Chapter 3, Section Chapter 3, Section 11

General InformationGeneral Information

Southeast Southeast Asia is Asia is located east located east of the Indian of the Indian subcontinensubcontinent and south t and south of China of China

Volcano activityVolcano activity

In 1991, the Mount Pinatubo volcano In 1991, the Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in the Philippines erupted in the Philippines

About 58,000 people moved to safety, About 58,000 people moved to safety, but about 800 people died. but about 800 people died.

The eruption threw nearly 20 millions The eruption threw nearly 20 millions tons of gas and ash 21 miles into the tons of gas and ash 21 miles into the atmosphere. atmosphere.

The gas cloud spread around Earth. The gas cloud spread around Earth. For two years, this gas cloud caused For two years, this gas cloud caused

global temperatures to drop by about global temperatures to drop by about 1°F (0.5°C). 1°F (0.5°C).

Mount Pinatubo Mount Pinatubo eruptioneruption

Land of Southeast AsiaLand of Southeast Asia

The area is split into mainland and The area is split into mainland and island areasisland areas

The nations of mainland Southeast Asia The nations of mainland Southeast Asia are Cambodia, Laos (lah ohs), Malaysia are Cambodia, Laos (lah ohs), Malaysia (muh lay zhuh), Myanmar (myun mahr), (muh lay zhuh), Myanmar (myun mahr), Thailand (ty land), and Vietnam.Thailand (ty land), and Vietnam.

Five major nations make up island Five major nations make up island Southeast Asia: Singapore, Malaysia, Southeast Asia: Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei (broo ny), Indonesia, and the Brunei (broo ny), Indonesia, and the Philippines.Philippines.

Ring of FireRing of Fire

A region of volcanoes and A region of volcanoes and earthquakes surrounding the earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean. Pacific Ocean.

Most of the mountainous islands Most of the mountainous islands there are actually the peaks of there are actually the peaks of underwater volcanoes. underwater volcanoes.

MonsoonsMonsoons

Two separate summer monsoons. Two separate summer monsoons. – Indian Ocean monsoon blows from the Indian Ocean monsoon blows from the

southwestsouthwest– Pacific Ocean monsoon blows from the Pacific Ocean monsoon blows from the

southeast. southeast.

Each brings heavy summer rain to Each brings heavy summer rain to the Southeast Asian coast that it the Southeast Asian coast that it hits. hits.

MonsoonsMonsoons

MonsoonsMonsoons

This winter monsoon brings heavy This winter monsoon brings heavy rains to the southern Philippines rains to the southern Philippines and Indonesia. and Indonesia.

Because most of Indonesia is in Because most of Indonesia is in the Southern Hemisphere, the the Southern Hemisphere, the heavy rain from December to heavy rain from December to March is a summer monsoon March is a summer monsoon there. there.

Effects of Tropical WetEffects of Tropical Wet

Most islands in Southeast Asia Most islands in Southeast Asia have a tropical wet climate have a tropical wet climate

That supports tropical rain That supports tropical rain forests. forests.

Southeast Asia contains the Southeast Asia contains the second-largest tropical rain forest second-largest tropical rain forest region in the world. region in the world.

Land and ResourcesLand and Resources

Many of the people in Southeast Many of the people in Southeast Asia make their living from the land. Asia make their living from the land.

Farming that provides only enough Farming that provides only enough for a family or for a village is called for a family or for a village is called subsistence farming. subsistence farming.

Many use the same building and Many use the same building and farming methods that their farming methods that their ancestors relied upon thousands of ancestors relied upon thousands of years ago. years ago.

Land and ResourcesLand and Resources

Other people in Southeast Asia Other people in Southeast Asia work on plantationswork on plantations– large farming operations designed to large farming operations designed to

raise crops for profit, or cash crops.raise crops for profit, or cash crops. Plantation agriculture is a type of Plantation agriculture is a type of

commercial farming. commercial farming. Commercial farming is the raising Commercial farming is the raising

of crops and livestock for sale on of crops and livestock for sale on the local or world market. the local or world market.

FarmingFarming

A major economic activity in Southeast A major economic activity in Southeast Asia Asia

People farm—and live—in the river People farm—and live—in the river valleys of mountainous mainland valleys of mountainous mainland Southeast Asia and on the lowland plains Southeast Asia and on the lowland plains of island Southeast Asia. of island Southeast Asia.

Crops include cash crops such as coffee, Crops include cash crops such as coffee, tea, and rubber. tea, and rubber.

In Indonesia and Malaysia, rubber is In Indonesia and Malaysia, rubber is grown on plantations and is a major grown on plantations and is a major export crop. export crop.

RiceRice

Rice needs a hot climate and Rice needs a hot climate and plenty of water to grow. plenty of water to grow.

Rice grows best when it is planted Rice grows best when it is planted in the water. in the water.

In Southeast Asia, farmers use In Southeast Asia, farmers use the paddy system to grow rice. the paddy system to grow rice. – A paddy is a level field that is A paddy is a level field that is

flooded to grow rice. flooded to grow rice. It is a food crop as well as a cash It is a food crop as well as a cash

crop. crop.

RiceRice

Rainforest ResourcesRainforest Resources

Southeast Asia’s tropical rain forests Southeast Asia’s tropical rain forests cover large areas in the region. cover large areas in the region.

In Southeast Asia, rain forests are a In Southeast Asia, rain forests are a source of lumber, medicines, and source of lumber, medicines, and chemicals used in industry. chemicals used in industry.

Tropical rain forests once covered nearly Tropical rain forests once covered nearly all of Southeast Asia. Over the years, all of Southeast Asia. Over the years, huge sections have been cut down to huge sections have been cut down to provide lumber and to create farmland. provide lumber and to create farmland.

BambooBamboo

Bamboo is a type of fast-growing Bamboo is a type of fast-growing grass that produces a woody grass that produces a woody stem. stem.

Giant bamboo can grow to about Giant bamboo can grow to about 100 feet (30 meters) tall. 100 feet (30 meters) tall.

It is also used to make irrigation It is also used to make irrigation pipes, ropes, and bridges. pipes, ropes, and bridges.

The Philippines is one of the The Philippines is one of the world’s largest suppliers of world’s largest suppliers of bamboo to the world market. bamboo to the world market.

BambooBamboo