City of Cambridge GHG Reduction Energy Management Plan ...

June 2014

June 2014

June 2014 i

© 2014, The Corporation of the City of Cambridge. All Rights Reserved.

The preparation of this plan was carried out with assistance from the Green Municipal Fund, a

Fund financed by the Government of Canada and administered by the Federation of

Canadian Municipalities. Notwithstanding this support, the views expressed are the personal

views of the authors, and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and the Government of

Canada accept no responsibility for them.

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Table of Contents List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ iv

1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3

3.0 Background & Context .............................................................................................................. 4

3.1 Vision ..................................................................................................................................... 4

3.2 Partners for Climate Protection Program ............................................................................. 4

3.3 Green Energy Act .................................................................................................................. 6

3.4 Context .................................................................................................................................. 6

3.4.1 City of Cambridge: A High-Level Overview .................................................................... 6

3.4.2 GHG Reduction Team .....................................................................................................7

3.4.3 Corporate Sustainability Plan ..........................................................................................7

3.4.4 Integrating Corporate and Community Climate Action Plans ....................................... 8

3.4.5 Facility Energy & Water Assessments ............................................................................ 9

3.5 A Guide to Decision-Making ................................................................................................10

4.0 Current State ............................................................................................................................ 11

4.1 Corporate Operations Profile ............................................................................................... 11

4.2 Highlights of Completed & Current (Ongoing) Energy Conservation and GHG Reduction

Initiatives ................................................................................................................................... 11

4.3 Summary of Renewable Energy Initiatives .......................................................................... 12

4.4 Corporate Energy & GHG Emissions Summary .................................................................. 12

4.5 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 13

5.0 Potential Future State .............................................................................................................. 14

5.1 GHG Emissions Forecast ...................................................................................................... 14

5.2 Proposed Reduction Target for the City of Cambridge ........................................................ 15

6.0 Corporate GHG Reduction (Energy Management) Plan ......................................................... 16

6.1 Summary of Proposed Measures to Achieve Reduction Target ........................................... 18

6.1.1 Buildings ........................................................................................................................ 22

6.1.2 Street Lighting .............................................................................................................. 25

6.1.3 Sewage Collection and Pumping ................................................................................... 26

6.1.4 Corporate Waste ........................................................................................................... 27

6.1.5 Fleet ............................................................................................................................... 28

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6.1.6 Other ............................................................................................................................. 29

7.0 Monitoring & Measurement .................................................................................................... 31

Appendix A: Milestones 1, 2 and 3 Achievement Letters ............................................................. 32

Appendix B: Master List of Energy and Water Conservation Measures for City Owned and

Operated Facilities ........................................................................................................................ 34

Appendix C: Completing and Ongoing Initiatives to Support Corporate-Wide Energy and GHG

Reduction Goals ............................................................................................................................ 46

References ..................................................................................................................................... 49

Version Tracking

Date Purpose/Use of Report Primary Change/Edit November 2013

Submitted to FCM for Recognition of PCP Milestones 2 and 3 and uploaded to City’s website in accordance with GEA requirements.

n/a

June 2014 Re-submitted to FCM as updated report and re-uploaded to City’s website in accordance with GEA requirements.

Updated to add results of detailed energy audits completed for City’s buildings.

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List of Acronyms

The following is a list of acronyms used in this document.

BAS Building Automation System (pertains to building systems)

BAU Business As Usual

CDM Conservation and Demand Management

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

CO2e

Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e is the sum of the individual GHGs weighted to represent the atmospheric effects of carbon dioxide. Calculated by multiplying the mass of a Greenhouse Gas pollutant by its Global Warming Potential on a 100-year time horizon.)

CSP Corporate Sustainability Plan

DHW Domestic Hot Water

ECM Energy Conservation Measure

FCM Federation of Canadian Municipalities

FCV Fuel Cell Vehicle

GEA Green Energy Act

GHG Greenhouse Gas

HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (pertains to building systems)

ICI Industrial, Commercial and Institutional

ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, now known as ICLEI- Local Governments for Sustainability

IEAP International Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol

IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America

kWh Kilowatt hour

LAP Local Action Plan

LED Light Emitting Diode (refers to a type of lighting fixture)

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

MoE Ministry of Energy

MUA Makeup Air Unit

NRCAN Natural Resources Canada

PCP Partners for Climate Protection

RCI Regional Climate Initiative

VFD Variable Frequency Drive (pertains to building systems)

WCM Water Conservation Measure

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1.0 Executive Summary This Corporate Greenhouse Gas and Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan

(Plan) for the City of Cambridge has been developed to meet the reporting requirements for O.

Reg. 397/11 (the Ontario Green Energy Act (GEA)) and the voluntary Partners for Climate

Protection (PCP) Program in which the City is actively participating. The initial version of this

report was completed in November 2013 and has been augmented in the Spring of 2014 to

include information from the recently completed detailed energy audits of the City’s facilities.

This plan outlines the City’s GHG reduction target, as well as energy conservation goals and

objectives, including proposed conservation measures, estimated costs and benefits, and

renewable energy installations.

The initial version of this Plan was submitted to the Federation of Canadian Municipalities

(FCM) in November 2013 for recognition of completion of Milestones 2 and 3 of the Partners

for Climate Protection (PCP) Program. The PCP Program is a joint voluntary program between

ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) and the FCM which has been designed to

empower and support municipalities in their efforts to reduce GHG emissions and take action

against climate change.

As part of fulfilling the requirements for the PCP Program, the City conducted an analysis of

its baseline GHG emissions of corporate operations for 2009 (PCP baseline year); in 2009 the

City’s operations contributed a total of 7,398 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (t CO2e).

Similarly, in accordance with the Ontario Green Energy Act, the City has analyzed the energy

consumption at City-owned facilities during the last year for which complete information is

available, which is 2012 (GEA baseline year). In 2012, City-owned facilities, including sewage

pumping facilities, consumed approximately 13,279,226 kWh of electricity and 1,241,656 m3 of

natural gas, resulting in 3,808 t CO2e of GHG emissions.

The City has since identified several measures it can implement to reduce both energy and

GHG emissions across corporate operations which include buildings, street lighting, sewage

collection and pumping, municipal fleets, and corporate waste. The measures the City plans to

implement are detailed in this Plan and include an array of building retrofits and streetlight

conversions, the introduction of corporate waste management strategies to improve landfill

diversion rates, the exploration and introduction of alternative fuels/vehicles into the

corporate fleet and improving the City’s tree canopy. The City has evaluated and prioritized

each GHG reduction and energy conservation measure detailed in this Plan. Also, where

possible, the anticipated energy and GHG reductions for each are highlighted.

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Based on the proposed GHG reduction and energy conservation measures detailed in this Plan,

the City aims to reduce its GHG emissions from corporate operations by at least 6% below the

PCP baseline (2009) levels over the next 10 years. This emissions reduction target translates

into a 1,443 t CO2e (or 17% reduction) below the projected 2019 GHG emissions level, which is

the equivalent of taking 304 cars off the road each year.

1,443 t CO2e is equivalent to taking

304 cars off the road every year.

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2.0 Introduction As part of the City’s sustainability efforts, the City of Cambridge (the City) has voluntarily

committed to the Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) Program, joining a network of hundreds

of Canadian municipalities that have committed to reducing GHG emissions and mitigating

climate change. The City has also been proactive in meeting its obligations under O. Reg. 397/11

(the Ontario Green Energy Act (GEA)). In June 2013, the City completed the first requirement

under the GEA, reporting its 2011 energy usage and GHG emissions at City-owned facilities.

This Corporate Greenhouse Gas and Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan

(henceforth referred to as “Plan”) is intended to fulfill the reporting requirements for the Green

Energy Act as well as Milestones 2 and 3 of the PCP program.

This document outlines the development of the City’s Plan and details the City’s proposed

measures to reduce energy and GHG emissions across corporate1 operations, including:

Buildings;

Street lighting;

Sewage collection and pumping;

Municipal fleets; and

Corporate waste.

The City is committed to following the direction of this Plan, and will take the necessary steps to

ensure its implementation and success.

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3.0 Background & Context The following sections provide an overview of the City’s overarching vision, the Partners for

Climate Protection Program, the Green Energy Act, they City’s general context, and guidance for

decision making.

3.1 Vision

The City celebrates the uniqueness of its founding communities and is united by its heritage,

rivers, cultures and common future. Cambridge residents and visitors enjoy the natural

environment, safe, clean, caring, sustainable and accessible neighbourhoods, with a wide variety

of lifestyle and housing options and ample cultural and recreational opportunities. Cambridge,

as a community of opportunity, encourages business growth and transition, entrepreneurial

spirit, strong leadership, efficient government and the provision of municipal services, personal

growth and civic pride.

The City is regarded for balanced decision-making on the basis of cultural, economic,

environmental and social considerations. With respect to climate change, the City has

committed, throughout its operations, to consistently employ and demonstrate best practices in

energy efficiency and climate change mitigation strategies in the most fiscally responsible way

possible to enhance the quality of life for the community and protect its rich heritage for current

and future generations.

The City demonstrates leadership by improving energy efficiency and reducing GHG emissions

across all key operations including buildings, streetlighting, sewage collection and pumping,

waste management, fleet management and maintenance. The City continues to monitor and

report on energy and GHG emissions reduction measures in accordance with the Green Energy

Act and PCP program.

3.2 Partners for Climate Protection Program

The City joined the PCP program in 2012. The PCP is a joint, voluntary program between

ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) and the FCM, and is designed to

empower and support municipalities with their efforts to reduce GHG emissions and take

action against climate change.

The PCP uses a five-milestone framework to guide municipalities in their efforts to reduce GHG

emissions. An overview of the PCP milestone framework is presented in Figure 1 and listed

below:

Milestone 1: Create a GHG emissions inventory and forecast

Milestone 2: Set GHG emission reduction targets

Milestone 3: Develop a Local Action Plan

Milestone 4: Implement the Local Action Plan

Milestone 5: Monitor progress and report results.

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Figure 1 PCP Program’s Five Milestone Framework

The City of Cambridge completed Milestone 1 in 2013 for its Corporate GHG Inventory and

Forecast, and received official recognition of its completion on January 28, 2013 from the PCP

Secretariat (refer to Appendix A for more information).

The initial version of this Plan, dated November 2013, was submitted for official recognition of

the completion of Milestones 2 and 3, setting a GHG emission reduction target (presented in

Section 5.2) and the development of a Local Action Plan (LAP). The City received recognition

of its completion of Milestones 2 and 3 on January 7, 2014 (letter provided in Appendix A).

This Plan includes a series of progressive and attainable actions to help reduce energy and GHG

emissions across corporate operations to improve the environmental performance of the City

over the ten-year planning horizon. This Plan has been augmented to include the results of

recently completed detailed energy audits of the City’s facilities.

Milestones 4 and 5 call for municipalities to implement the LAP and continue to monitor

progress and report on results. The City intends to implement the details set forth in this GHG

Reduction Plan and monitor and report on progress over time. Separate submissions for

Milestones 4 and 5 will be prepared and filed with the PCP Program at a later date.

Simultaneously, Cambridge, along with Kitchener, Waterloo, Region of Waterloo, local utilities,

school boards, community groups and residents have undertaken Milestones 1–3 at the

“Community” level by producing a Local Action Plan (“A Climate Action Plan for Waterloo

Region: Living Smarter in 2020”). The Cambridge “Corporate” GHG Reduction (Energy

Management) Plan nests within that plan and forms part of the “Community” Plan.

Milestone 1: Create a GHG emissions inventory and forecast

Milestone 2: Set GHG emission reductions targets

Milestone 3: Develop a Local Action Plan

Milestone 4: Implement the Local Action Plan

Milestone 5: Monitor progress and report results

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3.3 Green Energy Act

The Green Energy Act (GEA), formerly Bill 150, was introduced in the Ontario legislature in

2009. The GEA was created to:

a) Increase the generation of renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar, hydroelectricity and

bioenergy),

b) Promote energy conservation (e.g., by working with local utilities to achieve conservation

targets and making energy efficiency a key part of the Ontario building code), and

c) Encourage the creation of clean energy jobs.

Under the GEA, municipalities and other public agencies are required to report annual energy

use and GHG emissions to the Ministry of Energy (MoE), and, by July 1, 2014, make publicly

available a five-year energy conservation and demand management (CDM) plan. The City has

already reported its annual energy use to the MoE and this Plan is intended to fulfill the GEA’s

requirements for a CDM plan.

3.4 Context

3.4.1 City of Cambridge: A High-Level Overview

The City of Cambridge was formed in 1973 through the amalgamation of the City of Galt, the

Towns of Hespeler and Preston, the Hamlet of Blair and parts of the Townships of Waterloo and

North Dumfries2.

Located in southern Ontario, the City of Cambridge covers a land area of 112.82 square

kilometers and is situated at the confluence of the Grand River (the first urban waterway to be

named a Canadian Heritage River) and the Speed River and along the Galt and Paris Moraines.

The river valley contains a stretch of the Grand River Forest,

containing rare forest species such as tulip trees and black

walnut. The geography surrounding the City is used

primarily for agricultural purposes3.

The City of Cambridge is ideally situated in Canada’s

Technology Triangle, an area known for its concentration of

science and technology firms. Furthermore, the City is

accessible (between 50 and 130 kilometres) from other major

City centres including Toronto and the border crossings of

Niagara Falls/Buffalo. City residents are also within commuting distance of Kitchener,

Waterloo, Guelph, Brantford, Mississauga, Milton and Hamilton.

In addition, the City boasts a growing population. At the end of 2012, the City estimated its

number of residents to be nearly 133,000. This number is expected to reach 173,000 by 20294.

The economy of Cambridge has experienced strong growth over the last 10 years. There are

approximately 7,300 businesses in the City, over 470 of which are manufacturing businesses

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ranging from textile manufacturing to science and technology firms5. Commercial and retail

activity has been traditionally located in the commercial areas of Galt, Preston and Hespeler6.

Residents enjoy access to over 100 parks covering more than 365 hectares, 14 golf courses, and

other recreational facilities including ice surfaces, pools, recreation/community centres and

soccer fields. Furthermore, there are over 70 kilometres of natural trails, more than half of

which are along the banks of the Grand and Speed Rivers7. In addition, the City maintains over

200 kilometres of on-road cycling facilities (e.g., bike lanes, paved shoulders, wide-shared use

lands and signed routes)8.

3.4.2 GHG Reduction Team

The City has established a GHG Reduction Team (the Team), made up of a cross-section of staff

across corporate operations. The Team is responsible for participating in GHG reduction

planning processes, contributing to the development of this Plan as well as supporting the GEA

reporting requirements. The Team is made with staff from the following departments:

Community Services Department – Sustainable Design and Development Division;

Corporate Services Department – Purchasing & Inventory Division, Financial

Services Division; and

Transportation and Public Works Department – Engineering Division, Public Works

Division.

Specifically, this report was prepared with input and collaboration between Stantec Consulting

Limited and the City of Cambridge’s GHG Reduction Team who’s members include: Paul

Willms, Jonathan Lautenbach, Bob Paul, Linda Fegan, Reg Weber, Shannon Noonan,

Slobodanka Lekic, Michelle Vienneau, Zita Tavares, Elaine Brunn Shaw, John Avery, Angelo

Pellegrino, Jon Redhill, Mike Hausser, and Steve Matheson.

The City would like to recognize the individuals who contributed their time and expertise to the

development of this Plan and to all those who will help to implement the GHG Reduction and

energy management initiatives outlined herein.

3.4.3 Corporate Sustainability Plan

In January 2011, the City initiated a planning process to develop its first Corporate

Sustainability Plan (CSP). The CSP, released in October 2011, is an umbrella document that

guides the City’s actions with respect to sustainability. This includes balancing the City’s fiscal

responsibility with cultural (including heritage), economic, environmental and social interests.

The CSP is a framework for the sustainable implementation of the City’s existing Master and

Strategic Plans including:

Arts and Culture Master Plan;

Bikeway Network Master Plan;

Cambridge Heritage Master Plan;

Core Areas Parking Master Plan;

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Designing the Future: An Economic Development Strategy for the City of Cambridge;

Five Year Review 2008-2013 of the Master Plan for Leisure Services/Facilities (2002 to

2022);

Five Year Strategic Plans for Libraries and Galleries;

Stormwater Management Plan (pending); and,

Trails Master Plan.

This Reduction Plan completes Action Env9, one of the nine identified environmental actions

within the CSP. Specifically, Action Env9 states: “Data gathered in 2012 about greenhouse gas

emissions will need to be reported on in July 2013 due to Green Energy Act Requirements9.”

3.4.4 Integrating Corporate and Community Climate Action Plans

Waterloo Region (the Region) is made up of three urban municipalities – Cambridge, Kitchener

and Waterloo – as well as four rural Townships – North Dumfries, Wellesley, Wilmot and

Woolwich. In 2009, the Region released an Environmental Sustainability Strategy (the Strategy)

building on the “Region of Waterloo’s Past and Present Environmental Initiatives10.” The

Strategy provides a framework for incorporating environmental considerations into the Region’s

decision-making and outlines target-setting processes in all areas that can significantly impact

the environment. The Region has identified five priority outcome areas – air, land, water,

material resources, and waste and sustainability culture – and the Strategy provides clear goals,

and related plans and strategies for each of these areas11.

The City is also a participant in the Regional Carbon Initiative (RCI). RCI is Sustainable

Waterloo Region’s flagship program that assists local organizations further the sustainability of

their operations through GHG reductions12.

Furthermore, the City of Cambridge is an active organization in ClimateActionWR, a

collaborative initiative that facilitates knowledge sharing, resource maximization and the

engagement of participants across interests, disciplines and community sectors to reduce GHG

emissions, improve energy efficiency and contribute to the sustainable prosperity of the

Waterloo Region. Local municipal organizations, utilities and other partners including REEP

Green Solutions and Sustainable Waterloo Region are participating organizations. In May 2012,

this network of participating organizations completed a community-scale GHG emissions

inventory for the Waterloo Region using 2010 as a baseline year and including a 10-year

emissions forecast to 2020. This work resulted in the achievement of Milestones 1 to 3 of the

PCP program. Currently, the collaborative is working on Milestones 4 and 5 of the PCP

framework, and implementing the community-scale Local Action Plan that focuses specifically

on reducing GHG emissions and improving energy efficiency across residential, industrial,

commercial and institutional sectors (ICI); transportation on area roads; etc.13

This Plan focuses on reducing corporate energy use and GHG emissions within the City of

Cambridge, which builds on, supports and enhances these other efforts throughout the Region.

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3.4.5 Facility Energy & Water Assessments

In December 2013, the City commissioned detailed energy and water assessments for 24 City

owned and managed facilities, as outlined in Table 1 below.

Table 1 List of City Facilities Assessed for GHG Reduction and Energy Conservation Opportunities

No. Building Name

Annual Total Energy

Savings – All Measures

Identified ($)

Annual Tonnes CO2e

Avoided – All

Measures Identified

(tonnes CO2e) 1 Cambridge Arts Theatre 3,846 7.8 2 City Hall 3,536 24.2 3 David Durward & CFA 21,881 88.5 4 Dickson Arena 5,916 10.7 5 Duncan McIntosh Arena 8,298 20.2 6 Dunfield Theatre 7,348 20.5 7 Fire Department 1 – Main 11,089 16.0 8 Fire Department 2 & Hespeler Centre 4,293 14.2 9 Fire Department 3 & ARC 11,423 39.1 10 Fire Department 4 3,542 5.3 11 Fire Department 5 2,437 4.2 12 Galt Arena 23,523 81.8 13 Hespeler Arena 34,521 78.1 14 Historic City Hall 2,865 17.6 15 John Dolson Pool 13,041 23.7 16 Karl Homuth Arena 3,117 9.3 17 Library – Hespeler 4,035 12.3 18 Library – Main 18,614 50.8 19 Library – Preston 2,478 9.5 20 Market Building 2,076 5.4 21 Old Fire Hall 4,560 4.7 22 Preston Arena 11,482 50.4 23 Transportation and Public Works 4,289 23.8 24 WG Johnson Pool 13,737 52.8

TOTAL (All measures across building portfolio)

$221,957 670.8 tonnes CO2e

The goal of these assessments was to explore potential opportunities to improve energy and

water efficiencies at City owned and operated facilities. The assessment reports, completed in

mid-March, 2014, contained a total of 229 Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) and Water

Conservation Measures (WCMs), along with their GHG reduction potentials (expressed in

tonnes of CO2e avoided on an annual basis), net present value, simple payback (in years) and

capital payback (in years), total cost of implementation, and utility savings potentials (electricity

in kilowatts and kilowatt hours, natural gas in cubic meters, water in cubic meters and total

annual energy savings in dollars).

After analyzing the full list of recommended ECMs and WCMs, the City identified 47 measures

to be pursued by the end of 2014. A further 182 measures are planned to be implemented by

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2019. The master list of ECMs and WCMs identified for all 24 City owned and operated facilities

that were assessed for this initiative can be found in Appendix B.

3.5 A Guide to Decision-Making

While the City has already identified a number of energy and GHG reduction initiatives (refer to

Section 6.1) to meet its reduction target, other initiatives (e.g., those within the City’s Master

Plans and Strategic Plans) may be pursued and brought forward as potential energy and GHG

reduction strategies to contribute to the City’s reduction goals. However, initiatives which are

pursued must be manageable and achievable within the City’s staffing and financial constraints.

The City will work within its budget capacity, through the budget approval framework, to ensure

that the Corporation sustainably manages and coordinates its current and future energy and

GHG reduction initiatives. Furthermore, the City will employ a Level of Effort vs. Level of

Impact Evaluation Framework (see Figure 4, Section 6.0) when considering future energy

and GHG initiatives. Finally, the City will capitalize on available incentive and grant programs,

as well as operational savings resulting from energy and GHG reduction initiatives, and funnel

these funds into future energy and GHG reduction initiatives.

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4.0 Current State

4.1 Corporate Operations Profile

The City owns approximately 200 properties ranging from trails, parks and open spaces,

cemeteries, sports arenas, community centres, service buildings, fire stations, libraries and

administrative (office) buildings. These properties include 80 building structures,

approximately 70 kilometres of trails and 365 hectares of parkland.14 The City’s mandate is to

manage these facilities with efficiency, sustainability and responsibility as its core aims. The City

provides the following services for its facilities:

Asset management and administration, maintenance of properties and capital repairs;

Project design, development and management;

Project and building construction;

Planning for new developments and capital investments;

Long-term facility planning;

Safety assurance for public use of major facilities and properties;

Concept to completion of capital/conservation projects;

Risk mitigation;

Review and approval of land and building leases, subdivisions and development

applications;

Property issues analysis; and

Energy consultation.15

4.2 Highlights of Completed & Current (Ongoing) Energy Conservation and GHG

Reduction Initiatives

The City has been active in reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions across corporate

operations, particularly within City owned and managed buildings. In total, the City has

identified approximately 30 completed and current (ongoing) measures to reduce energy and

GHG emissions across City operations. Completed and current measures include implementing

a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold policy for all new buildings and

major renovations; establishing an energy conservation reserve fund; implementing a tree

planting program; hosting green workshops on a variety of salient topics including climate

change, sustainable development, and peak oil; establishing an anti-idling by-law for corporate

fleet; implementing a sustainable procurement policy; and implementing software to provide a

paperless system for report preparation. Other identified measures include numerous

retrofits/equipment replacements in existing corporate buildings including lighting retrofits;

furnace, dehumidification system, roofing and cladding replacements. The full list of completed

and ongoing initiatives to support corporate-wide energy and GHG reductions is presented in

Appendix C. Gaining an understanding of what measures the City has already undertaken in

these regards is crucial to plotting the future direction for the City.

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4.3 Summary of Renewable Energy Initiatives

The City has been proactive when it comes to exploring the merits of and subsequently

implementing renewable energy projects for its facilities.

The City undertook a 20kW Photovoltaic Solar installation at its Public Works facility, located at

1310 Bishop Street. The photovoltaic solar panels (91 in total, each rated at 245W) are mounted

on a newly installed garage for public works vehicles. Based on a 5 week generation period, the

yearly output is estimated to be over 21,000 kWh, generating an estimated yearly income of over

$15,000, and yielding an annual power savings of over 5%, as well as saving over 3.5 t CO2e

emissions per year.

There are also two City facilities which have geothermal installations making use of heat pump

technology to reduce the consumption of natural gas heating. These facilities include the Elgin

Street Maintenance Building whose geothermal heat pump, rated at 540 GJ of heat production

per year, has cut heating and electricity costs by approximately 40% per year; and the pool at the

Johnson Centre whose heat pump, rated at 1,100 GJ of heat production per year, accounts for an

annual reduction of 55 t CO2e.

4.4 Corporate Energy & GHG Emissions Summary

GHG emissions inventories for the City’s corporate operations were completed for 2009 (PCP

baseline year), 2010, 2011 and 2012 (GEA baseline year). A complete GHG Inventory report was

completed to overview the methodologies and assumptions of the 2009 PCP baseline year,

entitled The City of Cambridge: Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory and

Forecast16.

A summary of GHG emissions by sector and emission year is provided in Table 2 (presented as

tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents or t CO2e). Buildings produce the largest amount of GHG

emissions for the City’s corporate operations, with City fleet being the second largest producer of

emissions. The total GHG emissions from all City operations in the PCP baseline year of 2009

was 7,398 t CO2e. In 2012, the GEA baseline year, the total GHG emissions were 6,604 t CO2e.

Approximately 3,808 t CO2e of the 2012 emissions came from City-owned facilities and sewage

pumping stations and were due to the consumption of 13,279,226 kWh of electricity and

1,241,656 m3 of natural gas.

Note that 2013 GHG emissions data is currently being compiled as tracking and monitoring

efforts continue at the City as part of the PCP program. The City-owned facility data for 2011

was submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Energy in 2013 in accordance with the requirements of

the GEA. The City-owned facility data for 2012 and 2013 will also be submitted in 2014 and

2015 respectively in order to fulfill the requirements of the GEA.

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Table 2 GHG Emissions by Sector and Year

Sector

Total GHGs (tonnes CO2e)

2009

PCP Baseline 2010 2011

2012

GEA Baseline

Buildings 4,395 4,430 4,031 3,679

Sewage Collection and Pumping

126 137 115 129

Street Lighting 828 1,030 684 765

Vehicles 1,772 1,633 1,787 1,623

Small Engines 45 42 42 70

Waste 232 234 276 337

Total 7,398 7,506 6,935 6,604

4.5 Methodology

The methods used to develop the City of Cambridge’s GHG inventories are in keeping with the

PCP best practices and guidance17. To quantify GHG emissions in the identified sectors, the

International Government GHG Emissions Analysis Protocol (IEAP) was utilized as the

preferred inventory guidance document for municipalities participating in the PCP program18.

An ‘operational control’ approach was utilized to complete the GHG emissions inventories. This

approach requires that the City of Cambridge account for emissions from every source of which

it implements operating control or policies. The inventories include all sources of GHG

emissions occurring within the city’s organizational boundaries.

A more comprehensive description of the methods and assumptions used to develop the

inventories may be found in the document entitled The City of Cambridge Corporate

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory and Forecast completed in 201219.

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5.0 Potential Future State

5.1 GHG Emissions Forecast

The forecast year chosen for the City was 2019, based on the PCP best practice of choosing a

forecast year 10 years from the PCP baseline year (2009).

The business as usual forecast (BAU) scenario was developed using predictions of changes to

local government operations and infrastructure found within the City’s Master Plan and capital

budgets. City staff provided further information on other initiatives or potential growth that

would have an effect on City operations. Figure 2 illustrates the forecasted emissions for the

City of Cambridge corporate operations. The BAU emissions are forecasted to be approximately

8,400 tonnes CO2e in 2019. Figure 2 also shows the City of Cambridge’s GHG emission

inventory trends from 2009 to 2012. Between 2009 to 2012, the City’s total GHG emissons have

decreased from 7,400 in 2009 to 6,600 tonnes CO2e in 2012, which represents a 11% decrease.

Figure 2 City of Cambridge GHG Emissions and Forecast by Sector under the BAU Scenario

The BAU forecast only takes into consideration those actions that are currently planned, with no

energy efficiency modifications or policy changes. The forecast is a snapshot of what could occur

to City operational emissions if everything were to remain status quo. The following

assumptions were made as part of the forecast:

Electricity and natural gas use will increase in proportion to the square footage increase

in proposed building expansions to the existing stock City facilities;

Quantity of waste at City of Cambridge facilities will increase by the same percentage as

the overall City population growth;

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Energy for street lighting will increase by growth associated with Greenfield

Development; and,

The City’s vehicle fleet will increase by ten light duty vehicles.20

5.2 Proposed Reduction Target for the City of Cambridge

The PCP recommends a corporate target of 20% below baseline emissions. The PCP also

suggests a 10-year target to allow time for implementation. Based on the calculations in

Section 6.0 of this report, a reduction target below the PCP baseline year (2009) of at least

6% by 2019 is achievable by the City, if all the discussed initiatives are implemented. This

emissions reduction target translates into a 1,443 t CO2e (or 17% reduction) below the projected

2019 GHG emissions level. Figure 3 illustrates the actual, forecast and target emissions

between 2009 and 2019. As of 2012, the actual GHG emissions were below BAU and the target

GHG emissions, so the City is on track to achieving its reduction commitments.

Figure 3 City of Cambridge GHG Emissions and Forecast by Sector under the BAU Scenario

June 2014 16

6.0 Corporate GHG Reduction (Energy Management) Plan Recognizing the importance of stakeholder engagement to generate support for the actions

outlined in this Plan and to create a foundation for its realization, the City hosted an Action

Planning Workshop at City Hall on June 6, 2013 and invited members of the GHG Reduction

Team and members of the Sustainability Task Force to participate. Stantec, the City’s external

partner for the development of its GHG inventory and forecast facilitated this workshop. The

objectives of the workshop were three-fold:

a) To provide the City of Cambridge with the tools to support the development of a desired

vision,

b) To brainstorm energy conservation and GHG reduction measures/initiatives for the City

to implement, and

c) To evaluate and prioritize measures/initiatives using an evaluation matrix (Figure 4)

and evaluation criteria (Table 3).

Figure 4 High Level Evaluation Matrix for Energy and GHG Reduction Measures/Initiatives

June 2014 17

Table 3 Evaluation Criteria for Proposed GHG Reduction Measures

IMPACT: Energy & GHG Reductions

and Other Co-Benefits

LOW HIGH

- Reductions in GHG emissions may

affect only a small portion of the

City’s corporate inventory


depend on individual behavioural

change and may not be guaranteed

or lasting


not be directly linked to a specific

measure/initiative

- Few co-benefits may result from

the implementation of the

measure/initiative. Co-benefits

include improved energy

efficiency, air quality, and

visibility.

- Reductions in GHG emissions are

substantial and represent a large

portion of the City’s corporate

inventory

- Reductions in GHG emissions are

based on a major technological or

policy change and cannot,

therefore, be easily reversed

- Co-benefits associated with GHG

emissions reductions are

substantial.

EFFORT: Resources (Time & Costs)

LOW HIGH

- The measure/initiative does not

require much, if any, additional

staff time or funds to implement

- Any staff time required to

implement a specific

measure/initiative is limited to

either a one-time effort or a few

hours on an ongoing basis

- Any funding required to

implement a specific

measure/initiative can be covered

by existing budgets, or, if securing

additional funding is required, the

likelihood of doing so is considered

very high

- Shorter timeframes are required

for implementation

- Full time human resources are

required to implement the specific

measure/initiative – for example,

one full time equivalent person or

more for an extended period of

time (e.g., a year or more)

- Outside expertise (e.g.,

consultants) are required to

implement the specific

measure/initiative

- Major financial support is required

- Longer timeframes are required

for implementation

June 2014 18

6.1 Summary of Proposed Measures to Achieve Reduction Target

The City has identified several actions it can implement over a 10 (and in one case 30) year

planning horizon to achieve its GHG reductions goal. The proposed actions are outlined in

Table 4. To estimate the energy, cost and GHG reductions/savings, various assumptions were

undertaken to provide the City with a range of potential energy and GHG savings associated

with each action. It should be noted that these savings are estimates, and are based on industry

best practices and available data. The actual savings observed by the City will be largely

dependent on the type of equipment purchased, the fuel efficiency of new vehicles (as well as

maintenance) and the actual consumption of energy by the equipment. In the savings estimates,

each quantifiable action has been estimated within a range (minimum and maximum) based on

actual City data and available data for estimations.

June 2014 19

Table 4 Summary of Energy & GHG Reduction Measures

Proposed Energy /

GHG Reduction

Measure

Description

Applicability

to Regulations

/ Programs

Implementation Time Frame

GEA PCP Short Term

(1 – 5 years)

Medium Term

(5 – 10 years)

Long Term

(10+ years)

Buildings

ECMs & WCMs from

detailed assessments

Implementation of select ECMs and WCMs

identified during detailed energy & water

assessments of 24 Corporate Facilities (e.g.,

installation of programmable thermostats

and occupancy sensors; upgrading existing

natural gas-fired units with higher efficiency

units; upgrading lighting to more energy-

efficient alternatives)

(229

measures

implemented

by 2019)

Occupancy Policy

Developing an overarching policy and

building control standards based upon

building occupancy to reduce the heating

and cooling of unoccupied areas.

(policy &

implementa-

tion)

(ongoing

implementation)

(ongoing

implementa-

tion)

Street Lighting

Streetlight Conversion

Program &

Development of New

Streetlighting Standard

Convert existing City-owned street lights to

higher efficiency lighting (e.g., LEDs,

induction) and developing a street lighting

standard for new City developments.

June 2014 20

Proposed Energy /

GHG Reduction

Measure

Description

Applicability

to Regulations

/ Programs


GEA PCP Short Term

(1 – 5 years)

Medium Term

(5 – 10 years)

Long Term

(10+ years)

Sewage Collection & Pumping

Pumping Station

Upgrades

Upgrade pumping stations in accordance

with energy conservation measures

identified in energy assessment reports (e.g.,

installation of variable frequency drives

VFDs on pumps).

Reduce Operation of

Diesel Generators

Reduce pumping station runtimes of diesel

generators by half.

Corporate Waste

Waste Management

Develop strategies to improve corporate

waste management and increase diversion

rates across select corporate facilities.

Fleet

Fleet Right Sizing and

Fleet Pooling

Assess current fleet vehicles and see where

efficiencies can be made with purchasing

new vehicles based on needs and uses.

Fuel Cells Look at fuel cell technology and its

applicability in the City’s fleet

Alternative

Technologies

Look at a pilot project that would explore

the use of alternative technologies including

biodiesel, natural gas and propane.

June 2014 21

Proposed Energy /

GHG Reduction

Measure

Description

Applicability

to Regulations

/ Programs


GEA PCP Short Term

(1 – 5 years)

Medium Term

(5 – 10 years)

Long Term

(10+ years)

Eco Driver Training

Provide City staff with the opportunity to

take an on-line green driving course that

would help to reduce fuel consumption

throughout the fleet.

(initiation of

training

program for

existing staff)

(ongoing

implementation)

(ongoing

implementa-

tion)

Other

Tree Canopy

Improvement

Inventory and increase the City’s tree

canopy.

(completion

of existing

canopy

inventory)

(ongoing

implementation

over 30 year

planting period)

(ongoing

implementa-

tion over 30

year planting

period)

June 2014 22

6.1.1 Buildings

On average, Canadian buildings are responsible for 33% of all energy used, 50% of natural

resources consumed, 12% of nonindustrial water used, 25% of landfill waste generated, 10% of

airborne particulates produced and 35% of greenhouses gasses emitted within a community21.

As such, the construction and operation of buildings is a major area of focus for energy and GHG

reduction strategies.

During its Action Planning Workshop in June 2013, the City identified four (4) main areas of

opportunity to mitigate energy use and GHG emissions across their portfolio of buildings. These

strategies include the installation of programmable thermostats and building automation

systems, upgrading existing natural gas-fired equipment with high efficiency equipment,

developing and implementing an occupancy policy, and upgrading lighting fixtures throughout

City owned and managed facilities. Since the Action Planning Workshop, the City commissioned

detailed energy and water assessments for 24 of its facilities and a range of additional energy

and water conservation measures were identified, in addition to the original measures brought

forward by the City during the Action Planning Workshop. The original four (4) opportunity

areas identified by the City, as well as estimated total emissions savings, are highlighted in the

sections that follow.

A. Programmable Thermostats & Building Automation Systems (BAS)

The City of Cambridge plans to install programmable thermostats and Building Automation

Systems (BAS) for heating and cooling where appropriate, to optimize efficiencies in city owned

and managed facilities. Programmable thermostats can reduce energy consumption and

improve comfort, convenience and operational efficiencies. A BAS, or intelligent control system,

that regulates the mechanical systems in a building such as chillers and boilers, allows for

greater control and monitoring of building operations; better enables operators to quickly see,

diagnose and fix operational issues; enables the generation of reports used for tracking

consumption and the general operational status of facilities; improves operational efficiencies,

thus saving energy and

lowering CO2e emissions; and

allows for the collection and

storage of data pertaining to

energy consumption in

buildings to show

consumption trends over

time. The cost and level of

effort required in

implementing these measures across city owned and managed facilities are considerable, but the

results in terms of energy and GHG emissions reductions are significant. Due to the level of

effort required to implement this initiative, and the level of impact expected to be achieved, this

initiative is considered transformational in nature. The City plans to begin implementing these

upgrades in facilities that consume the highest amount of electricity and cost the most to

operate. Other facilities will also be selected based on additional factors such as occupancy and

building use. Starting in 2014, the City aims to retrofit at least one building per year with these

June 2014 23

upgrades depending on available funding. Funding proposed for these upgrades is existing

capital budgets and savings accrued from other energy efficiency measures.

B. Natural Gas Upgrades

The City plans to upgrade

existing natural gas fired

units and furnaces with high

efficiency units (97.1%

efficiency ratings) over a 10

year period, beginning in

2014. Reducing natural gas

consumption is a significant

means by which to improve a

building’s emissions profile, with the improvement most readily achieve in thermal applications

such as natural gas space heating and water heating. Buildings with older natural gas or oil fired

boilers and furnaces can substantially improve efficiency and lower emissions by upgrading this

equipment to newer, more efficient models22. This particular initiative is considered

transformational for the City, due to the expected costs and time associated with its

implementation, and due to the significant results that are expected to be achieved in terms of

energy and GHG reductions. The City estimates upgrading existing natural gas fired equipment

within its facilities could cost upwards of $2 million over a 10-year period. The City proposes to

fund this initiative using gas tax monies.

C. Occupancy Policy

In addition to some of the more concrete, equipment-related measures the City is planning to

implement within its facilities, the City is planning to develop an overarching policy and

building control standards based upon building occupancy to reduce the heating and cooling of

unoccupied areas. Many buildings are unoccupied on weekends, yet the City continues to heat

and cool these spaces. The City plans to establish a standard for reducing heating and cooling of

unoccupied spaces, in addition to establishing set points during occupied hours. The City

expects that some research will be required to determine best practices/the appropriateness of

certain standards for specific building types. For instance, City buildings and workshops will

likely require a different standard for arenas and pools that have quite different heating and

cooling requirements. Therefore, the City’s policy and standards for heating and cooling will

consider these unique requirements, and will take into account what the heating, ventilation and

air conditioning (HVAC) equipment requires to operate optimally. Recognizing that staff will

need to be made aware of any changes that may impact their workspaces and comfort levels, the

City plans to implement an occupant engagement/educational program to improve knowledge

and support for these initiatives. This initiative is expected to take a high level of effort to

implement, mainly due to the occupant engagement/educational component but the expected

results in terms of energy and GHG emissions reductions is also expected to be quite high. In

terms of timelines, the City plans to implement the occupant engagement/educational

component of this initiative by the first quarter in 2014.

June 2014 24

D. Facility Lighting Upgrade

Lighting is an important issue

to address in terms of

minimizing overall energy

consumption and reducing

GHG emissions from building

operations. While much of a

building’s energy

consumption can be

attributed to space heating,

lighting is also a major electricity consumer within buildings. Energy Star, for example, has

indicated that about 35% of the electricity used in commercial buildings is directly attributed to

lighting systems; lighting makes up the greatest portion of a building’s electricity bill and a

significant portion of a building’s overall energy bill23. The City realizes that upgrading lighting

systems in buildings is a good way to reduce overall energy consumption and associated GHG

emissions. Lighting retrofits can also improve the visual comfort and can even affect the sizing

of HVAC and other electrical systems as lighting systems not only produce light, but they can

also produce significant amounts of heat. The heat produced by lighting systems is typically the

largest source of waste heat (referred to as heat gain). Heat gain can be helpful when the

building requires heating, but can be detrimental when the building requires cooling. More

efficient lighting systems can help to reduce cooling loads as well as ongoing operational costs

and reducing GHG emissions. The City plans to upgrade lighting in its 10 highest consuming

buildings over a 10 year period. It is proposed that this initiative will be funded through

municipal reserves and hydro rebates.

E. Other Energy and Water Conservation Measures

After the staff workshop convened in June 2013, the City commissioned detailed energy and

water assessments for 24 City owned and managed facilities. The assessments revealed a

number of additional ECMs and WCMs for the City’s consideration, all of which are highlighted

in Appendix B. Measures include the following:

Building envelope upgrades such as increasing insulation on exterior doors, repairing

weather-stripping, sealing and insulating operable windows, replacing single-pane

windows;

Replacing rooftop units;

Implementing demand control ventilation;

Installing building automation systems (BAS);

Installing high efficiency boilers and controls, as well as high-efficiency domestic hot

water (DHW) heaters;

Installing occupancy sensors for lights and thermostats, as well as programmable

thermostats;

Upgrading existing water fixtures to low-flow alternatives (e.g., showerheads, toilets,

urinals);

June 2014 25

Installing variable frequency drives (VFDs) on pumps, make-up air (MUA) units, and

cooling tower fans; and

Converting existing lights to LEDs and/or other higher-efficiency fixtures.

6.1.2 Street Lighting

The City has identified a two-pronged approach it can take to reduce energy and GHG emissions

associated with street lighting. First, the City is planning to convert existing City-owned street

lights to higher efficiency lighting (e.g., LEDs, induction) over a 5-year period. The total

number of streetlights operated by the City of Cambridge in 2009 was approximately 9,670.

The City would look to convert the existing streetlights to more efficient lights. The

conversions would take place over a five-year period, with approximately 2,000 fixtures being

upgraded each year. Upgrading existing streetlights to more efficient alternatives can improve

efficiencies and reduce costs by approximately 30 – 50%24. The estimated costs of the project

are to be determined upon the development of a business case, which will consider:

A one-to-one conversion of existing streetlights to more efficient lights;

Approximately 10,000 lamps to be converted over a 5 year time period; and

Explore opportunities such as:

o A co-operative tender with another municipality for new fixtures, and

o Grants and other funding options.

Using an estimate of a 30 to 50% reduction on a street light conversion program, the City could

see annual GHG reductions (after all lights had been converted) from 305 to 508 tonnes of

CO2e, based annual energy being reduced from 2-3 million kilo Watt hours. The City could

potentially annually save $160,000 to $270,000 annually after all the lights have been

converted.

Without action on conversion

of streetlights, it is evident from

discussions with Cambridge’s

GHG Reduction Team that with

the increasing costs of

electricity, operating costs in

the City will be on the rise as

will the City’s GHG emissions.

As this initiative has a

significant impact on GHG reduction activities, even if the minimum amount of GHG reductions

are achieved through this the City will achieve a 4% emission reduction from its total 2009 PCP

baseline.

Second, the City will develop a streetlighting standard and resulting policy for the installation of

new, higher-efficient streetlights in new developments throughout the City. This part of the

initiative entails reviewing available high-efficiency lighting options, exploring how

development charges may need to be updated to accommodate the installation of more efficient

June 2014 26

options, writing a policy to reflect the new standard and ensuring all new developments adhere

to this standard.

There are already existing standards for street lighting that the City can build on, such as the

Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), along with the International Dark-

Sky Association standards. Opportunities associated with the development and implementation

of a street lighting standards for new developments include future developments that are more

sustainable/energy-efficient, improved return on investment, reduced maintenance costs,

reduced energy costs, and reduced GHG emissions.

6.1.3 Sewage Collection and Pumping

The City has identified two initiatives to implement to reduce energy and GHG emissions

associated with the operations of the pumping stations owned and operated by the City.

A. Pumping Station Upgrades

The City plans to upgrade all 16 city-owned and operated pumping stations over a 10-year

period in accordance with energy conservation measures identified in energy assessment

reports, which are scheduled for completion in 2014. The City anticipates that the installation of

variable frequency drives (VFDs) on pumps will be one of the greatest opportunities to reduce

energy within the pumping stations. The City estimates such upgrades will cost about $320,000

to complete, plus the cost of VFDs which can range anywhere from $2,600 to $27,000

depending on horsepower, plus ancillary equipment.

The City proposes to fund this

initiative using existing

capital reserves. The City will

also investigate available

grants from local utility

providers.

Upgrading the City’s pumping

stations with VFDs and other

energy conservation measures is expected to result in potential savings of 28 tonnes of carbon

dioxide emissions, 234,833 kWh of electricity, and approximately $24,423 per year. The

maximum savings that could be achieved would be in the order of 47 tonnes of carbon dioxide

emissions, 391,388 kWh of electricity and $40,704 per year. Emissions reduction savings from

VFDs are through a reduction in electricity usage during regular pump use. The US Department

of Energy notes that energy savings between 30 and 50% are achievable by replacing existing,

older technology pumps, with VFDs25.

June 2014 27

B. Reduce Pumping Station Emergency Generator Runtimes

In addition to upgrading City-

owned and operated pumping

stations with energy and

water saving technologies

such as VFDs, the City has

recently implemented plans

to reduce pumping station

runtimes across all 16

pumping stations. In the past,

the City has tested its

emergency generators twice

per month, for approximately

two hours per test, which is

above and beyond what is

required. The City has now

reduced testing to once per

month in order to cut diesel use in half and reduce GHG emissions. This initiative did not

require any funding to implement, rather, this was a change in operational processes only. The

City implemented this operational change in 2013.

While savings associated with this initiative are relatively insignificant compared with several of

the initiatives the City is planning to implement (5.4 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions,

1,942 litres of diesel, and $2,369 cost savings), reviewing and revising operating

practices/procedures on a regular basis to find efficiencies is good practice. Therefore,

implementing this initiative is less about actual GHG reductions, and more about generating

awareness that every action/process has associated impacts which can be reduced through

regular review processes.

6.1.4 Corporate Waste

The City of Cambridge plans to develop strategies to improve corporate waste management and

increase waste diversion rates at select City owned and managed facilities. For this initiative, the

City will first focus on larger facilities – for example those over 60,000 square feet such as City

Hall, Hespeler Memorial Arena, Galt Arena Gardens and the Transportation & Public Works

Service Building. Over time, waste diversion rates at smaller facilities will also be examined and

strategies put in place to improve performance in this area will be implemented.

From an implementation standpoint, the City plans to conduct comprehensive 2-day audits for

the four largest buildings in 2014. Recommended actions to improve diversion rates will

subsequently be implemented over a 5-year period. The City plans to have these audits repeated

on an annual basis to track diversion rates and measure progress against the baseline year.

Diversion rates of at least 70% or higher will be considered successful.

June 2014 28

6.1.5 Fleet

The City of Cambridge owns and operates approximately 850 pieces of equipment and vehicles,

the City identified several initiatives that will assist in reducing its GHG emissions from its fleet

emission profile.

A. Fleet Right-Sizing & Fleet Pooling

Over the next 10 years, the City would like to create a more sustainable, fuel-efficient fleet using

right sizing and fleet pooling practices. The City has a total of 850 pieces of equipment, of which

150 are licensed vehicles (55 large dump trucks).

The fleet right-sizing initiative aims to replace current crew cab trucks to fuel efficient vehicles.

Over time, the goal of fleet right-sizing is to have a fleet that is more eco-friendly by using more

fuel-efficient and alternative fuels wherever possible.

The City will review intended uses of all the vehicles and over the next 10 years (starting in

2014), will look to replace vehicles with more efficient ones. The effort associated with this

initiative is not the replacement of vehicles (as this would happen regardless); it is in the

behavioral and cultural change required for City staff to embrace the principles and reasoning

behind fleet right-sizing.

Using fuel efficiency

estimates, it was calculated

that if the City of Cambridge

replaced only 50 vehicles

(F150s with a smaller pickup

such as a Toyota Tahoma),

they would save a minimum of

37 tonnes of GHGs, and if the

City replaced the same 50 trucks with a Hybrid car they would save approximately 110 tonnes of

GHGs. These GHG reductions are based solely on fuel savings. However, knowing that fuel costs

are on the rise globally, it is important to understand that operating costs will rise, and taking

action with the fleet is very important to help not only curb GHG emissions, but to also reduce

rising costs within the City’s operations.

It is also important that the City consider implementing a communications and educational plan

to assist in informing staff of the upcoming changes, and the importance of the changes to the

fleet.

Finally, as a way to better track fuel consumption in the future, the City will investigate

implementation of a fuel management system (such as a fuel card system), that will track fuel

transactions based on fuel cards associated with each vehicle.

B. Fuel Cells

As the City assesses the fleet, and goes through the process of right-sizing, the City will also

explore the use of various technologies, including fuel cell vehicles (FCV). FCV’s have the

potential to reduce the City’s dependence on and use of fuel and oil as well as to dramatically

June 2014 29

lower emissions that contribute to climate change. FCVs run on hydrogen gas as opposed to

gasoline and emit zero harmful tailpipe emissions. FCVs/other alternative fuel technologies

typically cost 20 – 30% more than today’s traditional gasoline-fueled vehicles. Despite the initial

up-front layout of funds for the compressor station plus the higher vehicle costs, substantial

costs savings can be achieved over time (no gasoline costs).

A substantial reduction in GHG emissions is likely to occur by introducing FCVs into the City’s

fleet (and eventually transforming the fleet to an FCV-based fleet).

C. Alternative Fleet Technologies

The City of Cambridge will investigate alternative technologies for fleet vehicles and identify pilot

projects (no more than 5 vehicles) to test potentially viable technologies for the City of Cambridge.

Other than Fuel Cell Vehicles – FCVs (see above), there are other fuels and technologies for the

City to consider including but not limited too; biodiesel, hybrid and plug-in vehicles, natural gas

and propone vehicles.

Furthermore, the City may wish to investigate the option of after-market conversion of vehicles

– essentially a process whereby existing gasoline fueled vehicles are retrofitted to accommodate

different fuels/power sources.

D. Eco-Driver Training

As part of the greening of any fleet, it is important for the City staff to have an understanding of

the importance of using less fuel, not only through the purchase of fuel-efficient vehicles, but by

how those vehicles are operated.

One way of accomplishing this, is

to educate staff through a green-

driver training program.

It is estimated that 3-10% fuel

savings can be accomplished when

drivers complete and implement

green driving techniques. Based

on these assumptions the City of Cambridge could save a minimum of 55 and a maximum of

185 tonnes of GHGs by providing a Green Driving course to all staff that operate fleet vehicles.

Stantec offers a customizable 25-minute on-line Eco-Driving course and Natural Resources

Canada (NRCAN) has many resources available to fleet operators.

6.1.6 Other

In addition to the proposed actions for buildings, street lighting, sewage collection and

pumping, corporate waste and fleet, the City has identified another action that it can implement

to help it achieve its GHG reduction target. This proposed action is outlined below.

June 2014 30

A. Tree Canopy Improvement

The City plans to improve its tree canopy over a 30-year period beginning in 2013. Specifically,

the City plans to complete an inventory of the current canopy, develop an urban forest plan with

canopy target and subsequently work to increase the canopy over a 30-year period. Funding

sources for this initiative will be investigated and includes capital maintenance funds and funds

from potential partnerships with community, residents and corporations (for example, a current

community initiative leverages $5 for every $1 the City funds). Numerous benefits are expected

as a result of this initiative. Benefits include:

Climate cooling: increasing the City’s tree canopy will sequester GHG emissions and

reduce energy consumption for air conditioning as trees lower ambient temperatures

and decrease the “urban heat island effect”;

Habitat preservation: provision of more habitat for birds and animal species;

Economic benefits: communities and business districts with good tree cover attracts

more industry, residents and commercial activity; higher rents (residential and

commercial space) can also be achieved;

Water quality: improvement of watershed forest cover;

Stormwater management: a healthy tree canopy contributes to stormwater management

and reduces the risk of flooding;

Aesthetics: improvement of community aesthetics;

GHG reductions: Approx. 54 tonnes of GHGs by 2020 (to be confirmed by plan);

Property values: property values increase in areas with good tree cover; and

Health benefits: trees contribute to positive mental health, remove pollutions and

provide necessary shade.26

June 2014 31

7.0 Monitoring & Measurement The City’s efforts to reduce energy and GHG emissions as a corporation will be measured

through an annual GHG inventory and through annual energy reporting from City-owned

facilities as required by the GEA, though some initiatives lend themselves to more specific

monitoring and measurement. For example, when it comes to monitoring and measuring the

outcomes of its proposed building-related initiatives, the City will track energy consumption per

building over time to monitor the effect of proposed action items such as the installation of

programmable systems (e.g., BAS and programmable thermostats). The City will also monitor

corporate waste diversion rates over time by implementing a regular waste auditing process that

will measure the success of corporate-wide waste management strategies and present additional

strategies for the City to implement in time. Success for other initiatives, such as the City’s

proposed streetlighting initiatives, will be measured based on a reduction in maintenance costs

and reduced energy consumption.

The City’s GHG Reduction Team will be responsible for presenting annual findings to Council,

and will be responsible for identifying new action items to reduce energy and GHG emissions

over time to facilitate continuous environmental improvement across City operations.

June 2014 32

Appendix A: Milestones 1, 2 and 3 Achievement Letters

June 2014 33

June 2014 34

Appendix B: Master List of Energy and Water Conservation Measures for City Owned and

Operated Facilities

Facility

Estimated Savings Total

Implement-ation Cost

($)

Simple Payback (Years)

Capital Payback (years)

Year of Imple-ment

Energy Conservation and Water Conservation Measures

Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided

Galt Arena

Lighting Upgrade: Incandescent and Halogen to LED

9,541 0 0 1,137.34 1.0 3,594.22 3.2 2.9

Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 16,175 0 0 1,686.63 1.8 9,194.26 5.5 4.8

Lighting Conversion: Exterior LED's 14,283 0 0 1,152.64 1.6 14,615.89 12.7 9.6

Lighting Upgrade: Ice Pad LED Lighting with Occupancy Sensors

59,573 0 0 5,859.04 6.6 93,340.76 15.9 10.1

Replace Change Room MUA's with Packaged HRV Units

0 27,310 0 7,299.96 51.6 113,666.56 15.6 9.5

Replace AHU-1 and 2 0 3,108 0 830.67 5.9 30,167.94 36.3 8.9

Replace Furnace 0 635 0 169.75 1.2 3,220.90 19.0 13.4

Install Timer on DHWP-1 Recirculation Pump

681 45 0 66.98 0.2 571.06 8.5 7.0

Implement Full BAS 20,478 3,981 0 2,716.76 9.8 109,242.53 40.2 24.8

Water Conservation: Aerators and Low Flow Showerheads

0 1,009 623 2,406.05 1.9 1,482.45 0.6 0.6

Vending Machine Timers 2,453 0 0 197.94 0.3 251.90 1.3 1.2

Galt Arena – Facility Totals 123,184 36,088 623 23,523.76 81.8 379,348.47

Hespeler Arena

Lighting Upgrade: T12 to High Performance T8

9,229 0 0 886.77 1.0 1,743.63 2.0 1.4 2015

Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 27,696 0 0 3,053.74 3.0 21,210.05 6.9 5.9 2015

Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 3,920 0 0 631.82 0.4 1,548.07 2.5 2.3 2015

Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors

50,860 0 0 4,104.96 5.6 23,913.23 5.8 5.0 2015

Implement Floating Head Pressure Control

56,150 0 0 4,531.96 6.2 7,223.41 1.6 1.5 2015

Low-Emissivity Ceiling 130,201 0 0 10,508.65 14.3 92,778.47 8.8 7.3 2015

June 2014 35

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided Install Manual Spray Hose on Heat Recovery System

0 964 71 500.80 1.8 4,028.07 8.0 6.7 2015

Lower Flood Water Temperature 0 5,326 0 1,423.68 10.1 442.56 0.3 0.3 2015

Replace Rink 2 Chiller 53,343 0 0 4,305.36 5.9 194,350.78 45.1 10.3 2015

Install BAS 5,615 15,415 0 4,573.60 29.8 42,816.31 9.4 7.6 2015

Hespeler Arena – Facility Totals 337,015 21,705 71 34,521.33 78.1 390,054.58

Preston Arena

Lighting Upgrade: 32W T8 to 25W T8 6,969 0 0 761.37 0.8 5,145.51 6.8 5.8 2014


11,263 0 0 909.02 1.2 7,017.43 7.7 6.5 2014

Implement Floating Head Pressure Control

16,295 0 0 1,315.20 1.8 6,134.31 4.7 4.1 2014

Review Compressor Staging and Improve Sequence

13,676 0 0 1,103.80 1.5 2,713.79 2.5 2.3 2014

Implement Instantaneous Flood Water Boilers

0 1,299 0 337.64 2.5 5,304.55 15.7 11.6 2014

Replace DHW Boiler 0 2,459 0 639.22 4.6 37,420.21 0.0 18.0 2014

Replace Vinyl Curtain Separating Rink Area from Corridors with Swing Doors

0 1,445 0 375.69 2.7 3,618.75 9.6 7.8 2014

Replace Banquet Hall MAU 4,068 14,171 0 4,012.77 27.2 30,546.02 7.6 3.4 2014

Schedule lobby AHU 5,696 2,095 0 1,004.46 4.6 632.28 0.6 0.6 2014

Install Timers on Exhaust Fans 2,859 2,849 0 971.60 5.7 11,561.36 11.9 9.3 2014

Install Low Flow Urinals 0 0 49 167.86 0.0 5,831.16 0.0 21.6 2014

Replace All Weather Stripping 0 245 0 63.76 0.5 386.09 6.1 5.2 2014

Add Recirculation Loop to DHW -1,323 -1,386 39 -333.45 -2.8 9,835.69 -29.5 -16.5 2014

Repair Sump Tank Float 0 0 45 153.47 0.0 841.11 5.5 4.8 2014

Preston Arena – Facility Totals 59,503 23,177 133 11,482.42 50.4 126,988.26

Karl Homuth Arena

Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 795 0 0 104.87 0.1 479.37 4.6 4.1


1,041 0 0 114.07 0.1 2,699.01 23.7 15.7

June 2014 36

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided Implement Floating Head Pressure

Control 17,029 0 0 1,866.36 1.9 3,580.20 1.9 1.7

Lower Flood Water Temperature 0 647 0 167.12 1.2 442.56 2.6 2.4

Insulate Flood Water and DHW Piping 0 90 0 23.20 0.2 302.91 13.1 10.0

Replace Flood Water and DHW Heater Tanks

0 1,866 0 481.84 3.5 28,345.72 58.8 16.6

Lower Change Room Heating Set Point and Install Programmable Thermostat

0 565 0 145.84 1.1 718.50 4.9 4.3

Install Timer on Change Room Exhaust Fan

493 620 0 214.08 1.2 750.13 3.5 3.2

Karl Homuth Arena – Facility Totals 19,357 3,788 0 3,117.37 9.3 37,318.41

Dickson Arena

Lighting Upgrade: Replace Incandescent with CFL

12 0 0 1.32 0.0 10.78 8.2 6.8

Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 5,712 0 0 797.06 0.6 4,128.14 5.2 4.5


4,758 0 0 521.48 0.5 4,048.52 7.8 6.5

Implement Floating Head Pressure 16,960 0 0 1,858.86 1.9 6,102.80 3.3 3.0

Raise Brine Loop Temperature 10,534 0 0 1,154.57 1.2 447.87 0.4 0.4

Repair Exhaust Louver in Rink 0 0 0

0.0 101.65 0.0 0.0

Insulate DHW Piping 0 87 0 22.64 0.2 86.28 3.8 3.4

Replace DHW Heater Tanks 0 1,082 0 281.28 2.0 9,512.76 33.8 17.7

Replace Furnaces 0 1,697 0 441.10 3.2 4,864.52 11.0 8.1


Water Conservation: Install Low Flow Showerheads

0 496 166 697.30 0.9 289.87 0.4 0.4

Dickson Arena – Facility Totals 39,262 3,361 166 5,916.41 10.7 29,684.79

Duncan McIntosh Arena



15,257 0 0 1,672.17 1.7 7,017.43 4.2 3.7

Floating Head Pressure 17,641 0 0 1,933.49 1.9 3,580.20 1.9 1.7

June 2014 37

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided

VFD on Cooling Tower Fan 8,298 0 0 909.50 0.9 10,303.82 11.3 8.9

Implement Instantaneous Flood Water System

0 892 0 146.79 1.7 11,931.98 81.3 30.9


Replace Furnaces with High Efficiency Condensing Furnaces (F-1, 2, 3 and 5)

0 5,622 0 1,479.83 10.6 21,408.35 14.5 10.9

Install Low Flow Showerheads 0 670 167 748.59 1.3 362.33 0.5 0.5

Install High Efficiency Condensing Heater Tank

0 495 0 130.36 0.9 25,151.55 192.9 37.2

Duncan McIntosh Arena – Facility Totals 51,610 7,680 167 8,298.87 20.2 83,751.99

David Durward & CFA

Lighting Upgrade: T12 to T8 High Performance System

3,184 0 0 446.51 0.9 5,535.34 12.4 2.0 2015

Lighting Upgrade: LEDs 50,546 0 0 6,425.35 14.4 13,673.19 2.1 2.0 2015

Lighting Upgrade: 32W T8 to 25W T8 6,187 0 0 920.06 1.8 2,683.66 2.9 3.0 2015

Lighting Controls: Occupancy Sensors 29,294 0 0 3,210.59 8.3 10,215.40 3.2 3.0 2015

Lighting Controls: Install Photocells for Daylighting

1,570 0 0 172.07 0.4 591.17 3.4 3.1 2015

Insulate Piping 0 266 0 61.18 0.6 222.99 3.6 3.3 2015

Install Low Flow Water Fixtures 0 0 55 188.65 0.0 916.99 4.9 4.0 2015

Install VFD on P-3 9,636 0 0 1,056.14 2.7 7,935.23 4.5 5.0 2015

Install Thermostatic Control in Penthouse Rooms

0 769 0 176.83 1.6 1,423.90 8.1 6.7 2015

Install VFD on Cooling Tower Fan 7,276 0 0 797.47 2.1 11,220.02 14.1 7.0 2015

Seal Boiler Vent Riser in Penthouse 52 287 0 71.72 0.6 743.86 10.4 8.3 2015

Upgrade Temperature Control 5,860 4,914 0 1,772.56 12.0 23,213.69 13.1 10.0 2015

Replace MUA-1 11,123 6,716 0 2,827.00 17.2 111,410.71 39.4 13.3 2015

Replace DHW Heater Tank 0 1,214 0 279.32 2.5 9,379.42 33.6 13.5 2015

Install De-Stratification Fan in Toyota Room

0 1,577 0 362.80 3.3 7,214.40 19.9 13.8 2015

June 2014 38

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided

Replace Boiler 0 2,592 0 596.16 5.4 82,312.95 138.1 14.7 2015

Install Building Automation System 5,199 1,436 0 899.98 4.5 33,340.92 37.0 23.0 2015

Install Demand Control Ventilation 6,433 3,964 0 1,616.81 10.1 95,703.18 55.7 36.1 2015

David Durward & CFA – Facility Totals 136,360 23,735 55 21,881.19 88.5 417,737.02

WG Johnson Pool


30,881 0 0 3,384.56 3.4 9,896.37 2.9 2.7


Seal and Insulate Fan Housing 2,677 0 0 293.35 0.3 1,228.49 4.2 3.7

Replace Rooftop Equipment 7,987 14,376 0 4,804.05 28.1 231,381.50 48.2 5.2

Re-Commission BAS 9,163 506 0 1,135.84 2.0 8,010.38 7.1 6.0

Replace Tank Toilets 0 0 142 486.20 0.0 5,029.43 10.3 8.3

Replace Heating Boilers 0 7,710 0 2,004.48 14.6 94,988.45 47.4 8.3

Install De-Stratification Fans in Gym 375 1,814 0 512.74 3.5 6,351.85 12.4 9.6

Install VFD on P-20 & 21 2,561 0 0 280.65 0.3 5,553.08 19.8 9.6

Replace Slide Pump 1,000 0 0 109.60 0.1 7,715.74 70.4 29.7

WG Johnson Pool – Facility Totals 60,122 24,405 142 13,737.27 52.8 373,109.12

John Dolson Pool

Brick Up West Windows in Link 0 578 0 144.24 1.1 15,341.85 106.4 0.9


Install VFD on Pool Pump 34,339 0 0 4,260.17 3.8 16,565.46 3.9 3.5

Insulate Heating Hot Water Pipe 0 318 0 79.40 0.6 316.73 4.0 3.6

Install Programmable Thermostat in Vestibule

0 220 0 54.87 0.4 280.70 5.1 4.5

Install Vending Machine Motion Sensor 836 0 0 91.64 0.1 503.98 5.5 4.8


7,695 0 0 843.41 0.8 5,440.65 6.5 5.5

Re-Balance Pool Ventilation 92 3,291 0 860.30 6.2 5,840.49 6.8 5.8

Replace RTU and Increase Sizing 0 267 0 66.53 0.5 18,332.86 275.6 8.6

June 2014 39

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided

Re-Seal Envelope 33 201 0 53.86 0.4 840.42 15.6 9.0

Install Building Automation System 11,426 2,644 0 2,545.19 6.3 74,344.34 29.2 16.2

John Dolson Pool – Facility Totals 85,726 7,520 0 13,041.22 23.7 150,177.80

Transportation and Public Works

Water Conservation: Replace Remaining High Flow Tank Toilets with Dual Flush Units, Install Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators

0 321 172 675.35 0.6 1,108.73 1.6 1.5

Install Programmable Thermostats: Welding Shop

0 454 0 121.75 0.9 440.00 3.6 3.3

Capital Upgrade: Replace RTU-54 and RTU-57

506 232 0 110.62 0.5 58,549.15 529.3 4.9

Building Envelope: Replace Weather Stripping Around Entrances and Service Bay Doors

0 589 0 157.93 1.1 1,387.38 8.8 7.2

Install BAS, Implement Demand Control Ventilation

3,595 10,745 0 3,223.40 20.7 116,315.49 36.1 18.6

Transportation and Public Works – Facility Totals 4,100 12,343 172 4,289.06 23.8 177,800.75

City Hall

Re-Commission S-5 MUA Unit for Adherence to ASHRAE Ventilation Standards

0 5,462 0 1,420.05 10.3 3,973.59 2.8 2.6

Implement Optimal Start/Stop of S-5 MUA

3,128 2,772 0 973.04 5.6 3,328.07 3.4 3.1

Control Vestibule Temperature Through BAS

0 1,166 0 303.11 2.2 4,358.18 14.4 9.7

Boiler Upgrade: Install Linkageless Controls

0 3,194 0 830.43 6.0 37,950.00 45.7 28.1

Building Envelope: Adjust Vestibule Doors, Replace Weather-stripping

0 38 0 9.83 0.1 491.62 50.0 30.6

City Hall – Facility Totals 3,128 12,631 0 3,536.45 24.2 50,101.47

Historic City Hall

Lighting Upgrade: Install LED Exit Signs 629 0 0 60.13 0.1 125.88 2.1 1.9


3,348 0 0 320.07 0.4 5,720.10 17.9 6.3

Install High Efficiency Boilers and Controls

0 2,243 0 583.00 4.2 64,424.00 107.1 10.6

June 2014 40

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided

Install first floor storm windows 0 1,843 0 479.00 3.5 8,137.00 17.0 12.3

Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 187 0 0 18.00 0.0 328.00 18.3 13.0

Install Demand Control Ventilation 0 4,337 0 1,128.00 8.2 20,687.00 18.3 13.0

Install BAS 1,182 631 0 277.00 1.3 57,488.00 207.4 123.9

Historic City Hall – Facility Totals 5,346 9,054 0 2,865.20 17.6 156,909.98

Old Fire Hall

Insulate DHW Tank and Piping 467 0 0 46.70 0.1 185.25 4.0 3.6

Lighting Upgrade: Incandescent to CFL 777 0 0 77.70 0.1 432.89 5.6 4.9

Re-Insulate Attic 4,609 0 0 460.95 0.5 2,819.18 6.1 5.3

Seal/Insulate Wall Joints 1,066 0 0 106.57 0.1 660.54 6.2 5.3


2,188 0 0 218.80 0.2 5,132.94 23.5 7.9

Replace Heating and Cooling Systems 37,023 -202 0 3,650.02 3.7 101,997.68 27.9 10.2

Old Fire Hall – Facility Totals 46,130 -202 0 4,560.74 4.7 111,228,48

Market Building

Replace Unit Heaters 0 731 0 182.89 1.4 23,654.38 129.3 1.0

Replace Thermostats 2,237 952 0 452.04 2.0 2,034.35 4.5 4.0

Insulate DHW Tanks and Piping 914 0 0 87.39 0.1 586.04 6.7 5.7


3,884 0 0 371.31 0.4 7,406.19 19.9 6.9

Replace DHW Heater Tanks 9,461 -1,049 0 642.11 -0.9 20,558.65 32.0 10.0

Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 303 0 0 28.97 0.0 351.67 12.1 9.4

Refurbish Windows 30 1,234 0 311.56 2.3 16,424.06 52.7 26.3

Market Building – Facility Totals 16,829 1,868 0 2,076.26 5.4 71,015.34

Cambridge Arts Theatre

Install Fridge Timer 4,194 0 0 335.52 0.5 329.88 1.0 0.9

Lighting Upgrade: LED Exit Signs 8,177 0 0 718.18 0.9 1,707.57 2.4 2.1

Lighting Upgrade: Incandescent to CFL 3,871 0 0 404.06 0.4 1,262.75 3.1 2.9

Replace Exhaust Fans 50 10 0 6.30 0.0 491.77 78.1 3.1

June 2014 41

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided

Insulate Water Tank and Piping 690 0 0 55.21 0.1 217.22 3.9 3.5

Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 16,031 0 0 1,579.48 1.8 6,348.12 4.0 3.6

Reduce Combustion Air Duct Size 193 60 0 29.37 0.1 161.89 5.5 4.8

Install Occupancy Sensor Thermostats 1,182 764 0 270.32 1.6 2,821.88 10.4 8.3


830 0 0 84.22 0.1 2,114.13 25.1 8.4

Install Demand Control Ventilation 82 1,174 0 276.57 2.2 3,203.68 11.6 9.1


558 0 0 44.61 0.1 539.80 12.1 9.4

Install Door Sweeps and Weather Stripping

2 50 0 11.64 0.1 142.25 12.2 9.5

Water Fixtures Upgrade 0 0 9 30.77 0.0 422.89 13.7 10.4

Cambridge Arts Theatre – Facility Totals 35,680 2,058 9 3,846.24 7.8 19,763.83

Fire Department 1 - Main

Install Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators 0 2 166 570.87 0.0 150.65 0.3 0.3

Operate Existing Destratification Fans -596 344 0 24.40 0.6 38.95 1.6 1.5


19,025 0 0 2,491.79 2.1 11,401.88 4.6 1.7


35,781 0 0 3,921.59 3.9 8,366.93 2.1 2.0

Lighting Upgrade: LED exit signs 822 0 0 102.76 0.1 262.70 2.6 2.3

Lighting Conversion: Incandescent and Halogen to LED

9,922 0 0 1,244.54 1.1 2,997.09 2.4 2.2


Capital Upgrade EOL: Replace Rooftop Unit

386 302 0 121.23 0.6 24,481.09 201.9 3.9

Insulate Exposed DHW Piping (Basement)

0 94 0 24.59 0.2 110.67 4.5 4.0

Lighting Upgrade: Install T5HO in Apparatus Room

6,901 0 0 856.43 0.8 4,250.94 5.0 4.4

Install Automated Bay Doors 0 2,609 0 681.44 4.9 5,249.75 7.7 6.4

June 2014 42

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided Install High Efficiency DHW Heater (Basement)

0 582 0 152.07 1.1 28,798.06 189.4 21.4

Fuel Conversion: Install Gas Fired Furnace in Maintenance Office

1,042 -116 0 83.92 -0.1 7,417.61 88.4 53.4

Fire Department 1 – Main – Facility Totals 79,425 3,817 166 11,098.40 16 96,546.40

Fire Department 2 and Hespeler Centre

Lighting Upgrade: CFLs 68 0 0 6.50 0.0 3.71 0.6 0.5


9,546 0 0 912.60 1.1 2,809.06 3.1 1.7

Insulate Exposed Heating Hot Water Piping in Boiler Room

0 317 0 81.84 0.6 216.51 2.6 2.4


Building Envelope: Install/Repair Door Weather-stripping

0 132 0 34.10 0.2 138.60 4.1 3.6

Water Conservation: Install Dual Flush Toilets and Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators

0 0 125 428.07 0.0 2,142.13 5.0 4.4

Lighting Conversion: Install LED"s 4,469 0 0 427.24 0.5 2,291.58 5.4 4.7


6,388 0 0 610.67 0.7 4,318.42 7.1 6.0

Install Programmable Thermostats 0 901 0 232.67 1.7 2,431.93 10.5 8.4

Install A Lead Condensing Boiler 0 4,275 0 1,104.27 8.1 57,006.13 51.6 15.0

Re-caulk window frames 0 486 0 125.53 0.9 7,245.32 57.7 35.2

Fire Department 2 and Hespeler Centre – Facility Totals

23,925 6,111 125 4,293.69 14.2 79,693.62

Fire Department 3 & ARC

ARC: Unplug Chest Freezer When Not In Use

491 0 0 40.30 0.1 27.50 0.7 0.7

Water Conservation: Fix Running Urinal 0 65 245 857.01 0.1 1,001.85 1.2 1.1

Install Exhaust Fan Timers, EF-1, EF-2, ARC

1,459 3,065 0 943.40 6.0 1,857.73 2.0 1.8

Insulate DHW Piping, West Basement 474 0 0 38.91 0.1 94.91 2.4 2.3

Capital Upgrade, EOL: Replace Rooftop Units

0 887 0 238.33 1.7 93,199.07 391.1 2.9

June 2014 43

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided Lighting Controls: Install Occupancy Sensors

36,943 0 0 3,035.24 4.1 11,605.74 3.8 3.4

Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 5,285 0 0 434.22 0.6 2,067.03 4.8 4.2

Water Conservation: Replace Remaining High Flow Tank Toilets and 2.2 GPM Aerators

0 0 56 191.40 0.0 1,056.91 5.5 4.8

Install High Efficiency Boilers and Controls

0 9,684 0 2,602.20 18.3 128,415.18 49.3 4.8

Lighting Upgrade: T12 to T5HO High bays in Fire hall Garage

9,173 0 0 753.65 1.0 6,687.55 8.9 5.0


12,192 0 0 1,001.69 1.3 14,015.90 14.0 5.1

Install Programmable Thermostats for Baseboard Heaters (Offices, Meeting Rooms, Woodshop)

0 2,764 0 742.70 5.2 5,240.31 7.1 6.0

Lighting Upgrade: CFLs 219 0 0 17.99 0.0 190.09 10.6 7.6


Fire Department 3 & ARC – Facility Totals 72,648 16,465 301 11,423.94 39.1 270,606.78

Fire Department 4

Water Conservation: Install Ultra Low Flow Faucet Aerators

0 338 45 242.16 0.6 122.33 0.5 0.5 2014


24,315 0 0 2,324.50 2.7 3,778.61 1.6 1.5 2014


2,785 0 0 266.25 0.3 2,089.03 7.8 3.0 2014

Lower Temperature in Ambulance Garage

0 0 0 47.54 0.3 161.89 3.4 3.1 2014

Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 1,695 0 0 162.04 0.2 596.63 3.7 3.3 2014

Lighting Upgrade: Incandescent lamps to CFLs

140 0 0 13.38 0.0 59.38 4.4 3.7 2014

Lighting Upgrade: T12 to T5HO High bays in Fire Hall Garage

4,123 0 0 394.16 0.5 5,180.60 13.1 7.3 2014

Install High Efficiency DHW Heater 0 149 0 38.42 0.3 12,198.10 317.5 25.0 2014

Building Envelope: Increase Exterior Wall Insulation, Dorm Room

0 210 0 54.25 0.4 2,347.81 43.3 26.6 2014

June 2014 44

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided

Fire Department 4 – Facility Totals 33,058 696 45 3,542.70 5.3 26,534.38

Fire Department 5


0 158 23 117.20 0.3 61.17 0.5 0.5

Lighting Upgrade: Install CFLs 426 0 0 40.73 0.0 71.34 1.8 1.6


10,924 0 0 1,044.33 1.2 4,253.71 4.1 1.9


9,813 0 0 938.12 1.1 2,429.11 2.6 2.4

Correct Over Heating Issue in Apparatus Bay

0 324 0 81.49 0.6 329.39 4.0 3.4

Lighting Upgrade: 32WT8 to 25WT8 1,009 0 0 96.46 0.1 434.54 4.5 4.0

Building Envelope: Seal and Insulate Operable Window Sections in Kitchen/Lounge

0 68 0 17.12 0.1 615.35 35.9 22.3

Building Envelope: Increase Insulation on Exterior Walls, Dorm and Lounge Areas

0 405 0 101.96 0.8 3,841.86 37.7 23.3

Fire Department 5 – Facility Totals 22,172 956 23 2,437.42 4.2 12,036.47

Dunfield Theatre

Install Beverage Refrigerator Timers 1,765 0 0 142.45 0.2 217.67 1.5 1.4

Insulate DHW Piping 0 138 0 35.98 0.3 57.19 1.6 1.5

Lighting Conversion: Install LED's 45,352 0 0 4,497.29 5.0 7,421.68 1.7 1.5

Install VFD on MAU 5,190 1,126 0 711.68 2.7 3,425.68 4.8 4.2

Replace Weather-stripping 316 108 0 53.58 0.2 268.85 5.0 4.4

Install Occupancy Sensor Thermostats 6,894 1,047 0 828.67 2.7 7,341.04 8.9 7.3

Install Split Cooling System in Control Room

136 544 0 152.45 1.0 1,499.72 9.8 7.9

Install De-Stratification Fans in Theatre -3,972 4,523 0 855.49 8.1 10,643.67 12.4 9.6

Seal Distribution Ducting 663 65 0 70.41 0.2 1,475.30 21.0 14.4

Dunfield Theatre – Facility Totals 56,344 7,552 0 7,348.00 20.5 32,350.80

Library - Main


0 0 0 2,344.17 1.8 12,636.89 5.4 2.7

June 2014 45

Facility



($)



Year of Imple-ment


Electricity (kWh)

Natural Gas (m3)

Water (m3)

Annual Total

Energy Savings ($)

Annual Tonnes

CO2e

Avoided Lighting Conversion: Incandescent and Halogen to LED

0 0 0 5,922.39 4.6 15,380.69 2.6 3.1

Capital Upgrade: Replace Rooftop Unit 0 -954 0 827.72 -0.7 40,652.91 49.1 6.7


0 0 0 93.33 0.1 809.70 8.7 7.1

Lighting Upgrade: Mercury Vapor to LED

0 0 0 684.56 0.7 6,560.09 9.6 7.8

Implement Demand Control Ventilation 0 10,390 0 3,030.99 20.0 34,604.14 11.4 9.0

Install High Efficiency Boiler, Re-Pipe to Injection Loop

0 8,488 0 2,206.96 16.0 118,212.30 53.6 10.2

Install a Comprehensive BAS 0 2,972 0 3,504.61 8.4 231,557.37 66.1 40.1

Library – Main – Facility Totals 0 20,897 0 18,614.73 50.8 460,414.08

Library - Hespeler

Lighting Conversion: Halogen to LED's 5,734 0 0 809.60 0.6 2,077.86 2.6 2.4

Lighting Controls: Install Photocell 1,211 0 0 132.73 0.1 281.15 2.1 2.0

Install Weather-stripping in Vestibule 842 0 0 92.23 0.1 519.98 5.6 4.9

Implement Demand Control Ventilation 8,716 4,455 0 2,113.51 9.4 12,240.96 5.8 5.0

Lower Space Temperatures 0 698 0 181.38 1.3 - 0.0 0.0

Solar Glazing on Exterior Wall Windows 6,439 0 0 705.72 0.7 9,185.25 13.0 10.0

Library – Hespeler – Facility Totals 22,942 5,152 0 4,035.17 12.3 24,305.19

Library - Preston


Lighting Conversion: Halogen to LED's 8,716 0 0 833.25 1.0 3,735.08 4.5 4.0

Implement Demand Control Ventilation 1,212 2,607 0 793.64 5.1 15,234.76 19.2 13.5

Install Radiator Reflectors 0 402 0 104.55 0.8 575.47 5.5 4.8

Building Envelope: Replace Single Pane Windows

0 1,208 0 314.15 2.3 17,222.34 54.8 33.5


0 59 36 138.35 0.1 114.54 0.8 0.8

Library – Preston – Facility Totals 13,009 4,276 36 2,478.48 9.5 39,866.85

Grand Total – All Buildings 1,347,055 255,135 2,232 221,957.31 670.8 3,617,344.84

June 2014 46

Appendix C: Completing and Ongoing Initiatives to Support

Corporate-Wide Energy and GHG Reduction Goals

Name of Program / Initiative

Status Brief Description of Initiative

Annual Energy Savings (GJ)

Annual GHG Savings (t)

Return on Investment (Yrs)

LEED Gold Policy

Complete. Implemented in 2012

The City of Cambridge implemented a LEED Gold Policy for all new buildings and renovations.

City Hall LEED Gold

Complete

The City of Cambridge has shown leadership in sustainability by developing the first city hall in Canada with Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification – expected annual energy cost savings of approx. 42% relative to baseline building.

Energy Conservation Reserve Fund

Ongoing

Geothermal – W.G. Johnson

Complete Installation of geothermal system.

1100

55 7.5

W.G. Johnson Complete Replace all lights with T8 lighting.

Public Works - Solar Panels

Complete 20 kw solar system installed at Public Works

93.6 21 5

Public Works - Solar Panels

In progress Application submitted for a 35 kw solar system expansion at Public Works

36 5

Public Works – Building Envelope

Complete Insulate and replacement of siding

198 10

Galt Arena In progress Replacement of dehumidification System

0.6

Galt Little Theatre

In progress Replacement of old furnace

Elgin Street Workshop

In Progress LEED Gold Building with geothermal

Hespeler Arena Complete

- Dehumidification System - Hot Water Boiler - Heat Exchangers (brine chiller) - Snow Melting System - T5 Lighting

460

219.3 70.2

1065

25.6

12.3 16.7

59.9

Duncan McIntosh Arena

Complete

- Dehumidification System - Furnace - Lighting - Cladding

230

219.7

12.88

16.12

June 2014 47






Karl Homuth Arena

Complete

- Dehumidification System - Furnace - Heat Exchangers

460

219.7 52.65

25.78

16.12 12.5

Dickson Arena Complete

- Dehumidification System - Furnace - Heat Exchangers - Cladding

230

219.7 52.65

12.88

16.12 12.5

Preston Arena Complete - Dehumidification System - Furnace

460

219.7

25.78

16.12

Galt Arena Complete - Roofing - Snow Melting System

1065

10 59.9

Tree Planting Program

Ongoing

Cambridge Stewardship calculates annual GHG reduction (from that year’s planting of trees ONLY, not all vegetation) and annual GHG going forward (80 years, as the lifespan of a tree) based on Tree Canada methodology and extremely conservative estimates/calculations.

1.41 metric tonnes of C02

in 2012, and each year

going forward until 2092

Reviewed once the tree

canopy assessment study done

Cambridge City Green Workshops

Ongoing

Cambridge City Green Workshops and Movie Nights: climate change (2007), local food (2008), sustainable development (2009), climate change (2010), peak oil / water sustainability / individuals driving change (2011), EV cars (2012), societal sustainability (2013)

No GHG, although one

year the group offset

its GHG footprint for

the event

n/a

Public Works - Lighting

Concept Stage

Replacement of old lights in Public Works Vehicle Barn.

Anti-Idling By-Law

Complete

City of Cambridge anti-idling corporate policy 2005/2006 and by-law 2010.

GHG and $ payback can be estimated for fleet. For by-law, GHG

may be coarsely

estimated based on

other municipalities

but no $ payback

Automatic Vehicle Locator

City of Cambridge: Automatic Vehicle Locator & Salt Management Program

June 2014 48






Travelwise

LED Streetlight Boxwood Subdivision Pilot Project – to be launched in 2013.

Bikeway Network Master Plan

Parking Master Plan

Transportation Master Plan

Sustainable Procurement Policy

Complete Sustainable procurement policy was implemented in 2013 for all City purchases.

iCompass Software

Complete City of Cambridge: iCompass software to provide a paperless system for report preparation

Earth Hour Ongoing

The City of Cambridge participates in “the global Earth Hour event and will contribute to the overall goal to save energy and raise awareness of energy savings measures.

June 2014 49

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June 2014 50

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trees/the-benefits-of-trees.php

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http://www.canopy.org/pages/about-trees/the-benefits-of-trees.php

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