Cellular Landscape and Network Evolution Roadshow/2019/Minneapolis... · GSM|GPRS|EDGE Full USA 2G...

Technical WorkshopOCTOBER 29-31, 2019 | TELIT HQ – TRIESTE, ITALY

Cellular Landscape and Network EvolutionMarco Stracuzzi

Product Marketing

Cellular IoT around the world

Confidential & Proprietary© 2019 Telit. All Rights Reserved. 3

Telit Technical Workshop 2019

Source: Berg Insight, 2019

Global cellular IoT connections hit 1 billion in 2018

• The global number of cellular IoT subscriptions increased by 70%during 2018 to reach 1.2 billion.

• Until 2023, it is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 49.4%to reach 9 billion IoT devices connected to cellular networks.

• Growth was driven by exceptional adoption in China, 63% of the global installed base.



Mobile Operators cellular IoT connections market share

CHINA 60%+ of WW

connectionsTop 10 MNOs

~ 90%market share

VF 1st EU81M

connections

AT&T 1st US51M

connections



The number of IoT connections as a percentage of the total number of mobile connections

IoT connections for Mobile Operators

Source: Analysys Mason, 2019

AT&Tfrom 1/4 to 1/3

during 2018

Legacy Networks Sunset and Technology Trends



Europe

• Overall strategy:• Maintain 2G – until 2025 *• Shutdown 3G – e.g. Netherlands, UK, Norway, Sweden• Evolve 4G• Launch 5G

• * Exceptions (public information):• Swisscom: 2G sunset 2020, 3G sunset planned 2024• T-Mobile Netherlands: 2G sunset 2020



• 2G (almost) over – only T-Mobile US left

• 3G sunsetting– Verizon: CDMA/EVDO 2020, AT&T: 2-2-22

North America

Since 2G there have been 6 different cellular technologies

2GGE910

CDMACE910

3GHE910

LTE Cat 3LE910

LTE Cat 1LE910

LTE Cat M1ME910

LTE NB IoTNE910



Asia-Pacific

• Korea, Japan, Australia:• Shutdown 2G• Maintain 3G• Evolve 4G• Launch 5G

• China:• Maintain 2G – big istalled base• Deploy NB-IoT – government push



Source: GSMA Internet of Things Programme, April 2019

Mobile IoT global coverage



IoT Technology Trend

3G / HSPA+

LTE Cat3/4

LTE CatM1

NB-IoT

LTE Cat1

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

3G|HSPA+

GSM|GPRS|EDGE

Full USA 2G Shutdown (TMUS)

Swisscom 2G Shutdown

LTE Cat 18/20

5G eMBB

National coverageBig cities

AT&T / VF UK

3G SunsetAT&T

No new 3G activationsNetherlands

3G Sunset

Europe and China only

VoLTE

USA

EU

LTE-M &

NB-IoT

45% of tot.

IoT

(Ericsson)

2G ~40%

of tot. IoT

(Counterpoint)

3G ~20%

of tot. IoT

(Counterpoint)

Scandinavia

3G Sunset

3GPP standards evolution



Technology evolution towards 5G MBB and pervasive IoT

Rel 12 Rel 13 Rel 14 Rel 15 Rel 16 Rel 17 & onwards

Rel 13 launchesRel 14

launches

Rel 15 trials & launches

MOBILE BROADBAND

LICENSED LPWA

Evolution to Mobile IoT

eMTC

NBIoT

FeMTC

eNBIoT

eFeMTC

FeNBIoT

Further eMTC enhancements

Further eMTC ehancements

3GPP STANDARDS

Rel 15 Nationwide rollouts



Summary for LTE Cat 1, LTE-M and NB-IoT

Cat 1 LTE-M NB-IoT

Rel 8 Rel 13 Rel 14 Rel 13 Rel 14

Deployment LTE bands LTE bands(in-band)

In-band & Guard-band LTE, standalone (GSM)

Coverage, MCL 140.7 dB MCL (2Rx) 155.7 dB MCL(a)160.7 dB MCL (b)

164 dB MCL for standalone (d)

DL access scheme OFDMA, 15 kHz tone spacing

OFDMA, 15 KHz tone spacing OFDMA, 15 KHz tone spacing

DL modulations QPSK, 16 QAM, 2 Rx QPSK, 16QAM, 1 Rx QPSK, 1 Rx

UL access scheme SC-FDMA, 15 KHz tone spacing

SC-FDMA, 15 KHz tone spacing SC-FDMA, 15 KHz or 3,75 KHz tone spacing

UL modulations QPSK, 16QAM QPSK, 16 QAM Single Tone: π/4-QPSK, π/2-BPSKMulti Tone: QPSK

Channel bandwidth 1.4-20 MHz 1.4 MHz(1.08MHz = 6 PRB)

5 MHz 180 Khz (1 PRB)

Coverage Enhancements

N/A Mode A: zero-to-small rep. (0 to 5 dB)Mode B: large rep. (10 to 15 dB)

CE level 0,1,2(level 2 correponds to 164dB MCL)

(a) CE Mode B, this is the simulation achieved using conservative receiver Noise Figures and 20 dBm Power Class UE (3GPP TR36.888)(b) CE Mode B, this is the simulation achieved using less conservative receiver Noise Figures and 23 dBm Power Class UE (3GPP TR45.820)(c) The common perception that NB-IoT offers 20 dB symmetrical link budget enhancement is not without a compromise. Max coupling loss (MCL) for in-band and guard-band modes is not symmetrical and much below the target 164dB.

3GPP target was to provide 15 dB of coverage gain for LTE-M with UE @ 23 dBm, compared to LTE Cat 1, and 20 dB for NBIoT.Coverage is increased by simply operating in 180kHz (NBIoT) or 1.08MHz (LTE-M) compared to 20MHz LTE carrier bandwidth, yielding 20dB and 11.5dB improvement respectively.



Summary for LTE Cat 1, LTE-M and NB-IoT – cont’d

Cat 1 LTE-M NB-IoT

Rel 8 Rel 13 Rel 14 Rel 13 Rel 14

Duplex Mode FD-FDD & TDD FD & HD (type B), FDD & TDD HD (type B), FDD

DL antennas 2 1 1

Peak data rate (DL/UL) DL: 10 MbpsUL: 5 Mbps

DL: 300 KbpsUL: 375 Kbps in HD-

FDD(by spec: 1 Mbps / 1 Mbps if FD-

FDD)

DL: 300 KbpsUL: 1 Mbps (d) HD-FDD

Cat M1

DL 2.4 Mbps;UL 2.5 Mbps (e) HD-

FDD Cat M2

DL: 20 KbpsUL: 60 Kbps for multi-

toneCat NB1

DL: 127 Kbps (2 HARQs)UL: 158.5 for multi-tone

Cat NB2

Power saving I-DRX, C-DRX PSM, extended I-DRX, C-DRX PSM, extended I-DRX, C-DRX (longer timers)

Power class Class 3, 23 dBm Class 3, 23 dBmClass 5, 20 dBm

Class 3, 23 dBmClass 5, 20 dBm

Class 3, 23 dBmClass 5, 20 dBmClass 6, 14 dBm

Voice support Yes, VoLTE Yes, VoLTE No

Mobility Full mobility Limited to full mobility Enhanced mobility Cell reselection only

Latency Low-mid, due to higher bandwidth

Low-mid, due to higher bandwidth(field perfomance: 80ms to 4s in CE Mode

Mid-high(field perfomance: 100ms to 10s in CE Mode)

(d) Half-duplex, increase UL TBS to 2984b from 1000b, HARQ’s from 8 to 10, & ACK bundling – max theoretical speed; (e) Peak rate based on 4008b UL/DL TBS, 10 HARQ’s & ACK bundling – max theoretical speed



• GSMA LTE-M/NB-IoT Deployment Guides show concerns about 20dBm:• A reduction in power output from a UE will lead to a reduction in coverage… May introduce areas of the network where the lower

power devices may go out of coverage that didn’t previously exist or limit the ability for a UE to operate below ground in parking garages or the like…. A reduction in coverage may mean a LTE-M device enters Coverage Enhancement levels Mode A or Mode B sooner than a power class 3 device. The impact may mean for some UEs, any energy savings gained through reduced power output are lost or exceeded by the signal repetitions required to deliver a message.

• The introduction of lower power output UEs shifts the burden of understanding the intricacies of their chosen UE to the customer, further complicating an already complex decision process.

• Recommendations: MNOs should, at a minimum, support 23dBm in Release 13. Power levels of less than 23dBm should be considered where it makes sense for an operator and their local market.

• Devices working at 20dBm may enter in Coverage Enhancement Mode sooner than 23dBm devices, meaning they will increase the number of re-transmissions to reach the base stations, thus losing all low power consumption benefits

• Impacts for the end application:• Technical: Higher power consumption → Shorter battery life• Commercial: Higher data usage → Higher connectivity cost

23 dBm or 20 dBm? GSMA Recommendations and impacts



Telit solutions

• 20dBm allows integration of the Power Amplifier, reducing cost and size!

• However, not all MNOs are willing to accept 20dBm devices for all use cases

• ME310G1-W1 @20dBm (PC5) = optimized in cost (“PA-less“)→ Primarly intended for devices with stringent requirements on cost, but with less stringent requirements

on battery life and coverage, and for regions where there is LTE-M and/or NB-IoT national coverage

• ME310G1-WW @23dBm (PC3) = more conservative 23dBm + 2G fallback→ The safest combination in terms of global coverage, ideal fit for regions where 2G is still widespread



IoT Device Categorization with Sample Use Cases

Cat-4DL:~150Mbps UL:~50Mbps

VoLTEFull mobility & roaming

Cat-1DL:~10Mbps UL:~5Mbps

VoLTEFull mobility & roaming

Cat-M1DL:~300Kbps UL:~375Kbps

VoLTE*Full mobility, Partial roaming

Cat-NB1DL:~20Kbps UL:~60Kbps

No VoiceStatic/Nomadic, Partial roaming

Up to 2/dayBattery life: >10

years

Up to 1/hr; 24/day Battery life: 3-5 years

Up to 4/hr; 96/day Battery

life: Months

Up to 10/hr; 240/day Battery

life: Days

>240/dayBattery life: Up

to 1 day

Smart Meters

Industrial Sensors

Connected Elevators

Industrial Monitoring

Smart Parking

Bicycle Sharing

Asset Tracking

Alarm Panels

Telematics

LowToMidLatency

MidToHighLatency

*Under development

Fleet Management

Smart Watches Activity Trackers

Personal/Pet Trackers

Smart Lighting

Video Surveillance

IoT Gateways

Connected Health Care

Throughput

TransactionsBattery life

Market News



June 5, 2019

AT&T, KPN, Orange and Swisscom activate LTE-M roaming

• AT&T, Orange, Swisscom and KPN activated LTE-M roaming across their respective IoT networks, enabling connected devices to operate more efficiently across Europe and North America.

• Swisscom deployed the technology across Switzerland, while Orange’s LTE-M offering is available in France and Romania. KPN launched it in the Netherlands and AT&T operates its network across the US and Mexico.

• By the end of 2020, industry body GSMA believes LTE-M will fully cover Europe, and the companies said they expect to add more operators to the roaming agreement “in the coming months”.



October 23, 2019

AT&T and Vodafone NB-IoT Roaming across U.S. and Europe

• AT&T and Vodafone Business will open up access to their respective NB-IoT networks to make it easier for customers to create massive IoT deployments that work across the U.S. and parts of Europe.

• The inter-carrier roaming arrangement will include the country-wide NB-IoT network for AT&T in the U.S. and the Vodafone networks in Spain, Germany, Italy, UK and the Netherlands.

• It will be available to customers by the end of 2019.



Key takeways

• IoT continues to be a reliable source of growth over the next 5 years

• Hard to let 2G go in Europe, while 3G might disappear first

• North America and Asia-Pacific have already taken the move to 4G and 5G

• LTE Cat.1 is the lowest-tier, mature technology supporting Voice over LTE

• 3GPP standards are evolving in two directions: MBB and LPWA

• LTE-M and NB-IoT are an integral part of long-term 5G Massive IoT strategy

Thank You!

Telit reserves all rights to this document and the information contained herein. Products, names, logos and designs described herein may in whole or in part be subject to intellectual property rights. The information contained herein is provided “as is.” No warranty of any kind, either express or implied, is made in relation to the accuracy, reliability, fitness for a particular purpose or content of this document. This document may be revised by Telit at any time. For most recent documents, please visit www.telit.com © 2019 Telit. All Rights Reserved.

Marco Stracuzzi, Product [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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