Cultural Development andPhysical Geography

India

India is located on the continent of Asia between Pakistan (west), China (ne) and myanmar (east) arabian sea (SW) indian ocean (sW\E)

Beliefs

Hinduism

Buddhism

BuddhismOriginal BuddhismTeaches that desire causes

suffering

People hope to achieve a state of peace called nirvana through self-denial

The idea of self-denial was hard for people to follow

New ideasTeaches that Buddha was a

god

Teaches that people can become Buddhas

Teaches that Buddhas can give up nirvana to save humanity through good works and self-sacrifice

Popular with the people

HinduismOriginal Hinduism Belief in many gods

Priests only could perform sacrifices and ceremonies to the gods

Limited interest with the people

New Ideas Began to believe in one

divine force

3 important gods that represent the divine force

1.Brahma – center of the world

2.Vishnu – preserver of the world

3.Shiva – destroyer of the world

Popular gods interested the people

Indian CultureBecause of its location, people from other races

(Persia, Central Asia and Greece) fled to Northern India during times of political trouble in their country.

Because of its location it was also a great area for trade by sea and land.

These 2 groups of people brought new languages and customs to India

Trade in IndiaLAND TRADE Different groups

controlled India because of its valuable resources

Invaders spread trade to new areas especially through the Silk Roads

Silk Roads – trade routes that carried products (silk) from China to Asia (India) to Rome

SEA TRADE Sea routes allowed for

trade between India and other countries

They imported gold and ivory from Africa and exported cotton cloth

They imported dates and horses from Arabia and exported rice and wheat

They imported silk from China and exported cotton cloth and animals

Other things traded Trade allowed for Indian merchants to become

wealthy. It also allowed new ideas to be shared:

Religion – Buddhism and Hinduism through the Silk Roads and missionaries

Astronomy – learned from trade ships, proved the earth was round

Time – learned from Greek invaders, based calendar on sun, had 7-day weeks

Math – numbers we use today, zero, decimalsMedicine – surgery and medicine

The Taj Majal is a world famous landmark located in India.

China

China is located on the continent of Asia. It is surrounded by India (SW), Nyanmar/Thailand/Laos/Vietnam (S), Pacific Ocean (E), Phillipines/Taiwan (SE), Japan (NE), Mongolia/Russia (N) and Kazakhstan (NW)

Map A19

Chinese Beliefs ConfucianismBeliefs taught by Confucius that gentlemen should

practice:Respect

GenerosityTruthfulness

DiligenceKindness

They also believed their emperor had divine authority. He was the link between heaven and earth.

Confucianism To get a government job under the Han

Dynasty a person had to pass a test on Confucianism

To learn Confucianism people went to school

Usually only the wealthy could attend school

Chinese Culture Under the Han Dynasty, China conquered

many people. At one time they had a population of over 60 million people.

Because of the location on the Silk Road and their resources (including silk) it was a great area for traders as well.

These 2 groups of people brought new customs and ideas to China.

Chinese Culture The people conquered by the Han brought

in new ideas, languages and customs to China

To help with this, China practiced assimilation – the process of making conquered people follow the conqueror’s culture – by:Settling in their landsMarrying their peopleSetting up schools to teach them Confucianism

Trade in China There was worldwide demand for silk

China began to trade silk, salt, and iron and other items along the Silk Road

This trade led to contact with many other people and ideas

Other things Trade and war introduced China to many other

people. This helped them develop new things: Paper – more books = more education and more

record keeping Collar harness – horses could pull more weight

than in Europe 2 Blade Plow – farming was faster Wheelbarrow Water mills – to grind grain Silk mills – to make more silk (also made silk

production a government secret)

China is famous for its Great Wall. Now is your chance to color a picture of this famous landmark!

Chinese Paper LanternIn China, they celebrate the Chinese New Year with lights, dragons, paper crafts and lots of fireworks! These paper lanterns are one Type of decoration used during this Chinese celebration!What you'll need:  Construction paper, Scissors, Tape, Stapler, Ruler, Pencil, (Glue, glitter, sequins, if desired to decorate your lantern)How to make it: Use your ruler to measure and cut one inch off the short end of your paper. Set aside to use as the handle.  Fold your paper in half lengthwise.  Draw a line one inch from the end of the long edge of the paper opposite the folded edge. This will be the line where 

you stop cutting.  Measure and mark lines one inch apart starting at the folded edge and moving towards the "stop cutting" line. (see 

photo)  Cut on the marked lines up to the "stop cutting" line.  Unfold the paper.  Re-crease the paper in the opposite direction. This will hide any pencil marks.  Match the long edges together on the lantern and use tape to hold it in place.  Staple the handle to the top of the lantern. (see photo)  Make as many lanterns as you wish and display them around your home.  If you wish, add glue, glitter, sequins or other things to decorate your lanterns.

Africa

Africa is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (W), Indian Ocean (E) and Europe (N)

Map pg 214

African Geography Because of its harsh climate and

environment Africa is hard to settle There is the Sahara desert and the rain

forest which prevent use of these areas The northern coast and southern tip of

Africa and the savannas provide areas for people to live

African Culture People began as nomads – followed food Then they began to farm and started

communities Each community was made of several

families Families developed beliefs and kept an

oral record of their history

African Culture changes These family groups sometimes moved

from their original homes for different reasons:

Environment (drought, volcanoes, etc)Economic (slavery, jobs)Political (religion, war, invaders)

As they moved from one land to another they took with them their beliefs, language and history and cultures blended.

Beliefs Most Africans believe in one god

Some also practice animism – belief that spirits play an important part in daily life

Some practice Christianity or Islam which were introduced by outsiders

Trade in Africa 3 tribes

Most trade in Africa was centered around 3 tribes of people

Djennne’-DjenoBantu Aksum

Djenne’-Djeno People Lived on the Niger river in West

Africa Their land was fertile because of the

location They traded rice, fish and pottery for

copper, gold and salt from others along the river

Their location gave them a route for trade by river and land

Bantu People They traveled often because they use

slash and burn farming (slash and burn the grass and mix ashes with soil)

This farming makes the soil fertile for only a short time then they have to move to another area

As they settle in an area, they traded their skills and items with others they met, married their people, shared their language and beliefs

Aksum People Lived on the Red Sea and Blue Nile Their land was fertile because of the location Their location allowed them to trade with

people from Egypt, Arabia, Persia, India, Rome They traded salt and rhinoceros horns, tortoise

shells, ivory, emeralds, and gold for cloth, glass, olive oil, wine, brass, iron and copper

African Art Materials Paper plate, Hole punch, Scissors, String, Beads, Paper Sacks/Newspapers, White glue, Paint, Paint brush Steps 1. Punch 7 to 8 holes around the top half portion of the paper plate. 2. Draw and cut out a pair of eye holes. 3. Take some strips of newspaper/paper sacks. Twist and form them into a mouth

and nose shape. 4. Use white glue to attach the nose and mouth to the paper plate. 5. Let the glue dry for a few minutes. 6. Paint your mask . 7. Use a different color paint to make designs on the mask. Dots and stripes are

common African mask elements and they're pretty easy to make. 8. Cut string and attach to a hole on the mask. Tie it to secure it in place. 9. Put beads through each piece of string and tie a knot in the end.

10. Once you're finished, you're ready to show off your African mask.

Japan

Japan is located on Asia. It is surrounded by water

Japanese Geography Japan is made up of about 4000 islands

They have a mild climate and good rainfall in the south but there are lots of mountains and not many natural resources

They also have weather problems like typhoons, earthquakes and tidal waves

Japanese Beliefs Early Japan had clans Each clan worshiped its own gods and

goddesses Eventually they developed into one religion

called Shinto (way of the gods) They believed that there were spirits in nature Through trade with China they were introduced

to Buddhism Many added Buddhist ideas to their Shinto

ideas

Trade in Japan Korea traded and traveled in Japan and

brought Chinese ideas with them

Japan sent people to China to learn their culture

They adopted much from China:WritingCooking TeaArt Gardening Hair styles

Japanese Culture Japan adopted many ideas from China but

soon developed their own ideas too.

A court society arose during the Heian period. The people followed rules that controlled everything.

Leaders continued to fight for control.

Japanese Culture

The battle for control of Japan led to the rise of two military leadership styles:

Samurai Warriors – protected wealthy lords

Shogun – generals of the emperor’s army (soon took control and ruled through weak emperors)

Samurai Warrior As you have learned,

Samurai warriors played a very important role in early Japan. Today we will color a picture of one of these fierce warriors.