What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
CS 440: Introduction to Artificial IntelligenceLecture 1, Sep 2, 2010
Matthew Stone
September 2, 2010
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
What you need to know
Fun, practical classTextbooks are well-reviewed O’Reilly guides designed to teachcomputer professionals useful and important techniques.
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
AI for Game Developers
David M. Bourg, Glenn Seemann
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Programming Collective Intelligence
Toby Segaran
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Getting the books
Will be at bookstore soon.Also available on Amazon (Bourg & Seemann $22, Segaran $26).Also available electronically through O’Reilly Safari digital library($20/month subscription).
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Programming in Java
Four projects
I They won’t be easy, and you might need help
I But you’ll understand something new and importantafter you finish them
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Academic in focus
Emphasis on careful thinking
I Most important and difficult question in the course:How can I tell if my program works?
Lots of connections
I To more advanced computer science
I To other scientific fields—linguistics, psychology, philosophy, neuroscience
I To other technical fields—statistics, information science, engineering
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Course Organization
Lecture
I Big picture
I Focuses on techniques, ideas, background, etc.
Recitations
I Hands on
I Led by Tarek El-Gaaly
I Focuses on skills, programming, exercises, etc.
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Course Organization
A few details still being worked out
I Office hours— mine will likely be Monday
I Sakai site— with syllabus, reading, lectures, technical infoYou will be added automatically as soon as it’s up
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Plan for today
More details about the course topicMore details about course activitiesBy the end of the class you should have a clear idea of three points
I What makes something AI
I Why it’s easier to do AI now than ever
I What the class will be like
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
So what is AI?
The name comes with a lot of baggage
I academic history
I popular culture
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
AI in science fiction
HAL Still from 2001 Terminator Still from Terminator 3
C3P0 and R2D2 Still from Star Wars Data Star Trek TNG
David Still from AI (2001)Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
So what is AI?
The name comes with a lot of baggage
I academic history
I popular culture
I we’ll return to this
The usual definition is
I “creating systems that do things that would requireintelligence if done by a person”
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Not such a good description these days
Example of state-of-the-art AI
I http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2010/04/02_robot%20.shtml
This would not be an intellectual achievement if a person did it.
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
What is AI?
A better definition is
I “techniques for writing programs to carry out tasks that wecan’t specify exactly in advance”
Why is laundry robot like this?
I we don’t know where the laundry will be
I we only discover how to move the arm, gripper, etc., after webuild it
I physics says where you can pick up fabric, how it folds, etc.
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
What are the alternatives to preprogramming behavior?
Perception
I Give the system the ability to understand the situation inwhich it has to act.
Problem solving
I Give the system strategies that it can use to create its ownresponse to an unexpected situation.
Learning
I Design the system to tune the steps that it carries out basedon experience that it has that was not available to theprogrammer.
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
This class covers some concrete, useful strategies
A toolbox for writing powerful, general, versatile programs
I understanding the world
I acting in the world
I solving problems
I learning from experience
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Acting in the world
Introduce “agents”—a general way of thinking about complexgeneral programsGet a sense of how AI problems of perception, planning, learning,action fit together.Project: Create and analyze a “flocking” simulation of simplecreatures
I A common strategy for animating “non-player characters” invideo games
I Foundations of simulations in psychology, economics, and“artificial life”
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Household robotics
Roomba 500 (2007)”[the new model] will be able to sense when it’s about to hit a wall, so it’ll slow down and not whack itself into it.”—dvice.com
www.irobot.com
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Solving problems
Introduce the ideas of problems, solutions, and search.Understand how to encode and optimize search algorithms to workeffectively.Project (plan): Path planning for Pac-Man
I Real connection to navigation and control applications
I Also used for many other optimization problems
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Computer chess
Picture from 2009 world computer chess competition in Mainz, Germany From rybkachess.com
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Learning and Perception
Introduce the problem of classification: relating a new example toprevious experience.Describe models based on statistics and based on similarity.Project (plan): Movie recommendation
I Inspired by the technology actually used by Netflix to makerecommendations
I Good example of the role of data in new AI applications
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Recommendations
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Combining Learning and Problem Solving
Understand how to use AI tools in a larger applicationLearn more about the strengths and limitations of differenttechniquesProject (plan): Work in small groups on a larger problemSelected from a short menu, likely including
I Play chess
I Play a video game (Pac-Man, Super Mario)
I Learn and recognize patterns in web data
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Google translate
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Google query processing
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
Speech recognition
Actual transcript: Hi Matthew. It sounds like we... missed paths and it’s probably my fault. My email’s been
defunct and I had the wrong number for you. Um, but maybe we can - I’ll see you in a second, and we can meet in
New York. Okay bye.
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
This class is a work in progress
AI is traditionally a research class
I These classes teach you how to read, critique, develop andtest new methods
Why?
I Because nothing really worked.
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
The challenge of AI implementations
The problem was that real applications were expensive
I Need a lot of compute power
I Need a lot of data
I Need ”practical know-how” to put it all together
That made the class kind of depressing
I Difficult ideas
I Difficult programming
I Lame results
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
What you need to knowDefining Artificial Intelligence
Course TopicsFinal Note
This class is a work in progress
Things have changed
I Computers are faster— no surprise there
I Lots of data is available— web, sharing
I More know-how— e.g., toolkits for learning
Matthew Stone CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence