| Date post: | 24-Dec-2015 |
| Category: |
Documents |
| Upload: | georgiana-joseph |
| View: | 217 times |
| Download: | 0 times |
Crown Prince Fredrik of Denmark and Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden
THE GRAND ROYAL OPENINGTHE GRAND ROYAL OPENINGOF THE ÖRESUND BRIDGEOF THE ÖRESUND BRIDGE
July 1July 1stst 2000 2000
The Region of Scania, Sweden – City of Malmö
The Region of Zealand, Denmark – City of Copenhagen
The Island Region of Bornholm
BORNHOLM
Poland
Baltic StatesSweden
Denmark
Germany
Russia
Finland
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
BRIDGE OVER TROUBLED WATERS?The Impacts of Transnational Regionalization in the Öresund Region for the Island of Bornholm
or
Peter Billing, Ph.D.Director
Centre for Regional and Tourism ResearchBornholm Denmark
&
Rachel J.C. Chen, Ph.D.Assistant Professor
Department of Consumer Services ManagementUniversity of Tennessee, USA
ISISA CONFERENCE, Kinmen Island, Taiwan
Islands of the World VIII ”Changing Islands – Changing Worlds
How to Achieve Bridge Effects Without A Bridge
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
OUTLINE
1. THE ISLAND OF BORNHOLM
A Short Background
2. THE ÖRESUND REGION IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT
Regions, Regionalization and Transnational Integration
3. BORNHOLM IN THE ÖRESUND REGION
Institutionalisation and Infrastructure
4. BRIDGE EFFECTS WITHOUT A BRIDGE – Case Island Tourism
5. CHANGES AND CHALLENGES IN THE SHADOW OF THE BRIDGE
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
1.BORNHOLM – A SHORT BACKGROUND
Population 43.000
Size 150 km2
Sense of Independence and Identity
Decades of Decline (from 1980’s)Fishing and Agriculture The Demographic Gap
The Bornhholm Deal (1992)
The Öresund Bridge (2000)
Regional Council (2003)
The Enlargement of Europe (2004)
BORNHOLM
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
1985 - The Single European Act
Late 1980’s - The European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Agricultural FundTo counter-attack unwanted effects, such as the development and structural adjustment of the regions whose development lagged behind and the conversion of the regions most seriously affected by industrial decline.
2. THE ÖRESUND REGION IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT EU & The Regions
1988 - Regional Charta by the European Parliament Concentration of assistance in the areas of greatest needs. Careful coordination and planning of EU’s attack on regional problems. Partnership between the commission, member state governments, regional and local authorities/organizations
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
1992 - Maastricht TreatyThe principle of subsidiarity: “A new stage in the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, in which decisions are taken as closely as possible to each citizen” (Article A)
1994 - Committee of RegionsCommittee with advisory status consisting of regional and local authorities making them part of the decision-making process.
1996 – Introduction of the INTERREG-Programme II
2000 – Introduction of the INTERREG-Programme III
2004 – Territorial Cohesion introduced in the new Treaty of EU
2006 – Implementation of new policy for Structural Funding
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
A reciprocal process:
… the Regionalisation of Europe
… the Europeanisation of the Regions
A means to enhance socio-economic restructuring and technological development
Regionalization as a General Political Aim
A tool for achieving territorial cohesion
A coercive logic – ’play by the rules of the regionalisation game’
Transregionalization as a the Ultimate Political Aim
Cross-border co-operation
Cluster development
Trans-national regional integration - INTERREG
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
3. BORNHOLM IN THE ÖRESUND REGION
Establishment of the Öresund Committee 1993
Interreg II/III A Programmes
Öresund University
Medicon Valley
Food Network
IT Öresund
Bornholm becomes member of the Öresund Committee 1999
Opening of the Öresund Bridge 2000
Opening of train route Copenhagen - Ystad
Introduction of fast ferry Ystad/Sweden – Rönne/Bornholm
Opening of improved highway E65
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
• The CRT Visitor Survey since 1996 – 3000/year
• Tourism has been an integral part of the Bornholm economy for more than a century
• Markets linked to the island by proximity; visitors come primarily from Denmark, Germany and Sweden
• Traditionally a family holiday destination
• High repeat visitation (79%)
4. BRIDGE EFFECTS WITHOUT A BRIDGE
Case: Island Tourism on Bornholm
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Ystad Copenhagen Germany Poland Air (CPH)
ACCESSIBILITY - Routes and means of transport by arrivals
§
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
Number of Visitors and Residents by Arrivals
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
2000 2001 2002 2003
Visitors Residents
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Danmark Foreign
ORIGIN – Domestic and Foreign Visitors by Overnight Stays
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
Tyskland Danmark Sverige Norge Polen Övrigt
ORIGIN – Nationality of Visitors by Overnight Stays
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Seasonality
Peter Billing, Centre for Regional & Tourism Research & Rachel J.C. Chen, University of Tennessee
Average Length of Stay
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
40,0%
45,0%
Jan Feb Mar Apr Maj Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec
1995 2003
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
130000
135000
140000
145000
150000
155000
160000
165000
170000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
1 500 000
1 520 000
1 540 000
1 560 000
1 580 000
1 600 000
1 620 000
1 640 000
1 660 000
1 680 000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
THE PARADOX
Overnight Stays All Accomodations
Hotel Overnight Stays in July
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
5. Changes and Challenges in the Shadow of the Bridge
• Commuting
• Attractive place for living, study, doing business and visiting
• Increasing number of visitors - VFR
• New markets – customer segments and origin
• Transport capacity limitations
• Restrictive Policy and Planning
• Expensive destination
• Service quality Basil Fawlty Style
• Small & Micro Businesses
• Life style choice rather than an business opportunity
• Establishing of Creative Entrepreneurs in Arts & Crafts
• Destination Bornholm
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
CENTRE FOR REGIONAL & TOURISM RESEARCH
WWW.CRT.DK
Peter Billing
Rachel J.C. Chen
Peter Billing & Rachel J.C. Chen CENTRE FOR REGIONAL AND TOURISM RESEARCH, DENMARK
![[Fredrik barth] nomads_of_south_persia_the_basser(bookos.org)](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/55d4e45abb61ebbe5f8b4604/fredrik-barth-nomadsofsouthpersiathebasserbookosorg.jpg)
