Chapter 11Chapter 11The Islamic WorldThe Islamic World

Section 1 Section 1

The Rise of The Rise of

IslamIslam

Arabia: It’s Geography & PeopleArabia: It’s Geography & People

The Arabian Peninsula is bordered on the south by the Arabian The Arabian Peninsula is bordered on the south by the Arabian Sea, the Syrian Desert in the north, the Persian Gulf in the east Sea, the Syrian Desert in the north, the Persian Gulf in the east and the Red Sea in the westand the Red Sea in the westExcept for the strips along the gulf most of the Arabian Except for the strips along the gulf most of the Arabian Peninsula in desertPeninsula in desert{Because of the climate and geography, most early Arabs were {Because of the climate and geography, most early Arabs were nomadic nomadic herders called bedouinsherders called bedouins}}{The {The bedouinsbedouins were separated into tribes the leaders of these were separated into tribes the leaders of these tribes were called tribes were called SheikhsSheikhs}}Areas along the coast were heavily populated and used as Areas along the coast were heavily populated and used as ports. From there the goods were transported to the city of ports. From there the goods were transported to the city of Mecca Mecca {Mecca was important because {Mecca was important because it was on a trade route to it was on a trade route to SyriaSyria}}

MeccaMecca

The Prophet MuhammadThe Prophet Muhammad

At the age of 40 a man from Mecca named At the age of 40 a man from Mecca named Muhammad said that the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) told Muhammad said that the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) told him that he was to be a prophet of God (Allah)him that he was to be a prophet of God (Allah){Muhammad’s teachings clashed with Arab powers {Muhammad’s teachings clashed with Arab powers because it was because it was monotheisticmonotheistic}}Every year Arab pilgrims came to Mecca to worship at Every year Arab pilgrims came to Mecca to worship at the the {{KaabaKaaba- a stone building filled with idols} - a stone building filled with idols} Rulers feared that Muhammad’s teachings of one god Rulers feared that Muhammad’s teachings of one god might stop the pilgrimages. They began harassing might stop the pilgrimages. They began harassing Muhammad and him followers Muhammad and him followers Eventually Muhammad and his followers looked for a Eventually Muhammad and his followers looked for a more accepting placemore accepting place

KaabaKaaba

Continued…Continued…In A.D. 622 Muhammad and his followers settled in In A.D. 622 Muhammad and his followers settled in the town of Yathrib which later became known as the town of Yathrib which later became known as {{MedinaMedina and became the first base of and became the first base of IslamIslam}}Their journey from Mecca to Yathrib is known as the Their journey from Mecca to Yathrib is known as the hijrahhijrahMuhammad gained followers in great numbers, Muhammad gained followers in great numbers, increasing tensions between Mecca and Medina increasing tensions between Mecca and Medina Several years of war ensued until finally Mecca Several years of war ensued until finally Mecca surrendered surrendered Muhammad went back to Mecca and destroyed the Muhammad went back to Mecca and destroyed the idols in the Kaaba and made it a holy place to the idols in the Kaaba and made it a holy place to the worship of the One God, Allahworship of the One God, AllahIslam spread across Arabia and the Middle East and Islam spread across Arabia and the Middle East and into North Africainto North Africa

Medina todayMedina today

The Faith of IslamThe Faith of Islam

In Arabic the word Islam means “submission to In Arabic the word Islam means “submission to the will of God” Followers of Islam are called the will of God” Followers of Islam are called MuslimsMuslimsThe holy book of Islam is called the Qur’anThe holy book of Islam is called the Qur’anThere are 5 basic acts of worship called the Five There are 5 basic acts of worship called the Five Pillars of Islam all Muslims are required to followPillars of Islam all Muslims are required to followThe Five Pillars of Islam are: the profession of The Five Pillars of Islam are: the profession of faith, the five daily prayers, paying zakat, fasting faith, the five daily prayers, paying zakat, fasting through the holy month of Ramadan, and through the holy month of Ramadan, and making the pilgrimage to Mecca at least oncemaking the pilgrimage to Mecca at least onceIslam also emphasizes the importance of the Islam also emphasizes the importance of the {{Jihad-Jihad- the struggle to defend the faith} the struggle to defend the faith}

Qur'an on display at the Islamic Qur'an on display at the Islamic Arts Museum, Kuala LumpurArts Museum, Kuala Lumpur

Continued…Continued…

Muslims worship in Muslims worship in mosques mosques they have no they have no furnishings only mats or rugs on which to kneel furnishings only mats or rugs on which to kneel and prayand pray

{There is no official clergy in Islam}{There is no official clergy in Islam}

{Men who are trained in the Qur’an and Islamic {Men who are trained in the Qur’an and Islamic law guide the people in worship}law guide the people in worship}

On Friday at noon, Muslims gather together for On Friday at noon, Muslims gather together for congressional prayer and sermonscongressional prayer and sermons

Women say the same prayers at home or in a Women say the same prayers at home or in a section of the mosque that is set aside for themsection of the mosque that is set aside for them

Section ReviewSection Review

Because of the climate and geography, most early Because of the climate and geography, most early Arabs were _______ _______ called bedouinsArabs were _______ _______ called bedouins

The bedouins were separated into tribes what were The bedouins were separated into tribes what were the leaders of these tribes called?the leaders of these tribes called?

Why was Mecca so important?Why was Mecca so important?

Muhammad’s teachings clashed with Arab powers Muhammad’s teachings clashed with Arab powers because it was _________because it was _________

Every year Arab pilgrims came to _____ to worship Every year Arab pilgrims came to _____ to worship at the Kaaba- a stone building filled with idolsat the Kaaba- a stone building filled with idols

What and became the first base of Islam?What and became the first base of Islam?