Chapter 3Chapter 3
Settling NCSettling NC
The TuscaroraThe Tuscarora
The Tuscarora were the Native Americans The Tuscarora were the Native Americans in NC.in NC.
They knew the Indians who rebelled at They knew the Indians who rebelled at Jamestown were massacred. were massacred.
When the English came in 1653, the When the English came in 1653, the current chief was friendly & fierce—The current chief was friendly & fierce—The chief invited the colonists to his hunting chief invited the colonists to his hunting camp but also brought 250 warriors. camp but also brought 250 warriors.
The TuscaroraThe Tuscarora
The Tuscarora & the The Tuscarora & the English lived near English lived near each other both each other both happily and happily and nervously.nervously.
Nathaniel Batts was Nathaniel Batts was the first permanent the first permanent settler in NC & he settler in NC & he built a trading post. built a trading post.
Colonial LifeColonial Life
Some colonists came to the New World in Some colonists came to the New World in order to make a better living.order to make a better living.
Some came to escape the Some came to escape the Protestant Reformation.
Colonial LifeColonial Life
Slaves were brought Slaves were brought to the New World as to the New World as early as 1619. early as 1619.
By the 1700, tens of By the 1700, tens of thousands of slaves thousands of slaves were in the colonies.were in the colonies.
The Middle Passage The Middle Passage was the name for the was the name for the journey from Africa to journey from Africa to the colonies. the colonies.
Colonial LifeColonial LifeWhere?Where? What?What? Who?Who?
Southern Southern ColoniesColonies
VA, NC, SC, VA, NC, SC, GA, MDGA, MD
TobaccoTobacco The EnglishThe English
Middle Middle ColoniesColonies
NY, NJ, DE NY, NJ, DE TradersTraders
Farmers: Farmers: tobacco, tobacco, wheat, cornwheat, corn
The The Dutch/The Dutch/The SwedishSwedish
Northern Northern ColoniesColonies
MA, CT, NH, MA, CT, NH, RI, VTRI, VT
Fishing, Fishing, Church Church DoctrinesDoctrines
PilgrimsPilgrims
Colonial Life Colonial Life
Settlers came from Virginia into NC—Settlers came from Virginia into NC—George & Ann Durant were among those George & Ann Durant were among those who led the way who led the way
Wealthy proprietors from Barbados also Wealthy proprietors from Barbados also settled in the Carolinas & formed Charles settled in the Carolinas & formed Charles TownTown
The Carolina economy largely revolved The Carolina economy largely revolved around tobaccoaround tobacco
Colonial LifeColonial Life
Carolina was a difficult climate for the Carolina was a difficult climate for the colonistscolonists
The forests were dense & neared to be The forests were dense & neared to be clearedcleared
The damp, hot climate contributed to The damp, hot climate contributed to mosquitoes spreading malariamosquitoes spreading malaria
Colonial Life
Colonial men spent their time on jobs such as logging, hunting & seafaringWomen often worked in the men’s businesses such as running inns or acting as lawyersMany women were widows
Colonial Life
The largest religious group in the Carolinas were the Quakers
“Quakerism arises out of a radical interpretation of Christianity that understands Christ as being a living reality in personal experience, not only in the Bible and Church tradition. The basic discovery of the Friends movement is – in the words of George Fox, the movement’s founder – that “Christ is come to teach his people himself.”
Colonial Government
The Carolina Government was set up by the “Lord Proprietors” & a governor who create the Fundamental Constitutions of CarolinaMales with at least 50 acres of land could vote for the lawmakers The Proprietors tried to make the merchants richer Governors only lasted 2-3 years
Colonial Government
Culpeper’s Rebellion in 1677
Colonial Government
Different regions of Carolina were less successful than others
The Outer Banks were known as the “Graveyard of the Atlantic”
Charles Town was much more successful
The Carolinas split in 1712
By 1715, North Carolina had 11,000 settlers
John Lawson
Hired to explore Carolina Traveled for 2 months with 4 Indians Explore Native American culture & the regions plants & animalsSent plant samples back to England
John Lawson
Helped found Bath, NC—NC’s first official town
Wrote A New Voyage to Carolina
Helped encourage more people to come to Carolina
Conflicts in the Carolinas
Cary’s Rebellion—occurred when people tried to push for the development of the Anglican Church & oppressed the QuakersThe Native Americans also became unhappy—many coastal Indians were dying from disease, war & enslavement. Populations of Native Americans dropped from 120,000 to 16,000 between 1570 & 1670
Conflict in the Carolinas
The 4 Groups in the Middle Region of the Carolinas—the Tuscarora, the Catawba, the Yamassee & the Cherokee—traded with the colonists initially
The Europeans wanted animal skins (especially deerskin), baskets & corn
The Native Americans wanted tools, pots, wool, glass beads & guns
Conflicts in the Carolinas
Trade changed Native American life—they focused on being hunters & warriors & used guns
The Native Americans also became dependent on the Europeans
With the dependency, the Native Americans began to resent how they were being treated
The Tuscarora Fight Back
The 1611 settling of New Bern angered the Native Americans
The Tuscarora tried to relocate to Pennsylvania but the Quakers would not let them
Lawson was unaware of the tension & went onto Tuscarora land
Lawson was ambushed & murdered
The Tuscarora War
The 1711 murder of John Lawson led to a war
The Tuscarora armed themselves & killed 100 settlers
Settlers fled & the Tuscarora destroyed the abandoned towns
The Tuscarora War
Charles Town leaders asked the Yamassee & Catawba Indians for help
A war took place for 2 years
The biggest battle was at Fort Neoheroka
The Tuscarora lost & joined their Iroquois cousins in NY
The Tuscarora War
Two years later, the Yamassee & Catawba Indians felt as though they were NOT rewarded for their help
The Cherokee joined them in attacking the colonists but they lost
The Catawba stayed in NC but the Yamassee joined the Seminoles in South Florida
Settling the Piedmont
Many Piedmont settlers came from Pennsylvania
Immigrants used the Great Wagon road to travel
The Road went from Pennsylvania to Augusta, GA
The Road helped people settle in NC’s back country
Settling the Piedmont
Settling the Piedmont
In 1729, King George II bought NC from the Lord Proprietors
One proprietor didn’t want the money—he kept HALF of NC
He renamed the property after himself & it became the Granville District
Settling the Piedmont
Land in the Piedmont was cheap
Piedmont settlers were Yeoman Farmers
They were self-sufficient & lived off what they grew
The hilly landscape prevented trade
Settling the Piedmont
Squire Boone, a Quaker, came from PA & bought 640 acres in what is now Davie County
Daniel Boone & his wife, Rebecca, lived by both Indian & European traditions
Daniel Boone hunted with Indian techniques (tracking & trapping) & wore their style of dress (deerskin & moccasins)
Settling the Piedmont
Rebecca was a healer—She used the local plants to make medicine
Rebecca also kept a garden, made soap& clothes, gathered water & cared for the children
Immigrants in NC
Immigrants in NC
Most were Protestant & escaping the religious feuds in Europe
Many were self-sufficient & also believed in religious & political independence
Each group kept their own culture
The Moravians
Came from Eastern Europe—A country called the Czech Republic
Were Pacifists
Came to NC when Bishop August Spangenberg purchased 98,000 acres in what is now Forsyth County
The Moravians named the land “Wachovia” which meant “meadow valley”
The Moravians
Their towns were Bethania, Bethabara & Salem (which was created in 1766)
Were farmers & traders
The Church controlled everything & allowed only a few non-Moravians to live on their land
The Church used a “lot” system to decide who got married
Slaves in the Carolinas
There were 80,000 slaves in NC by 1755
Many slaves committed suicide
Slaves helped Carolina farmers learn to grow rice
Native Americans taught Slaves how to fish, hunt & make boats
Slaves in the CarolinasAfrican culture began to develop in the colonies
Africans learned English but kept their ethnic names & accent
African made their houses cooler by adjusting their roofs
They cooked with spices
Slaves in the Carolinas
Africans could not run away until they were comfortable with their surroundings
Escaped Africans stayed in the swamps or with the Native Americans
Stono Rebellion
Slaves outnumbered colonists in SC
In 1739, a group of slaves gathered by the Stono River near Charleston
They raided a store for supplies & then burned houses
Over 50 people died
Stono Rebellion
The plantation owners united & surrounded & shot the slaves
The Rebellion led to more laws protecting slaves—For example: a slave owner could no longer beat a slave to death
Laws were also passed to prevent slaves from gaining independence.
The French & Indian War
The Shawnee, Delaware & Huron tribes had to move to the Ohio River Valley because the colonists kept taking their landThey refused to allow the colonists past the Appalachian Mountains The French also did not want the British to expand their territory since it would interfere with their fishing trade routes
The French & Indian War
The French built forts to keep out the British while the Indians planned places to attack
In 1753, the Shawnee crossed into NC & destroyed cabins near the Boone residence
The French & Indian War
Benjamin Franklin suggested the “Albany Plan of Union” where each colony elect representatives to meet & discuss a plan
The colonies refused & focused on themselves
Battle at Fort Duquesne
British General Braddock attacked the French Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh
Daniel Boone, George Washington & an NC governor, Arthur Dobbs all went to fight
The French & Indians were waiting for them & killed half the men, including Braddock, quickly
The French & Indian War
Cherokee chief Attakullakulla convinced the Cherokee to help the British
Several of the chief’s men ate the cows of the settlers while helping the British
Chief Oconostota went to apologize to the British but the settlers captured him
Attakulla got the Cherokees freed but the Cherokee switched sides
The French & Indian War
The British were losing until William Pitt came into office & sent 50,000 men from England
The Cherokee tribes were being destroyed
The War Ends in 1763
The Treaty of Paris ended the war & gave England Florida & all land east of the Mississippi
The Proclamation of 1763 said the colonists could not travel west of the Appalachians & that anyone west of those mountains had to move back East
The Treaty of Augusta said several tribes had to give up some land, but would be left alone on their new territory