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© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Introduction-Overview
• Why use a GIS?
• What can a GIS do?
• How does a GIS work?
• GIS definitions_
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Why use a GIS?
• An extension of the paper map, but much more than a map, as you will see.
• GIS uses the analytical power of the computer to complete complex tasks.
• Computer's storage power to manage large data sets.
• Integration of many different types of data from many different sources.
• GIS maps a variety of different data to the same coordinate space (combination).
• More media stable than paper media, and easier to distribute via the net. • Faster and easier update. • Creation and use of "one-time" maps. • Tailor-made maps.
• Elimination of some user bias.
• GIS brings new tools for thinking differently about geographic data._
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
What can a GIS do?
• Locate geographic features based on properties.
• Identify and analyze properties of geographic features based on location.
• Estimate economic effects of land-use regulation.
• Determine the optimal locations of new businesses.
• Generate optimal routing and scheduling delivery and repair services.
• Determine the ground area covered by a new cellular phone network.
• Delineate watershed boundaries.
• Predict vegetation types based on elevation, slope, and aspect.
• Predict landslide hazard for harvest units.
• Epidemeology.
• Locate natural areas that need protection.
• Make colorful and interesting maps._
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of what a GIS can do
• Example 1: Where is a given feature or set of features? Where are forest stands greater than 100 years of age?
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of what a GIS can do
• Example 2: What features are at a given location?
• What is the age of the forest near the 1050 Road?
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of what a GIS can do
• Example 3: Where are areas that meet a given complex set of criteria? What parts of the forest are located:
• on > 30% slope?
• closer than 100 ft to a stream, and• farther than 50 ft from a road,
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of what a GIS can do
• Example 4: How can operation costs be calculated with a GIS?
• What is the average yarding distance for each stand in the forest?
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of what a GIS can do
• Example 5: How can watershed analysis data be generated within a GIS?
area length density
forest 6.67 mi2
roads 54 mi 8.13 mi / mi2
streams 31 mi 4.62 mi / mi2
• What are the road and stream densities (mi / sq. mi) for the forest area?
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of GIS maps
topographic mapping
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of GIS maps
orthophoto image maps
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of GIS maps
surface drapes & 3-D modeling
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of GIS maps
classified thematic mapping
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
Examples of GIS maps
research documentation
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
How does GIS work?
tabular data
• Combination of
and
coordinate data
each feature has a record
© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2000
CFR 250/590 Introduction to GIS
intro_overview.ppt
GIS definitions
• "A system of hardware, software, and procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation, analysis, modeling and display of spatially-referenced data for solving complex planning and management problems."
• A working GIS integrates five key components:
• methods
• people, and
• data,
• software,
• hardware,