increase in the socio-economic status of the area by creating more job

opportunities etc. Thus the project under consideration helps in the development of

the area as well as providing necessary material for the construction based sector. It

can be said this to cherish the goal of sustainable development i.e. development not at

the cost of loss to the future generation this project can be from signal. It is also worth

PAGE NO. (138)




to point out here that the modelling conducted to anticipate the increase in pollution

parameter also indicates that at the points where baseline data were measured, the

increase in the main parameters of air pollution i.e. SPM is not appreciable. This was

predicted by considering the worst case scenario. A small increase in SPM levels will

not make much difference in the overall air quality of the area and the ambient

standards as per the norms are not being exceeded. As far as the development work is

concerned the surrounding area will be benefited in terms of the enhanced facilities

which will be provided by the mines in terms of the medical check ups, provision of

supply of free medicines, increase in education related facilities, infrastructure

development. Moreover all measures will be taken to increase greenery of the area by

undertaking intensive plantation measure.

PAGE NO. (139)




APEX MINTECH CONSULTANTS

(An ISO-9001 & ISO-14001 certified and QCI-NABET Accredited organization) 21, RAVINDRA NAGAR, UDAIPUR

TELEFAX (0294) 2490760 (O), 2490803 (R) E-mail: [email protected]

Name of the Project: Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite Mine M/s. Mahesh Mantri C/o Yash Enterprises Nature of consultancy

Name and address of the Consultants/expert

Approvals, if any from (NABL/ DGMS / IBM / NRBPT / MOEF / CPCB / others etc)* give reference

EIA/EMP Organization

Apex Mintech Consultants, Regd. as an RQP by Indian Bureau of Mines Reg. No. RQP/UDP/244/2003/B Telefax No. (0294) 2490760 [email protected]

Functional Area Name and address of the Consultant/expert Env. Coordinator SHRI AMIT SAXENA

12, Vinayak Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur, Mobile: 9829161803

e-mail: [email protected] FAE-Land Use PRAGNYA PRIYADARSINI NANDA

At Ghatakudi PO- Khajuria Via Bramhagiri, Distt. Puri Orissa

Mobile: 08260755291 e-mail: [email protected]

FAE-Air Pollution DR. Y.L. MEHTA 57, Gokul Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur


FAE-Air Quality SHRI K.V. RAMESH

291/1, Hiran Magri, Sector No.11, Udaipur e-mail: [email protected]

CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 1111:: DDIISSCCLLOOSSUURREE OOFF CCOONNSSUULLTTAANNTTSS

PAGE NO. (140)




Functional Area Name and address of the Consultant/expert

FAE-Water Pollution DR. Y.L. MEHTA 57, Gokul Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur,Mobile: 9829600859

e-mail: [email protected] DR. K.L. MENARIA

A-1, Santosh Nagar, Gariyawas, Udaipur Mobile: 9414005343

e-mail: [email protected]

FAE-Ecology & Biodiversity

DR. ANITA JAIN 17, Baneda House, Fatehpura Road, Udaipur


SH. RADHE SHYAM Radhe Shyam S/o Sh. Pala Singh,

V.P.O. Amar Pura Jalu (Khat), Teh- Sangaria Dist- Hanumangarh (Raj.)- 335063

Mobile: 98294-35376 e-mail: [email protected]

FAE-Noise & Vibration SHRI AMIT SAXENA 12, Vinayak Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur


DEEPIKA AMETA Bhinder, Udaipur

e-mail:

FAE-Socio-Economics

Mridula Bairwa D-27 MB General Hospital Campus, Udaipur (Rajasthan).

Mobile: 0294- 2525426 e-mail: [email protected].

SMT. REEMA SAXENA 12, Vinayak Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur


FAE-Hydro-Geology SHRI R.K. PORWAL 7, Badi Maheshwarion Ki Gali, Dhan Mandi, Udaipur.


FAE-Geology SHRI R.K. PORWAL 7, Badi Maheshwarion Ki Gali,

Dhan Mandi, Udaipur. Mobile: 9460727064

e-mail: [email protected]

PAGE NO. (141)




Functional Area NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE CONSULTANT/EXPERT FAE-Risk Assessment & Hazard Management

SHRI AMIT SAXENA 12, Vinayak Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur


AE-Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste

Management

DR. Y.L. MEHTA 57, Gokul Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur


FAE- Soil

MS. SONALI SINGH 70-71, Hiran Magri, Sector 6, Udaipur


FOR: M/S. MAHESH MANTRI FOR: APEX MINTECH CONSULTANTS

MAHESH MANTRI (R.D. SAXENA)

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