Coal NotesCoal Notes

Take out your notes and answer Take out your notes and answer these questions….in writing!these questions….in writing!

What is a non-renewable resource?What is a non-renewable resource?

Give some examples…Give some examples…

What is a renewable resource?What is a renewable resource?

Give some examples…Give some examples…

What are Resources?What are Resources? Renewable Renewable

resources resources -- resources replaced as resources replaced as they usedthey used– Ex. Water, plants Ex. Water, plants

(trees), air, sun(trees), air, sun Nonrenewable Nonrenewable

Resources Resources -- have a have a limited supplylimited supply– Ex. Minerals and Fossil Ex. Minerals and Fossil

fuelsfuels

What are Fossil Fuels?What are Fossil Fuels? Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels – Forms of stored energy – Forms of stored energy

that are remains of living things made that are remains of living things made primarily of carbon and hydrogen through primarily of carbon and hydrogen through the process of the process of carbonizationcarbonization. . – Ex. coal, oil, natural gasEx. coal, oil, natural gas

CarbonizationCarbonization CarbonizationCarbonization – The decomposition of – The decomposition of

plants releasing gases which change the plants releasing gases which change the chemical composition of the plants chemical composition of the plants leaving only carbon and hydrogen.leaving only carbon and hydrogen.

What is Coal?What is Coal? Coal-Coal- formed formed

from partially from partially decomposed decomposed vegetation, vegetation, which is turned which is turned into solid brittle into solid brittle rock when it is rock when it is compressed compressed over a long over a long period of time.period of time.

Coal Facts You Should Know!Coal Facts You Should Know!

The most abundant The most abundant fossil fuelfossil fuel

5-10 ft of 5-10 ft of decomposed decomposed material makes material makes about 1 ft of coalabout 1 ft of coal

Less than half the Less than half the price per million price per million BTU than oil and BTU than oil and natural gas.natural gas.

Coal Fast FactsCoal Fast Facts 1 lb. of coal can power 10-100 watt light bulbs for an 1 lb. of coal can power 10-100 watt light bulbs for an

hourhour Should last for about Should last for about 250250 years at the current rate of years at the current rate of

useuse Use decreased during the 40’s and 50’s because oil and Use decreased during the 40’s and 50’s because oil and

gas were easier to usegas were easier to use Use has been increasing since the Arab Oil Embargo of Use has been increasing since the Arab Oil Embargo of

19731973

Oil Embargo- 1973-74Oil Embargo- 1973-74

News CastNews Cast

More Coal Fast FactsMore Coal Fast Facts It is now used mainly for It is now used mainly for

the generation of the generation of electricityelectricity

In 1997 it was responsible In 1997 it was responsible for 31% of the nation’s for 31% of the nation’s energy consumptionenergy consumption

Mostly transported by Mostly transported by train or bargetrain or barge

China is the major China is the major producer and the U.S. is producer and the U.S. is secondsecond

Take out your notes…Take out your notes…

Try to draw a diagram of what a coal Try to draw a diagram of what a coal powerplant looks like…powerplant looks like…

How Coal Generates ElectricityHow Coal Generates Electricity

Coal Factory AnimationCoal Factory Animation

Problems with CoalProblems with Coal

In your books (pg 436) describe In your books (pg 436) describe each of the following…each of the following…

PeatPeat

LigniteLignite

SubbituminousSubbituminous

BituminousBituminous

AnthraciteAnthracite

Coke (on back of notes sheet)Coke (on back of notes sheet)

Problems with Coal…Problems with Coal… Contains Contains sulfursulfur causing causing

air pollution when air pollution when burned. burned.

Makes acid rain!Makes acid rain!

High amounts of air High amounts of air pollution (CO2 and pollution (CO2 and SO2) are given off by SO2) are given off by coal power plants.coal power plants.

Causes Causes moremore air air pollution when burned pollution when burned than any other fossil than any other fossil fuelfuel

Coal MiningCoal Mining Underground miningUnderground mining::

dangerous, collapsed dangerous, collapsed mines, fires, gas mines, fires, gas explosions, and black explosions, and black lung (lungs are coated lung (lungs are coated in coal dust)in coal dust)

Strip MiningStrip Mining - the - the overlying layer of overlying layer of rock is stripped to get rock is stripped to get to the coal from the to the coal from the surface. surface.

this is cheaper, safer, this is cheaper, safer, and yields 3x’s more and yields 3x’s more coal than underground coal than underground miningmining

Centrailia and an ExplosionCentrailia and an Explosion

Centralia VideoCentralia Video

Mine Explosion VideoMine Explosion Video

Problems with Problems with Strip MiningStrip Mining

Less than one-half of the Less than one-half of the mines have been mines have been reclaimedreclaimed……

restored to their natural staterestored to their natural state

Acid Mine Drainage:Acid Mine Drainage: (AMD) is when water reacts (AMD) is when water reacts with mineral in the open with mineral in the open mine forming highly acidic mine forming highly acidic water pollution the water pollution the environment killing aquatic environment killing aquatic organisms and waterfowlorganisms and waterfowl

AMD in PAAMD in PA

AMD IN PA AMD IN PA

Solutions to Coal UseSolutions to Coal Use Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires that mined land Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires that mined land

be restored to its primary use (forest, field, etc.)be restored to its primary use (forest, field, etc.)

Clean Air Act of 1990 forces companies to reduce the emissions Clean Air Act of 1990 forces companies to reduce the emissions (release) of SO2 and NO2 when burning coal(release) of SO2 and NO2 when burning coal

More coal in this country is coming from the mid-west instead of the More coal in this country is coming from the mid-west instead of the east because it contains less sulfureast because it contains less sulfur

New technologies are being invented to reduce air pollutants from New technologies are being invented to reduce air pollutants from coal (scrubber - sprays the gas with lime or calcium water binding the coal (scrubber - sprays the gas with lime or calcium water binding the SO2, causing it to settle out – expensive process to install)SO2, causing it to settle out – expensive process to install)

***Using natural gas is cleaner because it releases one-half the CO2 ***Using natural gas is cleaner because it releases one-half the CO2 and SO2 of coaland SO2 of coal

Synthetic FuelsSynthetic Fuels

Fuels produced by chemically Fuels produced by chemically changing fossil fuels like coal. They changing fossil fuels like coal. They are cleaner burningare cleaner burning

In your books, pg 446, find the notes In your books, pg 446, find the notes for…for…

Liquid CoalLiquid CoalCoal GasCoal GasOil ShaleOil Shale

FrackingFracking

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1pCvdOg0Cec&feature=fvst v=1pCvdOg0Cec&feature=fvst