Chemistry of Go: Innovations in Alternative Fuels · PDF file4/6/2016 1 We will begin...

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Thursday, April 21, 2016

Tackling Toxics: The Chemical Class Approach

towards Healthier Products and Materials

Arlene Blum, Executive Director, Green Science Policy Institute

Graham Peaslee, Professor of Chemistry, Hope College


Creating a Stand Out Professional Development Plan

Dorie Clark, Author and Marketing Strategy Consultant, Clark Strategic

Communications, Inc.

John Mihalick, Strategic Accounts Manager, ACS Professional Advancement

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2016 Material Science Series http://bit.ly/2016MaterialScienceSeries

The 2016 Material Science Series is co-produced with ACS Industry Member Programs and C&EN

Ever since the Model-T first rolled off the production line in 1908, the world

of transportation has never been the same. Join us as we examine the

science behind innovations that will drive the world for the next 100 years.

* If you are attending today, you are already signed for all

the webinars in the “Chemistry of Go” mini-series so just

save the dates of May 5th and June 2nd for the upcoming

webinars.

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www.acs.org/acswebinars www.acs.org/acswebinars Slides available now! Recordings will be available to ACS members after one week

2016 Material Science Series “Chemistry of Go: Innovations in Alternative Fuels”


Mark Jones Executive External Strategy and

Communications Fellow,

Dow Chemical

Jennifer Holmgren Chief Executive Officer,

LanzaTech

2015 LanzaTech. All rights reserved.

“The Chemistry of Go:

Innovations in Alternative Fuels”

Jennifer Holmgren, CEO, LanzaTech 2015 LanzaTech. All rights reserved.

12

4/6/2016

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Easter Parade New York City 1900

13

Easter Parade New York City 1913

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What do we need to “Go”?

Movement requires energy.

Fuels carry energy.

What makes a good fuel?

Energy-dense

Inexpensive

Easy to handle

15

16

Audience Survey Question

What percentage of cars in 1900 were electric?

ANSWER THE QUESTION ON BLUE SCREEN IN ONE MOMENT

• Less than a quarter

• About a quarter

• Between a quarter and a half

• More than half

• About three-fourths

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What percentage of cars in 1900 were electric?


• Less than a quarter

• About a quarter

• Between a quarter and a half (37%)

• More than half

• About three-fourths

Evolution of Go…Steam, Electricity and Coal

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And then came Petroleum…

• Reliable

• Practical

• Cheap

• Efficient

• Easier to Control

• Less likely to explode

19

Refinery Output

20

Refinery Products

Refinery

Gasoline/Cars

Jet Fuel/Airplanes

Lube Oils

Diesel Trucks/ Construction Equipment

Crude Oil Asphalt Bunker Fuel (Ships)

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Refinery Overview

• Crude oil is a complex mixture of various lengths and shapes of carbon and hydrogen molecules, with different chemical properties. In addition, crude oil contains significant levels of heteroatoms such as S, N which must be removed before burning fuels.

• A typical US refinery processes 100,000 – 250,000 barrels

(~ 4 – 10 million gallons) of crude oil per day.

• Processing unit operations vary by refinery and depend on crude oil used

as input as well as desired product slate.

21

Crude Oil

• Crude oil varies in both density and sulfur content depending on its origin around the world.

• This results in differences in cost for purchasing the oil and required technology to refine it into products.

Class – Cyclo-paraffin Name – Cyclohexane

C H H

C

C

C C

C

H H H H

H

H H

H

H H

Class – Paraffin Name – Butane

H – C – C – C – C – H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

Class – Aromatic Name – Octane

Class – Aromatic Name – Benzene

C

C

C C

C C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C – H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

22

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Chemical Conversion: Adding Value

• Cracking – Converts heavy gas oils and residual to higher value gasoline and

diesel components – Cracking can be thermal (Coker) or catalytic (Fluidized Catalytic

Cracker)

• Alkylation ─ Converts shorter-chain molecules to longer-chain molecules ─ Typically C3/C4 molecules upgraded to gasoline components

• Upgrading ─ Improvement of low-octane fuels to high-octane fuels (Reformer) ─ Dehydrogenation reactions, converting linear hydrocarbons to

branched and cyclic hydrocarbons

23

24

Boiling Point Separation

• Smaller hydrocarbons are gaseous with low boiling points

• Longer chains are liquids, then waxes and finally solids

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Generic Refining Flowscheme

25

Milestones Bao Steel China

Shougang China

WBT Taiwan

Sekisui Japan

Agreements executed 1Q2011

3Q2011

1Q2013

4Q2103

JV registered

4Q2011 4Q2011 4Q2012

BEP

2Q2011 1Q2012 2Q2013 1Q2014

Mechanical completion 1Q2012 4Q2012 4Q2013 4Q2014

Start Up 1Q2012 4Q2012 1Q2014 1Q2015

Fixes

3Q2012 1Q2014 1Q2015

10 day run Run 10 4Q2012 Run 3 1Q2013

Run 1 2Q2014

Integrated operation 4Q2015

Crude Distillation

Vacuum Distillation

Alkylation

Catalytic Reforming

Hydrocracking

Naphtha

Hydrotreating

Isomerization

Mid-Distillate Hydrotreating

Crude

Asphalt

Coking

Gasoline, Aromatics

Jet Diesel

Gasoline

Gasoline Cycle Oil to Hydrotreating or Hydrocracking

Petroleum Coke

FCC

LPG

LPG

Hydrogen

Gasoline

Jet, Diesel

26


How are the hydrocarbons produced at the top of the column, different from those produced lower down?


• They have longer chains and lower boiling points

• They have shorter chains and lower boiling points

• They have longer chains and higher boiling points

• They have shorter chains and higher boiling points

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How are the hydrocarbons produced at the top of the column, different from those produced lower down?


• They have longer chains and lower boiling points

• They have shorter chains and lower boiling points

• They have longer chains and higher boiling points

• They have shorter chains and higher boiling points

* The longer the chain the higher the boiling temperature.

Evolution of “Go”

Cars have been tied to gasoline for most of their history, but fuel tech keeps evolving…

Vehicles have changed a lot. Their fuel? Not so much

Now more than ever, we need to look at alternative solutions and technologies to make us “GO”

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The Status Quo is not an Option

14% of Global CO2 Emissions come from transportation fuels

29

A Carbon Smart World

65% of 2°carbon budget: USED

1870-2011: 1900 GtCO2

Remaining: 1000 GtCO2

Must stay in the ground

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Advanced Biofuels Taking Off St. Louis Post Dispatch October 17, 2014

Biofuels Digest October 16, 2014

POET-DSM September 3, 2014

Biofuels Digest October 6, 2014

National Geographic October 17, 2014

Ease

of

fun

din

g

Evolution

Applied R&D

Engineering Development

Pilot and Demonstration

Discovery

Diffusion

Adapt and adopt from others

Continuous improvement at scale

Getting a New Process to Scale

First Commercial

32

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RTP™ History

33

1984: Foundation

1989-1998 Commercialization & Scale-up US - $20+M

sale for Chemicals

1998-2005 Petroleum Business

Development & sale for US$100 MM

2006-Present Renewable Liquid Fuels:

Key alliances & Project execution

* Since 1996, Ensyn has returned to shareholders 2x the amount it has raised in equity funding

Agri-Energy Commissioning timeline

First commercial scale renewable isobutanol plant in the

world

Purchased in 2010 & 100% owned by Gevo

World-scale chemicals plant

Statistics

Date Event

September

2010 Purchased Luverne plant

May-Sep.

2012 Encountered unexpected levels of contamination

Sep.-May

2013

Revamped plant and procedures to address

contamination issues

May – Sep.

2013

Tested new systems and procedures

Made minor system and hardware upgrades

Oct.– April

2014

Encountered operability issues related to water

recycling and solids handling

May 2014 –

Present

Running in side-by-side mode to better handle water

and solids. Improves operability of plant, and

simplifies IBA production. WORKS WELL

Feedstock Carbohydrates-based Petroleum-based

Expected Production

100 MM lbs per year of Isobutanol/Ethanol 100 MM lbs per of year of animal feed

50-175 MM lbs per year(1)

Typical Specialty Chemical Plant Luverne Facility

(1) Derived from a sample of 10 operating specialty chemical plants producing chemicals such as Methyl Amines, Dimethyl Formamide, EPVC, Phenol Acetone, Formaldehyde, Polyamides and Methanol

Source: International Process Plants, EIA

Commercial Isobutanol/Ethanol Plant in Luverne, MN

© 2014 Gevo, Inc. | 34 34

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+

H3C CH3

+

CH3 CH3

CH3 H3C CH3

H3C

CH3

H3C

CH3 CH3

H2 Catalyst

H2

CO2

H2O +

+ H3C CH3

H3C CH3

CH2 +

H2O

CO2 H3C

H3C H3C CH3

CH3 H3C

Catalyst Straight Chain Paraffins

Synthetic Paraffinic

Kerosene

CH3 HO

O

HC

O

O

O

O

O

O

CH3

CH3

CH3

Free Fatty Acid

MW=200-300

Triglyceride

MW=700-900

Natural oils contain oxygen, have high molecular weight.

First reaction removes oxygen – product is diesel range waxy

paraffins

Second reaction “cracks” diesel paraffins to smaller, highly

branched molecules

Feedstock flexible,

but with consistent product properties

Hydro-Processed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) and Green Diesel

Source: Dr. James Kinder, Boeing 35

Copyright © 2014 Boeing. All rights reserved. Filename

Global green diesel & HEFA production

36

Neste Oil

240 M Gallons

Singapore

Diamond

Green Diesel

137 M Gallons

LA

REG

75 M Gallons

LA

Eni

100 M Gallons

Italy

Supply available to address significant aviation markets

AltAir

30 M Gallons

CA (Est. 2015)

Sinopec

6 M Gallons

China

Neste Oil

114 M Gallons

Finland

Neste Oil

240 M Gallons

Netherlands

Petrixo

310 M Gallons

Fujairah, U.A.E.

(Est. TBD)

SG Preston

120 M Gallons

OH

(Est. 2017)

UPM

38 M Gallons

Finland

Petrobras

69 M Gallons

Brazil

BP

29 M Gallons

Brisbane, Aus.

Preem

126 M Gallons

Finland

Blue Sun

2 M Gallons

USA

Phillips

13 M Gallons

USA

Source: Dr. James Kinder, Boeing

4/6/2016

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The Boeing Company

OEM Internal Review

ASTM Fuel Approval Process- ASTM D4054

In depth, multiparty review

Fuel Specification

Properties

Fit-for-Purpose

Properties

Component or Rig

Tests

Engine Endurance

Test

FAA

Review

Reject or

Additional

Data as

Required

Reject or

Additional

Data as

Required

ASTM

Specification

Research

Report

OEM Approval

Incorporate into Fuel Specification with

FAA Consensus

Test Program OEM Internal Review Specification Change

ASTM

Review

& Ballot

Source: Dr. James Kinder, Boeing BOEING PROPRIETARY 37

Certification

“Less than a decade ago, the prospect of flying commercial aircraft on sustainable

aviation fuels (SAF) seemed unrealistic due to the associated technical and safety

challenges, the developments have been impressive!” IATA Roadmap

Great Progress on Certification for Flight

Type ASTM approval When

Fischer Tropsch (FT) (or BtL) Max 50% blend 2009

Hydrotreated Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) Max 50% blend 2011

Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic (SIP) Max 10% blend 2014

Butanol to Jet Fuel (ATJ) Max 30% blend 2016

Pipeline: Green Diesel, Ethanol to Jet (EtJ), pyrolysis and catalytic cracking (Hydroprocessed Depolymerized Cellulosic Jet), catalytic hydrothermolysis and catalytic conversion of sugars.

38

http://www.honeywell.com/

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ashburninlinehockey.com/images/Airbus logo - swirl to side 2005.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ashburninlinehockey.com/Sponsors.htm&usg=__9p8yyWpUPtPP9yNTLvRCQZ4b_58=&h=295&w=1890&sz=69&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=f6oXCWEGCscCYM:&tbnh=23&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=airbus+logo&hl=en&sa=X&um=1

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Gas Feed Stream

Gas Reception Compression Fermentation Recovery Product Tank

Carbon Recycling: The LanzaTech Process

Gas fermentation

technology converts C-

rich gases to fuels and

chemicals

Proprietary

Microbe

Performance milestones achieved and exceeded for >1000 hours

39

ArcelorMittal, Gent Ground Works Started

October 2015

Gas Testing Station Produces Ethanol

January 2016

Connection to Steel Mill Gas Lines March 2016

40

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41

Embrace the Circular Economy: Recycle Everything

Recycle Make

CCU

“CC

S”

All Solutions Must Succeed… Even Those We Don’t Yet Know.

42

4/6/2016

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43






Dow Chemical


LanzaTech

44

2016 Material Science Series http://bit.ly/2016MaterialScienceSeries


Ever since the Model-T first rolled off the production line in 1908, the world

of transportation has never been the same. Join us as we examine the

science behind the innovations that will drive the world for the next 100

years.

* If you are attending today, you are already signed for all

the webinars in the “Chemistry of Go” mini-series so just

save the dates of May 5th and June 2nd for the upcoming

webinars.

4/6/2016

23


45

®












46






Dow Chemical


LanzaTech

4/6/2016

24

Be a featured fan on an upcoming webinar! Write to us @ [email protected]

47

How has ACS Webinars benefited you?

®

“A perfect webinar! Dee Strand was fantastic. The

Chemistry of Hello: Lithium Ion Batteries was of

the clearest and most educational per unit time

technical presentations that I have heard in my

more than 25 years as a professional scientist.”

Walter Cicha, Ph.D.,

Industrial Technology Advisor,

Industrial Research Assistance Program,

National Research Council of Canada

48


@acswebinars

youtube.com/acswebinars

Search for “acswebinars” and connect!

4/6/2016

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Benefits of ACS Membership

49 http://bit.ly/ACSjoin

Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) The preeminent weekly news source.

NEW! Free Access to ACS Presentations on Demand® ACS Member only access to over 1,000 presentation recordings from recent ACS meetings and select events.

NEW! ACS Career Navigator Your source for leadership development, professional education, career services, and much more.

50

ACS Webinars does not endorse any products or

services. The views expressed in this

presentation are those of the presenter and do

not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the

American Chemical Society.

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