CH 2 CH 2EUROPE’S HIGH

MIDDLE AGESEUROPE’S HIGH

MIDDLE AGES

THE BATTLE OF HASTINGSTHE BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066 ce For the throne of England

The Bayeux Tapestry Propaganda bias

1066 ce For the throne of England

The Bayeux Tapestry Propaganda bias WILLIAM VS HAROLD

THE FEUDAL SYSTEMTHE FEUDAL SYSTEM

Based on the three “F”s Fief - land Fealty- loyalty Faith - religion

The Feudal Contract A series of obligations to each other bonded by an

“Oath of Allegiance.” The monarch parcelled out blocks of land.

Based on the three “F”s Fief - land Fealty- loyalty Faith - religion

The Feudal Contract A series of obligations to each other bonded by an

“Oath of Allegiance.” The monarch parcelled out blocks of land.

MEDIEVAL HIERARCHYMEDIEVAL HIERARCHY

MONARCH (King)

GREATER NOBLES(Barons)

LESSER NOBLES

MINOR NOBLES

COMMONERS(Serfs/Freeholders)

THE MANORTHE MANOR

KEY TERMS Self-sufficient - mills, tannery,

bakehouse,well, blacksmith,church. Sustainable Lord’s demesne Bailiffs Three field system Fallow

KEY TERMS Self-sufficient - mills, tannery,

bakehouse,well, blacksmith,church. Sustainable Lord’s demesne Bailiffs Three field system Fallow

ORDINARY PEOPLEORDINARY PEOPLE

Serfs and freeholders did much of the work but had the least.

Serfs donated 2-3 days/week labour.5000 calories/day => bread & beer.Small homes with dirt floor and 1 room.No power or water and little furniture.Hard lives - men, woman and child

worked.

Serfs and freeholders did much of the work but had the least.

Serfs donated 2-3 days/week labour.5000 calories/day => bread & beer.Small homes with dirt floor and 1 room.No power or water and little furniture.Hard lives - men, woman and child

worked.

LORD AND LADY OF THE MANOR

LORD AND LADY OF THE MANOR

Lived well in comparison but still a simple life. Had many privileges - servants, falcons,

horses, troubadours, furniture. Obligations - provide knights, to marry and

have children(marriage = power, not love), provide the necessities.

Boys were a priority - the land went to the eldest son. Women had few rights. Widows maintained land

many refused to remarry.

Lived well in comparison but still a simple life. Had many privileges - servants, falcons,

horses, troubadours, furniture. Obligations - provide knights, to marry and

have children(marriage = power, not love), provide the necessities.

Boys were a priority - the land went to the eldest son. Women had few rights. Widows maintained land

many refused to remarry.

BELIEF AND DEVOTIONBELIEF AND DEVOTION

Almost all Western Europeans were Christians.

People would be judged after death. Heaven or Hell ?!?!

No important event could proceed without God’s blessing.

Their place in society was all part of God’s plan.

Almost all Western Europeans were Christians.

People would be judged after death. Heaven or Hell ?!?!

No important event could proceed without God’s blessing.

Their place in society was all part of God’s plan.

THE CHURCHTHE CHURCH Christians could only practice

through the church. The worst thing that could happen

was to be excommunicated.Seven Deadly Sins - (pride, anger,

envy, greed, lust, gluttony, & sloth) The church had considerable

power – even monarchs. The church collected tithes.

10% of incomeSome clergy became very wealthy

Christians could only practice through the church.

The worst thing that could happen was to be excommunicated.Seven Deadly Sins - (pride, anger,

envy, greed, lust, gluttony, & sloth) The church had considerable

power – even monarchs. The church collected tithes.

10% of incomeSome clergy became very wealthy

MEDIEVAL LAWMEDIEVAL LAWTrial by Ordeal & Trial by Battle

God would determine innocenceManor Courts- settled minor

disputes usually to do with farming or property.

Royal Courts – dealt with serious crimes such as murder, treason, rape and burglary. Used common law.

Church Courts – tried the clergy. Usually gave out lighter sentences.

Trial by Ordeal & Trial by Battle God would determine innocence

Manor Courts- settled minor disputes usually to do with farming or property.

Royal Courts – dealt with serious crimes such as murder, treason, rape and burglary. Used common law.

Church Courts – tried the clergy. Usually gave out lighter sentences.

MEDIEVAL GEOGRAPHYMEDIEVAL GEOGRAPHY Most were uneducated

and knew very little of the world.

Journeys were dangerous and outlaws were common.

T-O maps placed Jerusalem at the center of the map.

Marco Polo Silk Road - China

Most were uneducated and knew very little of the world.

Journeys were dangerous and outlaws were common.

T-O maps placed Jerusalem at the center of the map.

Marco Polo Silk Road - China

THE CRUSADESTHE CRUSADES

European Christians fought the Muslims for control over the Holy Land (Palestine) Seven crusades in total.

Reasons to fight – place in heaven, wealth, land, adventure, excitement. Results – new ideas brought home, trade, knowledge, further exploration.

European Christians fought the Muslims for control over the Holy Land (Palestine) Seven crusades in total.

Reasons to fight – place in heaven, wealth, land, adventure, excitement. Results – new ideas brought home, trade, knowledge, further exploration.

ROYAL POWER AND DEMOCRACYROYAL POWER AND DEMOCRACY

By custom the monarch had power.

The Feudal Code kept him honest to the Barons who would attack if corrupt.

A time when family honour was of great importance.

By custom the monarch had power.

The Feudal Code kept him honest to the Barons who would attack if corrupt.

A time when family honour was of great importance.

ELEANOR OF AQUITAINEELEANOR OF AQUITAINE

Most famous woman in Europe. Queen of both France and England. Fought in crusades and promoted women’s

rights – both uncommon. Spent 16 yrs. in prison.

treason against her husband. her sons included Richard the Lion-Hearted and King John I.

Most famous woman in Europe. Queen of both France and England. Fought in crusades and promoted women’s

rights – both uncommon. Spent 16 yrs. in prison.

treason against her husband. her sons included Richard the Lion-Hearted and King John I.

KING JOHN – The Robin Hood villainKING JOHN – The Robin Hood villain

Lost the people’s support when fought with the Pope. Excommunicated the King and

placed England under an interdict (no religious ceremonies).

Broke Feudal Code with Barons.

Raised taxes and hired army to fight his own people.

The people rebelled and forced him to sign the Magna Carta The first step towards democracy.

Lost the people’s support when fought with the Pope. Excommunicated the King and

placed England under an interdict (no religious ceremonies).

Broke Feudal Code with Barons.

Raised taxes and hired army to fight his own people.

The people rebelled and forced him to sign the Magna Carta The first step towards democracy.