HOUSES, HOUSEHOLD AMENITIES & ASSETS AMONG

FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS

HIGHLIGHTS FROM CENSUS 2011

DR. C. CHANDRAMOULIRegistrar General & Census Commissioner, India

• After the conclusion of Census of India 2011, Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets have been released in March 2012

• Selected tables from the above compilation are now released classified by sex of the Head of the Households for the first time in the history of Census.

• These tables will help to provide an insight into the living conditions of the Female Headed Households in the country.

Tables on Houses, Household Amenities & Assets

1. Predominant materials of roof and wall

2. Predominant material of floor

3. Type of structure of the census house occupied

4. Ownership status, Household size and number of dwelling room

5. Source and location of drinking water and availability of electricity & latrine

6. Availability of bathing facility and type of drainage connectivity for waste water outlet

7. Availability of separate kitchen and fuel used for cooking

8. Availability of type of latrine facility

9. Availing banking services and households having each of the specified assets

Today’s ReleaseTables on Houses, Household Amenities & Assets

for Female Headed Households (FHHs)

• All these tables are available for

• Total population, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

• Total, Rural and Urban residence

• Level: Country, State, District, Sub-district, Town

• Up to District level for SC/ST Tables

Today’s ReleaseTables on Houses, Household Amenities & Assets

for Female Headed Households (FHHs)

• A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so.

• The persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both.

Definition of a ‘Household’

• The head of the household for Census purposes is a person who is recognized as such in the household.

• She or he is generally the person who bears the chief responsibility for the maintenance of the household and takes decisions on behalf of the household.

• The head of the household need not necessarily be the eldest male member.

Definition of a ‘Head of the Household’

SUMMARY FINDINGS

Summary of Findings - 1

• There are about 27 million female headed households in the country. They constitute 10.9% of the total households in the country.

27 million female headed

HH

10.9 % of total HHs of India

Summary of Findings - 2

• 43.7% of households in Lakshadweep and 23% households in Kerala have a female as head

Female Headed households

23 % Kerala

43.7%Lakshadweep

Summary of Findings - 3

• About 49 lakh Single Member Female HHs are there in the country. Three-fourth of them live in rural areas and the remaining in urban areas of the country.Single Member Female

households

49 lakhIndia

75% in rural area

Summary of Findings - 4

• In seven major States, the proportion of Single Member Female Headed HH is more than 20%:

1. Chhattisgarh 29.9%2. Madhya Pradesh 24.9%3. Tamil Nadu 26.1%4. Andhra Pradesh 27.1%5. Maharashtra 22.2%6. Odisha 22.1%7. Gujarat 20.4%

Summary of Findings -5

• Larger proportion of Female Headed Households live in ‘No exclusive room’ and in ‘One room’ dwelling units compared to Male Headed Households.

• The household sizes in case of Female Headed Households tend to be smaller than the Male Headed Households.

• The proportions of households possessing different assets is lower in case of Female Headed HHs in comparison to Male Headed HH.

Classification of Households by Sex of the Head of the Households

Indicator Total Rural UrbanC e n s u s 2 0 1 1

Number of Households (in lakh)Total 2,467 1,678 789Male Headed 2,198 1,504 694Female Headed 269 174 94

Number of Households (in %)TotalMale Headed 89.1 89.6 88.0Female Headed 10.9 10.4 12.0

Classification of Households by Sex of the Head of the Households

Total Rural Urban0

20

40

60

80

100

89.1 89.6 88

10.9 10.4 12

Male Headed Female Headed

2011(HH in %)

INDIA

Less than 10.00% Female Headed HHs in:

• Haryana (9.5%)

• Gujarat (9%)

• Chandigarh (8.9%)

• Jharkhand (8.6%)

• UP (8.3%)

• MP (8%)

• J&K (7.9%)

• Bihar (7.4%)

• DNH (5%)

• Rajasthan (4.0%)

Indicator Total Rural Urban

C e n s u s 2 0 1 1

HH (in %)

Female Headed HH (Total) 10.9 10.4 12.0

Female Headed HH (SC) 11.3 10.6 13.4

Female Headed HH (ST) 11.2 10.6 14.5

Proportion of Female Headed Households among Total, SC and ST

India

Classification of Households by Sex of the Head of the Households

Indicator 2011 2001* Change (% pts)

INDIA

Proportion of Male Headed HH (in %)

Total 89.1 89.7 -0.6

Rural 89.6 89.9 -0.3

Urban 88.0 89.0 -1.0

Proportion of Female Headed HH (in %)

Total 10.9 10.4 +0.5

Rural 10.4 10.1 +0.3

Urban 12.0 11.0 +1.0

Note: The Census 2001 data relates to Population Enumeration phase as similar data from Houselisting phase is not available (see Table HH4 India)

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, 2011, 2001 – All Areas

Area (State/UT)ALL AREAS

2011 2001* Change (% pts)

1. Lakshadweep 40.2 34.4 +5.8

2. Kerala 22.7 22.6 +0.1

3. Meghalaya 21.7 23.0 - 1.3

4. Goa 20.3 21.1 -0.8

5. Himachal Pradesh 18.3 17.9 +0.4

1. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 5.0 6.3 -1.3

2. Rajasthan 7.0 6.9 +0.1

3. Bihar 7.4 7.4 -

4. Jammu & Kashmir 7.9 6.7 +1.2

5. Madhya Pradesh 8.0 7.5 +0.5

Note: The Census 2001 data relate to Population Enumeration phase as similar data from Houselisting phase is not available

TOP

5BO

TTO

M 5

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, Total

2001

2001 0.0 - 1010.1 - 2020.1 - 3030.1 - 45.0Missing Value

2011

2011 0.0 - 1010.1 - 2020.1 - 3030.1 - 45.0Missing Value

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, 2011, 2001 - Rural

Area (State/UT)RURAL AREAS

2011 2001* Change (% pts)

1. Lakshadweep 29.1 33.4 -4.3

2. Goa 22.7 23.5 -0.8

3. Kerala 22.0 22.5 -0.5

4. Meghalaya 20.9 22.6 -1.7

5. Himachal Pradesh 18.7 18.5 +0.2

1. Chandigarh 5.1 3.6 +1.5

2. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 5.9 6.8 -0.9

3. Rajasthan 6.5 6.7 -0.2

4. Bihar 7.2 7.3 -0.1

5. Madhya Pradesh 7.2 6.7 0.5

Note: The Census 2001 data relate to Population Enumeration phase as similar data from Houselisting phase is not available

TOP

5BO

TTO

M 5

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, 2011, 2001 - Rural

2001

0.0 - 1010.1 - 1515.1 - 2020.1 - 35.0Missing Value

2011

0.0 - 1010.1 - 1515.1 - 2020.1 - 35.0Missing Value

2001 2011

Proportion of Female Headed Households States, 2011, 2001 - Urban

Area (State/UT)URBAN AREAS

2011 2001* Change (% pts)

1. Lakshadweep 43.7 35.7 +8.0

2. Meghalaya 24.5 24.5 0.0

3. Kerala 23.4 22.8 +0.6

4. Goa 18.8 23.4 -4.6

5. Mizoram 18.5 15.1 +3.4

1. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 4.2 4.9 -0.7

2. Rajasthan 8.6 7.8 +0.8

3. Chandigarh UT 9.0 7.6 +1.4

4. Jammu & Kashmir 9.0 7.7 +1.3

5. Bihar 9.1 8.4 +0.7

Note: The Census 2001 data relate to Population Enumeration phase as similar data from Houselisting phase is not available

TOP

5BO

TTO

M 5

a. The broad range of domestic situations typically characterized by the absence of a resident male head, viz, widowhood, divorce, separation and desertion

b. Migration of male members for long periods

c. Loss of economic function by resident males due to severe unemployment, disability, illness and male reluctance to accept jobs seen as status reducing, etc.

d. Households with no mature sons

e. Sons residing in independent nuclear units.

* - Source: Mayra Buvinic, Nadia H Yousaefet aI, Women-Headed Households: The Ignored Factor in Development Planning, International Centre for Research on Women, Washington, DC, 1978. (Quoted by Lakshmi Lingam ‘Women-Headed Households : Coping with Caste, Class and Gender Hierarchies’, Economic & Political Weekly: Mar 19, 1994

Reasons for emergence of Female Headed Households *

HHs (in %)

Type of HHTotal Rural Urban

M-HH F-HH M-HH F-HH M-HH F-HH

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Single person 2.6 19.0 2.2 21.5 3.6 13.4

Nuclear 57.1 5.3 55.8 4.8 60.2 6.4

Sub nuclear 2.3 36.3 2.2 37.0 2.5 34.7

Supplemented nuclear 14.5 22.0 15.0 21.5 13.4 23.2

Broken extended 1.7 4.2 1.9 3.7 1.4 5.6

Joint 20.5 6.8 21.8 5.3 17.3 10.1

Other 1.3 6.3 1.1 6.2 1.6 6.5

Census 2001 - INDIAHOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION

Data on Houses, Household

Amenities & Assets – Census

2011

Housing Condition – India, 2011TYPE OF CENSUS HOUSES

Type of Census Houses Female Headed HH%

Male Headed HH%

Permanent 60.5 62.1

Semi permanent 26.2 25.0

Temporary 12.4 12.0

Serviceable 7.6 7.2

Non serviceable 4.8 4.8

Any other 0.9 1.0

Housing Condition – India, 2011TYPE OF CENSUS HOUSES

Type of Census HousesFemale Headed HH%

Total SC ST

Permanent 60.5 55.8 33.4

Semi permanent 26.2 26.9 48.1

Temporary 12.4 16.3 17.7

Serviceable 7.6 10.3 11.3

Non serviceable 4.8 6.0 6.4

Any other 0.9 1.0 0.7

DAMAN & DIU

LAKSH

ADWEE

P

CHANDIGARHGOA

HIMACHAL P

RADESH

NCT OF D

ELHI

GUJARAT

UTTARAKHAND

PUNJAB

KERALA

HARYANA

DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI

SIKKIM

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR IS

LANDS

MAHARASHTR

A

KARNATAKA

JAMMU &

KASHMIR

MIZORAM

CHATTISG

ARH

MADHYA PRADES

H

MEGHALA

YA

TRIPURA

RAJAST

HAN

JHARKHAND

NAGALAND

WES

T BEN

GAL

MANIPUR

ANDHRA PRADESH

UTTAR PRADES

H

TAMIL N

ADU

PUDUCHERRY

ASSAM

BIHAR

ODISHA

ARUNACHAL PRADES

H -

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

0.5

0.7

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.8

2.0

2.6

2.8

3.7

4.1

4.3

4.3

5.0

6.9

7.3

7.4

8.2

9.6

9.8

10.

9

11.

3 12.

9

13.

0

14.

0

14.

8

15.

5

16.

8

17.

2

18.

1

18.

3

28.

6

34.

6

38.

3

Housing Condition – India, 2011Temporary Census House (FHH in %)

Temporary: Houses with wall and roof made of temporary material. For example, Wall can be made of Grass, Thatch, Bamboo etc., Plastic, Unburnt brick or Wood and Roof can be made of Grass, Thatch, Bamboo, Wood, Mud, Plastic or Polythene.

Availability of Amenities– Source of Drinking Water, India

Source of Drinking Water Female Headed HH%

Male Headed HH%

Source:Tap water 48.5 42.9

Well 12.6 10.8

Hand-pump 27.7 34.2

Tube well/ Bore hole 7.7 8.6

Other sources 3.6 3.5

Location:

Within premises 45.0 46.8

Near the premises 37.2 35.7

Away 17.8 17.5

Availability of Amenities– Source of Drinking Water, India

Source of drinking waterFemale Headed HH%

Total SC ST

Source:      

Tap water 48.5 48.5 29.6

Well 12.6 8.7 19.5

Hand-pump 27.7 32.2 35.8

Tube well/ Bore hole 7.7 7.4 7.9

Other sources 3.6 3.3 7.3

Location:      

Within premises 45.0 34.3 20.5

Near the premises 37.2 44.7 47.2

Away 17.8 20.9 32.3

Availability of Amenities – Number of Dwelling Rooms India

Number of dwelling roomsFemale Headed

HH%Male Headed

HH%

Total 100.0 100.0

No exclusive room 5.2 3.8

One room 39.3 36.8

Two rooms 29.6 31.9

Three rooms 13.7 14.6

Four rooms 7.1 7.5

Five rooms 2.5 2.6

Six rooms and above 2.6 2.8

Availability of Amenities – Number of Dwelling Rooms India

Number of dwelling roomsFemale Headed HH%

Total SC ST

Total:

No exclusive room 5.2 6.2 5.2

One room 39.3 48.1 46.9

Two rooms 29.6 29.7 30.1

Three rooms 13.7 9.7 10.4

Four rooms 7.1 4.0 4.4

Five rooms 2.5 1.2 1.5

Six rooms and above 2.6 1.1 1.5

TOTAL

Scheduled Castes

Scheduled Tribes

Number of Dwelling Rooms(No Exclusive Room)

TOTAL

Scheduled Castes

Scheduled Tribes

Number of Dwelling Rooms(One Room)

Availability of Amenities – INDIANo Latrine Within Premises (HH %)

LAKSH

ADWEE

P

KERALA

MANIPUR

NCT OF D

ELHI

PUNJAB

NAGALAND

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR IS

LANDS

ASSAM

DAMAN & DIU

MEGHALA

YA

WES

T BEN

GAL

MAHARASHTR

A

KARNATAKA

TAMIL N

ADU

UTTAR PRADES

H

MADHYA PRADES

H

CHATTISG

ARH

ODISHA

-

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

2.4

4

.6

5.5

7

.6

9.6

1

1.4

11.

6 1

2.6

20.

1 2

2.0

22.

6 2

9.0

29.

4 3

0.9 3

5.4

35.

7 3

7.1

39.

1 4

1.4

42.

0 4

2.7

43.

3 49.

3 53.

3 5

4.5 5

8.3

60.

2 6

0.9

62.

6 65.

7 68.

7 7

6.3

78.

2 7

9.4

80.

4

INDIA – 51.7%

Female Headed

HH

Availability of Amenities – INDIAHaving Bathing Facility Within Premises (HH %)

INDIA – 59.4%

ODISHA

CHATTISG

ARH

JHARKHAND

TRIPURA

BIHAR

WES

T BEN

GAL

ASSAM

ARUNACHAL PRADES

H

MADHYA PRADES

H

MEGHALA

YA

MANIPUR

UTTAR PRADES

H

DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI

TAMIL N

ADU

RAJAST

HAN

JAMMU &

KASHMIR

ANDHRA PRADESH

UTTARAKHAND

GUJARAT

SIKKIM

HIMACHAL P

RADESH

PUDUCHERRY

ANDAMAN & NICOBAR IS

LANDS

HARYANA

MIZORAM

NAGALAND

MAHARASHTR

A

KERALA

KARNATAKA

DAMAN & DIU

GOA

PUNJAB

NCT OF D

ELHI

CHANDIGARH

LAKSH

ADWEE

P -

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0 1

7.6

18.

7 23.

3 3

2.8 36.

9 3

9.3 43.

4 4

6.2

48.

2 5

1.5

52.

1 5

5.3

55.

3 5

5.9

57.

6 5

8.7

59.

6 64.

0 6

7.4

71.

2 75.

1 7

6.3

78.

5 8

2.0

82.

6 8

2.7

83.

9 8

3.9

84.

1 8

6.6

88.

7 8

9.8

90.

4 9

3.8

97.

3

Female Headed

HH

Availability of Amenities – INDIA Fuel Used For Cooking

Fuel used for cooking(Cooking inside premises/Has

kitchen)

Female Headed HH (in

‘000)

Female Headed

HH%

Total 15,615 100.0

Fire-wood 6,995 44.8

Crop residue 575 3.7

Cow dung cake 494 3.2

Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 162 1.0

Kerosene 620 4.0

LPG/PNG 6,643 42.5

Electricity 16 0.1

Biogas 73 0.5

Any other 38 0.2

HEALTH ISSUES

Household Size - INDIA

Household SizeFemale

Headed HH%

Male Headed HH

%

Total 100.0 100.0

One member 18.3 1.9

Two members 15.4 9.0

Three members 17.0 13.2

Four members 15.2 23.6

Five members 12.8 19.5

Six to eight members 16.2 26.0

Nine or more members 5.2 6.8

Household Size - INDIA

Household SizeFemale Headed HH%

Total SC ST

Total:      

One member 18.3 18.2 18.8

Two members 15.4 15.2 16.1

Three members 17.0 16.5 17.0

Four members 15.2 15.3 15.5

Five members 12.8 12.9 12.4

Six to eight members 16.2 17.3 16.5

Nine or more members 5.2 4.6 3.6

TOTAL

Scheduled Castes

Scheduled Tribes

Household Size(One Person)

Availing Banking Services- INDIA(Female Headed HH in %)

MANIPUR

NAGALAND

ODISHABIHAR

CHATTISGARH

TAMIL NADU

ANDHRA PRADESH

MEGHALAYA

MADHYA PRADESH

DADRA & N

AGAR HAVELI

ASSAM

WEST BENGAL

JHARKHAND

GUJARAT

KARNATAKA

PUDUCHERRY

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

MIZORAM

MAHARASHTRA

RAJASTHAN

HARYANA

SIKKIM

PUNJAB

KERALA

UTTAR PRADESH

DAMAN & DIU

JAMMU &

KASHMIR

TRIPURA

NCT OF DELH

I

LAKSHADW

EEP

UTTARAKHAND

CHANDIGARH

GOA

HIMACHAL P

RADESH

ANDAMAN & N

ICOBAR ISLA

NDS -

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00 3

0.41

32.

42

36.

29

39.

52

40.

62

40.

74

40.

93

41.

03

43.

88

44.

19

44.

78

47.

28

47.

79

50.

25

52.

94

54.

09

54.

20 60.

29

60.

46

61.

73

65.

73

67.

40

68.

60

69.

56

70.

07

73.

02

73.

72

78.

90

80.

27

82.

80

82.

99

85.

91

87.

26

89.

34

91.

24

INDIA – 53.4%

Female Headed

HH

Possession of Assets - INDIA

Assets Female Headed HH%

Male Headed HH%

Radio/ Transistor 16.1 20.3

Television 45.3 47.5

Computer/Laptop - With Internet 2.5 3.2

Computer/Laptop - Without Internet 6.0 6.4

Telephone (Land line only) 4.3 4.0

Mobile phone 44.3 54.3

Bicycle 28.9 46.8

Scooter/Motorcycle/Moped 13.7 21.9

Car/ Jeep/ Van 3.2 4.8

None of the specified assets 28.7 16.5

Possession of Assets - INDIA

Assets Female Headed HH%

Total SC ST

Radio/ Transistor 16.1 12.4 11.2

Television 45.3 38.7 21.8

Computer/Laptop - With Internet 2.5 1.0 0.8

Computer/Laptop - Without Internet 6.0 4.9 4.5

Telephone (Land line only) 10.3 5.2 3.6

Mobile phone 44.3 40.2 27.2

Bicycle 28.9 28.7 24.0

Scooter/Motorcycle/Moped 13.7 8.4 5.9

Car/ Jeep/ Van 3.2 1.2 1.3

None of the specified assets 28.7 33.8 48.5

TOTAL

Scheduled Castes

Scheduled Tribes

Possession of Assets(Television)

TOTAL

Scheduled Castes

Scheduled Tribes

Possession of Assets(No Asset)

Thank you …..

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