POWER SYSTEMS

Sc o t t Da r l i n gOc t ob er 1 1 , 2007

CFB Tec h n o l o gy :Cl ea n , Ec on om i c an d Ef f i c i en t St eam an d Power Gen er a t i o n

f o r t h e Oi l San d s In d u st r y

Agen d a

St eam /Power Need s

Ava i l a b l e Fu e l s

Al s t om CFB Tec h n o l o gy

CFB f o r Oi l San d s Ap p l i c a t i o n s

Su m m a r y o f CFB Ben ef i t s

Can ad a : Wo r l d ’s Sec on d La r gest Oi l Reser v es

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Economic

Si gn i f i c a n t Oi l Sa n d s Pr o d u c t i o n Ex p a n si o n P l a n n ed

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Oi l San d s Ex p a n si o n Pr o j ec t s P l a n n ed In c l u d e:

• Mi n e

− In c r ea se p r o d u c t i o n o f b i t u m en

• St eam Assi s t ed Gr a v i t y Dr a i n a ge (SAGD)

− In c r ea se p r o d u c t i o n o f b i t u m en

• Up gr a d e r

− Up gr a d e b i t u m en t o sy n t h e t i c c r u d e o r

l i gh t e r , h i gh e r - va l u e p r o d u c t s

Oi l San d s Ex p a n si o n : Si gn i f i c a n t St eam an d Power Need s

• Min e

− 1 00,000 b /d

− El ec t r i c a l d em an d - 75 MW

− St eam Requ i r em en t s - 770 t /h r

• SAGD

− 50,000 b /d

− El ec t r i c a l d em an d - 40 MW

− St eam Requ i r em en t s - 820 t /h r

• Up gr ad e r

− 1 00,000 b /d

− El ec t r i c a l d em an d - 1 00 MW

− St eam r equ i r em en t s - 590 t /h r

Mi n i n g

Illus tra tio n courtesy o f Im pe ria l O i l Limi ted Illus tra tio n courtesy o f Im pe ria l O i l Limi ted

SAGD

Illus tra tio n co urtesy o f OPTI CA NADAIllus tra tio n co urtesy o f OPTI CA NADA

Agen d a

St eam /Power Need s

Ava i l a b l e Fu e l s

Al s t om CFB Tec h n o l o gy

CFB f o r Oi l San d s Ap p l i c a t i o n s

Su m m a r y o f CFB Ben ef i t s

Fu e l Op t i o n s

• Na t u r a l Gas− Cu r r en t f u e l o f c h o i c e

• Bi t u m en− Pr od u c t o f m i n i n g, SAGD

• Coa l− Lo c a l l y a va i l a b l e

• Pet c o k e/Asp h a l t en e− By p r o d u c t o f u p gr a d i n g p r o c esses

Al t e r n a t e Fu e l s Ava i l a b l e

Fu e l Pr i c es

Low- Cost Fu e l = Low- Cost St eam /Power

-5 0 5 10 15

Pet Coke

Asphaltene

Coal

Bitumen

Natural Gas

$CAN/GJ

Agen d a

St eam /Power Need s

Ava i l a b l e Fu e l s

Al s t om CFB Tec h n o l o gy

CFB f o r Oi l San d s Ap p l i c a t i o n s

Su m m a r y o f CFB Ben ef i t s

• Fu e l Fl ex i b i l i t y• Tr a d i t i o n a l So l i d Fu e l s (Coa l , B i om a ss, e t c )

• Op p o r t u n i t y Fu e l s (Pe t c o k e, Asp h a l t en e , B i t u m en , e t c )

• Low Em i ss i o n s• SO2

• NOx ,

• Pa r t i c u l a t e

Key CFB Ad van t a ges: Fu e l Fl ex i b i l i t y , Low Em i ss i o n s

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year of Order Year of Order

MWe NumberCumulative Capacity (MWe) Cumulative Number of Units

010000200003000040000500006000070000

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Over 63,000 MWe, over 900 units

CFB - Pr o ven Tec h n o l o gy

ALSTOM: CFB Ma r k e t Lead er

10.5

15.2

27.7

ALSTOMALSTOM LICENSEESOTHERS

CFBs > 50 MWGW

48% Market Share

6.96.3

4.7

ALSTOMALSTOM LICENSEESOTHERS

CFBs > 150 MW

GW

65% Market Share

C F B : L o w T e m p e r a tu r e C o m b u s t io n

Fluidized Bed Firing

Furnace Temperature

S toker Firing(Fixed Bed)

Bubbling Fluidized Bed

Fuel FeedS ize

Pulverized Firing(Entrained Bed)

Circulating Fluidized Bed

G a s

F u e l

A ir A s h

G a s

F u e lA ir

A s h

G a s

F u e l & S o r b e n t

A ir A s h

G a s

A s h

A irF u e l & S o r b e n t

Velocity 2 .5 - 3 m /s e c 1 - 3 m /s e c 4 .5 - 1 0 m /s e c4 .5 - 7 m /s e c

3 8 m m x 0 3 8 m m x 0 7 0% b e lo w 0 .0 7 5 m m1 2 m m x 0

1100-1400 °C 800-900 °C 800-900 °C 1400-1650 °C

A ir

CFB Pr o c ess: Sim p l e, Pr o ven

Good Fu e l Bu r n ou tGood So r b en t U t i l i z a t i o n

Lon g So l i d s Resi d en c e Tim e

Han d l es Low Gr ad e Fu e l sSim p l e Feed Sy st em

Ho t Ci r c u l a t i n g So l i d s

Low NOxLow SO2Fu e l Fl ex i b i l i t y

Low Fu r n ac e Tem p er a t u r e

Benef i t sFeat ur es

1500 - 1650 °FFlue Gas

Air

Limestone 1 mm x 0

Fuel12 mm x 0

Air

800 - 900 °C

5-6 m/s

CFB Pr o c ess: Sim p l e, Pr o ven

Cyclone

Furnace

Ash Cooler

Secondary Air

Lim

esto

ne

Day

Bin

Coa

l D

ay S

tora

ge

Primary Air

I.D.

Fan

Stack

Fabric Filter

or

Electrostatic

Precipitator

Fabric Filter

PA Fan SA Fan

FBHE

Seal PotAir Heater

Al s t om CFB ex p e r i en c e i n c l u d es

• An t h r a c i t e

• B i t u m i n o u s c o a l

• Su b - b i t u m i n o u s c o a l

• Li gn i t e

• Br own Coa l

• Op p o r t u n i t y Fu e l s

− Pe t r o l eu m c o k e - d e l a y ed a n d f l u i d

− Bi om a ss - r a n g i n g f r om wood c h i p s t o o l i v e p i t s t o p a p er m i l l s l u d ge

− Coa l wa st es - an t h r a c i t e c u lm , a n t h r a c i t e s i l t , b i t u m i n o u s go b , wa sh e r y

wa st es

− Oi l Sh a l e

− Hea vy Oi l

− Sewage s l u d ge

HHV, MJ/kg 33 2.4H2O, % wt. 62% 3%Ash 76% 4%Carbon 71% 19%Sulfur 8% 0.3%

Constituent LowHigh

A wide range of constituents

Fu e l Fl ex i b i l i t y Dem on st r a t ed

3 01 72 02 5P a r t ., m g /N m 3

2 1 01 3 01 3 01 0 5N O x , m g /N m 3

2 4 02 62 6 01 4 5S O 2 , m g /N m 3

C o a lC o a lP e t c o k eF u e l

C A S A P r o p o s e d G u id e l in e s

A E S P u e r t o R ic o *

G i lb e r t*M a i L ia o *

Low Em i ssi o n s Dem on st r a t ed

Pr o p o sed Al b er t a Em i ss i o n Gu i d e l i n es Dem on st r a t ed

* In c l u d es p o l i sh i n g sc r u b b e r p l u s SNCR

Bo i l e r Si zes t o 340 MWe Dem on st r a t ed

1X300 MW (RH)2X300 MW (RH)2X300 MW (RH)2X300 MW (RH)

1986 1987 1989 1990 1993 1996 2000 2004

BaimaKaiyuan

QinhuangdaoXialongtan

Scott Paper *

1x65 MW

CFB

IONE Westwood

NEPCO Ultra-

Systems

7 Units15-43 MW

CFBThames *

Shady Point *

5X80 MW (RH)

CFB Texas-New

Mexico

2X155 MW (RH)

CFB WarriorRun *

1X210 MW (RH)

CFB ProvenceKEPCO

1X250 MW (RH)2X220 MW (RH)

CFB

CFB

Guayama *Red HillsSeward *

E. Kentucky* Sulcis

2X250 MW (RH)2X250 MW (RH)2X290 MW (RH)2X260 MW (RH)1X340 MW (RH)

CFB+ 50.0 m

± 0.0 m- 1.5 m

Coal Bunker

SH 3

Evap

orat

or W

ings

SH 2

Ash Cooler

ECO

Prim. AirSec. Air

TAPH

ECO

SH1/2

SH1/1

* Construction by Alstom

0102030405060708090

100

Pforzheim

Koehler

Twin Oak

es

Emile H

uchet

Prove

nce

Warrior R

un

Mai Liao

Note: Reliability calculated as 100% - Forced Outage Rate (FOR)

H i gh Re l i a b i l i t y Dem on st r a t ed

7 y r s 9 y r s7 y r s 9 y r s 4 y r s 4 y r s 2 y r s

Bo i l e rRe l i a b i l i t y

Agen d a

St eam /Power Need s

Ava i l a b l e Fu e l s

Al s t om CFB Tec h n o l o gy

CFB f o r Oi l San d s Ap p l i c a t i o n s

Su m m a r y o f CFB Ben ef i t s

CFB Desi gn f o r Oi l Sa n d s Ap p l i c a t i o n s

30 - Pa r t i c u l a t e , m g/Nm 3

* Pr o p o sed Al b e r t a gu i d e l i n es

21 0 - NOx , m g/Nm 3

240 - SO2, m g/Nm 3

Em i ss i o n s *

Pet c o k e - 1 00%Asp h a l t en e/B i t u m en - 40%

Desi gn Fu e l s

1 49Feed wa t e r Tem p er a t u r e , C

541 - Tem p er a t u r e , C

1 29 - Pr essu r e , b a r

500 - Fl ow, t /h r

St eam Con d i t i o n s

St a n d a r d Bo i l e r Si z e f o r Mu l t i p l e Ap p l i c a t i o n s

• Su i t a b l e f o r Mi n e , SAGD, Up gr a d e r Ap p l i c a t i o n s

• Power Gen er a t i o n v i a Ba c k p r essu r e T/G

• Low- Cost Fu e l s

• Low Em i ss i o n s

• Pr o ven Desi gn

• Mi n im u m Wa t e r Use

CFB Desi gn f o r Oi l Sa n d s Ap p l i c a t i o n s

Pet c o k e: H i gh Su l f u r , H i gh Van ad i u m , Low Vo l a t i l e Fu e l

Ca r b on 80.70 % (wt .)

Hy d r o g r en 3.71 %

Ox y gen 1 .69 %

Ni t r o gen 1 .37 %

Su l p h u r 7.33 %

Mo i s t u r e 5.00 %

Ash 0.20 %

Va 1 200 p pm

Ni 430 p pm

Vo l a t i l es 9 %

HHV 33 MJ/k g

Ty p i c a l Pe t c o k e An a l y s i s

Lim est o n e r ea c t s w i t h van ad i u m t o f o r m st a b l e , n on - c o r r o s i v e c om p ou n d s

Van ad i u m

Ho t c i r c u l a t i n g so l i d s p r o v i d e c on t i n u o u s, st a b l e i gn i t i o n

Lon g so l i d s r es i d en c e t im e p r o v i d es h i gh c a r b on b u r n ou t

Low Vo l a t i l es

Su l f u r c ap t u r e v i a l im est o n e, p o l i sh i n g sc r u b b er (i f n eed ed )

H i gh Su l f u r

Benef i t s of CFBPet coke Feat ur es

CFB: Tec h n o l o gy o f Ch o i c e f o r Pet c o k e Fi r i n g

Site Type of Petcoke MWe Operation Torrance Delayed 12 1986 Bay Area #1- Pittsburgh Fluid 20 1989 Bay Area #2- Pittsburgh Fluid 20 1989 Bay Area #3-Antioch Fluid 20 1989 Bay Area #4-Antioch Fluid 20 1990 Bay Area #5- Pittsburgh Fluid 20 1990 New Brunswick Power Delayed 20 1990 Hanford Delayed 27 1991 Ft. Howard- Rincon Delayed 35* 1991 Ft. Howard- Green Bay Delayed 45* 1991 CEMEX – Tamuin Delayed 130 2002 CEMEX – Tamuin Delayed 130 2002

FPC - Mai Liao Delayed 150 2003 FPC - Mai Liao Delayed 150 2003 CEMEX – Tamuin Delayed 130 2004 CEMEX – Tamuin Delayed 130 2004

FPC - Point Comfort Delayed 150 2009 FPC - Point Comfort Delayed 150 2009 *Equivalent Electrical Output - Steam Production Only

Al st om : Si gn i f i c a n t CFB Ex p er i en c e f i r i n g 1 00% Pet c o k e

CFB: Cap ab l e o f Fi r i n g Bi t u m en , Asp h a l t en e

B i t u m en , a sp h a l t en e l i m i t ed t o 40% MCR l o a d p en d i n g f u r t h e r t est s

230

630

-

0.7

4.9

0.4

-

1 0.3

83.7

40.9

Asp h a l t en e

42.633HHV (MJ/k g)

75400Ni c k e l (p pm )

1 200

5

0.2

7.33

1 .37

1 .69

3.71

80.7

Pe t c o k e

250

-

0.7

4.9

0.4

1 .2

1 0.3

83.7

B i t u m en

Mo i s t u r e

Ni t r o gen

Ox y gen

Hy d r o gen

Ca r b on (% b y w t )

Van ad i u m (p pm )

Su l p h u r

Ash

Si d e Vi ew

Fr o n t Vi ew

Li q u i d Fu e l

Fu e l Lan c e: Al l ows Fi r i n g Hea vy Li q u i d s

CFB f o r Oi l San d s Pl a n t : Ba sed on Ma i Li a o Desi gn

• Cu st om er : Fo r m o sa P l a st i c s Co r p .

• Lo c a t i o n : Ma i Li a o , Ta i wa n

• Fu e l : Pe t r o l eu m c o k e

• Fu e l su l p h u r c o n t en t : 6.5%

• Su l p h u r r em o va l : 98%

• Com m i ss i o n i n g : 2002/3

• St eam Con d i t i o n s: − Fl ow: 500 t /h r− Pr essu r e : 1 29 b a r− Tem p .: 541 °C

Ma i Li a o : 1 00% Pe t c o k e Fi r i n g w i t h Low Em i ss i o n s

Al st om ’s Fl a sh Dr y er Ab so r b er (FDA): Mi n im i z es Co st o f Su l f u r Cap t u r e

• SO2 c ap t u r e sp l i t b e t ween CFB an d FDA

− Red u c es l im est o n e f eed t o CFB

• CFB f l y a sh c o n t a i n s CaO

− Cap t u r es SO2 i n FDA

• No s l u r r y h a n d l i n g

• Low wa t e r c o n su m p t i o n

• Dr y p r o d u c t

TC

Fabr i c Fi l t er

Reci r cul at i on

Humi di f i er

Wat er

Li me( i f needed)

Fl yas h t o Di s pos al

Fl ue Gas f r om CFB

FDA Dem on st r a t ed a t Ma i Li a o

Agen d a

St eam /Power Need s

Ava i l a b l e Fu e l s

Al s t om CFB Tec h n o l o gy

CFB f o r Oi l San d s Ap p l i c a t i o n s

Su m m a r y o f CFB Ben ef i t s

CFB Ben ef i t s:

• Su i t a b l e f o r Mi n e, SAGD, Up gr a d e r ap p l i c a t i o n s

− Power gen e r a t i o n v i a b a c k p r essu r e T/G (op t i o n a l)

• Low- c o st f u e l c a p a b i l i t y

− Red u c ed op er a t i n g c o st s

• Po t en t i a l b i om ass f i r i n g

− CO2 em i ss i o n c r ed i t

• Low em i ss i o n s (NOx , SOx , PM)

− Pr op o sed em i ss i o n gu i d e l i n es d em on st r a t ed

• Ref e r en c e b o i l e r i n su c c ess f u l op er a t i o n on p e t c o k e

− Pr o ven d es i gn , f u e l c ap ab i l i t y , em i ss i o n s

• Red u c ed wa t e r u se

− Su p er h ea t ed st eam (vs sa t u r a t ed )− Dr y SO2 c ap t u r e (vs WFGD)

• Dr y b o t t om / f l y a sh

− Man y p o t en t i a l b en e f i c i a l u ses

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