Chapter 3. Distillation.ppt

7/29/2019 Chapter 3. Distillation.ppt

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SUMARY


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CHNG CT DU M

Day 3


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1. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh chng ct

S si ca dung dch

S si ca cht nguyn cht: Mt cht lng s si nhit m ti p sut hi bo ho ca n bng psut mi trng ln mt thong

Nhit si ca Butan

p sut, atm Nhit ,oC

1 0

3.41 36

4.80 50

S ph thuc nhit si theo p sut


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nh lut Konovalov:


Thnh phn pha hi sinh ra khi un si mt dung dch

Khi si mt dung dch lng cho ra mt pha higiu cht d si hn so vi dung dch lng

h

A

l

AAAxPxPP ..

0

h

B

l

BBB xPxPP ..0


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Chng ct l qu trnh tch mt dung dch bng cch

un si n, ri ngng t hi bay ra c 2 phn:

Phn nh (distillat)Phn nng (redue)


Nguyn l ca qu trnh chng ct


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Vng nhp liu:Vng ny c thitk sao cho qu trnhphn tch gia 2 phal tt nht tng ngvi s gim p sut

ti thiuVng stripping ythp:

Vng ny c chc nng loi b trit ccthnh phn nh m chng cn tn ti trongphn cn. Dng lng vo vng stripping chyu l phn khng ho hi ca nguyn liu vphn du cn i xung t vng ra.


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Chng ct bay

hi dn dn

2. C s l thuyt chng ct du m

Chng ct n gin

Distilling flask

Connect theheating

mantel to arheostat

Clamp

Heatingmantle

Vacuumadapter

Thermometeradapter

3-Way adapter

Receiver

Condenser

Put ayellow

cliphere

Ringstand

Lab jack

Clamp

Thermometer

Waterout

Waterin

Put ayellowcliphere


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Chng ct bay

hi mt ln


Chng ct n gin


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Chng ct bay

hi nhiu ln


Chng ct n gin


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2. C s l thuyt chng ct du th


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Cu tochngthp

chng ctdng a


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2. C s l thuyt chng ct phc tp

a:Hot ng ca a da trn nguyn tc thchin tip xc gia dng hi i ln pha nh

thp vi dng lng nm trn b mt a.Tu theo s lu thng ca cc pha, ngi taphn lm ba nhm:

-a loi chy ngc dng.-a vch ngn hay a loi chy mng.

-a loi chy cho dng c vch chy

chuyn: c s dng rng ri nht.


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C a chng ct

a nhiu l

a chpa ng khia van

2. C s l thuyt chng ct phc tp


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Cutomta

A L


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Cutomta

A CHP


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Cutomta

A VAN

1. C kh nng hot ng khong rng ch hot ng ca thp.2. Lp cht lng pha trn a n nh, hn ch hin tng ko theo lng ln

a pha trn lm nh hng n hiu qu qu trnh phn tch.3. Nng lng dng hi i qua van c s dng mt cch c hiu qu ci

thin qu trnh tip xc lng-hi.4. Tr lc cc b do cc van gy ra cho dng chy pha lng trn a khng

qu ln (thm ch khng cn ng k khi pha hi ch mc 20% thit k),v vy, m chnh b mt cht lng gia cc phn ca a c gimthiu. Nh c im ny m hiu qu lm vic ca cc vng trong ang u.

5. Vng cht rt t6. Kiu a ny c kt cu vng chc, nh v khng t.7. Thit k v vn hnh loi a ny n gin.


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Cutomta

A VAN


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Cutomta

A VAN


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Cutomta

A VAN T BIT(Ballast v Flexi )


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Mt s kiu phn b dng chy trong thp


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Mt s kiu phn b dng chy trong thp


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Mt s kiu ng chy truyn

Hnh nh mt s dng ng chy truyn v s b tr a


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Thp m

Nguyn l hot ng

Thp m hot ng datrn nguyn l bay hi vngng t lin tc ca cccu t dng lng thm ttrn b mt vt rn


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m

m c phn thnh hai loi tu theo cu toca chng:

-m vrac: c sp xp ngu nhin trongthp

-m cu trc (structure): c sp xp trtt theo thit k.


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m ri


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Thp m

m kim loi l sn xut theo ng knh thp Dng m tm li

Cu to chung v nguyn l hot ng ca lp m


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C hi lu


Hi lu nng

Hi lu lnh

Hi lu vng


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C Stripping


i vi chng ct du th, dng trch

ngang lun c ln sn phm nh. loi b cc cu t nh ny, ngi ta thchin qu trnh ti ho hi ring phn cc

phn nh


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Qu trnh stripping


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Chng ct du th p sut kh quyn

Fraction Carbons BP C Uses

Gases 1 to 4 < 40 Fuel in refinery Bottled and sold asLPG

Napthas 5 to 10 25 175 Blended intopetrols

Feedstock for

making chemicals

Kerosines 10 to 16 150 260 Aviation fuel

Light gas oils 14 to 50 235 360 Diesel fuelproduction

Heavy gas oils 20 to 70 330 380 Feedstock forcatalytic cracker

Lubricants > 60 340 575 Grease forlubrication

Fuel additives Feedstock forcatalytic cracker

Fuel oil > 70 > 490 Fuel oil (powerstations and ships)

Bitumen > 80 >580 Road and roofsurfaces


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S cng ngh phn xng chng ct du th p sut kh quyn vi mt thp chng ct chnh


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Chng ct du th p sut kh quyn

K-1- Thp bay hi trc; K-2- Thp chng ct kh quyn chnh; K-6, K-7, K-9- Thp bay hi; E-1, E-12,E-3- b hi lu; T-5, T-7, T-22, T-23- thit b ngng t bng khng kh; T-2, T-33, T-17, T-19, T-11- thitb trao i nhit du th- sn phm; T-5a, T-7a, T-22a, T-20- Thit b lm lnh; L-1l nung dng

ng; H-3, H-21- My bm..


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Thp K-1 Ngng cho php

Lu lng nguyn liu, m3/h 1.250Nhit , oC

- Du th vo thp 200- Dng hi lu 340

- nh thp theo cht lng ca phn on si u - 85oC

- y thp 240oC

p sut thp (trn), atm 6,0Chi ph hi, m3/h 90

Thp K-2

Nhit , oC

-Nguyn liu vo thp 360

+ Th I ti ca ra khi thp 170+ Th II ti ca ra khi thp 260

+ Th I ti ca vo thp 70

+ Th II ti ca vo thp 80

L nung

Nhit , oC

- Ti ca ra khi l 800- Kh khi trn vch ngn 800

- nh thp theo cht lng ca phn on si u - 85oC

- y thp 240oCp sut thp ( trn), atm 6,0


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4. Chng ct du th p sut chn khng


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S cng ngh qu trnh chng ct chn khng


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S nguyn l hot ng v cu to thp chng ct chn khng


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4. Chng ct du th p sut chn khng

K-10- Thp chn khng; T-35- thp ngng t; T-1, T-3, T-4, T-16, T-18, T-25, T-34- thit b trao i nhit ; T-25a- thit b ngng t bng khng kh; T-24, T-28, T-30, T-31- my

lnh; H-1-bm chn khng phun hi; H- my bm; E- b cha; L-3- l nung dng ng, B- b cha.


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Thng sCh ti

uNgng cho

php

Nhit,oC

- Mazut tica ra l L-3 400 420

- Vch ngn l L-3 700 450

- nh thp K-10 90 100

- y thp 345 350

- Hi qu nhit 420 440

p sutd trong thp K-10, mm Hg 60 50

p suthi vo my phun chn khng, atm 11,0 10,0


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S H thng ht chn khng vi thit b ngng t gin tip


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1-Thp chn khng;2- thit b ngng t;3- bm chn khng;

4- bm phun (ejecter)I- Mazut;II-gasoin nng;III- Gudron; IV- hi lu;V- kh khng ngng t ;VI- hi ;VII-phn ngng t ;VIII- nc

S to chn khng su

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Chapter 3. Distillation.ppt

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