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Chapter 4 Sections 1 and 2
Causes of the American Revolution and the Beginning of the American
Revolution
Objectives• List examples of colonial resistance to taxation.• Explain the battle of Lexington and Concord.• Explain efforts made to avoid bloodshed as the
colonies hovered between war and peace.• Analyze the philosophical and political ideas of the
Declaration of Independence.• Contrast the attitudes of Patriots and Loyalists.
Why did the colonists protest Britain’s taxes?• 1765- Stamp Act (colonists
had to buy and place stamps on items like wills, playing cards) Directly taxed the people.
• Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams led boycotts. (No taxation without representation)
• Patrick Henry(Virginian)- “Give me Liberty or give me Death.”
What were the Townshend Acts?
• Passed in 1767.• Placed taxes on glass,
paint, lead, and tea• Protest by colonists
led to British troops being stationed in America.
What was the Boston Massacre (1770)?
• Group of Boston protesters threw snow balls at British soldiers.
• The British soldiers fired and killed 5 colonists including African American Crispus Attucks.
What were the committees of correspondence?
• Allowed colonies to communicate with one another.
• Helped unite colonies.
What was the Boston Tea Party (1773)?• Colonists were angry
at another tea tax passed with the Tea Act.
• Sons of Liberty dressed as American Indians dumped thousands of pounds of tea in Boston Harbor.
What were the Intolerable and Coercive Acts (1774)?
• Boston Tea Party angered King George III.
• Parliament passed these acts that put Boston under martial law and closed Boston Harbor.
What happened at Lexington and Concord (1775)?• 1st Battle of the American
Revolution• Minutemen- colonial civilian
soldiers• British seize weapons at
Concord• Paul Revere warned the
British were coming.• Lexington lasted 15 minutes. • Concord many British
soldiers were killed.
What was the Second Continental Congress (1775)?• Urged independence
from Great Britain• Created Continental
Army under the leadership of George Washington.
• Approved the Olive Branch and then the Declaration of Independence.
What was the Battle of Bunker Hill (1775)?• More than 1,000
British soldiers killed.• Colonists lost 311
men.• Deadliest battle of the
war.• “Don’t fire until you
see the whites of their eyes”
What was the Olive Branch Petition (1775)?• Continental Congress
sent a peace offering to King George III.
• Return to harmony prior to the war.
• Rejected by King George III.
• Ordered Parliament to blockade America.
What was the importance of Common Sense (1776)?
• Written by Thomas Paine in January 1776.
• Independence would lead to a better American society.
• Colonies had outgrown relationship with Britain.
What are the main ideas of Declaration of Independence?• Written July 4 1776 by
Thomas Jefferson.• Used Enlightenment
theories of natural rights from John Locke.
• Social contract of government
• Right to Revolution • Consent of the governed• “All men are created
equal”
Who were the Patriots?
• Those colonists who supported independence from England.
• Only 1/3 of colonists were Patriots.
• Farmers, landowners, artisans, merchants, Quakers, some African Americans.
Who were the Loyalists?
• Supported the British and were loyal to the King.
• Also called Tories.• Felt the King could protect
their rights better than the colonial government.
• 1/3 of colonists were Loyalists.
• Most American Indians and some African Americans supported the British.
Objectives• List examples of colonial resistance to taxation.• Explain the battle of Lexington and Concord.• Explain efforts made to avoid bloodshed as the
colonies hovered between war and peace.• Analyze the philosophical and political ideas of the
Declaration of Independence.• Contrast the attitudes of Patriots and Loyalists.