Cam Mba1 Ppt

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Computer Applications In

Management

Lecture PPT MBA(I)

R.Faculty Tushar PradhanNIS Academy-Vadodara Centre


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Lecture 1.1-1.5

(Computer Systems) Key components of a computer

The Computer

The Monitor

The Keyboard

The Mouse

The Floppy Diskette Drive The CD-ROM drive

Peripherals


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Components of a computer system Processor Main Memory Secondary Memory Input Devices

Output Devices CPU Memory (RAM, ROM, BIOS, Cache, Registers, Virtual Memory) Mother board Power Supply Hard Disk IDE PCI Bus

Serial Bus SCSI AGP Sound Card AGP Graphics Card


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Components Characteristics-1 CPU: This is the brain of a computer. Today Intel Pentium, Core 2,

Core5 and Core7 processors, AMD processors, Motorola are some ofthe prominent microprocessor chips running the PCs worldwide. Themain function of CPU is to process data through its Arithmetic and

Logic unit and access different programs stored in RAM forprocessing. It also controls all the functions of all the componentsresiding in the computer hardware.

Memory: This is to store the data. Its main function is fast storage andfast retrieval of data. It is directly connected to the processor. It isavailable today in memory size of 512MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 8GB, 16 GB(high end user). The size of RAM tells you how much big anapplication can reside on the RAM for quick processing with the CPU.Especially 3D games require a higher RAM for fast processing ofimages. The main memory of this form are : RAM, ROM, BIOS, Cahe, Virtual


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Component Characteristics -2 Mother board: It is a circuit board which has the CPU, the memory, the mouse,

the keyboard, the Visual display, the modem, the speakers, the graphic cards,all the peripheral devices, etc. connected directly or indirectly through it.

IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) Controller: It is the primary interface for

Hard drive, CD-ROM and FDD PCI Bus: Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus is the most common way of

connecting additional components to a computer.

SCSI: Small computer system interface helps to connect additional deviceslike hard drives, scanners.

AGP: Accelerated Graphics port is a high-speed connection used by thegraphics card to load images speedily (this is useful for playing 3d games)

Flash Memory: EEEPROM- Electrically erasable programmable read-onlymemory like CompactFlash, PCMCIA cards, Memory sticks are very smalldevices which function as storage medium.

USB: Universal serival Bus, USB ports are versatile for connecting most ofdevices now a days. One important application is the USB Pen drives.


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Database/ Database Models/Data

base Applications (db) Database: Collection of logically related data designed to meet the information

needs of one or more users. A database has records arranged as a set of dataelements(facts) in such a way that easy retrieval and sorting of records in thedatabase is possible.

Database Models: The ways of organizing the schema ( schema is a termmeaning structural description of data held in the database) is known as thedatabase modeling. The most common model is the relationship model. Here

data is arranged in rows and columns in tables. Further different tables havecommonality in its data. The common point between two tables is defined asthe key or primary key. This key links the different tables and generatesunique record related to the key. In MSAccess when designing a new databasetable, a field called primary key gets automatically generated for help in therelationship or linking model .

DBMS: Database management systems: These are based on the type of

database model (relational, hierarchical, etc. that your data is based on). Thequery language is used for operations on the database, for example filter, sort,new field from old field etc. Structured Query Language (SQL) , Access,Oracle provide valuable query and DBMS usage.

Applications: Different application softwares (API- Application programminginterface) can retrieve information stored in a database through two commonlyused database APIs namely: DBC (database connect) and ODBC (Objectdatabase connect) .


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Database Concept


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Traditional File Management


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Query Section-Unit 1 Explain in brief about the components of a

computer system?

Describe in detail the components of acomputer system with a diagram.

What is a database? What are the applicationsof a database?

Write in brief about Database Models. Define the terms : Data, Information,

Database, Field, Record


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End of Unit 1


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(UNIT 2) Lecture 2.1-2.12

(Computer Applications and MIS)Processing Systems

Batch Processing Systems: Example, data-

processing batch command files, printing batchfiles

Real Time Systems: Hard Real time systemslike Refinery process systems; Soft Real time

systems like Schedule of flights at an Airport Simulation Systems: examples Aircraft

simulator, games

Benefits of using computer systems


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MIS A generic View

Objectives of MIS:Operational ExcellenceNewer ways for Products, Services and business Models Customer IntimacyImproved Decision making Competitive advantage

Survival


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Sources of Management Information

Schematic


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Corporate

databases

ofinternal

data

Databases

ofexternal

data

Databasesof

valid

transactions

Operational

databases

Transactionprocessing

systems

Managementinformation

systems

Decision

support

systems

Executivesupport

systems

Expert

systems

Business

transactions

Input and

error list

Drill-down reports

Exception reports

Demand reports

Key-indicator reports

Scheduled

reports

Employees

Corporate

intranet

Application

databases


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Outputs of a

Management Information System

Scheduled reports Produced periodically, or on a schedule (daily, weekly,

monthly)

Key-indicator report Summarizes the previous days critical activities

Typically available at the beginning of each day

Demand report

Gives certain information at a managers request

Exception report Automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires

management action


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Scheduled Report Example

Daily Sales Detail Report

Prepared: 08/10/xx

Order#

CustomerID

SalesRep ID

ShipDate Quantity Item # Amount

P12453 C89321 CAR 08/12/96 144 P1234 $3,214

P12453 C89321 CAR 08/12/96 288 P3214 $5,660

P12453 C03214 GWA 08/13/96 12 P4902 $1,224

P12455 C52313 SAK 08/12/96 24 P4012 $2,448

P12456 C34123 JMW 08J/13/96 144 P3214 $720


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Key Indicator Report Example

Daily Sales Key Indicator Report

ThisMonth

LastMonth

LastYear

Total Orders Month to Date $1,808 $1,694 $1,014

Forecasted Sales for the Month $2,406 $2,224 $2,608


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Demand Report Example

Daily Sales by Sales Rep Summary Report

Prepared: 08/10/xxSales Rep ID Amount

CAR $42,345

GWA $38,950

SAK $22,100

JWN $12,350


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Exception Report Example

Daily Sales Exception Report ORDERS OVER $10,000

Prepared: 08/10/xx

Order#

CustomerID

SalesRep ID

ShipDate Quantity Item # Amount

P12453 C89321 CAR 08/12/96 144 P1234 $13,214

P12453 C89321 CAR 08/12/96 288 P3214 $15,660

P12453 C03214 GWA 08/13/96 12 P4902 $11,224


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Outputs of a Management

Information System

Earnings by Quarter (Millions)

Actual Forecast Variance

2ND Qtr 1999 $12.6 $11.8 6.8%

1st Qtr 1999 $10.8 $10.7 0.9%

4th Qtr 1998 $14.3 $14.5 -1.4%

3rd

Qtr 1998 $12.8 $13.3 -3.0%

Etc. See Figure

9.2

Drill Down

Reports

Provide detailed

data about asituation.


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Decision Applications Components Components of Decision applications

Language Systems: Procedures and logical steps are

basis of problem solutions. Use of programminglanguages like C++, Java

Problem processing system: Capabilities includecollecting data and making available managementscience models like linear programming, regression,

decision analytsis Knowledge Systems: It consists of DBMS and

Artificial Intelligence (expert systems)


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Decision Application Resources Resources of decision applications

Hardware Resources: Work stations, TelecommunicationNetworks

Software Resources: Express, Encore are some examplesof DBMS

Data Resources: Data and information extracted fromdatabases

Model Resources: Library of Mathematical models andanalytical tools

People Resources: Managers and special staff using theabove resources to explore decision alternatives


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Functions and Outcomes of

Decision Applications

1. Model Building

2. What-if Analysis

3. Goal seeking analysis

4. Risk analyzing

5. Statistical Analysis

6. Graphical presentation

Outcome: Flexibility, Adaptability and aquick response; control of input and

output; support for advanced solutions


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Decision Making Stages Stages Information Requirement

1. Intelligence Exception Reporting

2. Design Simulation Prototype

3. Choice What-if simulation

4. Implementation

Graphics, Charts


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Marketing Information Systems

Internal reports Market Research

Market Intelligence Marketing Models

Decisions:Strategic, Control,

Operational

PESTLE,

Competition,

Marketing

Environment


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Marketing Intelligence Systems Unfocused scanning

Semi-focused scanning

Informal Search

Formal search


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Analytical Marketing System Time series analysis

Brand switching

Linear programming

Elasticity models

Regression and correlation

ANOVA Sensitivity analysis

Discounted cash flows

Spreadsheet what-if


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Feedback System Feedback loop for auto/manual control

InputProcessing

SystemOutput


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A practical E-Commerce

Application One application of MIS in online business domain is the E-Commerce

application of IT in real world.

Take the example of some e-commerce site like: www.shaadi.com

Business operation of shaadi website. There are multiusers on this site.Prospective grooms and brides register on this site with their detailslike family background, persons physical and health background,photographs of the person, income background, horoscope details,expectation of that person for the prospect. All shaadi users logon tothe site and send expression of interest to their respective prospects.They get in touch on-line through the shaadi site and get on with theprocess of communicating and if the members agree getting married.

How does shaadi earn money? There is a subscription fee for being onthis site. Add on services are also chargeable. Some kind of fee istaken when the marriage is fixed through the site. Advertising revenueis generaged by allowing other companies to advertise their producton the shaadi website.


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Query-Unit 2 What are the benefits of using a computer system?

Discuss the Batch processing system and Real time systems

What are the components of Decision Application?

What are the resources needed for Decision Application? What are the Functions and outcomes of Decision Application?

What are the stages in Decision making process?

MIS and aspects for successful MIS in an organization. Draw adiagram showing the MIS components.

What is a Marketing Research System? Explain with a diagram. What are feedback systems?

What is an Analytical Marketing System?

An application of MIS in online or e-commerce business has tobe discussed in terms of the business model. Here you can takeexample from any internet site which has commercial or

business dimensions.


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End of Unit-2


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Lecture 3.1-3.4

(Information Technology) New developments:

Artificial intelligence (example: your A/C knows when to turn on and when tochange the temperature)

Games playing ( eg. Chess against computer)

Expert systems ( eg. Aircraft pilot training) Natural language (eg. Programming computers to understand human language)

Neural networks ( eg. Simulate intelligence by mimicking animal brains andanimal behaviour)

Virtual reality ( eg. 3d systems which copy the real world systems)

Dataand software:

Software is a set of instructions stored in programs

Data represents all information and data given to computer programs for theprograms to function and give some output information and data

Software quality is in terms of different aspects like aesthetics, correctness,durability, reliability, usability, serviceability, etc.

Data hierarchy: Bits Bytes characters Item Fields Records BlocksFiles DB


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Applications of IT

(Business and Industry) Office Automation: Involves people, ergonomics, text management

systems, Business analysis systems, document management systems,network and communication systems

Home Applications: These include word processors, spreadsheets,

database programs, accounting packages, smart cards Home Entertainment: Computer games, dvd players, movie makers,

creative softwares like photoshop, leisure applications like e-books andnovels, Computer in movies, Computers in music, Computers inadvertising

Education and training: Computer aided instructions, technology-

culture-literacy level, programming tools, simulation and games,presentation aids, interactive media, authoring tools, distance learning

Computers in Arts, Medicine, Science and Engineering: These arecustomized applications related to these fields

Computers in production: computer aided manufacturing and design,product data management

Business transactions: Electronic data interchange (EDI) fortransferring business documents


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Query- Unit 3 What is artificial intelligence?

What is virtual reality?

What are the different characteristics in a software that you will see whenselecting a new software in terms of software quality considerations?

What is a data hierarchy? Explain with a diagram. Give the application of information technology in the field of Office

Automation

Give the application of information technology in the field of Education andtraining

Give the application of information technology at Home.

Give the application of information technology in Entertainment.

Give the application of information technology in Art.

Give the application of information technology in Medicine.

Give the application of information technology in Advertising.

Give the application of information technology in Science.

What are the factors to be considered while selecting new IT application forthe Education and Training sector?


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Thank You

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