INDUSTRIALIZATIONChapter 9 Sections 1-3

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in Enlgand in the middle 1700s.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN BRITAIN

Wealthy people buy up land then come up with new ways to farm Enclosures- larger fields with fences or hedges Scientific Farmers- new planting methods boost production Crop Rotation and new breeding methods People tenant farmers or move to cities More food=more people= more demand for goods

Why England? Industrialization- the process of developing machine

production of goods. = need for resources Britain has resources, good economy, highly developed

banking system, political stability, and all of the factors of production. (land, labor, capital, and wealth)

INVENTIONS SPUR INDUSTRIALIZATION John Kay’s Flying Shuttle- doubles work

of weaver James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny- Spins

8 threads at a time Richard Arkwright- Water Frame water

powered spinning wheels Samuel Crompton- Spinning Mule Edmund Cartwright- power loom Eli Whitney- The Cotton Gin

SPINNING JENNY

IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION Watt’s Steam Engine

Watt mathematical instrument maker teams up with Matthew Boulton and entrepreneur in 1774

Found ways to make steam engines faster, more efficient, and burn less fuel

Water Transportation Steam powered boats= transport faster

Road Transportation John McAdam- New roads with large rock on bottom

and small rock on top Turnpikes.

THE RAILWAY AGE BEGINS

Steam Driven Locomotives Worlds first RR line- Stephenson 1821 27 miles from Yorkshire to Liverpool

The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad Held competition to see what locomotive they would use 13 ton load at 24 MPH

Railroads revolutionize life in Britain 1. Cheap transporation= industrial growth 2. new jobs 3. boosts ag and fishing industries 4. Travel

“THE ROCKET”

THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

Section 2

INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGES LIVE

People move to cities for jobs Urban centers double to quadruple Urbanization- city building and the movement of people to

cities Living Conditions

Since cities expanded rapidly there were no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes. Lacked housing, education, and police protection

No drains, garbage heaps, Dark dirty shelters, 1 room per family, disease spread rapidly

Life span- 17 years city, 38 in rural areas Working Conditions

14 hour days 6 days a week. Dark, dirty, machines dangerous, no safety net Women and children work as much but paid less

CLASS TENSIONS GROW

Middle Class Skilled workers, professionals, business people,

and wealthy farmers Most of new wealth went to these people Eventually division between upper middle and

lower middle class Working Class

Laborers Destroy machines that take their jobs Riots because of poor living and working

conditions

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Created jobs Fostered technological progress and invention Increased production of goods and standard

of living Healthier diets Cheaper goods Expanded educational opportunities for

clerical workers and engineers. Economic success of the country

http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition

INDUSTRIALIZATION SPREADSChapter 9 Section 3

CONTINENTAL EUROPE INDUSTRIALIZES Napoleonic Wars slow things down for

the rest of Europe but Industrialism eventually spreads there

Belgium Led Europe in adopting new technology Rich in iron, coal, and waterways Helped by British skilled workers William Cockerill smuggles plans to Europe

there and builds and enormous enterprise

CONTINENTAL EUROPE INDUSTRIALIZES Germany

Germany divided so pockets of industrialization appear Import British equipment and engineers Railroads help Germany become an industrial power- helps them

become a military power as well Expansion Elsewhere

Other places had specific things they produced Ex. Bohemia= spinning industry, Spain(Catalonia)= cotton,

Northern Italy= spinning silk France-More measured and controlled, kept a strong agricultural

sector = avoided many social and economic problems of industrialization

Spain and Austria have hard time industrializing because of geographical obstacles

THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

Rise of Global inequality Widened the wealth gap between people

and nations Needed raw materials and markets= poor

countries Imperialism

Transformation of society Revolutionizes every aspect of society from

daily life to life expectancy.