capitol city plume superfund site - conceptual site model ...

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CAPITOL CITY PLUME SUPERFUND SITE

CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL PRESENTATION

March 15, 2012 By The Advertiser Company and State of Alabama

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 10922540

Confidential ; For Settlement Purposes Only 1

The overall goal of the process is to identify historical users of contaminants

of concern (''CoCs") within the groundwater contaminant plumes and

develop the nexus between the parties identified and the plumes

Primary focus on entities that are viable

Secondary focus on the identification of orphan entities that may have

contributed to the contamination

Build on worR done by EPA to maximize results

As part of its commitment to cooperate with EPA, The Advertiser

Company is currently funding the PRP investigation for the benefit of all

parties

The State is not participating in the PRP investigation

Confidential ; For Settlement Purposes Only 7 4

USGS Generalized Boundary of the Capital

City Plume Site

Study Area Boundary

Base Map: 1958 USGS Topographic Maps, Montgomery North and Montgomery South


04 - Sabel Steel 05- Capital Trailways 06- Colonial Trailways 07 - Bearings & Drives of Alabama 08- Harper Lee Machine Works 11 - Davis Dry Cleaners, Inc. 20- Packaging Machinery, Inc. 32- Quaker Supreme Chemical 33- Mount Scrap Material Co. 36- Ed's Electric Motor Service 37- Kershaw Company 41 -Standard Roofing Inc. 42- Swift & Company 43- Allied Mills -Grain & Feed

30 - Norfolk Southern RR 31 - CSX RR 09 - National Cash Register 12 - Alabama Power Company

Wells with TCE

Well with TCE

Temporary Well __ ___, with TCE

08- Harper Lee Machine Works 11 - Davis Dry Cleaners, Inc. 14a- Gulf Oil Co. 14b- Texaco Oil Co. 20- Packaging Machinery, Inc. 32- Quaker Supreme Chemical 33- Mount Scrap Material Co. 35 - Wofford Oil 37 - Kershaw Company

Sanborn Map Pages

- - - - - -~ - - -- -

Confidential; For Settlement Purposes "only 79

G&S c :;55-c. 1ass ;:-s

1975

c. 1gsa.. 1971

c.. 1!165-

Walktr

Printi119 t~S2-1D72

MAP KEY:

Potentially Viable:

D D Dry Gas Ice

Cleaner Station Cream Cash

Printer Register

Orphan:

D D D Dry Auto Electric Printer

Cleaner Repair Motor orGas Repaa-Station

exus Or Viability Not Confirmed:

D Other

. l

Madison Car Wash - 318 Madison Avenue

~-...--

...,....._ .,. ......... o-.-II!M ...... .,.& ._,_ ~Jntn ... J,...,..

JJII. tl'

11--........ ~-M- * DMtliU-'M MIIMI-1-

*""'" ..., I'.Q-. ... m .,_._,JJL __. fiHt-1JU '" ......

DEPARTMENT OP

Ott'*" 1 ' 19t3

Stlvtn 0. Jent1ns, (bl RIM Qllllfll ' a Me Branch Lin!# Ohlt'on

rt N. 1 rT . 011 t.tfl ~u IIC:AA ~I htnf!l Bri!Mh tan D1't $10n

FDI: st C. Hurer ~r'l"t. 9:Jut Unit .:M q.clllane llr lallld lntthiCIII

E: Mad ha.t Car lluh. lrc . 318. M&dls;or t.~re. lblt~f'J', "'lb ~tgoNrf OMI~/CESQGib- t1f1er

Ill> S1p.....,._r l9. l993o .t.t 2: 15 1). , J~ J\ of lot Specltl Projectl I nr1 td at till 11!10 rtfr~tne hole t:Otlr on tile ccntTtte Ya 1t for tl!e \tpn;atar a ad notH ill strofll petch 1 oroetft~ len O~f Cl .-.u rudl ngs d 15D PIJII 1" tt11 ~u I t .

Cllft~nt. va I h 9'X6' X6' tee 11\f tlO t"- tCJtiJ elf tile ru .. t tc!Mnd for COMtrun1on of ttlt a" oil uter !,8ptrtar. allll n It t.Yl- fCK" t CAT '0!11 . . Iilli Of $pW;Ial rro;tKts Ms I I:IJIIJ rJt U..

200 Block- Madison -1950 Sanborn Map

Power Substation

with Transformer

Yard (Viable)

Dry Cleaning Plant

(Orphan)

Tin Shop (Orphan)

Paint Shop (Orphan)

Confidential; For Settlement Purposes Only 82

. l

Madison Car Wash - 318 Madison

..... ..........., IIOIIGI --M. -

u-....-.._..., .. ... lal t !MH

..... -~-... .....,_ r,;,m --... L __. tHS JIBof71J . ..:,...

DEPART ENTO

10: =~.~::!!"~~~ .. LIJ t. d Ohls ' OI' M

r't . I .,. , c:it bUt u

Calpl l a.nc~ Bruch 1.i D11tU IOII

St C. Ml nr ~~ !iaDttl Unof t lk:tA ~llue.t lrtd IMW o...-1 s.lca

~ 1 '5011 C.r tlu 1111: . lll Midi sor An. lbrt.-'I'J', Alt ..,.tgoMr.J COunty/CSQCIIDII..-:t1 t1 er

01t S~taiiT u . )9U 111t 2!15 ~~

' M , IS

Print Room r

Coolers


Sabel SIHI Service

c. t940.Pment

water Treatment Plar~t

Ware 'lOUses &

RaiiSKiOQS

" &Co c.1121-1m

Cdlonl .. OIMI

c.~ ms

Potentially Viable:

1111 DO ll Bus Oil Oil CIMmical Scrap Metal Yard Bulk Mill Pflllt Yard Work

Plant

Orphan:

D D II II Dry

Cleaner Auto

Repair Metal Work

Nexus Or Viability Not Confirmed:

D 11 11 Frei~ Coal

Hulling & Cooking

J'WIFT

Press Room

S0 WAllE' HO

---.~----- --r---------1

... ,,.,

Cotton Gin

2


Continue filtering process for currently identified PRPs

Assist EPA to fill data gaps to establish entity-specific liability

Worb with EPA to engage PRPs with nexus to CoCs

Assist EPA with PRP group expansion


There are multiple source areas; the area of the plumes is large but the concentrations are low

The contaminants of concern are PCE and BTEX

There is no drint:?ing water pathway

Site-specific screening analysis shows no areas with a potential soil vapor risb

There is no evidence of vapor intrusion occurring at 200 Washington Avenue or the State

buildings

EPA's generic conservative screening analysis shows two areas of the Site where additional soil

vapor analysis may be warranted

The indoor air concentrations found in the County and State building are consistent with

typical urban bact:?ground conditions

EPA's historic and proposed soil vapor sampling plan is not warranted based on the data, and

is inconsistent with guidance and the NCP

Viable PRPs will be pursued and FTI will provide support to EPA

The Advertiser Company and the State are not PRPs


.perator Location Tenure* Business Type

Davis Printing 103 Lee c. 1928-1931 Printer - Book and Co 305-317 c. 1935-1985 Commercial

Washington Ave

Walker Printing 310 Dexter Ave 1942-1953 Printer - Book and Co. , Inc. 328 Dexter Ave 1950-1972 Commercial

Davis Cleaners, 330 Madison Ave c. 1978-1980 Dry cleaning Inc. 432 Madison Ave c. 1981-1987 KA- Davis 401 Monroe St c. 1990-1999 ne Hour

Cleaners 473 S. Decatur St c. 1981 - Present

Page 1 *Based on Currently Available Information

Capital City Plume, Montgomery, Alabama Summary Table

Potential Potential Nexus Succession History Contaminants

Waste inks, West and south of the Formed in Alabama on photographic plume area July 6, 1977 as Davis chemicals , plate EPA 104(e) response Printing Company, processing solutions, May 11, 2010 lnc.(Corp ID# 047-320) fountain solutions,

No records for the period 2005 - Name change to cleaning solvents, Davis Direct, Inc. heavy metals on Washington. Active

Waste inks, Operated in the plume Formed in Alabama on photographic area October 25, 1965 as chemicals, plate Walker Printing Co. , Inc. processing solutions,

Responded to EPA 104(e) (Corp ID# 019-564)

fountain solutions, 2010 - Name change to cleaning solvents, on June 1, 2010 Walker 360, Inc. heavy metals Provided almost no Active

information.

Stoddard solvent, Operated in the plume Formed in Alabama on tetracholorethylene area. July 2, 1981 (Corp ID# (PCE) , petroleum Spent dry cleaning 083-153) products to fuel and Active cartridges and empty service delivery trucks drums marked PCE were

found at 401 Monroe Most recent annual

Street by ADEM report 2002 inspectors in 1993.

The 401 Monroe and 473 Donald Davis is identified as S. Decatur addresses the owner/operator of at have current RCRA least four Davis One Hour CESQG permits. Cleaner shops in

Montgomery in the RCRIS database.

Preliminary Draft - Subject to Revision

Agent of Service Recommended EPA Action

Emile Vaughan , President 9713 Ivy Green Dr Montgomery, AL

Corporate Address: Davis Direct Inc. 1241 Newell Pkwy Montgomery, AL 36110-3212 334-277-0878

John Taylor Blackwell Walker 360, Inc. 2501 E. 5th St Montgomery, AL 36107-3105 334-832-4975

Donald R. Davis , President Issue a GNL or send a Section Davis Cleaners, Inc. 1 04( e) information request letter 4003 Wallahatchie Rd asking for details of operations Pike Road, AL 36064-3517 and waste handling practices at

all facilities. 334-264-7111

As of July 26, 2012

Operator Location Tenure* Business Type

Swift & Company 610-622 N 1928 - c. 1972 Cottonseed Oil Mill Decatur St.

319 Monroe St 1939-1962 Ice Cream Plant




PCE, TCE One block east of TW -14 Swift & Company Hexane where PCE has been qualified to conduct

Petroleum detected business in Alabama on

January 5, 1914. (Corp. hydrocarbons ID# 71 0-095)

1969 - Merged into PCE as a heat Located at the RSA Delaware Swift & transfer medium or Energy Plant site where Company (Corp ID# 856-refrigerant component PCE has been detected. 765)

1982 - Name changed Section 1 04( e) Request to Swift Independent

for Information sent to Packing Company

Prentice Hall Corporate (SIPCO, Inc.)

Systems who forwarded it 1989- ConAgra to ConAgra. acquired Swift and

merged it with Monfort ConAgra responded that Inc to form the Monfort they have no records for Pork Division Swift & Co. 1994 - ConAgra's

Monfort Pork Division renamed Swift & Company

2002- ConAgra spun off Swift & Company to Hicks Muse Tate & Furst (a private equity firm)

2007- Swift & Company purchased by JBS S.A. a Brazilian company

JBS USA Holdings, Inc . is the US subsidiary of JBS S.A.

Active



Wesley Mendonca Batista, Review the status of the existing CEO Section 1 04(e) information JBS USA Corporate Office request. 1770 Promontory Circle Greeley CO 80634 Consider issuing a

supplemental Section 1 04( e) 970-506-8000 request with questions directed

at the history of operations and potential use of solvents and petroleum products.

As of July 26, 2012

. Operator Location Tenure* Business Type

George A. 500 N. Lawrence 1935-1953 Cold storage and Hormel & Co. St. wholesale meat

221 Randolph St 1953- 1987 distributor, delivery truck repair and maintenance.

Harper-Lee 202 N. Court 1920-1929 Machine shop, Machine Works, 5-7 Madison Ave 1928-1949 crankshaft Inc.

425 N. 1950 - Present grinding, babbitting

McDonough St of connecting rods, welding , brazing , machinery rebuilding and repair

Bearings and 101 Pollard St 1979 - Present Industrial Drives of equipment repair Alabama, Inc. and rebuilding ,

gear boxes, conveyor systems




Diesel fuel, solvents Located north of and Hormel Foods used in auto repair. adjacent to wells CH2- Corporation, a Delaware

SB5 and TW-08 with corporation, was elevated BTEX. qualified to operate in

A catch basin was Alabama on December

installed in Randolph 21 , 1936 (Corp ID# 852-

Street in 1953 as part of a 901)

spur track agreement with 2005 - Reorganized as Central Georgia Railway Hormel Food Sales, Company LLC, a Delaware UST files at ADEM company. (Corp ID#

2000-gallon diesel UST 608-669)

owned by Interstate Oil Active (which see) installed 1980 2011 Net Sales $7.9 and removed in July Billion 1987.

Chlorinated solvents, Operated within the plume Formed in Alabama on heavy metals, oil and area. March 21 , 1930 (Corp grease No response found to ID # 752-673)

Section 1 04(e) Request Dissolved 12-31-1942 for Information Incorporator: B. W. Qwner did submit public Harper

comments to USEPA Formed in Alabama on alleging conflicts of December 27, 1985 interest may affect data (Corp ID# 108-011) integrity.

Active - Annual revenue


The Kershaw 210 Pollard St 1940- 1953 Railroad right-of-Company, Inc. way cleaning

equipment manufacturer

Wofford Oil 604-618 N. c.1918-1969 Petroleum product Company McDonough St bulk distribution

plant




Chlorinated solvents; Operated on the property Royce Kershaw, Sr. formed diesel fuel; oil and near wells a number of companies Grease CH2-SB-3 that related to railroad

showed elevated contracting and railroad

levels of PCE in 1999 equipment manufacture.

TW -13 that showed The Kershaw Company elevated levels of PCE Inc., formed in Alabama in 2001 on February 29, 1944

TW-09 that showed (Corp ID# 01 0-673) elevated levels of PCE 1952 - Name changed in 2001 to The Kershaw

Current-day company is a Manufacturing

RCRA SQG Company, Inc.

(ALR000046516) that 1983 - Sold out to Knox generates waste solvent Kershaw, Inc.

and paint as well as used Royce Kershaw oil. Company, Inc. formed

in Alabama on April 29, 1946 (Corp ID# 101-674)

1983 - Name changed to Knox Kershaw, Inc.

Active

Benzene Operated a bulk Woco Pep Co. of BTEX petroleum products Montgomery was Heavy metals terminal with above- formed in Alabama on

ground tanks along the October 2, 1922 (Corp railroad spur track. ID# 803-790)

Wofford Oil was known for 1924- Wofford Oil mixing benzene with its Company took over the gasoline to reduce engine lease of the bulk plant.

knock. This gasoline, 1925 - Pure Oil known as Woco-Pep was Company acquired marketed extensively in Wofford Oil Alabama and the South in 1965 - Union Oil the 1920s and 1930s. Company merged Pure

Section 1 04(e) Request Oil with Union Oil as the

for Information sent to survivor.

Woco Pep. 1983 - Union Oil reorganized and changed its name to Unocal corporation

2005 - Chevron Corporation acquired Unocal Corporation

Active



J. Kershaw, Secretary Send a Section 104(e) Knox Kershaw, Inc. information request letter asking 11211 Trackwork Street for details of operations and Montgomery, AL 36117-6501 waste handling practices.

334-387-5669

Chevron Corporation Consider issuance of a GNL c/o The Prentice-Hall based on the long operating Corporation System, Inc. period and proximity to known 2730 Gateway Oaks Dr, Ste groundwater contamination by 100 BTEX Sacramento, CA 95833

Send a supplemental Section Corporate Headquarters 1 04(e) request for information to Address: Chevron with specific questions R. Hewitt Pate, VP and concerning the operating history General Counsel of the Wofford Oil bulk plant. 6001 Bollinger Canyon Rd San Ramon, CA 94583 925-842-1 000

As of July 26, 2012

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~


Standard 516 N. 1945 - Present Roofing and sheet Roofing Co. McDonough St metal contractor




Chlorinated solvents Located at the Standard Roofing are constituents of intersection of Randolph Company, roofing adhesives. and lnc.(Delaware) qualified

Asphalt RCRA Permit to do business in

Tars ALD983170796 Alabama on June 26,

UST records from ADEM 1959 (Corp I D# 856-603)

show evidence of release 1976 - Name changed of gasoline.

to Standard-Taylor Industries

Active



W. Taylor Consider issuance of a GNL 516 N. McDonough St based on the previous UST leak Montgomery, AL 3610-2645 history and the proximity to

known BTEX contamination of 334-265-1262 the groundwater.

Send a Section 1 04( e) information request letter asking for details of operations and waste handling practices at all facilities .

As of July 26, 2012


Company DAVIS PRINTING COMPANY

Address: 305, 309, 317 Washington Avenue

Tenure: c. 1935 to 1985

Operations: Davis Printing Company engaged in letterpress and commercial lithographic printing. 1 The liquid wastes generated by commercial lithographic printing generally come from the following sources:2

(1) Photographic operations (i.e., film development, plate development and photoengraving) generate wash and rinse waters from film and printing plate development processes that may contain silver salts. 3

(2) Waste or off-spec inks and ink fountain solutions which are often proprietary blends produced to meet specific printing needs. A wide variety of organic solvents have been used in ink formulation , including: toluene, benzene, turpentine, naphthas, mineral spirits , acetone, isopropanol , trichloroethylene, chlorinated paraffins and methylene chloride. 4 Pigments used in colored printing inks include various heavy metals including lead chromate, cadmium and copper.5

(3) Blankets used to transfer ink from the printing plate to the paper are generally cleaned once or twice per eight-hour shift to remove dust particles or dried ink. A variety of solvents and specially formulated blanket washes are used. Organic solvents used for blanket washing include methanol , toluene, naphtha, trich loromethane, and methylene chloride.6

(4) Printing plate and press clean-up operations also utilized organic solvents to remove oils and pigments used in printing .7

Accord ing to USEPA, wastes generated from printing operations were historically discharged to municipal sewer systems.8

1 Letter, Emile Vaughn to USEPA, May 11 , 201 0; "Industrial Alabama," August 1955, p. 76. 2 USEPA, "Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines: Printing Industry," 1974, pp. 4-9. 3 USEPA, "Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines: Printing Industry," 1974, p. 6. 4 Carpenter and Hilliar, "Overview of Printing Processes and Chemicals Used ," in Conference on Environmental

Aspects of Chemical Use in Printing Operations, September 1975, King of Prussia, PA, USEPA, January 1976, p.30, Appendix C.

5 Kay Kingsley, "Toxicological Evaluation of Chemicals Used in the Printing and Printing Inks Industries," in Conference on Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Printing Operations, September 1975, King of Prussia, PA, USEPA, January 1976, pp. 115-118.

6 USEPA, "Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Commercial Printing Industry, August 1990, EPA/625/7-90/008, p. 13 .

7 Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines: Printing Industry, 1974, 8. 8 Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines: Printing Industry, 1974, 4.

July 26, 2012 Page 1 of 3

Company

Potential Nexus to Groundwater Contaminant Plume:

Key Details:

Corporate Succession:


DAVIS PRINTING COMPANY

Davis Printing operated for at least 50 years on the north side of Washington Avenue between S. McDonough and S. Hull Streets approximately 1.5 blocks south of the RSA Chiller Plant where high concentrations of PCE and possibly TCE were detected in soi ls sampled in September 1993.9 (See Figure 1)

Currently, sewer lines serving the block containing the former Davis Printing site flow south to Washington Avenue then west along Washington to Court Street then north along Court Street toward the Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board treatment plant. There may also have been sewer connections to the sewer in McDonough Street that flowed north to Dexter Avenue then west along Dexter to Court Street. 10 No sewer lines appear to cross Dexter Avenue at McDonough Street. (See Figure 2)

1955 -An Alabama industrial directory indicates that Davis Printing provided "commercial printing, lithographing and rubber stamps" and employed less than 10 people.11

1970 - Davis Printing reported in a 1970 industrial directory that it was engaged in commercial and lithographic printing and still employed less than 10 workers.12

2010 -In its response to the USEPA's Section 104(e) request for information, Davis Printing indicated that the only person still associated with Davis Direct that had worked at the Washington Avenue site was Bob Akers who was involved mainly with sales and clerical activities.13

Formed in Alabama on July 6, 1977 as Davis Printing Company, lnc.(Corp ID# 047-320)

2005- Name change to Davis Direct, Inc. Active

Robert A , Robert W. and Spurgeon H. Akers formed Davis Printing Company in Alabama on July 6, 1977.14 The company appears to be an active corporation , according to the Alabama Secretary of State's Office database whose current President is Emile Vaughn and whose Secretary is W. Akers.15

9 Landmeyer, Miller, Campbell , Vroblesky, Gill and Clark, "Investigation of the Potential Source Area, Contamination Pathway, and Probable Release History of Chlorinated-Solvent-Contaminated Groundwater at the Capital City Plume Site, Montgomery, Alabama, 2008-2010," U.S.G.S Scientific Investigations Report, 2011-5148, p. 4.

10 MWW&SSB Sewer map for the SW Y-s of Section 7, Township16N, Range 18E Plate 6807-3,103 (Attached to 1 04(e) response).

11 "Industrial Alabama," August 1955, p. 76. 12 "Industrial Alabama ," 1970, p. 91 . 13 Letter, Emile Vaughn to US EPA, May 11 , 2010 . 14 Alabama Secretary of State, Business Entity Details, Davis Direct Inc., Corp ID #047-320. 15 Alabama Secretary of State, Annual Report, Davis Direct, Inc., April 20, 2011 .



Company DAVIS PRINTING COMPANY It is likely that the business was a partnership in the mid-1950s formed J by Spurgeon and Robert Akers.16 The relationship among the three Akers men is not known at this time, but it is assumed that they were related.

Agent for Service: Emile Vaughan, President 9713 Ivy Green Dr Montgomery, AL 36117

Corporate Address: Davis Direct Inc. 1241 Newell Pkwy Montgomery, AL 36110-3212

334-277-0878

16 "Industrial Alabama," 1955, p. 76. July 26, 2012 Page 3 of 3

Figure 1 -Site Location Davis Printing Company

Base Aerial: February 15, 2007, Aerials Express

Key to Symbols:

305 Approximate Davis Printing Facility Location with Street Number

* RSA Chiller Plant Capital City Plume Superfund Site

Figur - Sewer Map Davis Printing Company

Sewer Map Plate 6807-3,103 from Montgomery Water Works & Sanitary Sewer Board files, c. 2004

Key to Symbols:

Approximate Davis Printing Facility Location with Street Number

* RSA Chiller Plant Sewer line on south side of Dexter Avenue

Sewer lines serving Davis Printing

Randolph Street

Columbus St~t

Jefferson Street

Mdi.sonAve

Monroe Street

n - W"shington Ave ~ 305-317 Washington

"' 1 .. ~ .. .. ;:;; "" ~ "' .... c -;; ~ ..a " :z: 0 ;: ~

Comparison of PCE, TCE, BTEX , TMB and Chloroform Plumes at the Site, Geosyntec, June 8, 2012

Figure 3 - Site Locations in Relationship to Contaminant Plumes

Davis Printing Company

Capital City Plume Superfund Site

Key to Symbols:

~ 305 Washington Approximate Davis Printing Facility Locations with Street Number

RSA Chiller Plant

PCE lsoconcentrations (ppb)

TCE lsoconcentrations (ppb)

BTEX lsoconcentrations (ppb)

TMB lsoconcenrations (ppb)

Chloroform lsoconcentrations (ppb)

Company

Address:

Tenure:

Operations:


WALKER PRINTING COMPANY

328 Dexter Avenue

1942 to 1971

Walker Printing engaged in commercial lithographic printing. The liquid wastes generated by commercial lithographic printing generally come from the following sources: 1

Photographic operations, i.e., film developing, plate developing and photoengraving

Waste or off-spec inks and ink fountain solutions Blanket roll cleaning Press cleaning

Photographic operations generate wash and rinse waters from film and printing plate developing processes that may contain silver salts.2

Lithography inks are often proprietary blends produced to meet specific printing needs. A wide variety of organic solvents have been used in ink formulation including: toluene, benzene, turpentine, naphthas, mineral spirits, acetone, isopropanol, trichloroethylene, chlorinated paraffins and methylene chloride.3 Pigments used in colored printing inks include various heavy metals including lead chromate, cadmium and copper. 4

Blankets used to transfer ink from the printing plate to the paper are generally cleaned once or twice per eight-hour shift to remove dust particles or dried ink. A variety of solvents and specially formulated blanket washes are used. Organic solvents used for blanket washing include methanol, toluene, naphtha, trichloromethane, and methylene chloride.5

Press clean-up operations also utilized organic solvents to remove oils and pigments used in printing.6 According to USEPA, wastes generated from printing operations were historically discharged to municipal sewer systems.7

1 USEPA, "Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines: Printing Industry," 1974, pp. 4-9

USEPA, "Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines: Printing Industry," 1974, p. 6 3 Carpenter and Hilliar, "Overview of Printing Processes and Chemicals Used," in Conference on Environmental

Aspects of Chemical Use in Printing Operations, September 1975, King of Prussia, PA, USEPA, January 1976, p.30, Appendix C.

4 Kay Kingsley , "Toxicological Evaluation of Chemicals Used in the Printing and Printing Inks Industries," in Conference on Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Printing Operations, September 1975, King of Prussia, PA, USEPA, January 1976, pp. 115-118.

5 US EPA, "Guides to Pollution Prevention : The Commercial Printing Industry, August 1990, EPN625/7 -90/008, p. 13

6 USEPA, "Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidel ines: Printing Industry," 1974, p. 8. 7 USEPA, "Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Guidelines: Printing Industry," 1974, p. 4 .



Company WALKER PRINTING COMPANY

Potential Nexus to Walker Printing operated for at least 18 years on the south side of Groundwater Dexter Avenue between South McDonough and South Hull Streets Contaminant approximately one block south of the RSA Energy Plant where high Plume: concentrations of PCE and possibly TCE were detected in soils in

September 1993.8 (See Figure 1)

Available sewer maps do not show any connections to the sewer for the former Walker Printing site. Sewer lines serving the eastern side of the block containing the former Walker Printing site flow east to Hull Street then north to Dexter Avenue then west along Dexter to Court Street then north along Court Street toward the Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board Econchate treatment plant.9 (See Figure 2)

Key Details: 1952 -Walker Printing employed between 10 and 25 workers. 10

1955- An industrial directory indicates that Walker Printing was engaged in providing "job printing, booklets, publications, office supplies and equipment."11

1965- The Declaration of Incorporation, for Walker Printing Company, dated October 25, 1965, states that it was the intent of the company to,

"operate and conduct a printing business; to do any and all kinds and types of printing, engraving and other processing necessary to, connected with or related to a printing business including binding, photography reproduction and blueprinting; to buy, sell and merchandise, either at retail or wholesale, office furniture, office machines such as typewriters, adding machines, computers and the like."12

1970 -Walker Printing reported in a 1970 industrial directory that it was engaged in commercial and lithographic printing and still employed 10-25 workers. 13

2010 -In its response to the USEPA's Section 104(e) response, Walker 360 referred to its website for a description of the nature of its current day business operations. 14 This website indicates that the business was

8 Land meyer, Miller, Campbell , Vroblesky, Gill and Clark, "Investigation of the Potential Source Area, Contamination Pathway, and Probable Release History of Chlorinated-Solvent-Contaminated Groundwater at the Capital City Plume Site, Montgomery, Alabama, 2008-2010," U.S.G.S Scientific Investigations Report, 2011-5148, p. 4

9 MWW&SSB Sewer map for the SW Y. of Section 7, Township16N, Range 18E Plate 6807-3,103 (Attached to 1 04( e) response)

10 Montgomery Industrial Directory, 1952, p. 23. 11 "Industrial Alabama, " August 1955, p. 80 12 Walker Printing Company, "Declaration of Incorporation," Book 66, Page 322, State of Alabama, Montgomery

County. (Attached to 1 04(e) response) 13 "Industrial Alabama," 1970, p. 96 14 http://www.walker360.com

July 26 , 2012 Page 2 of 3

http://www.walker360.com

Company



WALKER PRINTING COMPANY

established in 1945, but gives no further details about the history of operations. 15

Formed in Alabama on October 25, 1965 as Walker Printing Co., Inc. (Corp ID# 019-564)

2010- Name change to Walker 360, Inc. Active

Walker Printing Company, Inc. was formed by several members of the Walker family including: Thad 0. Walker, Edwina D. Walker, Edward D. Walker, Thad 0. Walker, Jr. and Steve T. Walker. The company changed its name to Walker 360, Inc. in February 2010. 16

Walker 360, Inc. is the sole shareholder of Walker Printing Company.17

As of April 20, 2011, Mr. John Taylor Blackwell was the President of Walker 360, Inc. and its agent for service.18

According to Mr. Blackwell, Hugh D. Parks acquired Walker Printing in about 1970. Circa 1972, Mr. Parks sold 40 percent of his interest in Walker Printing to Stephen M. Fox. In about 1995, Mr. Parks died and left his 60 percent share of the company to his three children. In about 2000 Mr. Fox acquired the remaining 60 percent share of the business from the Walker heirs. In 2006 Mr. Fox sold 100 percent of the company to Mr. Blackwell.19

Agent for Service: John Taylor Blackwell Walker 360, Inc. 2501 E. 51h St Montgomery, AL 36107-3105

334-832-4975

15 http://www.walker360.com/aboutUs.html 16 Alabama Secretary of State, Business Entity Details , Walker 360, Inc. Corp ID #019-564. 17 Balch & Bingham, LLP, "1 04(e) Response Letter," June 1, 2010, p. 1 18 Alabama Secretary of State, Annual Report, Walker 360, Inc., Apri l 20, 2011 19 Balch & Bingham, LLP, "104(e) Response Letter," June 1, 2010, p. 10


http://walker360.com/aboutUs

Figure 1 -Site Location

Key to Symbols:

328

* Approximate Walker Printing Facility Location with Street Number

RSA Chiller Plant

Walker Printing Company



Figur - Sewer Map Walker Printing Company


Key to Symbols:

Approximate Walker Printing Facility Location with Street Number

* RSA Chiller Plant

Sewer line on south side of Dexter Avenue

l ... .. ...

.. .. .., .. ~ ~

Randolph Street

Columbus She-et

JeHerson Street

MadisonAv

Monro Street

Dexter Str.et

~328Dexter Wa$hlnvton Ave

w .. .. ~ ~ .. w "' ~ ;; "'0 c ~ ~ -"' " "" ;;; 0 ...

N Figure 3- Site Locations in [ Relationship to Contaminant Plumes

Walker Printing Company


Key to Symbols:

~ 328Dexter Approximate Walker Printing Facility locations with Street Numbers

RSA Chiller Plant






Comparison of PCE, TCE, BTEX, TMB and Chloroform Plumes at the Site, Geosyntec, June 8, 2012

Company

Addresses:

Tenure:

Operations:

DAVIS CLEANERS, INC.

330 Madison Ave.

432 Madison Ave.


401 Monroe St- Davis One Hour Cleaners

473 S. Decatur St

330 Madison Ave. c. 1978-1980

432 Madison Ave.

401 Monroe St

473 S. Decatur St

c. 1981-1987

c. 1990-1999

c. 1981-Present

Davis Cleaners Inc. operated a chain of dry cleaning businesses under the name Davis One Hour Cleaners and as Davis Cleaners, Inc. Davis Cleaners is currently operating at 4 73 Monroe Avenue in the southern portion of the study area.

Beginning in the mid-1930s, 1 chlorinated solvents, primarily PCE, began to be used in the dry cleaning industry, gradually replacing petroleum naphthas and Stoddard solvent as the cleaning agent of choice by the late 1940s.2 Use of PCE in dry cleaning peaked in 1980 and continued through the early 1990s when it began to be regulated by most states under air pollution laws.3

The types of dry cleaning machines in common use in the United States during the period of operations of Davis Cleaners included transfer machines where clothing was physically transferred from the washer (containing solvents) to the tumbler for drying; and closed loop "dry to dry" machines where washing in solvent and drying occurred in the same machine. It is estimated that transfer machines used 172 to 200 pounds of PCE for every 2205 pounds of clothing cleaned. Third generation closed loop dry to dry machines, introduced in the late 1970s used 44 to 88 pounds of PCE for every 2205 pounds of clothing .4

Wastes generated by dry cleaning operations include contact water, solvent still bottoms, spent filter cartridges and spent solvent. A survey conducted in 1988 found that over 70 percent of dry cleaning operators discharged contact water (containing some concentration of dissolved solvent) to sanitary sewers or septic tanks. 5

1 D. H. Killeffer, "Chlorinated Solvents in Dry Cleaning ," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, v. 28, No.6, June 1936, pp. 640-643.

2 Richard E. Doherty, "A History of the Production and Use of Carbon Tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethylene, Trichlorotheylene and 1,1, 1-Trichloroethane in the United States: Part 1 -Historical Background ; Carbon Tetrachloride and Tetrachloroethylene," Journal of Environmental Forensics , v. 1, 2000, pp. 69-81 , at 78.

Ibid .. p. 79 4 State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners, "Conducting Contamination Assessment Work at Drycleaning

Sites," Revised October 201 0, pp. 4-5. 5 Ibid., p. 18

As of July 26, 2012 Page 1 of 3


Company DAVIS CLEANERS, INC.

Contact water, free-phase solvent and solvent vapors can leak from sewer lines through cracks, joints or breaks. Contact water and free-phase solvent can also leach through sewer piping .6

Spent dry cleaning cartridges contain PCE in amounts ranging from 0.5 to 4 gallons of PCE per cartridge, depending on the size of the filter cartridge.7

Potential Nexus to Davis Dry Cleaning has operated at three locations within a block or less Groundwater of the RSA Chiller Plant where high concentrations of PCE and possibly Contaminant TCE were detected in soils in September 1993.8 (See Figure 1) Plume:

401 Monroe Avenue:

Currently, sewer lines serving the 401 Monroe Avenue location flow south to Monroe Avenue then west along Monroe to Court Street then north along Court Street toward the Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board's ("MWWSSB"), Econchate treatment plant.

According to sewer inspection data from April 2006 along Monroe Avenue from the MWWSSB, the sewer line in the 300 block of Monroe Avenue showed indications of infiltration, separated joints and a longitudinal crack. This segment of the sewer line is just downstream from the PCE "hotspot" at the RSA Chiller Plant and is also downstream from the Davis Cleaner facility at 401 Monroe Avenue. 9 (See Figure 2)

330 and 432 Madison Ave:

These facilities are located within the PCE plume area and may have conducted dry cleaning operations using PCE.

The sewer serving these two facilities is located in Madison Avenue and flows west to Court Street then north to the Econchate treatment plant.10

To date, no sanitary sewer inspection records were found for Madison Avenue sewers.

Key Details: 401 Monroe Avenue:

September 1993 -An ADEM Inspector found eleven 55-gallon drums marked "perchloroethylene" that appeared to be empty and two additional 55-gallon drums with open lids, one of which contained used dry cleaning cartridges. The inspector noted that he saw no evidence of dry cleaning

Ibid. , pp. 28-29

"Method of Extracting Perchloroethylene from Dry Cleaner Filter Cartridges," U.S. Patent 4,500,363 issued to Ernest 0 . Roehl , February 19, 1985.

Land meyer, Miller, Campbell, Vroblesky, Gill and Clark, "Investigation of the Potential Source Area, Contamination Pathway, and Probable Release History of Chlorinated-Solvent-Contaminated Groundwater at the Capital City Plume Site, Montgomery, Alabama , 2008-201 0," U.S.G.S Scientific Investigations Report, 2011 -5148, p. 4

9 MWW&SSB Sewer Inspection Report, 300 Block of Madison Avenue, April 2, 2006. [MWWSSB 001838-1839] 10 MWW&SSB Sewer map for the SW Y. of Section 7, Township16N , Range 18E Plate 6807-3,103 (Attached to

1 04( e) response)


Company



DAVIS CLEANERS, INC.

machine hookups or other evidence that dry cleaning had ever been done at 401 Monroe. The inspector indicated that perchloroethylene wastes were not generated from this site, but that wastes were stored there which were generated by other Davis Cleaner locations. The Monroe Street site did not have an EPA ID Number in 1993. When contacted by the ADEM inspector the owner, Mr. Davis, stated that dry cleaning had never been performed at 401 Monroe. 11

In 2008 this location had a RCRA CESQG permit (AL00000241 09). The RCRIS database handler report indicated that information for this permit was first received in 1979 and last updated in 1993, which suggests that this permit may have been transferred from other Davis operations at 330 Madison Ave. and 432 Madison Ave. 12

473 S. Decatur Avenue:

The available information suggests that this was the location of Davis Cleaners' main dry cleaning plant and company headquarters. This plant has an active RCRA CESQG permit (ALD055158877).13

This site is located at the northeast corner of High Street and S. Decatur Avenue, about five blocks south of Monroe Street and the RSA Chiller Tower hot spot. Available sewer maps indicate that sewers running north along Decatur Avenue do not cross Dexter Avenue.

Davis Cleaners, Inc. was formed in Alabama on July 2, 1981 (Corp ID# 083-153)

Active

Most recent annual report to the Alabama Secretary of State was filed in 2002.

Donald Davis is identified as the owner/operator of at least four Davis One Hour Cleaner shops in Montgomery in the 2008 RCRIS database.

Agent for Service: Donald R. Davis, President Davis Cleaners, Inc. 4003 Wallahatchie Rd Pike Road, AL 36064-3517

334-264-7111

11 ADEM Inspection Report 401 Monroe, Memorandum from Steven Maurer to Steven Jenkins Re: Contamination Investigation RSA utility building construction site , September 16, 1993.

12 RCRIS Handler Report, AL00000241 09 (2008 dataset). 13 EPA FRS Report, Davis Cleaners Inc., 473 S. Decatur Street.


'----------------------------------------- ----

Figure 1 -Site Locations Davis Cleaners, Inc.


Key to Symbols:

401 Approximate Davis Cleaners Facility Locations with Street Numbers

* RSA Chiller Plant


Figure 2- Sewer Map Davis Cleaners, Inc.


Key to Symbols:

Approximate Davis Cleaners Facility Locations with Street Numbers

* RSA Chiller Plant Sewer line segment surveyed

Sewer lines serving Davis Cleaners

.. .. ~

:; :z:

Pollard Street

Randolph Street

Jefferson Street

M a disonAv

Washington Ave

.. ~ .. "' ., ~ "'

N Figure 3 - Site Locations in ! Relationship to Contaminant Plumes t

Davis Cleaners, Inc.


Key to Symbols:

~401Monroe Approximate Davis Cleaners Facility Locations with Street Numbers

RSA Chiller Plant







Company

Address:

Tenure:

Operations:

Preliminary Drah - Subject to Revision

SWIFT & COMPANY

610-622 North Decatur Street- Oil Mill

319 Monroe Street - Ice Cream Plant

Oil Mill:

1928 to 1958

Ice Cream Plant:

1939 to 1962

Oil Mill:

Swift entered the cottonseed oil business in about 1925. Cotton seeds were purchased from gins and processed in oil mills located in the southern states. 1

In 1928, Swift & Company ("Swift") purchased an existing cottonseed oil mill in Montgomery located on a tract of land north of Pollard Street between Hull and Bainbridge streets. The land was owned by the Central of Georgia Railway Company (now Norfolk Southern).2

(See Figure 1)

The Swift & Company Yearbook for 1929 indicates that Swift acquired and operated cotton oil mills in order to have a consistent source of vegetable oils for use in shortening manufacture.3 In its 1945 annual report Swift described its methods for cottonseed oil extraction which consisted of grinding the seed to meal , then flaking and cooking the meal. Oil was extracted from the cooked meal by expellers or hydraulic pressure. Solvents were sometimes used to extract the oil from the flaked seed.4

Trade literature from the 1940s indicates that petroleum solvents such as hexane and chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene were used to extract oil from cottonseed in order to completely remove gossypol (a toxic substance) from the cottonseed leaving the cottonseed meal ready for sale or use as animal feed.5

A 1950 Sanborn map depicting the oil mill provides additional information on the industrial processes used at Swift's Montgomery oil mill. These processes included hulling the seed and QrindinQ it into

1 The Swift & Company Year Book covering the activities of the year 1925, January 6, 1926, p. 25 and 39-40.

Memorandum of Agreement between Central of Georgia Railway Company, Swift & Company dated December 29, 1928 for use and ownership of certain railroad spur tracks . [From Norfolk Southern Corporation Section 1 04(e) Response, EPA barcode 10789859 page 214 of 519] . American Cotton Oil Company and later Alabama Cotton Oil Company appear to have operated the mill between 1920 and 1928.

Swift & Company 1929 Year Book, pp. 44-45 4 The Swift & Company Year Book covering the activities of the year 1945, December 17, 1945, p.21.

H. S. Olcott, "Solvent Extraction of Cottonseed Oil : Effect of Cooking on Yield ," Engineering & Industrial Chemistry, v. 33, No. 5, May 1941 , p. 612


Company


SWIFT & COMPANY

"linters" or meal. Cooking and pressing the linters. Storage warehouses were provided for seed , hulls, meal and aboveground storage tanks for oil storage. A cotton gin also operated on the southeastern corner of the property.

In March 1957, Swift conveyed the portion of its leasehold between North Decatur and North Hull streets to Montgomery Seed & Supply. 6 In April 1958, Swift conveyed the portion of its leasehold between North Decatur and Bainbridge streets to J. T . Dorminey.7

Sanborn maps dated 1964 indicate that by that date the oil mill was no longer in operation and the site was occupied by a wholesale seed and insecticide warehouse (likely run by Montgomery Seed & Supply) and by J.T. Dorminey Milling Company.8

Swift appears to have retained use of the railroad spur tracks between North Hull and North Decatur streets until at least 1972, according to railroad records. 9

Ice Cream Plant:

Swift operated an ice cream plant in downtown Montgomery from 1939 to 1962 on the same block as the future RSA Chiller Plant. (See Figure 1) This facility produced ice cream for commercial sale. Information collected to date suggests that Swift had its own line of ice cream equipment installed in restaurants and other retail outlets, as well as refrigerated delivery trucks to deliver ice cream to the area. 10

A 1953 Sanborn map depicting the ice cream plant indicates that the facility included two cooler rooms, a print room, a boiler house and a coal room. A receiving area and parking space for delivery trucks was also shown on the property. 11 This arrangement is consistent with descriptions of ice cream plants from the late 1940s where two refrigeration steps were needed to make ice cream: 1) cooling of the mixture after pasteurizing, and 2) hardening of the ice cream in a freezer. 12

6 Memorandum of Agreement between Central of Georgia Railway Company, Swift & Company and Montgomery Seed & Supply dated April 9, 1947 for use and ownership of certain railroad spur tracks. [From Norfolk Southern Corporation Section 104(e) Response, EPA barcode 10789859 page 77 of 519]

Memorandum of Agreement between Central of Georgia Railway Company, Swift & Company and J. T. Dorminey dated July 14, 1958 for use and ownership of certain railroad spur tracks. [From Norfolk Southern Corporation Section 1 04(e) Response, EPA barcode 10789859 page 77 of 519]

Sanborn Map, Montgomery, Sheet 107, 1964. 9 Internal Memorandum, "Re: Merger of Swift & Company," March 10, 1972. [From Norfolk Southern Corporation

Section 104(e) Response, EPA barcode 10789859 page 73 of 519] Swift also operated a meat packing and storage center in Montgomery northeast and across the railroad tracks from the oil mill.

10 See Markwell v Swift & Co 126 Cal. App. 2d 245 (1954); Swift Ice Cream Co. Photographs, September 7, 1955 at http://www. fl ickr.com/photos/librarv of virgin ia/2898498427/

11 Sanborn Map, Montgomery, Sheet 1 04, 1953. 12 Chester J. Bell , "Manufacture of Ice Cream," Refrigerating Engineering, January 1948, p. 2 .


http://wvw%3e/.flickr.com/photos/librarv


Company SWIFT & COMPANY

Historic patents show that by at least 1946, PCE was used as a solvent and heat transfer medium in absorption refrigeration equipment with one of the following four refrigerants: Freon 114, Freon 11, Freon 21, and ethyl chloride. PCE was useful in this application because it was chemically stable, relatively inert in its actions on metals, of high density, and had high solvent power for the refrigerants listed above.13

Potential Nexus to Oil Mill: Groundwater Contaminant Swift operated for over 30 years at a large plant on North Decatur Street,

Plume: located about one block east of well TW-14, which showed elevated levels of PCE in 2002.14 Swift may have used chlorinated solvents in the extraction of cottonseed oil as part of its operations from at least the 1940s through 1958.

The sewer line serving the Swift oil mill runs east to west along Pollard Street and may have served as a pathway for contaminants to reach the area of the PCE hotspot near the intersection of Pollard and Lawrence streets near wells CH2-SB2 and TW-13. (See Figures 2 and 4)

Ice Cream Plant:

Swift operated an ice cream plant for over 20 years at 313 Monroe Street less than a block east of the RSA Chiller Plant where high concentrations of PCE and possibly TCE were detected in soils in September 1 993 .15

Sewer lines serving the former Swift Ice Cream Plant site flow south to Monroe Street and east to North Hull Street. The lines connecting to Monroe Street flow west along Monroe and pass in front of the RSA Chiller Plant. According to sewer inspection data from April 2006, the sewer line starting at the 300 block of Monroe Street showed indications of infiltration, separated joints and a longitudinal crack. This segment of the sewer adjoins the PCE "hotspot" at the RSA Chiller Plant. 16 (See Figure 3)

The sewer lines connecting the site to North Hull Street flow north along Hull Street. 17 The general direction of flow in the sewers in this area is west and north to Court Street then north along Court Street toward the

13 U.S. Patent 2,534,789 Application October 5, 1946, Issued December 19, 1950. 14 Geosyntec DRAFT PCE Isopleth, February 3, 2012. 15 Land meyer, Miller, Campbell , Vroblesky, Gill and Clark, "Investigation of the Potential Source Area, Contamination

Pathway, and Probable Release History of Chlorinated-Solvent-Contaminated Groundwater at the Capital City Plume Site, Montgomery, Alabama, 2008-201 0," U.S.G.S Scientific Investigations Report, 2011-5148, p. 4.

18 MWW&SSB Sewer Inspection Report, 300 Block of Madison Avenue, April 2, 2006. (MWWSSB 001838-1839] 17 MWW&SSB Sewer map for the SW Y. of Section 7, Township16N , Range 18E Plate 6807-3,103 (Attached to

1 04( e) response

July 26 , 2012 Page 3 of 5


Company SWIFT & COMPANY

Montgomery Water Works and Sanitary Sewer Board's ("MWWSSB") Econchate treatment plant. 18

If the ice cream plant used PCE in its refrigeration system then it is possible that any releases of PCE could have entered floor drains in the plant and reached the sewer system. Free-phase solvent and solvent vapors can leak from sewer lines through cracks, joints or breaks such as those observed in the sewer line in the 300 block of Madison Street. Contact water and free-phase solvent can also leach through sewer piping. 19

Key Details: Oil Mill:

1945- Swift reported that it sometimes used solvents for extraction of oil from flaked seed.20 Trade literature from the 1940s indicates that petroleum solvents such as hexane and chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene were used to extract oil from cottonseed in order to completely remove gossypol (a toxic substance) from the cottonseed leaving the cottonseed meal ready for sale or use as animal feed .21

1952 -A Montgomery industrial directory indicates that Swift operated an oil mill producing cottonseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, animal and poultry feed, cottonseed products, peanut products, and soybean products.22

1955 -An Alabama industrial directory indicates that Swift's oil mill produced cottonseed meal, soybean meal and oil , peanut meal and oil , hulls and oil , and employed between 50 and 100 people.23

Ice Cream Plant:

1952 -A Montgomery industrial directory indicates that Swift operated an ice cream plant producing dairy products, food products, ice cream, and ice cream mix.24

1955 -An Alabama industrial directory indicates that Swift's Montgomery ice cream plant produced ice cream and ice cream mix and employed between 10 and 25 people. 25

18 MWW&SSB Sewer map for the SW Y. of Section 7, Township16N , Range 18E Plate 6807-3,103 (Attached to 1 04(e) response) .

19 State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners, "Conducting Contamination Assessment Work at Drycleaning Sites," Revised October 2010, pp. 28-29.

20 The Swift & Company Year Book covering the activities of the year 1945, December 17, 1945, p.21 . 21 H. S. Olcott, "Solvent Extraction of Cottonseed Oil : Effect of Cooking on Yield ," Engineering & Industrial

Chemistry, v. 33, No. 5, May 1941, p. 612 22 Montgomery Industrial Directory, 1952, p. 22. 23 Industrial Alabama, 1955, p. 78. 24 Montgomery Industrial Directory, 1952 , p. 22. 25 "Industrial Alabama," August 1955, p. 78 .

July 26 , 2012 Page 4 of 5


Company SWIFT & COMPANY 1962 - An Alabama industrial directory indicates that Swift's Montgomery ice cream plant produced ice cream, dairy products, and food products with a staff between 10 and 25 people.26

Corporate Swift & Company qualified to conduct business in Alabama on January

Succession: 5, 1914. (Corp. ID# 710-095)

1969- Merged into Delaware Swift & Company (Corp ID# 856-765) 1982 - Name changed to Swift Independent Packing Company

(SIPCO, Inc.)

1989- ConAgra acquired Swift and merged it with Monfort, Inc. to form the Monfort Pork Division

1994- ConAgra's Monfort Pork Division renamed Swift & Company 2002- ConAgra spun off Swift & Company to form Hicks Muse Tate

& Furst (a private equity firm) 2007 - Swift purchased by JBS S.A. , a Brazilian company JBS USA Holdings, Inc. is the US subsidiary of JBS S.A.

Agent for Service: Wesley Mendonca Batista, CEO JBS USA Corporate Office 1770 Promontory Circle Greeley, CO 80634

970-506-8000

26 "Industrial Alabama," March 1962, p. 86 . July 26 , 2012 Page 5 of 5

Figure 1 -Site Locations Swift & Company


Key to Symbols:

319 Approximate Swift & Company Facility Locations with Street Numbers

* * RSA Chiller Plant

Northern PCE Hotspot Capital City Plume Superfund Site

Figure 2- Sewer Map

Key to Symbols:

rs;;-1 Approximate Swift Facility ~ Location with Street Numbers

',,.

Swift & Company

f

61q-612 North tefatur

I I 1iod) \

~' -


* Northern PCE Hot Spot Sewer line in Pollard Street

Figure 3- Sewer Map Swift & Company

(


Key to Symbols:

Approximate Swift Facility Locations with Street Numbers

* RSA Chiller Plant

Sewer lines surveyed

Sewer lines serving Swift

.. .. "' :; ::1:

North Decatur

Pollard Strwet

Columbus Street

MadisonAvfl

Monro Str.,.t

D~ter Street

N Figure 4- Site Locations in ~ Relationship to Contaminant Plumes I

Swift & Company


Key to Symbols:

~319Monroe Approximate Swift Facility Locations with Street Numbers

RSA Chiller Plant * Northern PCE Hotspot PCE lsoconcentrations (ppb)






Pate~~ted Dec. 19, 1950 2,53~789 '

UNITED

1

STATES PATENT :()FFI.CE 2,53t,789

ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION

Glen w. Miller, ()ovlna, Edward L. Kells, Alham bra, and Delmar B. Lanen, Wnt BoD:nrood, Callf. .

No Drawm.. AppUcatJon Odober 5, 19t8, Serial No. 70l,t02

12 Claims. (Cl. 62-179) 2

..

.This invimtion relates to improvements In ab detallin various books on refrigeration engineer sorytlori. re!ri~er!!,tlon.. and more particula.rly to ing. new and useful refrigerant-solvent combinations An improved method of operation of such sY&-for use In absprption refr.Igeration. This appllca- tems, employing fractlona.tlon of refrigerant and tion 1s a conti.Jiuation-in-part as to common sub- 5 solvent, 1s disclosed In .our hereinabove cited Pat-ject matter of our copendiilg application Serial ent No. 2,408,802, and whlle the refrigerant-sol-Number 313,858,1Ued JanUa.ry 15, 1940, now Pat- vent combinations of this Invention can be Used ent No. 2,408,.802. 1n a machine embOd.ying this method, It should

One o{the principal objects of this Invention 1s be 1lllderstood that the refrigerant-sOlvent com-to provide new and useful refrigerant-solvent 10 blnations described and claimed herein may also combinations for use in absorption refrigeration be used In conventional machines of types already machines. In use, In some cases with slight mechanical ad-

Another object of the invention Js to provide Justments to meet changed operating conditions, such refrigerant-solvent combinations of en- as will be apparent to one skilled in the a.rt of hanced usefulness as compared to those now in 15 refrigeration engineering. SUch machines in-use or heretofore proposed. elude types having externally operated pumps for

Another object of the invention is to provide effecting transfer of the fiuids contained therein, refrigerants and a solvent of high chemical stabll- as well as those types depending upon pressures tty and freedom from corrosive effects. balanced out by means of an inert gas, fiow being

Another object of the invention is to provide an 20 induced by differences in specific gravity of the absorption refrigeration solvent of high density. fiuids in different parts of the s:vstem.

Other objects of the invention will become ap- In accordance with the present invention, per-parent as the description thereof proceeas. chloroethylene

In absorption refrigeration systems, the refrig- is used as a solvent, in one of four combinations . erating effect is produced by the evaporation of 25 with the following as refrigerants: a liquid refrigerant by allowing it to expand from a pressure greater than its vapor pressure at cool-ing water temperature to a pressure less than its vapor pressure at the refrigerating temperature. In order to 're-cycle the refrigerant, it is absorbed 30 into a liquid of high solvent power; thus dissolved, it is pumped to the higher pressure and driven

"Freon 114," C2CbF,, dlchlorotetrafiuoro-ethane.

(b). "Freon 21," CHCbF, dichiorofiuoromethane. (c) EthYl chloride, C2HsCl, monochloroethane. (d) "Freon 11," CChF, trichlorofiuoromethane.

from the solvent by heat. The function of the The following table gives for each such com-solvent is thus to reduce to a minimum the me- blnation the refrigerant boiling point, the solvent chanica! work necessary in bridging the lowand 35 boiling point (both at one atmosphere), the dif-high pressure sides of this system, since the vol- terence in these boiling points, the maximum boll-ume of the refriger:1.nt as pumped is reduced. er temperature for a 100 F. condenser tempera-The remainder of the necessary energy used to ture, and the theoretical minimum energy ratio drive the refrigerant from this solution can then

3 Purther in accordance with the invention It 1s

contemplated that other halogenated hydrocar-. bons besides those given above can be used as refrigerants

Solvent Extraction of Cottonseed Oil Effect of Cooking on Yield .

H.S.OLCOTT Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Penna.

Problems involved in the introduction of solvent-extraction methods into the cotton-seed oil industry are reviewed. Although there is a slightly higher refining loss, the hexane extraction of rolled and cooked cottonseed meats yields a refined oil directly comparable to that obtained by pressing methods. Except that larger yields of oil are obtained, no changes in the existing methods of treatment and disposal of oil and meal are required. It appears that serious consideration of the adoption of such a procedure would be a logical and pro-gressive step

T HE recovery of oil from oil-bearing seeds by solvent ex-traction has been practiced for almost a. century. Ao-cording to Lewkowitsoh (113), Jesse Fisher introduced the method in 1843. The first patent was issued thirteen years later to Diess, whose process was used successfully in France and Italy for the extraction of olive oil. Carbon disulfide was the solvent recommended. In 1863 Richardson, Lundy, and Irvine patented the use of petroleum ether as an oil-extraction solvent. The techniques of the industry were for the most part developed in Europe where the lack of fats and oils, still apparent today, stimulated interest in methods for their more economical recovery. Each successful innovation has depended upon the increasing availability of large amounts of solvents with the required characteristics. Since 1918 most of the vegetable oil prepared in Europe has been obtained by solvent-extraction methods. It has even been found practical at times to import press cake, including cottonseed cake, and to extract the residual oil.

In the United States the use of solvents has assumed major importance only during the past ten years with the rapid de-velopment of soybean agriculture. Concurrently, continuous methods, as opposed to batch procedures, have been intro-duced from Europe. The economy and efficiency of con-tinuous solvent-extraction plants have stimulated a. rapid in-crease in the use of the process. At present equipment for extracting 25-30 per cent of the soybean crop (1,049,365 tons processed for oil in 1938) is available although, according to estimates made by the United States Regional Soybean In-dustrial Products Laboratory, only 16 to 17 per cent of the

Co""rteat~. Pord Motor Compan11

SoLVlllNT ExTRACTION PLANT FOR SoTBilAN!! 611

612 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY Vol. 33, No, 5

1938 crop and 17 to 18 per cent of the 1939 crop was actually processed in this manner. The advantages of solvent-extrac-tion methods have been described (2, 4, 9, 14, 19), and the apparent success of modern installations indicates that the chief obstacles to the use of the procedure, at least with soybeans, have been overcome. Corn and linseed oils are also being obtained on a small scale by solvent extraction in this country.

The possibility of employing solvents for the extraction of cottonseed oil commercially has been discussed for many years. Wesson, an enthusiastic advocate of the method (22), reviewed some early experiments in the field, most of them unsuccessful (3). Other investigators have recorded there-sults of laboratory experiments (0, 21), and one pilot plant was in use for a short time. However, the process has never been adopted, and the entire annual yield of 1,400,000,000 pounds of oil (average for 1935-39) is obtained by pressing methods. The cottonseed cake remaining (2,047,000 tons) contains an average of approximately 6 per cent oil, more than two thirds of which would be recoverable if solvent-extraction methods were employed. The excess oil thus available (164,000,000 pounds) could have replaced most of the 194,-000,000 pounds of cottonseed oil imported in 1937, and more than taken care of the entire importation of 77,500,000 pounds in 1938. At 6 cents a pound, the larger yield would represent an annual increased gross return of $10,000,000 to the producers and millers. It is obviously germane to ex-amine critically the circumstances under which the introduc-tion of solvent extraction into cottonseed technology would be feasible.

Gossypol Removal

Cottonseed contains a toxic yellow substance, gossypol, which is detoxified by the cooking treatment used universally to increase the yield and quality of the expressed oil. The residual cake and meal find use as a stock feed for which they are particularly suited by reason of their high protein con-tent. Although other outlets are being sought (15, 16), the tremendous supply of the meal ensures that its major market will not be changed for a number of years. Any solvent-extraction procedure to be used must therefore include means of removing or detoxifying gossypol. The presence of this compound differentiates cottonseed from other sources of edible fats and introduces a factor which requires modifications of what might other-wise be a simple procedure.

130

110

f/190 :II .. a: "' z -70

- 10 OG~I

I v

Ether Mtol

30

vestigations (5). Possible industrial outlets for gossypol are being investigated (8). If a market for gossypol could be developed, the third procedure (hexane extraction followed by extraction with a different organic solvent) would become of commercial significance.

The red color of the oil obtained by solvent extraction of ground cottonseed meats is !l.ttributablc only in part to free gossypol, and care must be taken during the removal of the solvent to avoid high temperatures which cause fixation of the color. Although soap stock formation is said to benefit by the presence of gossypol (18), the refining methods now used for hydraulic press oil would undoubtedly have to be modified. ~o insurmountable difficulty in devising a method for successful refining is foreseen.

Ether extraction leaves a meal which is almost white; that obtained after hexane extraction has a distinct yellow color. Inasmuch as no severe heat treatment has been imposed, both meals contain the proteins and enzymes present in the native seed, and would be source materials for these po-tentially valuable by-products not available in hot-pressed or expeller meal. Gossypol interferes with the activity of trypsin (11) and pancreatic lipase (7), and also would be likely to color protein products; hence it is probable that meal extracted with solvents other than hexane would be most desirable for these purposes.

However, in view of the modifications of known procedures which would be required in order to use different solvents, and also because petroleum solvents are by far the cheapest of any available, primary consideration has been given to the latter possibility. Animal experiments indicate that hexane-extracted meal can be detoxified by autoclaving, but after such processing it does not have the high biological value of unheated gossypol-free meal because the heat itself is detri-mental (Figure 1).

Extraction with PetroleUID Solvents

If hexane is to be used, the most satisfactory procedure from the point of view of quality of oil and nutritive value of the meal involves the detoxification of gossypol prior to the ex-traction. This treatment can be accomplished by cooking with steam according to the method now in use in all oil mills. If the cooked meats are then extracted with hexane, the re-sulting oil may be handled exactly as is the hydraulic-press

I

I ~

I /

l I v / / / ..... v Petroleum Ether Mtol

v v -~ -Commercial Ether Meal Petroleum Ether Meal \ Moot 1 Autoclovtd l Hr. 1 A\lto

May, 1941 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

(.4&ooe} Partial view of oolvent~ rcoovery apparatue

(Right) Dlocharae

614 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY Vol, 33, No. 5

TABLID I. Co.lo!POSITION 01!' CoT'l'ONSEED MEATS DURING CooKING

Cookera Raw Meate ll 8 4 6 6

Run 1 Temp., F. a." 188 220 228 233 228 232 Water,% 10 . 0 9 . 8 7 . 9 6.6 6 . .'1 6.~ Oil,% 82.4 82.0 82.1 82.4 82.6 82.7 32.2

Run2 Temp., C1 F. a:6 182 220 228 233 228 232 Water,% 8 . 3 7.3 6 . 6 4 .8 3.9 ( ,0 Oil,% 34 . 7 33.i 33 . 3 33 . 5 83 . 8 83 . .'1 38.2

Run3 Temp., F. 178 2a 226 231 228 230 Water,% s:1 9 . 6 8 . 7 7 . ol 5.8 4 . 8

May, 1941 INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 619

(2) Bonotto, M., Oil d: Soap, 14, 310 (1937). (3) Breakey, E. P., and Olcott, H. S., 8ci6nca, 87, 87 (1938). (4) Brewla, J., J. Soc. Chern. Ind., 43, 111 (1924). (5) Campbell, K. N., Morrill, R. C., and Adams, R., J. Am. Chern.

Soc., 59, 1723 (1937). (6) Carruth, F. E., Ibid., 40,647 (1918). (7) Gallup, W. D., and Reder, R., J. Agr. RSiearch, 52, 65 (1986). (8) Garner, J. B., Natural Gaa MIJ(J., 16,3 (Jan., 1935). (9) Hassel, B., Oil & Fat lnduatriu, 4, 163 (1927).

(10) Hildebrandt, K .. FetU u. Sl!ifm, 46, 850 (1939). (11) Jones, D. B., and WB.termiLil, H. C., J. Biol. Chern., 56, 501

(1923). (12) Lewkowitaoh, J., "Chemical TeohnolOIIY and Analysis of Oils,

Fate, and Waxes", 6th ed., Vol. 2, p. 20, London, Maamillan Co., 1922.

(13) MacGee, A. E., Oil d: Soap, 14,322,324 (1937). (14) Meyerweisflog, E. W., Ibid., 14, 10 (1937). (15) Olcott, H. 8., and Fontaine, T. D., J. Am. Chern. Soc .. 61, :W37

(1939). (16) Olcott, H. S., and Thornton, C. D. W., Ibid., 61, 2417 (1939). (17) Rosenthal, H., and Trevithick, H. P., Oil d: Soap, 11, 133 (1934). (18) Royce, H. D., and Lindsey, F. A., Jr., IND. ENG. ClllW., 26, 1047

(1933). (19) Schwartz, A. K., Oil & Fallndustrie.o, 4, 284 (11127). (20) Shrader, J. H., Cotton Oil Pre.os. 4, 42 (1921); 5, 29 (1922). (21) Sievers, A. F., and Mcintyre, T. D., Ibid., 4, 44 (1921). (22) Wesson, D., Oil & Fat [nduatriu, 7, 217 (1930). (23) Wesson, D., Oil & Soap, 10, 151 (1933). CoNTBIBtJTION from the Multiple Fellowab.ip of tho Cotton R .. oarch Founda.-tlon at Mellon Inotituto.

Purification of Glycerol by Crystallization

Synthetic glycerol, produced by hydrogen-olysis processes, is highly impure and the isolation of c. P. or even U. S. P. grades has heretofore proved extremely difficult. A new approach to the problem-namely, crystallization in the presence of suitable solvents-readily yields glycerol of any de-gree of purity required. As a result of this process it is now possible to produce by a simple one-step treatment with hydrogen any desired quantity of high-quality glyc-erol from. such abundant carbohydrate ma-terials as starch and dextrose.

T HE production of glycerol from carbohydrate sources by fermentation has been extensively investigated and is reported (6) to have been responsible for the produc-tion of 4,000,000 pounds per month of this material in Ger-many during the war of 1914-18. More recently the hydro-genolysis of carbohydrates has been found (S, 4, $) to furnish a ready source of tbis compound. The conversion of the abundant cornstarch of the Middle West into glycerol via the hydrogenolysis of dextrose is of potential importance from the standpoint of national military preparedness.

Glycerol produced by hydrogenolysis upon an experimental scale in the laboratories of the Commercial Solvents Corpora-tion was somewhat impure and failed to meet u; S. P. speci-fication in four respects: It was slightly colored, it had a disagreeable odor not due to acrolein, it tasted bitter, and a black color was produced when it was treated with an equal volume of sulfuric acid. In order to pass U. S. P. specifica-tions, glycerol must not develop more than a slight color under these conditions. Since conventional purification methods had proved inadequate, an investigation of the ap-plicability of crystallization to the problem was undertaken. Glycerol melts at 18 C. but is rarely seen in solid form be-cause of the ease with wbich it supercools. Apparently the most recently reported attempt to develop a process for the commercial purification of glycerol by crystallization was by Kraut (1) who stated in 1871:

H.B.HASSAND].A.PATTERSON Purdue University and Purdue Research Foundation, Lafayette, Ind.

For producing crystals of glycerine in the first Instance, dis-tilled glycerine of 30 Beaum~ is kept in closed vessels for a week or more at a temperature of from 32 to 43 F., when crystals of pure glycerine will have formed thelllBelves out of the mother liquor.

For manufacturing perfectly pure glycerine from ihe ordinary glycerine of commerce, such glycerine of 30 BealliiW is first cooled down under e:tclusion of moisture from 32 to 43 F. after wbich a small quantity of the before-mentioned crystallized glycerine is introduced and the glycerine is allowed to stand at a low tem-perature, such as above described for some days, whereupon the crystallization of the glycerine will ensue. When the crystalliza-tion is found to proceed no farther the crystals are separated from the remaining mother liquor, first by decantation, and then by a centrifugal drying machine. Should it be desired to carry the process of purification still further the crystals may be melted down and then recrystallized by the above-described process.

So far as we know, the foregoing process invented by Karl Kraut and patented by C. D. Abel was never used commer-cially.

One of the obstacles in working with such a process is the difficulty in obtaining seed crystals. Gibson and Giauque re-ported (S) in 1923 that after "the artifices ordinarily used for starting crystallization in the absence of seed crystals were all tried without success", crystals were produced at will by prolonged cooling of pure glycerol with liquid air and subse-quently bringing the sample gradually to 0 C. Oblad and Newton (B) found that cooling by solid carbon dioxide can be substituted for the lower temperatures of liquid air with equally good results. Glycerol seed crystals are most con-veniently obtained by keeping pure, anhydrous glycerol over-night in a test tube immersed in a Dewar fiask cooled by solid carbon dioxide. Upon removing the test tube, the gla.ssy glycerol appears unchanged because the seed crystals are so small as to be invisible. After standing for a few hours at oo C., the crystals have grown enough to resemble sucrose in genera.! appearance. After 2 days at 10 C. the crystalliza-tion is complete.

Even assuming that seed crystals of glycerol are obtain-able, the process of Kraut is impractical when applied to glyc-erol containing even relatively small concentrations of im-

Patented Dec. 19, 1950 2,534,789

UNITED

1

STATES PATENT OFFI.CE 2,53f,789

ABSORPTION REFBIGERATION

Glen W. Miller, Covina, Edward L. KeOa, .&lham bra, anti Delmar B. Lanen, Wed HoDJwootl, CaW.

No DrawinJ'. AppHcaUon Odober 5, 19f8, Serial No. 701,f02

12 Claims. (Cl. 82-179) 2

This invention relates to improvements 1n ab- detaU In various books on refrigeration engtDeer-sorption refrigeration. and more particularly to ing. ne'w :and useful refrigerant-solvent combinations An improved method of operation of !AlCh sYs tor use in absorption refrigeration. TbJs a.ppllca- tems, employing fractionation of refrigerant and tton 1s a continuation-in-part as to common sub- 5 S:Olvent, fs c:Uselosed in .our hereinabove clted Pat-ject matter of our copendlilg application Serlal ent No. 2,408,802, and while the refrigerant-sol-Number .313,858, filed January 15, 1940, now Pat- vent combinations of thfs invention can be used ent No. 2,408.802. in a machine embc)d.y!ng thfs method, it should

One of the principal objects of this invention is be understood that the refrlgerant-scilvent com to provide new and u.Setul refrigerant-solvent 10 blnatlons described and claimed herein may also combinations for use in absorption refrigeration be used in conventional machines of types already machines. in use, in some eases with slight mechanical ad-

Another object of the invention fs to provide justments to meet changed operating conditions, such refrigerant-solvent combinations of en- as will be apparent to one skllled 1n the art of hanced usefulness as compared to those now in 15 refrigeration engineering. SUch machines in-use or heretofore proposed. elude types having externally operated pumps for

Another object of the invention fs to provide e1fecting transfer of the fiutds contained therein, refrigerants and a solvent of high chemical stabll- as well as those types depending upon pressures ity and freedom from corrosive effects. balanced out by means of an inert gas, fiow being

Another object of the invention is to provide an 20 induced by differences in specific gravity of the absorption refrigeration solvent of high density. fiulds in d11ferent parts of the system.

Other objects of the invention will become ap- In accordance with the present invention, per. parent as the description thereof proeeeils. ehloroethylene

3 Purther in accordance with the invention lt Is

contemplated that other halogenated bydrocar-. bans besides tho.se given above can be used as refrigerants particularly chloro, tluoro, and chloro-tluoro derivatives of simple aliphatic hydrocar-bons, such as the following:

Table 2

4 stantial concentration chosen from the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons of fewer than four car-bon atoms and having at least one hydrogen atom substituted by a halogen o! atomic weight

a less than 50 and having a boiling point between the approximate limits o! -us F. and 99 F.

Name

3. A refrigerant-solvent combination for use in absorption refrigeration machines coD!isting essentially of perchloroethylene In substantinl

10 concentration as the solvent and the dichloro-Formula 1Bot~:. tetratluoroethane

Company

Address:

Tenure:

Operations:

Potential Nexus to Groundwater Contaminant Plume:


GEORGE A. HORMEL & COMPANY

500 N. Lawrence

221 Randolph Street

500 N. Lawrence

221 Randolph Street

1935 to 1953

1953 to 1987

George A Hormel & Company ("Hormel") operated a wholesale meat packing, processing and cold storage plant in Montgomery from about 1935 to 1987 at two adjoining properties near the intersection of Randolph and North Lawrence streets. (See Figure 1)

A 1950 Sanborn map depicts the facility at 500 North Lawrence which contained ammonia tanks, likely for refrigeration purposes. 1 By 1953 Hormel was operating at both 500 North Lawrence and at 221 Randolph in a newly constructed building. 2 As part of the construction, a new catch basin was added in Randolph Street along the railroad spur track which was being raised to accommodate the new building . Hormel used the Central of Georgia Railway Company spur track that lay between 500 North Lawrence and 221 Randolph streets for shipment of carloads of meat products under a May 1953 agreement. 3

By 1955 only the facility at 221 Randolph was in operation with 50 to 100 employees. In 1955 Hormel was distributing brand-name bacon and sausage.4 By 1964, Hormel had added an area for truck repair and storage to its facility at 221 Randolph Street. 5 By 1972 an additional cold storage building was added to the rear of the building .6

In September 1987 the spur track agreement was cancelled which likely marked the end of Hormel operations at 221 Randolph Street?

Hormel's operations were located north of and adjacent to wells CH2-SB5 and TW-08 in which elevated levels of BTEX have been detected.

The available information indicates that Hormel fueled and maintained delivery trucks at its facility at 221 Randolph since at least 1964. The size and location of any fuel tanks serving the facility prior to 1980 is not known. A 2,000-gallon underground diesel fuel storage tank was

1 Sanborn map, Sheet 102, 1950. 2 Sanborn map, Sheet 102, 1953. 3 Agreement between Central of Georgia Railroad and George A. Hormel & Company, May 22, 1953, [From Norfolk

Southern Corporation Section 104(e) Response, EPA barcode 10789859 page 47 of 519 and map following .] 4 Industrial Alabama, 1955, p. 77. 5 Sanborn map, Sheet 102, 1964. 6 Sanborn map, Sheet 102, 1972. 7 Agreement between Central of Georgia Railroad and George A. Hormel & Company, September 4 , 1990, effective

September 29, 1987, [From Norfolk Southern Corporation Section 104(e) Response, EPA barcode 10789859 page 38 of 519]


Company

Key Details:


Agent for Service:


GEORGE A. HORMEL & COMPANY

installed on the property in about 1980, but this may not have been the first or the only tank on the property.

Truck repair and maintenance activities may have involved the use of chlorinated solvents for parts, brake and carburetor cleaning . The Harmel facilities were located within a block of the northern PCE hotspot near the intersection of North Lawrence and Pollard streets. The sewer line serving 500 North Lawrence runs north along Lawrence to Pollard then west along Pollard Street. The sewer line serving 221 Randolph Street runs west along Randolph to Court Street. (See Figure 2)

From at least 1964 through 1987, the facility at 221 Randolph repaired delivery trucks on the property.

A 2000-gallon galvanized steel underground storage tank ("UST"), owned by jobber Interstate Oil, was installed at 221 Randolph in about 1980 and removed in July 1987. The tank held diesel fuel and was last used in May 1987. When the tank was removed there were no odors and no visual evidence of leaks.8

Harmel Foods Corporation , a Delaware corporation, was qualified to operate in Alabama on December 21 , 1936 (Corp ID# 852-901)

2005 - Reorganized as Harmel Food Sales, LLC, a Delaware company. (Corp ID# 608-669)

Active

2011 Net Sales $7.9 Bill ion

Corporate Headquarters: 1 Harmel Place Austin, MN 55912

Registered Agent: CT Corporation System 2 North Jackson St. Suite 605 Montgomery, AL 36104

8 Notification for Underground Storage Tanks, ADEM file 12530-101-004400, August 24, 1987.

July 26, 2012 Page 2 of2

Figure 1 -Site Locations George A. Hormel & Company


Key to Symbols:

soo Approximate Hormel Facility Locations with Street Numbers

* Northern PCE Hotspot Capital City Plume Superfund Site

Figure 2- Sewer Map

George A. Hormel & Company

r=~y Sit!)

AA Rt7


Key to Symbols:

r;;Q'l Approximate Hormel Facility * Northern PCE Hot Spot L:.J Locations with Street Numbers Sewer lines serving Hormel

lbindolph Stre-4!t

Columbu-s Street

Jeff.-rson Str .. et

M~disonAv

Monroe Str~t

Washington Ave

.. .. ~ .. ... .... c .D c

~ ""

N Figure 3- Site Locations in ! Relationship to Contaminant Plumes

George A. Harmel & Company


Key to Symbols:

~ 221 Randolph Approximate Hormel Facility Locations with Street Numbers

RSA Chiller Plant * Northern PCE Hotspot PCE lsoconcentrations (ppb)





Comparison of PCE, TCE, BTEX, TMB and Chloroform Plumes at the Site, Geosyntec, June 8, 2012

Company

Address:

Tenure:

Operations:

HARPER-LEE MACHINE WORKS

425 N. McDonough St.

202 N. Court St.

5-7 Madison Ave.

425 N. McDonough St.


1920-1929

1928- 1949

1950 - Present

202 N. Court Street and 5-7 Madison Avenue

Early city directories indicate that Harper-Lee Machine Works ("Harper-Lee") repaired and rebuilt all types of machinery using industrial processes including oxy-acetylene welding, valve facing, cylinder grinding and rod babbitting at its premises near the corner of Court Street and Madison Avenue. 1 This facility appears to have used two addresses, 202 North Court Street from 1920 to 1929, and 5-7 Madison Avenue from 1928-1949, but appears to have been a single facility. (See Figure 1)

425 N. McDonough Street

In 1950, Harper-Lee moved its operations to 425 North McDonough Street. During the 1950s and 1960s Harper-Lee continued to provide a variety of machining services including machine grinding; crankshaft grinding, welding, cylinder boring, valve reseating or restoring, machine maintenance and general machine shop work and employed fewer than 10 workers.2 The company continues to operate at this address.

Machine shop operations often involve the use of chlorinated solvents, such as TCE and PCE for metal cleaning prior to welding; to remove debris from metal grinding and boring operations; and in the cleaning and maintenance of machinery and shop equipment.

According to USEPA, solvents are commonly used to strip oil and contaminants from metals before welding and repairs, and after grinding, boring and shaping operations. 3 Cold solvent cleaning of metals can be done by several methods including: 1) wipe cleaning using a rag soaked in solvents to physically wipe down a part, 2) soak cleaning by dunking a part in a tank containing solvents, 3) Ultrasonic cleaning is identical to soak cleaning but with an ultrasonic unit attached to the tank to provide a more vigorous cleaning cycle, and 4) steam gun cleaning where solvents are mixed with steam and are shot out of a nozzle, usually to strip paint.4

Solvents are also used in vapor cleaning, where a tank of solvents is heated to its boiling point and the part is placed above the tank so the

1 Montgomery City Directory, 1928, p. 392; Montgomery City Directory, 1931 , advertisement 2 Industrial Directory of Montgomery, 1952, p. 11 ; Industrial Alabama, 1959, p. 77; Industrial Alabama, 1962, p. 83. 3 USEPA, "Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Fabricated Metal Products Industry," July 1990, p. 7 . 4 American Society for Testing and Materials, "Cold Cleaning with Halogenated Solvents," 1966, pp.15-17.



Company HARPER-LEE MACHINE WORKS

solvent vapors condense on the cool metal to remove oil, grease, and debris.5

Machine shops also use petroleum-based products such as cutting and lubricating oils. Commonly known as metal working fluids, these materials may contain hazardous substances as part of their formulation, but they may also become contaminated with hazardous substances such as heavy metals (chromium, cadmium, lead, etc.) as they are used.6

Machine shops must a

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