Date post: | 24-Dec-2014 |
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� Writing and reading data back from a file.
� Extraction operator VS getline function.
� Write a single record on a file.
� Read a single record from a file.
� Build Company class.
� Overload operators for the Company class.
� Build template for programs.
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 2
� What is the problem with reading data from files?
� Since we are reading from files in form of streams of bytes therefore we can not differentiate between tokens.
� Fortunately, the extraction operator in C++ can tokenize streams.
� But some fields could include more than one token.
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 3
Hussien M. Sharaf [email protected] CS215
Name EmailID Course
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 4
� ofstream: Stream class to write on files
� ifstream: Stream class to read from files
� fstream: Stream class to both read and write from/to files.
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 5
� Write the previous data into a text file then try reading using:
1. Method: .get (buf,'\n');
2. Method: .getline (buf,'\n');
3. Function: getline (ifstream, string_Line,'\n');
// Write a text file
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main () {
string line,token;
char buf[1000];
ofstream myfilePut("example.txt",ios::trunc);
if (myfilePut.is_open())
{
myfilePut<<"Hussien M. Sharaf\n";
}
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 7
myfilePut.close();ifstream myfileGet ("example.txt");if (myfileGet.is_open()){ while (! myfileGet.eof())
{//myfileGet >>token;myfileGet.get (buf,'\n');line=buf;myfileGet.seekg(0,ios::beg);myfileGet.getline (buf,'\n');line=buf;cout << line<< endl;}
//clear flags any bad operation
myfileGet.clear();
myfileGet .seekg(0,ios::beg );
getline (myfileGet,line,'\n');
cout << line<< endl;
//clear flags any bad operation
myfileGet.clear();
myfileGet .seekg(0,ios::beg );
//use exttaction op to read into buf
while (! myfileGet.eof())
{
myfileGet>>buf;
cout << buf<< endl;
}
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 8
//clear flags any bad operationmyfileGet.clear();myfileGet .seekg(0,ios::beg );//use exttaction op to read into stringwhile (! myfileGet.eof()){
myfileGet>>line;cout << line<< endl;
}
myfileGet .close();}else cout << "Unable to open file"; system("Pause");return 0;}
� Try reading using:
1. Extraction op.
2. Function: getline (ifstream,string_Line,'\n');
� myfileGet>>line;
� getline (myfileGet,line,'\n');
� Does the extraction op. identify separators other then space?
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 10
� It was noticed that the extraction operator “>>” reads until first token separator [space, “,”, “;”, TAB, “\r” ]
� What are your suggestions for reading a collection of fields?
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
string ExtendstringLength(string In, intrequiredSize, string appendchar)
{
while (In.length()<requiredSize )
In=In.append(appendchar);
return In;
}
int main () {
string line,token;
int ID;
string FullName,Course,Email;
char buf[1000];
ID=811;
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 11
Course="CS215";FullName ="Hussien M. Sharaf";Email="[email protected]";Course.append("@");FullName=ExtendstringLength(FullName,20,"@");Email = ExtendstringLength(Email,50,"@");ofstream myfilePut("example.txt",ios::trunc);if (myfilePut.is_open()){myfilePut<<ID<<Course<<FullName<<Email ;}myfilePut.close();
ifstream myfileGet ("example.txt");if (myfileGet.is_open()){
myfileGet>>ID;cout << ID<< endl;myfileGet>>Course ;cout << Course << endl;//clear flags any bad
operationmyfileGet.clear();myfileGet .seekg(0,ios::beg
);myfileGet>>ID;cout << ID<< endl;
myfileGet.get( buf,7) ;Course=buf;
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 12
Course=Course.substr(0,5);cout << Course << endl;
myfileGet.get( buf,21) ;FullName=buf;FullName=FullName.erase(FullName.find("@"));cout << FullName<< endl;
myfileGet.get( buf,51) ;Email=buf;Email=Email.erase(Email.find("@"));cout << Email<< endl;
}system("Pause");return 0;
}
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 14
� What are the required fields? And what are their types?
1. CompanyName
2. ContactName
3. TitleofBusiness
4. Address
5. City
6. ZipCode
7. Phone
8. Fax
9. Email
10. WebSite
11. CompanyCode
12. CompanyDescription
� Each field is qualified by double quotes “.
A screen shot of a file sample
#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Company{
string CompanyCode, CompanyDescription ,CompanyName, ContactName, TitleofBusiness, Address,City, ZipCode, Phone, Fax, Email, WebSite;
};
1. Write default constructor, copy constructor.2. Overload “=” operator and “==” [optional]3. Overload “<<” and “>>” for ostream and istream. 4. Write a driver that uses the above class to read a single line that
contain all fields of a company. Each field is quoted by double quotes “field_Value” and separated from the next field by a comma ,
Example:"155","All",“A-z Maintenance",“Malek",“-","902 Bestel Avenue - Garden Grove“,..
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 16
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 17
User Interface
Classes containing any processing of data
//Declarations
while (ExitProgram!=true)
{ //take user choice
switch (UserChoice)
{ case 'I':
case 'i':
//handle user Choice
case'E':
case'e':ExitProgram=true; break;
}
}
system("pause");
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 18
1. Start by determining Output.
2. List the inputs.
3. Think about processing.
Check Ex 3:� Continue building a class for CompanyInfo:
1. Write default constructor, copy constructor.2. Overload “=” operator and “==” [optional]3. Overload “<<” and “>>” for ostream and istream and use
the delimiter method for reading and writing each field. Each field is required to be enclosed inside two double quotes i.e “…..”
� Write a driver to use this class based on the template Menu.
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 20
� Next week is the deadline.
� No excuses.
� Don’t wait until last day.
� I can help you to the highest limit within the next 3 days.
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 21
1. Delete the “bin” and “obj” folders.
2. Compress the solution folder using winrar.
3. Rename the compressed file as follows:
StudentName_ID_A3.rar
4. Email to: [email protected] your ID in the subject.
5. With subject: “FO – Assignment#3 -ID”
Dr. Hussien M. Sharaf 22