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CHALLENGES

FOR THE INDIAN

ECONOPMY

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POVERTY

It is a situation in which a personis unable to get minimum basic

necessities of life, i.e.. food, clothingand shelter for his or her living. Ineconomic terms they are called

poverty ridden and are people living

below poverty line (BPL).

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POVERTY ALLEVIATIONPROGRAMMES (PAP)

PRIME MINISTER ROZGAR YOJANA(PMRY)AND SWARNAJAYANTI SHAHARI ROJGAR

YOJANA (SJSRY): Aimed at the welfare of the educated

unemployed in urban areas.

Self employment to the educatedunemployed particularly in urban areas.

The age group of 18 to 35 are expected

to benefit.

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POVERTY ALLEVIATIONPROGRAMMES (PAP)

JAWAHAR GRAM SAMRIDHI YOJANA(JGSY):

To generate employment for those menand women who do not get sufficientdays of employment in rural areas.

Creating community assets as socialforestry, soil conservation, minorirrigation projects and renovation ofvillage wells, rural roads, dispensaries,

schools, panchayat ghars, bus stands,

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UNEMPLOYMENT

A situation in which asection of people , whoare able and willing towork but do not find

gainful work is referred toas unemployed.

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TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT:

It is a situation which more people are

engaged in an activity than the requiredones. The people who are actuallyengaged in such an activity appear tobe employed but are not fullyemployed.

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TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT:

During off-season there is

unemployment of people engaged insuch types of work or activities whichcater to the seasonal demand.eg.agriculture in India is a seasonalactivity as it depends on monsoon.

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TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT:

The mismatch of available capital and

the size of the labour force createspersistent unemployment both inagriculture and industry. Lack ofresource to provide employment.

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OTHER TYPES OFUNEMPLOYMENT

When there is unemployment due toreduction of demand for goods, it is

referred as CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT. If unemployment occurs owing to

changes in technology, it is referred toas TECHNICAL UNEMPLOYMENT.

These types of unemployment areharmless and prevail for short durationsonly.

S G S O C

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STRATEGIES TO REDUCEUNEMPLOYMENT

The government has undertaken manyspecial programes to generate

employment opportunities. The majorones among them are:

RURAL WORKS PROGRAMME:

Construction of civil works ofpermanent nature in rural areas.

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STRATEGIES TO REDUCEUNEMPLOYMENT

INTEGRATED DRY LAND AGRICULTURAL

DEVELOPMENT:Permanent works like soil

conservation, development of land and

water harnessing are undertaken.

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STRATEGIES TO REDUCEUNEMPLOYMENT

NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENTPROGRAMME:

To create community assets forstrengthening rural infrastructure likedrinking water wells, community works,irrigation wells, rural roads, schools etc.

The Rural Landless EmploymentGuarantee Programme aims atgenerating gainful employment,

creating productive assets in rural areas

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STRATEGIES TO REDUCEUNEMPLOYMENT

SKILL DEVELOPMENT:

a skilled labour is one who has proper

training and education to work in aparticular field.

Training and education increase the

productivity of workers. Educate and provide specialized

training to the labour force

To ensure continuous employment of

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STRATEGIES TO REDUCEUNEMPLOYMENT

With a view to impart skills throughtraining, the government of India has

taken many steps.The Central Board Of Workers Education

(CBWE) formed in1958 is creatingunderstanding and enthusiasm amongworkers.

There are around 4300 IndustrialTraining Institutes(ITI) to produce

specialized workers.

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STRATEGIES TO REDUCEUNEMPLOYMENT

National Rural Employment GuaranteeAct (NREGA) which guarantees 100

days of paid employment to one personfrom every household to work on publicinfrastructure projects. Initially confinedto selected states, NREGA has been

extended throughout rural India,reaching over 34 million households in2010/11