Confined space Detailed Training For Entrants.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


COURSE OBJECTIVE

• To Understand what is confined spaceTo Understand what is confined space• Definition of confined spacesDefinition of confined spaces• Assessment of the risk of confined spacesAssessment of the risk of confined spaces• Operating procedures in a confined spaceOperating procedures in a confined space• Need for PTW and attachment of Need for PTW and attachment of

certificates.certificates.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


What is a Confined Space?A Space that:

• Is large enough to enter bodily and perform work;

• Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;

• Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Examples of Confined Spaces

Confined/Enclosed space may include:• Tanks• Manholes• Furnaces• Silos• Cellar

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Confined Space Examples Continued

• Vaults• Pipes• Trenches• Tunnels• Ducts• Bins• Pits

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011



Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


What are the Hazards in a Confined Space?• Explosive atmosphere

• Toxic atmosphere• Engulfment• Asphyxiation/Suffocation• Slips and fall• Chemical exposure• Extreme temperature• Thermal / Chemical

burns• Noise and vibration

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Confined Space Hazards Continued:• Electricity/Mechanical

hazards:MixersCrushersUnderground Electrical

cables

• Others:

ScorpionsScorpions

Snakes etc.Snakes etc.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Symptoms of Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere• The air we normally breathe contains 21%

oxygen. Oxygen Deficient” atmosphere contains less than 19.5% oxygen. Here are warning symptoms to let you know you are in an oxygen deficient atmosphere:– 19.5 %19.5 % Minimum acceptable oxygen level. Minimum acceptable oxygen level.– 15 - 19%15 - 19% Decreased ability to work strenuously, Decreased ability to work strenuously,

impaired impaired judgment and coordination judgment and coordination – 12-14%12-14% Breathing difficulty. impaired judgment and Breathing difficulty. impaired judgment and

coordination coordination– 10-12%10-12% Respiration increases. Lips blue. Respiration increases. Lips blue.– 8-10%8-10% Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea Mental failure. Fainting. Nausea

Unconsciousness. Unconsciousness. – 4-6%4-6% Coma in 40 seconds and fatal death. Coma in 40 seconds and fatal death.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere• Oxygen level above 21%. Causes Oxygen level above 21%. Causes

flammable and combustible flammable and combustible materials to burn violently when materials to burn violently when ignited.ignited.

• Hair, clothing, materials, etc.Hair, clothing, materials, etc.• Oil soaked clothing and materials.Oil soaked clothing and materials.• Never use pure oxygen to Never use pure oxygen to

ventilate.ventilate.• Never store or place compressed Never store or place compressed

tanks in a confined space.tanks in a confined space.

23.5% Oxygen

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Toxic Atmosphere• “A “Toxic” atmosphere is an

atmosphere that has toxic gases present such as, Hydrogen Sulphide, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Benzene, Lead or Chromate compounds, etc..

• An atmosphere that exceeds the Permissible Exposure Level (PEL) for any substance

• presenting a threat of causing injury, acute illness or death due to the presence of flammable, toxic or otherwise injurious or incapacitating substances.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Flammable / Explosive Atmospheres• Critical Factors:Critical Factors:

– Petrol vapor betweenPetrol vapor between 1.4 % LEL1.4 % LEL toto 7.6 %7.6 % UEL withUEL with 92.4%- 92.4%- 98.6%98.6% air will result in air will result in explosion in the presence of an explosion in the presence of an ignition source.ignition source.

– BetweenBetween 5.o% LEL to 15.0% 5.o% LEL to 15.0% UELUEL of methane with 02 will of methane with 02 will result in an explosion in the result in an explosion in the presence of an ignition source presence of an ignition source

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Flammable / Explosive Atmospheres Continued:– The Presence of explosive dust The Presence of explosive dust

, gas vapor or flammable vapor , gas vapor or flammable vapor will lead to fire Or explosion in will lead to fire Or explosion in the presence of the following :the presence of the following :

– electrical spark or electrical spark or – welding and cutting and welding and cutting and

grinding operationsgrinding operations– SmokingSmoking

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Temperature Extremes• Extremely hot or cold Extremely hot or cold

temperatures.temperatures.• Steam cleaning of confined spaces.Steam cleaning of confined spaces.• Humidity factors.Humidity factors.• Extremely cold liquids.Extremely cold liquids.• Work processes inside the Work processes inside the

confined space can increase confined space can increase temperature extremes.temperature extremes.

• Personal protective equipment.Personal protective equipment.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Other Hazards• NoiseNoise

• Amplified due to acoustics within Amplified due to acoustics within the space.the space.

• Damaged hearing, affect Damaged hearing, affect communication.communication.

• SurfacesSurfaces• Slick / Wet, Slips and falls.Slick / Wet, Slips and falls.• Increased chance of electric shock.Increased chance of electric shock.

• Falling ObjectsFalling Objects• Topside opening exposes workers Topside opening exposes workers

inside confined space to falling inside confined space to falling objects.objects.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Permit Entry Systems• Written permit signed by entry supervisor.Written permit signed by entry supervisor.• Verifies pre-entry precautions have been Verifies pre-entry precautions have been

taken and the space is safe to enter.taken and the space is safe to enter.• Post at entry to confined space appropriate Post at entry to confined space appropriate

warning signs.warning signs.• Specifies apparent hazards and corrective Specifies apparent hazards and corrective

actions taken prior to entry.actions taken prior to entry.• Requires termination of permit when task Requires termination of permit when task

is completed or when new conditions exist.is completed or when new conditions exist.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Entry Permit Requirements• Date, location, and name of confined Date, location, and name of confined

space.space.• Purpose of entry and known hazards.Purpose of entry and known hazards.• Duration of entry permit time.Duration of entry permit time.• Authorized entrants, attendants, Authorized entrants, attendants,

supervisors.supervisors.• Air testing results - signature of Air testing results - signature of

tester.tester.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Entry Permit Requirements Continued:• Protective measures to be Protective measures to be

taken.taken.• Ventilation, Isolation, Ventilation, Isolation,

FlushingFlushing• Lockout / Tag out, PurgingLockout / Tag out, Purging• Rescue Emergency plan.Rescue Emergency plan.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Two options for Entering Confined Space

• Permit-Permit-required required confined confined space entryspace entry

– For hazardous For hazardous or potentially or potentially hazardous hazardous confined confined space workspace work

• Non-Non-permit permit confined confined space entryspace entry

– For non-For non-hazardous hazardous confined confined space workspace work

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


A Permit required Confined Space Has one or more of the following

characteristics:• Contains or has the potential to contain

hazardous/explosive atmospheres;• Contains materials that have the potential to

engulf an entrant;• Has an internal configuration such that an

entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated; or• Contains any other serious safety or health

hazards.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


A Non-Permit required Confined SpaceDoes not contain hazardous atmospheres, or have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing serious physical harm, injury or death such as:•Flammable / Explosive atmosphere• Toxic atmosphere• Oxygen deficient atmosphere• Oxygen enriched atmosphere• Mechanical or electrical hazards and others

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


A Permit confined space can be A Permit confined space can be changed to a Non-permit changed to a Non-permit confined space!confined space!

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Permit Required Confined Space Entry Procedure• Isolate the space

• Ventilate the space

• Conduct Toolbox-Meeting

• Complete permit• • Test the atmosphere

• Post signs to alert employees

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Permit Required Confined Space Entry Procedure Continued• Use barriers to keep

unauthorized persons out of confined spaces.

• Illuminate the space.• Establish communication• Enter the space

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Isolation• Locking and tagging out electrical or Locking and tagging out electrical or

mechanical sources.mechanical sources.• Shutting off a flow lineShutting off a flow line• Blanking and bleeding pneumatic and Blanking and bleeding pneumatic and

hydraulic lines.hydraulic lines.• Disconnecting mechanical drives and Disconnecting mechanical drives and

shafts.shafts.• Securing mechanical parts.Securing mechanical parts.• Blanking sewer and water flow.Blanking sewer and water flow.• Locking and tagging out shutoff valves.Locking and tagging out shutoff valves.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Ventilate

• Use mechanical ventilation if required such as: Fans and air horns for shallow confined spaces

• Make sure air supply is not contaminated and Ventilation air supply is from fresh air uncontaminated with flammables, toxins, etc.

• Use Artificial Respiratory Equipment for deep subsurface confined spaces

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Test The Atmosphere• Verify presence of safe work Verify presence of safe work

atmosphere.atmosphere.• Test all areas of a confined space.Test all areas of a confined space.• Top, Middle, BottomTop, Middle, Bottom• Methane is lighter than air.Methane is lighter than air.• Carbon Monoxide is the same as Carbon Monoxide is the same as

air.air.• Hydrogen Sulfide is heavier than Hydrogen Sulfide is heavier than

air.air.• Oxygen Deficiency.Oxygen Deficiency.

GOODAir

Poor Air

Deadly Air

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Entry Supervisor

• The employee responsible for coordinating the entry into the confined space.

• This must be a Supervisor ( Team Leader) or foreman.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Responsible Person• The person directly

responsible for the work being performed in the confined space.

• This can be the Team Leader, Foreman, journeyman, or other person qualified by training and experience.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Duties of Entry Supervisor• To assure adequate protection is provided to the entrants by

verifying adequate lockout / tag out and that all hazards are securely isolated.

• To support the attendant’s authority in controlling access of unauthorized persons to the confined space.

• To verify that all personnel have exited prior to closing the space.

• To assure that all personnel involved are aware of the hazards associated with the space.

• To assure that rescue services are available prior to entry.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Duties of Safety RepresentativeThe safety representative tests the

space for concentrations of known hazardous and harmful substances, such as:

• hydrogen sulfide,• carbon monoxide,• flammable liquid or gas vapor is measured to determine it

level

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Entrant/Attendant Definitions• The entrant is the person

who enters a confined space.

• The attendant is the person who stays with the entrant outside the confined space, and is responsible for assisting the entrant in exiting the confined space, and calling for emergency assistance when required.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Attendant Responsibilities• To monitor entrants during the job and

during entry & exit to help ensure their safety.

• The attendant may not abandon his post for any reason while personnel are in the space unless relieved by another qualified attendant

• To monitor atmospheric conditions in the space prior to and during entry.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Attendant Responsibilities• To control access to the confined space.

• To summon emergency assistance as needed.

• To assess hazards in and around the space, and take action on the same.

• To keep records of confined space work, such as air test results, personnel entry/exit, etc.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Communication Methods

• SightSight• VerbalVerbal• RadioRadio

If the loss of communication occurs, personnel must exit the space immediately!

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Personal Protective Equipment

• EyeEye• FallFall• HeadHead• HearingHearing• RespiratoryRespiratory

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Typical Example of PTW

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Means Of Entry

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Confined Space Means Of Entry• A means of entry must be

provided for both safe normal entry or exit , and emergency extrication.

• Tripods with hoist, lifeline, and full body harness are often used for emergency extrication.

• • Ladders may be used for

ordinary entry and exit.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Avoid these Common Confined Space Entry Mistakes• Re-enter area after work is completed, Re-enter area after work is completed,

without retesting air or wearing PPE.without retesting air or wearing PPE.• Workers thought they could hold their Workers thought they could hold their

breath long enoughbreath long enough• Contaminated air supply to breathing Contaminated air supply to breathing

devicedevice• Air hoses longer than the maximum of 75 Air hoses longer than the maximum of 75

meters (250) feetmeters (250) feet• Removing air mask inside the confined Removing air mask inside the confined

space because face piece fogged upspace because face piece fogged up• Using cleaning solvent in areas without Using cleaning solvent in areas without

proper ventilationproper ventilation• Disregarding call from the Attendant to Disregarding call from the Attendant to

leave the confined space.leave the confined space.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Rescue & Resuscitation• Provision of suitable rescue and Provision of suitable rescue and

resuscitation equipment is resuscitation equipment is necessary when Entrants are still necessary when Entrants are still working in the confined space.working in the confined space.

• Tripod – over 1.5m vertical dept Tripod – over 1.5m vertical dept with body safety harness. with body safety harness.

• Where such equipment are Where such equipment are provided for use, training of provided for use, training of rescuers in their correct rescuers in their correct operation is essential.operation is essential.

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Rescuers should be capable of using any equipment provided, such as:

• Breathing apparatus,Breathing apparatus,• Tripod / body safety harnessTripod / body safety harness• Firefighting equipment. Firefighting equipment. • Rescuers also need to be protected against the cause Rescuers also need to be protected against the cause

of the emergency.of the emergency.• It may be necessary to shut down adjacent plant It may be necessary to shut down adjacent plant

before attempting emergency rescue.before attempting emergency rescue.• First-aid proceduresFirst-aid procedures Trained first Aider need to be available to make Trained first Aider need to be available to make

proper use of any necessary first-aid equipment proper use of any necessary first-aid equipment providedprovided

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


When the Job is Done:• Remove all personnel, tools, and

debris from the space. • Sign-off the log.• Close the space and/or make

inaccessible.• Review the job done and cancel the

permit

Rev-01 Date: 28.04.2011


Don’t depend on luck!Don’t depend on luck!Test all confined spaces for Test all confined spaces for

hazards and complete all hazards and complete all Permits before entry!Permits before entry!

It’s a matter of life and death!Rev-01 Date:

28.04.2011

Date post:	20-Aug-2015
Category:	Health & Medicine
Upload:	poorna-prakash-bhashyam
View:	3,886 times
Download:	2 times

Confined space Detailed Training For Entrants.

Health & Medicine