Clean Clean Clean vehiclesvehiclesvehicles & & & FuelsFuelsFuels
in Stockholmin Stockholmin Stockholm
Jonas Ericson
Clean Vehicles in
Stockholm
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
”The improvement in city conditions by the
general adoption of the motor car can hardly
be overestimated.
Streets clean, dustless and odourless, with
light rubber-tyred vehicles moving swiftly
and noiselessly over their smooth expanse,
would eliminate a great deal of the nervosity,
irritation and stress in modern city-life”
Scientific American, May 1899
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
1. Introduce the vehicles on the market– National Electric Vehicle – Renault Clio 150 cars
– International Electric Vehicles – Citroën Berlingo 350 cars
– National Ethanol car – Ford Focus 3,000
– National Ethanol Van – VW Caddy
– National Electric Vehicle procurement – several models – 6,000 cars/vans
2.Buy your own vehicles– National Municipal Vehicle – 5,000 clean cars
– National Municipal Vehicle – X,000 clean cars
– Own Municipal Vehicle – 900 clean cars
Procurements
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
3. Make others buy– Taxi for municipal officers/politicians
– Passenger transport – schools, handicapped, elderly etc
– Waste collection
– Organic waste collection
– Security service
– Courier service
Procurements
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
© 2005, Carl Bro AB - sida 8 - 19 jul -11
The Berlingo procurement
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
© 2005, Carl Bro AB - sida 9 - 19 jul -11
Specification: – electric or hybrid-electric – range 80 km BEV, 40 km in battery mode HEV
International group of buyers through the ZEUS project Citroën Berlingo Electrique + Fiat Seicento Elettra were
selected plus Peugeot 106 Electric for UK – 1st EV in UK
Battery leasing was a new concept
In total 350 vehicles.
Price excl batteries conventional vehicles
Some problems with batteries and spare parts but all in all a
functional vehicle
The Berlingo procurement (1997 --99)
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
© 2005, Carl Bro AB - sida 10 - 19 jul -11
The Focus procurement
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
© 2005, Carl Bro AB - sida 11 - 19 jul -11
The Focus procurement (1998 - 2002)
Specification: – Medium sized E85-vehicle– fulfill Euro 4-standard
Volvo and Ford interested Volvo did not tender (limited experience made it too risky) Ford required orders of at least 4 000 vehicles City of Stockholm started a campaign to join buyers In the end 3,000 buyers registered = OK from Ford Ford Focus flexifuel introduced on Swedish market Price € 550 below the petrol version
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Elhybrider Gas E85 Elbilar Snåla
Number of clean car models in Sweden
1994-2008Källa: Miljöbilar i Stockholm och Konsumentverket
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
SIDAN 13
No of Clean Cars in Stockholm
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Ethanol
Biogas
Hybrid electric
Small Petrol&Diesel
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
Ethanol cars in Sweden
Cars:
• Audi A3, A4
• Cadillac BLS Sedan/Kombi
• Chevrolet Uplander 7sitts
• Citroen C4, C5 Sedan/Kombi
• Dodge Journey 7
• Ford Focus Sedan/Combisedan/kombi, C-Max, S-Max, Galaxy
• Peugeot 307, 308 Combisedan/Kombi, 407 Sedan/Kombi
• Renault Clio, Megane Combisedan/Kombi, Kangoo kombi/skåp
• Seat Altea, Altea XL, Leon
• Skoda Octavia Sedan/Kombi
• Saab 9-5 Sedan/kombi, 9-3 Sedan/Kombi
• Volkswagen Golf Combisedan/Kombi, Golf Plus, Jetta, Caddy
• Volvo C30, S40, V50, V70, S80
• Mitsubishi Colt & Outlander
• Skoda Superb
• Dacia
http://www.miljofordon.se/fordon/detail.aspx?fordonid=564
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
Biomethane cars in Sweden
Cars:
• VW Caddy Ecofuel• VW Touran Ecofuel• VW Transporter• Renault Kangoo• Opel Combo CNG• Opel Zafira CNG• Fiat Doblo Cargo• Fiat Punto Bi-Power• Mercedes E200 NGT• Mercedes B170 NGT• IVECO Daily CNG• Citroen C3 CNG• Citroen C5• Fiat Ducato & Grande Punto
• VW Passat Man & Caddy Maxi
• Opel Zafira Turbo CNG
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
Electric hybrid cars in Sweden
• Toyota Prius HSD
• Peugeot 308 Hdi
• Honda Civic Hybrid
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
Filling stations for E85 in Sweden 2001- 2008
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
Procurement setup A formal technical procurement of BEVs and PHEVS
Slightly different rules for public and private procurers
1. Testfleet of 50 vehicles in 2011
2. Procurement
3. First 1 000 vehicles get 25 % co-funding of incremental cost
4. Co-funded cars evaluated on driving range, battery durability,
capacity, actual E-drive etc
Total budget 248 mio SEK ( 25 mio €)
National funding 62 mio SEK ( 6.5 mio €)
18
Clean Vehicles in Stockholm
CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLMENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADMwww.miljobilar.stockholm.se
Who are the buyers?
303 entities registred to buy one or several EVs!
– 247 public entities
– 56 private companies
1,370 vehicles/year for 3+1 year = 4,000 – 5,500 total
– 870 by public entities
• 570 passenger cars +300 transporters
– 500 by private companies
• 300 passenger cars + 200 transporters
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Clean Vehicles in Stockholm