Cold War: overview

11.7.8 and 11.9

Focus Question 1

Analyze the effect of massive aid given to Western Europe under the Marshall Plan to rebuild itself after the war and the importance of a rebuilt Europe to the U.S. economy.

Focus Question 2

Analyze U.S. foreign policy since World War II.

Cold WAR USSR leaders

Joseph Stalin

Ruled USSR

1924-1953

Nikita Khrushchev Leonid Brezhnev

1953 – 1964 1964-1982

Mikhail Gorbachev1985 - 1991

US Presidents

Think, answer and share

• How many USSR leaders from 1945 – 1991?

• Compare that to the United States Presidents?

• Why is there such a big difference?

• Predict : Will the policy toward the USSR change with the different leaders? Why?

Cold War

• Tensions

• No direct fire exchanged

• how does the cold war manifest between the USSR and US?– Through proxy wars

definition

• noun, plural prox·ies.

• 1. the agency, function, or power of a person authorized to act as the deputy or substitute for another.

• 2. the person so authorized; substitute; agent.

Proxy Wars

• The Cold War was fought by substitutes or proxies.

• Which wars?– Turkey– Greece– Korea– Vietnam– Afghanistan

• All proxy wars

What does this mean?

• If their troops were in the region ours were not , but our MONEY AND WEAPONS WERE.

• If OUR troops were in the fighting region THEIRs were not, but their MONEY and WEAPONS WERE!!

• No direct shots fired between USSR military and the USA military

How do the tensions build?

• Conferences at Yalta and Potsdam

• Free elections in E. Europe

• Berlin Airlift• The separation of

Germany permanently• Berlin Airlift• Greek and Turkey• NATO• Warsaw Pact

• 1949 China falls to Mao and the Communists

• Korean War• SEATO• USSR obtains the atomic

bomb Sept. 2, 1949• Arms race• Oct. 4, 1957, Sputnik

US Response

1. Marshal Plan2. NATO est.3. Truman Doctrine4. Containment Policy

- Korean War first extension of this policy5. Domino Theory6. SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty

Organization)

US Response

1. Massive retaliation - threat to use nuclear weapons

2. Arms race

3. NASA created

4. JFK promises we will be the first on the moon