Dakar Exhibit Book

Festival Mondial des Arts NegresADIAS Science and Technology Exhibit at Le Meridien President, Dakar, Senegal December 10-31, 2010 Prepared for The Delegates* English Version

About this Document

This document is a compilation of the floor plans, modules and technical specifications for the Senegal World Festival Black Contribution to Science and Technology Exhibit in Dakar, Senegal, from December 10 - 31, 2010. It was assembled to address the needs for better communication of the exhibit and its planned layout at Le Chapiteau at Le Meridien President, Dakar, Senegal. It serves as a comprehensive visual communication for stakeholders, sponsors, and partners to understand the breadth and depth of the exhibit. This document is the property of the Robert R. Taylor Network, Inc. (RRTN) and is intended for its sole use and the audience to whom it is distributed. This document is the copyright of RRTN. This document can not be reproduced in part or in whole for any other purpose without explicit written permission from RRTN. This document can not be used to replicate the exhibit in part or in whole without explicit permission or licensing from RRTN. This document is not to be used as a promotional piece, sold, duplicated or altered in any fashion without explicit written permission. For further information, questions or comments, please contact: Darian Hendricks, CEO Robert R. Taylor Network, Inc., c/o MIT Center for Educational Computing Initiatives, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 9-355, Cambridge, MA 02139. Tel: 1-617-253-4058. Fax: 1-617-253-8632. E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.rrtn.org.

Table of ContentsExhibit Contributors Overview Exhibit Goals The Experience: Floor Plan: Flow of Information The Experience: Floor Plan: Exhibit Modules A. Introduction Video A. Introduction Wall

PAGE3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 24 25 30 31 32 11

B. History of Black Africas Contribution to science and technology C. Modern Science Research in Africa D. Thank You Wall F. Blacks in Space

E. Advancement of Civilization Trajectories G. Black Achievement in Science and Technology

H. ADIAS Multimedia Interactive Timeline, Encyclopedia, Website, and Social Community I. 25 Pioneers J. Blacks in Science: Perception vs. Reality K. 100 Profiles Video Technical Specifications Contacts and Partners Community Outreach L. Summary Wall

Appendix: American Slavery and Inventors Rod & Cathy Brown

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT

Exhibit ContributorsCORE TEAM:

This exhibit was made possible by the contributions of several individuals and institutions. We thank each person and organization for their invaluable input to the realization of this exhibit.

DESIGN:Beyond MEASURE Productions LLC, Proverb Ltd.

The Robert R. Taylor Network - Loic Assobmo, Tristen Graves, Darian Hendricks, Tanu Henry, Anne Khaminwa, Chris Luna, Adriel Mingo, Meg Westlund, Feng Wu.

TECHNOLOGY:Dipity, IBM, Lenovo

ADVISORS:Professor Wayne Dawkins, Hampton University; Dr. Cheikh MBacke Diop, Association KHEPERA; Professor Kenneth Manning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (MIT); Professor Sekazi Mtingwa, MIT; Professor Ahmadou Wague, University of Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal; Professor Cardinal Warde, MIT; Professor Scott Williams, State University of New York, Buffalo.

PRODUCTION AND LOGISTICS:Marianne Bathily, Exp Agency, Le Meridien President, Ahmadou Jean-Charles Tall, WB Incorporated

SPONSORS:MIT, IBM, Lenovo, Government of Senegal This exhibition was produced by the Robert R. Taylor Network in association with: Daren Bascome, Miranda Craigwell, Noah Christofer, Logan Jones, Alesha Gunn, Jonathan Vergara, Kyle Marcella, Christine Needham, Jake Radzevich, Jean Transtamar, Aniek Van Leeuwen. Special thanks to: Djibril Diallo, Coordinator, U.S. Committee for World Festival of Black Arts and Culture and Senior Advisor to the Executive Director UNAIDS; Judi Hampton; Sonia Lawson.

CONTENT:

Association of African Universities; French Cultural Center of Boston, Massachusetts; Professor Madiagne Diallo, Pontifcia Universidade Catlica do Rio de Janeiro; MIT Academic Media Production Services; MIT Museum; NIHERST, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; OMPI; Professor Henrique Cunha Junior, Universidade Federal do Cear; Research Institute of Agriculture, Senegal; Research Institute of Food Technology, Senegal; University of Dakar.


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Overview

The World Festival Exhibit on Black Contribution to Science and Technology showcases the contribution of Africans and the African Diaspora from ancient civilization to the present. The exhibit will take you through a journey of how people of African descent have always contributed to our understanding of the world around us and the advancement of civilization through scientific discovery, technological innovation, and invention. Black people have been part of the scientific community and continue to make significant contributions to the advancement of human knowledge and economic impact through invention and discovery for the betterment of mankind. The exhibit begins with the contributions by early African Civilization during the BC era to mathematics, science, systems, and engineering, including present day research from leading African research institutions. The exhibit then moves into an overview of contributions by black people to 10 key industries - Agriculture, Communications, Computing, Energy, Engineering and Materials, Environment, Mathematics, Medicine and Health, National Security, Space Exploration, and Transportation. There is a special tribute to the black pioneers in space. Subsequently, the exhibit will immerse you in a 25 towering column maze of pioneers of science from the African Diaspora. A multimedia presentation of interviews and profiles of 100 innovators will engulf you with what young people are thinking about science today, leaders in the fields of science and engineering, and the reality of the practioners. There is an engaging and interactive multimedia timeline of black history in science and technology looking at inventions, inventors, and firsts in the field with a linked Wiki-like encyclopedia. Individuals will be able to add comments and content via their mobile phone, computers on site, and from anywhere with a web browser. This exhibit was created by the Robert R. Taylor Network, Inc. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA in collaboration w i t h Professor Ahmadou Wague, University of Dakar, and Cheikh Mbacke Diop. To learn more about the exhibit, please visit www. blackworldfestival.com and www.adias.org.

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Exhibit Goals

Wow Cool ProudEXHIBIT OBJECTIVES: Create a sense of wonder: Wow, I didnt know that! Reinforce the genius of science and technology: Hey, thats cool! Engender self-pride in the accomplishments and contributions of blacks to sciences: I am proud!

AUDIENCE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Black people have made significant contribution to the advancement of civilization through science and technology since mans beginnings in Africa. Black culture has and continues to contribute to societys advancement and economics through science and technology. Young black scientists and engineers can have an impact on society and economics. Robert R. Taylor Network at MIT in partnership with global institutions is creating a digital media production celebrating black culture in science and technology. Africa, specifically Senegal, is the first to debut the production.


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The Experience: Floor Plan: Flow of InformationThis is a floor plan visually describing how someone moves through the exhibit tent at Le Meridien. The exhibit information and sections are arranged into areas which answer the questions, What?, When?,

Why?, and Who?. The exhibit modules are given a letter to coorelate to a page in this book which describes the section.

WHAT is the purpose of this exhibit? WHEN and How did black culture impact our world? WHY is it important to celebrate black cultural contribution to science and technology? WHO are the black scientists and engineers advancing society in modern times?


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The Experience: Floor Plan: Exhibit ModulesThe exhibit is comprised of 10 modules or sections. Nine (9) sections are in the Le Chapiteau tent and one (1) section* is outside the tent, potentially in the rotunda lobby of the Le Meridien President hotel.50 m (150)

Each section is labeled with a corresponding letter and associated title. The order of exhibit modules has to do with location.

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20 m (60)

B B

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MODULES:WHATA. Introduction Video and Wall

@ Le Chapiteau 2, Le Meridien President, Dakar, Senegal1

Plan

WHY

Scale: 3/32" = 1'-0"

WHEN

B. History of Black Africas Contribution to science and technology C. Modern Science Research in Africa D. Thank You Wall E. Advances in Civilization TimelinesAhmadou Wague and Dr. Cheikh Mbacke Diop Display

F. Blacks In Space Wall G. Video Compilation H. ADIAS Timeline

* American Slavery and Inventors Display: By Rod and Cathy Brown Location to be determined (TBD)*Rod and Cathy Browns American Slavery and Blacks in Science posters commissioned by the Senegalese Ambassador to the United States were added the week before all exhibit plans had closed. These paintings and posters will need to be incorporated at Le Meridien upon arrival with Rod and Cathy Brown on Wednesday, December 8, 2010. PG 7

WHO

I. 25 Pioneers Display J. Street Interviews K. 100 People Profile L. Summary Wall


A. Introduction VideoMESSAGE:The introduction video invites viewers into the great promise and exciting future of science through the eyes and words of its youngest stars. The intro video opens with a fictitious view of what these students see as scientists/mathematicians and students of color. The intro videos theme is the grand and noble charge given in Phillis Wheatleys epic poem, Hymn to humanity. Visually, a bright and vivid universe creates a background for extreme close ups of the students faces and graphic manipulation of the eye using a version of Ron McNairs fish eye lens.

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Phillis Wheatley was born in Senegal, Africa. At a young age she was enslaved and brought to New England where she was bought by a family in 1761. Her owners, John and Susanna Wheatley raised her with their children. Together with their daughter, Mary, they taught her how to read and write and encouraged her talent for poetry. Writing her first poems in her early teens, she become a popular accomplished poet steeped in the religious and classical traditions of New England. She was freed in 1773, the same year that she published a book, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. This made her the first African American to publish a book.

HYMN TO HUMANITYI. Lo! for thIs dark terrestrIaL baLL forsakes hIs azure-paved haLL a prInce of heavnLy bIrth! dIvIne humanIty behoLd, What Wonders rIse, What charms unfoLd at hIs descent to earth! II. the bosoms of the great and good WIth Wonder and deLIght he vIeWd, and fIxd hIs empIre there: hIm, cLose compressIng to hIs breast, the sIre of gods and men addressd, My son, My heavnly fair! III. DescenD to earth, there place thy throne; to succour Mans afflicteD son each huMan heart inspire: to act in bounties unconfinD enlarge the close contracteD MinD, anD fill it with thy fire. Iv. QuIck as the Word, WIth sWIft career he WIngs hIs course from star to star, and Leaves the brIght abode. the vIrtue dId hIs charms Impart; theIr g-----! then thy rapturd heart perceIvd the rushIng god: v. for When thy pItyIng eye dId see the LanguId muse In LoW degree, then, then at thy desIre descended the ceLestIaL nIne; oer me methought they deIgnd to shIne, and deIgnd to strIng my Lyre. vI. can afrIcs muse forgetfuL prove? or can such frIendshIp faIL to move a tender human heart? ImmortaL frIendshIp LaureL-croWnd the smILIng graces aLL surround WIth evry heavnLy art.

http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtn

VOICE OVER

Recorded in both English and French by Afro-British Belgian performer and Artistic Director of Londons Vocab Dance Company, Alesandra Seutin.


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A. Introduction Wall

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Along with a video montage, the exhibit opens with a strong temporal visual collage of the black experience in science and technology from the African Diaspora to the current African Renaissance. This image is overlayed with inspirational words describing the exhibit and setting context to black culture in science and technology. By way of a quote from The Complexion of Science by leading his-

torian and researcher in the field of Science, Technology, and Society, Professor Kenneth Manning, the audience is grounded to the reality of the science communitys need to be more inclusive and accepting of black and other non-white cultures in order to advance our greater good.

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FROM AFRICAN DIASPORA TO AFRICAN RENAISSANCE.Africans and people of the African Diaspora around the globe have changed the world, not just with culture such as music, dance and art, but also with science, technology, engineering, and math. Through their discoveries, inventions and innovations that benefit every one of us every day, they have advanced civilization even when society made it almost impossible. They have always contributed to the world economy, but their contributions have not often been recognized, and indeed have been stifled. This exhibit introduces you to African civilizations early contributions and to some of the formally and informally trained scientists of African heritage. Their story hasnt been told very often, but their legacy is unstoppable.

The social dynamics of this struggle [participation in science by marginalized groups] have made the scientific community more turbulent, more complex, and ultimately more diversewhether the community acknowledges it or not. Newtonian optics provides a useful analogy here. On the surface, a ray of light exhibits a uniform makeup. But when viewed through a prism, light scatters into the many colors of the rainbow. Under the prism of analysis, the scientific community similarly reveals its heterogeneity. To return, then, to our Newtonian analogy: as light passes through the prism, we discern the myriad colors of the rainbow. In the scientific community, perhaps we are witnessing the beginnings of a prismatic effect. The colors have been muted periodically by the force of social and political circumstances. But to carry the analogy further, recall how Newton took a second prism, positioned it in the path of the refracted rays and resolved the component colors again into one ray. When we do that, we are in an entirely new position. We can see both the separated rays and the unified raysignifying the capacity to focus, embrace, and focus again. If we do not follow through with both parts of the experiment, choosing to fall back instead on the colorless image of what people like to call scientific objectivity, we could forgo a rich, diverse level of participation by all who want to be part of the scientific enterprise. Kenneth Manning, The Complexion of Science Technology Review, Nov/Dec 1991, pg. 60


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B. History of Black Africas Contribution to Science and TechnologyPROFESSOR AHMADOU WAGUE AND DR. CHEIKH MBACKE DIOP 60 - 65 FREE STANDING POSTERShttp://www.ucad.snPriodisationInvention Outil de pierre taille : basalte, silex, quartz

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. Vers la pense symboliqueDate annes 2.7 millions CommentaireLieux : Kada Gona (thiopie), Omo (thiopie), Lokalelei (rives du lac Turkana au Kenya). Fonction : dcouper, forer, racler, Les outils de pierre, que les hominids perfectionneront au cours du temps, seront utiliss jusqu la priode historique. Des formes standardises des outils de pierre apparaissent. Latelier de taille le plus ancien identifi est situ Lokalelei (rive ouest du lac Turkana, Kenya). Il est dat de 2,34 millions dannes. Atelier de taille. Lieux : Gorge dOlduvai, Melka Kuntur (sites de Gombor I, Garba XII). Les vestiges (disposition particulire de pierres sur le sol et dlimitant une zone de forme ovale) semblent indiquer la construction dabris (huttes) faits de branchages. Lieux : Chesowanja, (Olduvai, Kenya), Bodo, Gadeb (8E) (thiopie), Melka-Kuntur/Garba I (thiopie). Nombreux objets passs par le feu : pierre, ossements, ocre, ports des tempratures de lordre de 400 plus de 700 C. Domestication du feu et technique dobtention du feu. Rcipient naturel en corce Olduva (Tanzanie), Olorgesailie (Kenya), Hargufia, Gadeb, Melka-Kuntur (Ethiopie). Animaux : lphants, hippopotames, ... Afrique du Sud, mergence de la pense symbolique.

Exposition : Histoire des sciences et des techniques Contribution de lAfrique noireContinent et Diaspora

- La prhistoire - Lantiquit - La priode post-pharaonique jusquau XVIme sicle - Du XVIme 1960 - De 1960 nos jours1960 nos jours

Habitat

1.8 million ( ?), 1 million

LAfrique, origine de lhommeXVIme sicle 1960 Priode post pharaonique

Feu

1.4 million ( ?) 550 000 ans

0

Touma : 6 7 millions dannesCivilisations anciennes 4000 ans Homo sapiens sapiens 200 000 ans Origine de lhomme 5-6 millions dannes

Panier

poque dErgaster poque dErgaster partir de 164 000 ans

Ahounta Djimdoumalbaye, le dcouvreur du fossile, Tchad

Atelier de boucherie Art, parures

UCAD

It's been suggested that the first thing Homo sapiens did once he and she had evolved was head for the beach. This is demonstrated in dramatic fashion by a series of discoveries in Middle Pleistocene sediments from a South African sea cave near Pinnacle Point. The finds suggest that by around 164,000 years ago, the residents were on a diet that included shellfish the earliest evidence for the exploitation of coastal resources by some 40,000 years. There is also evidence that they used pigments such as red ochre for symbolic behaviour. This was at a time when the world was going through a cool, dry spell, and Africa was mostly desert. Perhaps this environmental stress drove small bands of huntergatherers down to the sea in search of new food sources and lifestyles. Dans ltat actuel de la science lAfrique est le continent de la naissance de lhomme. Sur une chelle de temps dune dizaine de millions dannes on a pu mettre en vidence lmergence et le dploiement gographiques de diffrents types dhommes aux capacits intellectuelles et motives de plus en plus dveloppes lies au dveloppement du cerveau : de 400 cm3 pour laustralopithque 1400 cm3 pour lhomme actuel. Un crne au front haut , abritant des lobes frontaux volumineux, distingue lhomme actuel (appel par les spcialistes homme anatomiquement moderne ou homo sapiens sapiens) de ses prdcesseurs. Lhomme partage avec les grands singes africains un anctre commun, ainsi que le postulait le naturaliste anglais auteur de Lorigine des espces, Charles Darwin, en 1871. Australopithque Homo habilis Homo erectus homo ergaster Homo sapiens sapiens

Innovations africaines de la prhistoire

Gravures et peintures rupestres partir de -35 000 ans

WO RL D FE AFR BLA ST ICA CK IVA N L2 01 0

Lart se manifeste avec homo sapiens sapiensLes premiers hommes anatomiquement modernes ou homo sapiens sapiens

Des migrations

Omo I : 195 000 ans

Louis Seymour Bassett Leakey (1903-1972) Kenya :

B. Asfaw, Ethiopie

Homo Idaltu : 160 000 ans

The site, called Blombos Cave, is near the southern Cape shore of the Indian Ocean, nearly 200 miles of Cape Town, South Africa. the artifacts date back more than 70 000 years.Dcouverte de petits coquillages marins perfors, dans la grotte des Pigeons Taforalt, Maroc oriental : il y a 82 000 ansPerles. Enkapune Ya Muto Lac Naivasha, Kenya - 40 000 ans

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C. Modern Science Research in AfricaRESEARCH POSTERS FROM THE FOLLOWING AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES:(PLANNED BUT NOT CONFIRMED EXHIBITORS AT TIME OF PRINTING OF BOOK.)

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Association of African Universities University of Dakar Organisation mondiale de la proprit intellectuelle Research Institute of Agriculture Research Institute of Food Technology


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D. Thank You Wall

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In appreciation of all who have contributed both in-kind and monetary resources to the project as well as a tribute to a significant black pioneer in educating future blacks in science and technology, Robert Robinson Taylor, a wall of appreciation was created. The wall also showcases the first early black graduates in the late 1890s and

early 1900s from the prestigious and world renowned institution for science and technology, MIT. A special tribute is given to His Excellency President Wade and the country of Senegal for its leadership in inaugurating this global exhibit on black culture in science and technology.

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ROBERT R. TAYLOR NETWORK WOULD LIKE TO THANK:His Excellency President Abdoulaye Wade, the Government of Senegal, and our host nation, The Republic of Senegal, for their leadership and foresight to recognize contributions of Blacks in fields beyond the arts. And we thank the African people who work everyday towards the development of Africa.

SPONSORS: The Government of Senegal Robert R Taylor Network, Inc. Massachusetts Institute of Technology LUniversit Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Lenovo IBM

CONTRIBUTORS: Dr. Cheikh MBacke Diop, Association KHEPERA Professor Kenneth Manning, MIT Professor Sekazi Mtingwa, MIT Professor Ahmadou Wague, LUniversit Cheikh Anta Diop Professor Cardinal Warde, MIT Professsor Scott Williams, State University of New York Buffalo Darian Hendricks, CEO, Robert R. Taylor Network The National Institute for Higher Education, Research, Science and Technology (NIHERST), The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

Some of the methods and plans of (MIT) have been transplanted to the Tuskegee institute and have flourished and grown there; if not the plans in full, certainly the spirit, in the love of doing things correctly, of putting logical ways of thinking into the humblest task of using them to build up the immediate community. and in this way increasing the power and the grandeur of the nation. This should serve as a witness of the part which (MIT) is contributing to the scientific awakening of the negro. Excerpt From Scientific Awakening of the Negro by Robert R. Taylor 1911 MIT Technology Day


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E. Advancement of Civilization TrajectoriesA timeline of 10 key industries that signify civilizations advancement are highlighted in time with some of the contributions by blacks from around the world to those industries and mans progress to

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engineering the world around him. The industries were also selected based on their importance and impact on the African continent, now and into the future.

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PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION

TRAJECTORIES: Computing Space Exploration Mathematics Agriculture

Butt To Graphic Displays

1980 = 1982 = 1987 2001 = 1989 1996 = 1996 =

Mark Dean dbute une carrire chez IBM o il dveloppe trois des neuf brevets dIBM sur lesquels est bas lordinateur personnel (PC).

Mark Dean begins a career at IBM that includes developing three of IBMs original nine patents for the personal computer (PC).

1958 = 1979 = 1980 = 1983 = 1986 = 1987 = 1992 = 1995 = 1999 = 2009 =

Adolphus Samms invente un mcanisme douverture de parachute qui peut tre actionn distance. Cest seulement lune de ses nombreuses inventions dont la pompe dalimentation des moteurs de fuses (1961) et dautres qui ont fait avancer le voyage dans lespace.

Adolphus Samms invents a parachute release mechanism that can be operated remotely. This is only one of his many inventions. The others, such as the Rocket Engine Pump Feed System (1961), further advanced space travel.

1791 = 1947 = 1950 = 1954 = 1965 = 1969 = 1972 = 1973 = 1997 =

Le Prsident des Etats-Unis George Washington nomme Benjamin Banneker dans une quipe de prospection de la future Washington D.C. Aprs le renvoi du plani cateur Pierre LEnfant, Benjamin Banneker joue un rle central dans la poursuite du projet.

United States President, George Washington appoints Benjamin Banneker to a team that is surveying the future Washington D.C. A er planner Pierre LEnfant is red, Benjamin Banneker plays a central role in keeping the project going.

1834 = 1836 = 1846 =

Henry Blair dpose un brevet pour le planteur de graines.

Henry Blair receives a patent for a seed planter.

1798 = 1843 = 1887 1904 = 1887 = 1892 =

James Forten achte lentreprise de voiles de son employeur. Il va ensuite crer une voile plus facile et plus rapide manuvrer. Son entreprise est orissante et avec ses moyens Forten devient un membre actif du mouvement abolitionniste. Benjamin Bradley invente un moteur vapeur assez puissant pour tracter un navire de guerre 16 nuds (soit 29 miles). Cependant, tant esclave, il ne put dposer un brevet pour son moteur et fut forc de le vendre. Granville T. Woods invente plus dune douzaine dappareils pour amliorer les trains. Parmi les brevets dposs, il y a le frein lectromcanique, le tunnel pour trains, le systme de trains lectriques, et le frein air automatique. Alexander Miles invente la fermeture automatique des portes dascenseurs et le systme qui les maintient fermes entre les tages. Andrew Beard invente une variation du Jenny coupleur , un appareil dont les mchoires horizontales se ferment automatiquement quand deux voitures de trains sont en contact. Cette invention limine le risque que des hommes perdent leur vie ou leurs membres en reliant manuellement les voitures de trains. Granville T. Woods dveloppe une mthode de fourniture dlectricit aux trains sans cbles apparents et sans batteries. Il dveloppera ensuite le concept de troisime rail encore de nos jours utilis sur les plateformes de mtros. Elijah McCoy nait. Form en mcanique et en ingnierie en Ecosse, McCoy invente une tasse de lubri cation qui maintient huiles les parties mobiles dun train. Linvention de McCoy eut tellement de succs que lexpression le vrai McCoy fut cre pour dcrire les appareils ables. Garret Morgan dpose un brevet pour le feu de signalisation Morgan. Plusieurs systmes de signalisation avaient auparavant t brevets, mais celui-ci est produit bas cot et est le dbut de nos feux de signalisation modernes. Richard Spikes dpose un brevet pour le systme de freinage automatique qui permet un freinage alternatif en cas de dommage aux freins normaux dune voiture. Il a galement invent la transmission automatique des vhicules (1932) et a travaill aux feux directionnels des automobiles (1913). Michael Burton rejoint General Motors. Il est le designer en chef des extrieurs de la Cadillac SRX et de la STS. Il est actuellement directeur du design intrieur et travaille sur les tractions avant pour GMC, Saturn et Buick. Le nigrian Jelani Aliyu, chef designer de General Motors travaille dans lquipe qui a conu la Chevrolet Volt, la premire voiture de masse moteur lectrique.

James Forten buys his employers sail company. He goes on to invent a sail that could be better maneuvered at higher speeds. His business succeeded, and with his newfound wealth he becomes active in the abolitionist movement. Benjamin Bradley invents a steam engine powerful enough to move a battleship at sixteen knots (or 29 KPH). However since Bradley is enslaved, he is unable to patent his engine, and is forced to sell it to someone else. Granville T. Woods invents more than a dozen devices to improve electric railway cars. Some patents include the Electromechanical Brake, the Electromotive Railway, Tunnel Construction for Electric Railways, Electric Railway System, and the Automatic Air Brake. Alexander Miles invents the automatic closing doors on elevators and the locking system that keeps them shut when the elevator is not on that oor. Andrew Beard invents a variation to the Jenny coupler, a device in which horizontal jaws automatically lock together when two train cars bump into each other. This invention eliminates the need for men to risk life and limb by manually linking train cars. Granville T. Woods develops a method for supplying electricity to a train without exposed cables or batteries. He subsequently develops the concept of the third rail that is still used on subway train platforms today. Elijah McCoy is born. Educated in mechanics and engineering in Scotland, McCoy goes on to invent an automatic lubricating cup for keeping the moving parts of a train oiled. McCoys invention is so successful that the phrase the real McCoy was coined to describe well-made devices. Garret Morgan receives a patent for the Morgan Tra c Light. Though many had patented tra c light systems before, his was inexpensive to produce and formed the basis of our modern tra c light. Richard Spikes invents an improved automatic gearshi for cars. He is also known for his work on directional signals and the automatic safety brakes.

Marc Hannah cofonde Silicon Graphics Incorporated, entreprise fonde sur la technologie 3-D utilise dans lindustrie du divertissement, lingnierie, la recherche mdicale et militaire. John Henry Thompson invente le langage de programmation Lingo. Il utilisera Lingo pour dvelopper Macromedia et Shockwave, programmes qui livrent des contenus audio-visuels sur internet. Philip Emeagwali, scienti que et ingnieur invente un super ordinateur qui peut e ectuer 3.1 milliards de calculs la seconde, ce qui constitue le record du monde. Il y a russi en crant un moyen de relier les processeurs dordinateurs, devenant ainsi un des prcurseurs dinternet. Ingnieur-lectricien, Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande, reoit le Prix Career Award de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences pour son travail dans le domaine des crans plats, la technologie vacum applique la minilectronique, et des semi-conducteurs large bande. Il travaille actuellement sur les crans intelligents qui utilisent les pixels intelligents. Mark Dean est admis au panthon des inventeurs nationaux. Dean et son co-inventeur, Dennis Moeller, ont invent un systme de micro-ordinateurs qui partagent des informations avec des priphriques comme les disques durs, les appareils vido, les haut-parleurs et les scanners. Mark Dean dirige lquipe qui dveloppe le premier microprocesseur dun gigahertz qui peut traiter un milliard de calculs par seconde, rendant ainsi les ordinateurs plus rapides et plus petits.

Marc Hannah co-founds Silicon Graphics Incorporated based on his 3-D technology research which is used in entertainment, engineering, medical and military research. John Henry Thompson invents the Lingo programming language. He goes on to use Lingo to develop Macromedia Director and Shockwave, programs that deliver audio-visual content over the internet. Philip Emeagwali, Scientist and Engineer, invents a supercomputer that can compute 3.1 billion calculations per second, the world record. He does it by devising a way for computer processors to talk to each other, thus making him one of the founders of the internet.

Henry Blair dpose un brevet pour un planteur de coton.

Henry Blair receives a patent for a cotton planter.

Wesley Harris est le pionnier de lutilisation des ordinateurs pour rsoudre les problmes de dplacements rapides dair de la NASA. Depuis cette exprience, la NASA a acquis des superordinateurs puissants.

Wesley Harris pioneers the use of computers to solve problems of high-speed air movement at NASA. Based on his work, NASA is able to acquire more powerful supercomputers.

Elbert F. Cox devient Chef du Dpartement de mathmatiques de lUniversit Howard.

Elbert F. Cox becomes chair of Howard Universitys Department of Mathematics.

Le cosmonaute cubain Arnaldo Tamayo Mndez devient la premire personne dascendance africaine dans lespace. Il est membre de lquipe de Soyouz 38.

Cuban cosmonaut, Arnaldo Tamayo Mndez, becomes the rst person of African ancestry in space as part of the Soviets Soyuz 38.

Le thorme Rao-Blackwell merge du travail de David Blackwell et de son collgue C. Rao. Ce thorme permet lamlioration des performances dun estimateur.

The Rao-Blackwell Theorem emerges from the work of David Blackwell and his colleague, C. Rao. This theorem allows one to improve the performance of an estimator.

Norbert Rillieux dpose un brevet pour un vaporateur ra ner le sucre. Il est toujours utilis dans lindustrie sucrire ainsi que dans la fabrication de savon et dautres produits.

Norbert Rillieux patents an evaporator for re ning sugar. It is still used in the sugar industry as well as in the manufacture of soap and other products.

Lingnieur et colonel de larme de lair la retraite, Guion Bluford, Jr., devient le premier africain-amricain aller dans lespace. Il est membre de lquipage de la navette Challenger.

Engineer and retired Air Force Colonel, Guion Bluford, Jr., becomes the rst African American to go to space. He is a member of the space shuttle Challenger.

David Blackwell est nomm Professeur de statistiques lUniversit de Californie Berkeley. Il publie La thorie des jeux et les dcisions statistiques .

David Blackwell is appointed Professor of Statistics at the University of California at Berkeley. He publishes the Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions.

1896 = 1914 1918 = 1925 = 1939 =

George Washington Carver dirige lInstitut Tuskegee. Pendant les 30 annes qui suivirent, Carver dveloppe des innovations agricoles qui revitalisent lconomie du sud amricain. Il invente des utilisations pour les patates douces, le nib, les graines de soja, les arachides, et dautres produits.

George Washington Carver arrives at Tuskegee Institute to be the Agricultural Director. Over the next thirty years, Carver develops agricultural innovations that revitalize the economy of the American South, and invents uses for sweet potatoes, cowpeas, soybeans, peanuts, and others.

Electrical Engineer, Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande, receives the National Science Foundations Career Award for his work in the areas of at panel displays, vacuum microelectronics, and wide bandgap semiconductors. He is currently focusing on intelligent displays that use smart pixels. Mark Dean is inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Dean, and his co-inventor, Dennis Moeller, invents a microcomputer system with bus control means for peripheral processing devices that facilitates the use of plug-ins such as disk drives, video gear, speakers, and scanners. Mark Dean leads the team that builds a one-gigahertz chip that can process a billion calculations per second, helping to make computers faster and smaller.

Le physicien et astronaute, Ron McNair, meurt avec les autres membres dquipage lorsque la navette Challenger explose au dcollage.

Physicist and astronaut, Ron McNair, dies along with all other crew members when the space shuttle Challenger explodes a er launch.

David Blackwell est lu lAcadmie nationale des sciences. Il est le premier africain-amricain tre admis lAcadmie.

David Blackwell is elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He is the rst African American to be inducted into the Academy.

Henry McBay prouve que les tiges de gombo remplaaient e cacement la bre de jute dans la fabrication de sacs utiliss pendant la premire guerre mondiale.

Henry McBay proves that okra plant stems could be an e ective substitute for jute ber in the making of rope and fabrics for sacks used in World War I

1997 = 1997 = 1999 = 2002 = 2006 =

Lingnieur-mcanicien William D. Harwell conoit une manire de capter des satellites en orbite partir de la navette spatiale. Plus tard il conoit un mcanisme dadjonction magntique et dautres outils poule programme spatial.

NASA Mechanical engineer William D. Harwell designs a way to capture orbiting satellites from the Space Shuttle. Later he designs a magnetic attachment mechanism and other tools for the space program.

Le manuel de cours de David Blackwell Statistiques de base est lun des premiers sur les statistiques baysiennes. Ce domaine incorpore des connaissances antrieures, avec un jeu dobservations courantes, a n de crer des infrences statistiques.

David Blackwells textbook, Basic Statistics is one of the rst on Bayesian statistics. This eld incorporates prior knowledge, along with a given set of current observations, in order to make statistical inferences.

1892 =Lloyd Augustus Hall cr une nouvelle manire scher rapidement le chlorure de sodium (sel) pour produire un conservateur de viande. Lloyd Augustus Hall devises a new way of ash-drying Sodium Chloride (salt) to produce a widely used meat preservative.

Mae Jemison e ectue son premier voyage dans lespace comme membre dquipage de la navette Endeavour. Elle e ectue des recherches sur la cellule des os et est la premire africaineamricaine dans lespace.

Mae Jemison makes her rst trip into space as part of the space shuttle Endeavour crew. Her role is to help conduct bone cell research studies. She is the rst African American woman in space.

Francis Allotey fonde lUniversit Kwame Nkrumah de Science et de Technologie le Centre Informatique, introduisant ainsi lenseignement informatique dans son pays, le Ghana.

Francis Allotey founds the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Computer Centre, thus introducing computer education to his country, Ghana.

Fred Jones et Joe Numero dposent un brevet pour lappareil de rfrigration des camions cargos qui seront plus tard appels Thermo King. Ce produit rvolutionne plusieurs industries y compris celles du transport et des fruits et lgumes.

Fred Jones and Joe Numero receive a patent for the truck cargo air-conditioning device that would later be called the Thermo King. This product revolutionizes several industries including the shipping and grocery businesses.

1893 = 1923 = 1962 = 1999 =

James McLurkin dbute le Projet Swarm avec deux collgues. Le projet est bas sur leurs recherches en robotique miniature et imite le comportement des abeilles et des fourmis pour programmer des minirobots travailler lunisson. Les robots sont programms pour travailler de manire indpendante un objectif commun. Adekunle Olusola Adeyeye est nomm parmi les 100 meilleurs jeunes innovateurs par Technology Review pour ses recherches sur le procd spin electronics , la nano fabrication et le nano magntisme.

James McLurkin begins the Swarm project with two colleagues based on his miniature robotics research at MIT. The project imitates the behaviour of bees and ants to program mini-robots working in unison. The robots are programmed to work independently towards achieving a common goal. Adekunle Olusola Adeyeye is named one of the worlds Top 100 Young Innovators by Technology Review. His research includes spin electronics, nanofabrication and nanomagnetism.

Bernard Harris devient le premier africain-amricain marcher dans lespace.

Bernard Harris becomes the rst African American to walk in space.

Francis Allotey reoit le prix Prince Philip Gold Medal Award pour sa thorie formalisme Allotey , une technique utilis pour dterminer la matire dans lespace.

Francis Allotey is awarded the Prince Philip Gold Medal Award for his theory, Allotey Formalism, a technique used to determine matter in outer space.

1956 =

George Alcorn reoit le prix Government Technology Leadership Award pour linvention et la commercialisation du systme LIDAR de topographie arienne. Cest un outil qui dtermine les reliefs sur les plantes et les lunes en regardant travers des couches paisses de poussire.

George Alcorn is awarded the Government Technology Leadership Award for the development and commercialization of The Airborne Lidar Topographical Mapping System (ALTMS). This is a tool for determining the elevation of landforms on planets and moons by being able to see through thick layers of dust.

Kate Okikiolu devient la premire femme recevoir une bourse Sloan Research Fellowship, la plus prestigieuse des rcompenses pour les jeunes mathmaticiens. La mme anne, elle reoit galement la Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.

Kate Okikiolu becomes the rst black person to win a Sloan Research Fellowship, the most prestigious award for young mathematicians. In the same year, she also receives a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.

Le biologiste Percy Julian synthtise la cortisone partir de graines de soja. Cette invention rduit fortement le cot des mdicaments et soulage des milliers de personnes sou rant darthrite et dautres maladies.

Biologist, Percy Julian, synthesizes cortisone from soybeans. His invention greatly reduces the cost of the medicine and brings relief to thousands of people su ering from arthritis and other ailments.

1957 = 1977 =

F.M. Jones dpose un brevet pour une mthode de conservation de denres prissables.

F.M. Jones receives a patent for a method of preserving perishables.

Janet Emerson Bashen dpose un brevet pour Linkline, une application informatique utilise pour vri er le respect du principe dgalit des chances gales en matire demploi. Elle est la premire africaineamricaine obtenir un brevet pour une invention en informatique.

Janet Emerson Bashen patents LinkLine, a so ware application used to monitor Equal Employment Opportunity compliance. She is the rst African American woman to get a patent for a so ware invention.

Lancien astronaute, Charles F. Bolden, Jr., prend ses fonctions de 12me Administrateur de la NASA, le tout premier africain-amricain diriger lagence.

Former astronaut, Charles F. Bolden, Jr., begins his duties as the 12th NASA Administrator, the rst ever African American to lead the agency.

2006 =

William Massey devient membre de Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences pour ses contributions et avances de lanalyse des systmes de les dattente. La thorie des les dattente est ltude mathmatique des systmes incluant des clients attendant dtre servis. Le travail de Massey a aid amliorer le cacit des oprations des entreprises.

William Massey is made a fellow of the Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences for his contributions and advances to the analysis of queuing systems. Queuing theory is the mathematical study of systems involving customers waiting for services or resources. Masseys work helps to increase the e ciency of business operations.

Michael Burton joins General Motors. He is the lead designer on the exteriors of the Cadillac SRX and STS. He is currently director of interior design working on the front-wheel-drive platforms for GMC, Saturn and Buick. Nigerian Jelani Aliyu, a lead creative designer of General Motors, is on the team that designs the Chevrolet Volt, the rst mass-market vehicle to operate on an electric motor.

Emmett Chappelle commence ses recherches sur lutilisation de la uorescence induite par laser pour vri er distance la sant de la vgtation. Son travail conduit de meilleures mthodes de dtection du stress des plantes.

Emmett Chappelle begins research on using laser-induceduorescence (LIF) to remotely sense the health of vegetation. His work leads to better methods for detecting plant stress.

2009 =

( Electronique_ Computing )

( ExplorationSpatiale_Space Exploration )

( Mathmatique_ Mathematics )

( Agriculture_ Agriculture )

Transportation )

( Transports_

Transportation

Communications Energy

Engineering and MaterialsPROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION PROGRS DE LA CIVILISATION ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION

1876 = 1884 = 1887 = 1891 =

Lewis Latimer dessine les plans de la nouvelle invention de Graham Bell, le tlphone. Avec laide de Latimer, Bell put dposer le brevet de son invention avant ses rivaux.

Lewis Latimer dra s plans for Alexander Graham Bells new invention, the telephone. With Latimers help, Bell is able to patent his telephone before any of his competitors.

1922 = 1967 =

Le champion du monde des poids lourds Jack Johnson dpose le brevet dune cl molette invente alors quil est emprisonn pour avoir viol la loi Mann (qui interdit aux hommes noirs dpouser, de sortir ou de frquenter des femmes blanches).

World Heavy Weight champion, Jack Johnson, patents a wrench he invented while imprisoned for breaking the Mann Act (a law that prohibited black men to marry, date, or associate with white women).

1880 = 1888 1900 = 1931 =

Lewis Latimer vend le brevet de lampoule lectrique lament de carbone lentreprise dlectricit des Etats-Unis. Cest cette amlioration de lampoule originale dEdison qui mne la fourniture gnralise de lumire lectrique dans les rues et dans les maisons. Il inventera lanctre de lair conditionn (1886).

Lewis Latimer sells the patent for the Incandescent Electric Light Bulb with Carbon Filament to the United States Electric Company. This is his improvement on Edisons original light bulb invention that leads to the widespread provision of electrical lighting in public and at home. He goes on to invent a forerunner of the air conditioner in 1886.

1914 =

Garret Morgan dpose un brevet pour sa capuche de scurit protectrice contre la fume. En 1916, il lutilise pour sauver 32 hommes pris au pige dans une mine. Plus tard, elle est amliore et utilise par larme pendant la premire guerre mondiale.

Garret Morgan patents his Safety Hood and Smoke Protector. In 1916 he used it to rescue 32 men trapped in a mine, and later it was re ned for use by the Army in WWI.

Granville T. Woods dpose le brevet du transmetteur tlphonique.

Granville T. Woods patents a telephone transmitter.

George Alcorn obtient son doctorat en physique atomique et molculaire de Howard University.

George Alcorn earns his Ph.D. in atomic and molecular physics from Howard University.

Scale @ 25%1959 = 1962 = 1964 1995 = 1971 = 1976 1991 = 1992 =

Granville T. Woods dpose le brevet du systme tlgraphique induction qui permet aux trains en mouvement de communiquer. Il sera plus tard poursuivi par Thomas Edison qui prtendait lavoir invent. Wood gagna le procs mais mourut sans le sou.

Granville T. Woods patents the Induction Telegraph System, that allows moving trains to communicate with each other. He is later sued by Thomas Edison, who claimed to have invented it. Woods won the suit, but he died penniless.

Granville T. Woods dpose des brevets pour le systme arien de conduite des trains lectriques, la batterie galvanique, linterrupteur dlectricit et le freinage automatique.

1980 1988 = 1980 =

Sekazi Mtingwa co-dveloppe une thorie des faisceaux de particules appel di usion des faisceaux. Cette thorie tablit la limite de performance de plusieurs acclrateurs modernes. Elle a galement aid amliorer le taux de collision proton-antiproton Fermilab. Thomas Mensah travaille pour Air Product and Chemicals en Pennsylvanie. Il amliore le cacit des procds chimiques de cration un mlange plus pur de poly-actate de vinyle, un polymre.

Sekazi Mtingwa co-develops a theory of particle beam dynamics called intrabeam scattering. The theory sets the performance limits on many modern accelerators. It also helps to improve the rate of proton-antiproton collisions at Fermilab. Thomas Mensah goes to work at Air Product and Chemicals in Pennsylvania. He improves the e ciency of a chemical engineering process for the creation of a much purer blend of the polymer, polyvinyl acetate, than existed before. George Alcorn receives a patent for his innovative imaging x-ray spectrometer. This device improves scientists understanding of the component parts of many materials. For his e orts he is awarded the 1984 NASA/GSFC Inventor of the Year Award. James H. Williams Jr. publishes the 854-page book, Fundamentals of Applied Dynamics, just one among his many research accomplishments in advanced ber reinforced composites. Cardinal Warde is awarded the Companion of Honour by the Barbados Government for his ten inventions, including the Microchannel Spatial Light Modulator and Membrane-Mirror light shutters based on MicroElectro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Martin Culpepper is selected as one of the MIT Technology Review Nano 100 for his work building the machines needed to make high-quality, low-cost nanofabrication a reality. Herbert Winful, of the University of Michigan, publishes a landmark paper that explains a quantum tunneling paradox regarding the amount of time taken by an atom to tunnel through a barrier. Quantum tunneling is used in scanning tunneling microscopes that enable scientists to make observations at the atomic scale possible. Larry Sass, Director of the Digital Design Fabrication Group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, displays his Digitally Fabricated House for New Orleans at the Museum of Modern Art, New York.

Granville T. Woods receives patents for the Overhead Conducting System for Electric Railways, the Galvanic Battery, the Automatic Safety Cut-Out for Electric Circuits, and the Automatic Circuit-Breaking Apparatus.

1936 = 1940 = 1944 =

Percy Julian devient le directeur de recherche de la division des produits base soja de lentreprise Glidden Chicago. Il dpose plusieurs brevets et cre une mousse ignifuge utilise par les forces armes pendant la seconde guerre mondiale pour teindre les feux, sauvant ainsi des milliers de vies.

Percy Julian becomes the Director of Research of the Soya Products Division at the Glidden Company in Chicago, IL. He produced numerous patents and products, including a re-retardant foam used by the Navy and other armed forces during WWII to extinguish gasoline res thus saving thousands of lives.

ELEMENT: B1_Timeline Wall 11893 =Le Dr. Daniel Hale Williams e ectue la premire opration cur ouvert. Il est galement le fondateur de lHpital Provident de Chicago qui fut le premier hpital des Etats-Unis appartenant un africain-amricain. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams performs the rst successful open heart surgery. He is also the founder of the Provident Hospital in Chicago which is the rst African-American-owned hospital in the United States.

National Security

1900 = 1936 =

Granville T. Woods dpose un brevet pour la couveuse qui est une de ses nombreuses inventions dans llectricit et la communication.

Granville T. Woods patents the egg incubator, just one of his many electrical and communication inventions.

Philip Downing invente la boite aux lettres de rue, le prdcesseur de la boite aux lettres daujourdhui.

Philip Downing invents the street letter box, the predecessor to todays mailbox.

David Crosthwait cre le systme de chau age du Centre Rockefeller de New York.

David Crosth wait designs the heating system for New Yorks Rockefeller Center.

Richard Spikes invente larme canons multiples.

Richard Spikes invents the multiple-barrel machine gun.

Berry Leonidas invente un instrument de vision directe appele la sonde de gastroscopie utilise pour enlever des tissus malades de lestomac.

Berry Leonidas invents a direct vision instrument called the Gastroscopy scope used to remove diseased stomach tissue from a patient.

Otis Boykin invente une rsistance de prcision qui baisse les cots de production des ordinateurs, des radios et des tlvisions. Cette rsistance a galement contribu la cration du stimulateur cardiaque.

Otis Boykin invents a Wire Type Precision Resistor that makes computers, radios, and televisions less expensive. His resistor also contributes to the development of the pacemaker.

James E. West et son collgue Gerhard Sessler dposent un brevet pour le transducteur lectroacoustique (microphone). Leurs technologies sont prsentes dans 90% des microphones utiliss aujourdhui, y compris ceux des tlphones.

James E. West and his colleague, Gerhard Sessler, receive a patent for the Electroacoustic Transducer Electret Microphone. Their technologies are used in ninety percent of microphones used today, including those in telephones.

1984 = 1996 = 2003 = 2004 = 2006 =

George Alcorn dpose un brevet pour son spectromtre rayons X. Cet appareil amliore la comprhension des composants de plusieurs matriaux. Pour cette dcouverte il reoit en 1984 le prix NASA/GSFC de linventeur de lanne. James H. Williams Jr. Parmi ses ralisations, il y a les composites renforcs de bres. Il publie un livre de 854 pages intitul Fondamentaux de la dynamique applique. Cardinal Warde reoit le prix Companion of Honour du Gouvernement de la Barbade pour ses dix inventions, dont le modulateur spatial de lumire, les fentres en miroir-membrane bases sur les microsystmes lectromcaniques (MOEMS). Martin Culpepper est choisi par le MIT Technology Review parmi les Nano 100 pour ses travaux de construction des machines qui permettent la nano-fabrication de grande qualit et bas cots. Herbert Winful de lUniversit du Michigan publie un article rput qui explique le paradoxe des tunnels quantiques en ce qui concerne le temps mis par un atome pour traverser une barrire. Les tunnels quantiques sont utiliss dans les microscopes e et tunnel qui rendent possibles les observations lchelle atomique. Larry Sass, Directeur de Digital Design Fabrication Group au Massachusetts Institute of Technology expose sa maison de fabrication numrique destine la Nouvelle-Orlans au Muse dArt Moderne de New York.

1969 = 1973 & 1987 = 1975 = 1977 = 1978 =

Marie Van Brittain Brown et Albert L. Brown dposent un brevet pour un contrle dun systme de scurit domestique qui peut tre actionn distance. Cest le prcurseur des systmes modernes de scurit domestiques.

Marie Van Brittain Brown and Albert L. Brown co-patent an audiovisual door-monitor/home Security System that can be operated remotely. This is the forerunner to the modern home security system.

Ernest Wilkins Jr. rejoint le Projet Manhattan qui travaille la fabrication dune bombe atomique. Avec le futur prix Nobel, Eugene Wigner, il identi e le et Wilkins et le spectre Wigner-Wilkins, tous les deux en rapport avec la physique des racteurs nuclaires.

Ernest Wilkins Jr. goes to Chicago to work on the Manhattan Project. He is charged with building an atomic bomb. Together with future Nobel Laureate, Eugene Wigner, he identi es the Wilkins e ect and the Wigner-Wilkins spectrum that relate to nuclear-reactor physics.

1941 =

Charles Drew est le pionnier dun systme de conservation du sang qui fut dterminant dans la cration de la premire banque de sang. Ses e orts ont sauv des milliers de vie pendant la deuxime guerre mondiale. Il cre les oprations de dons de sang au pro t de la Croix Rouge amricaine.

Charles Drew pioneers a way to preserve blood that is instrumental in the establishment of the rst blood bank. His e orts save thousands of lives in WWII and form the foundation of the American Red Cross blood drives.

Medicine and Health

1944 =Lingnieure physicienne, Meredith Gourdine, une pionnire dans le domaine de llectro-gaz-dynamique invente Incineraid qui chasse fume des btiments en feu (1973), et un procd pour dbarrasser les pistes datterrissage des aroports du brouillard. (1987). Engineering Physicist, Meredith Gourdine, a pioneer in the eld of Electrogasdynamics invents Incineraid which helps remove smoke from burning buildings (1973), and a method of clearing airport runways of fog and mist (1987).

Phillip A. Carswell dpose un brevet pour une technique de cryptage la logique scurise des arrangements cryptographiques, qui permet de scuriser nos communications nationales.

Phillip A. Carswell patents an encryption technique, Secure Cryptographic Logic Arrangement, that helps ensure that our national communications and security are safe.

1943 =

Valerie Thomas travaille la NASA. Elle dirige le dveloppement de Landsat ; le premier satellite envoyer des images de lespace. Elle a galement dpos un brevet pour linvention de lmetteur dillusions (1980).

Valerie Thomas works at NASA. She manages the development of Landsat, the rst satellite to send images from space. She also receives a patent for inventing an illusion transmitter (1980).

1945 = 1959 = 1969 = 1986 = 1992 1995 =

Henrietta Bradberry, une femme au foyer dpose un brevet pour un moyen pneumatique tanche qui permet de tirer des torpilles sous la mer. Elle dpose galement un brevet pour une ridelle pour accrocher des vtements.

Henrietta Bradberry, a housewife, patents a waterproof, pneumatic means to re torpedoes under the sea. Her other patent, in 1940, was a rack for hanging clothing.

Linventeur autodidacte Fred Jones invente la machine rayons X portative. Il ne dpose pas de brevet pour son invention et malheureusement verra dautres hommes senrichir avec leurs versions de la machine.

Self-educated inventor, Fred Jones, invents the portable x-ray machine. He did not patent his invention and unfortunately witnessed other men make fortunes o their versions of the machine.

Clarence L. Elder dpose un grand nombre de brevets pour son systme dconomie dnergie Occustat qui utilise les dtecteurs de mouvement pour rduire le chau age dans les pices inoccupes.

Clarence L. Elder earns a number of patents for his energy saving Occustat system that uses motion detectors to lower thermostats in a buildings unoccupied rooms.

1970 =La rsistance lectrique bon march dOtis Boykin est la base de la rsistance variable qui dirige les missiles tlguids. Otis Boykins inexpensive electrical resistor becomes the basis for the variable resistor that directs guided missiles.

Dewey Sanderson invente la machine danalyse urinaire.

Dewey Sanderson invents the urinalysis machine.

Le physicien nuclaire Henry Sampson invente une cellule lectrique gamma- lectrique. Son invention permet la transmission de signaux audio par des ondes radio. Cette dcouverte mnera linvention du tlphone cellulaire.

Nuclear physicist, Henry Sampson, invents a gamma electrical cell. His invention allows for audio signals to be transmitted wirelessly through radio waves. This work leads to the invention of the cellular phone.

Lester Lee dpose le brevet du laser au dioxyde de carbone, destin fournir les faisceaux laser au moyen dune expansion rapide de gaz.

Lester Lee patents the Carbon Dioxide Laser Fuel, designed to fuel gas laser beams by means of rapid gas expansion.

Hugh MacDonald invente un systme de catapulte qui jecte les pilotes des avions en perdition.

Hugh MacDonald invents a rocket catapult system that safely ejects pilots from disabled aircra s.

1984 = 1988 =

Benjamin Carson devient le premier directeur de neurochirurgie pdiatrique de lHpital John Hopkins.

Benjamin Carson becomes the director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital.

La physicienne Shirley Jackson travaille aux laboratoires AT&T Bell. Ses inventions incluent le fax portable, le tlphone tactile, la cellule photovoltaque, les cbles de bre optique et la visualisation du numro de lappelant et des appels en attente.

Physicist, Shirley Jackson, works at AT&T Bell Laboratories. Her inventions include developments in the portable fax, touch-tone telephone, the solar cell, ber optic cables, and developments in caller ID and call waiting.

Alfred A. Bishop dpose un brevet pour les amliorations de la technologie nuclaire, particulirement le racteur nuclaire couverture radiale .

Alfred A. Bishop receives a patent for developments made to nuclear technology, speci cally the Nuclear Reactor with Self-Ori cing Radial Blanket.

Pendant quelle travaille aux Laboratoires Alamos, la chimiste Betty Harris dpose un brevet pour un test qui identi e les explosifs dans un environnement normal.

Chemist, Betty Harris, receives a patent for her spot test for identifying explosives in a eld environment while working at the Los Alamos Laboratory.

Patricia Bath dpose un brevet pour la sonde Laserphaco, un appareil qui aide supprimer la couche blanche des yeux (cataracte) dune manire plus prcise. Elle est la premire femme-mdecin noire dposer un brevet.

Patricia Bath receives a patent for the Laserphaco Probe, a device that can help remove cloudy lenses in the eyes (cataracts) in a less invasive and more accurate way than previous methods. She is the rst black female doctor ever to receive a patent.

Lincoln Hawkins reoit la Mdaille nationale de technologie des mains du Prsident des Etats-Unis, George H. Bush pour des avances dans lisolation des cbles plastique ont permis luniversalisation du tlphone.

Lincoln Hawkins is awarded the National Medal of Technology from U.S. President George H. Bush for a career in which his advances in plastic wire insulation help make universal telephone service possible.

2008 =

2006 =

Une quipe de chercheurs du MIT dont Paula Hammond, e ectue une modi cation gntique de virus pour crer de minuscules batteries lithium-ion. Les virus modi s collectent de loxyde de cobalt et de lor pour crer une anode, un des lectrodes de la batterie.

A team of MIT researchers, including Paula Hammond, genetically alters viruses to create ultra-small lithium ion batteries. The altered viruses collect cobalt oxide and gold to create an anode, one of the charged ends of a battery.

Pendant son mandat de Directeur du Programme Seawolf, Osie Combs conoit, dveloppe et fabrique un sous-marin techniquement avanc pour la marine amricaine, le Sea Wolf.

Osie Combs designs, develops, and constructs, the US Navys technologically advanced nuclear submarine, SEAWOLF, during his term as SEAWOLF Program Manager.

1997 =

Benjamin Carson e ectue la premire sparation de siamois craniopagus de type II. Il e ectue galement le premier placement intra-utrin de shunt pour un jumeau hydrocphale.

Benjamin Carson performs the rst completely successful separation of type-2 vertical craniopagus (Siamese) twins. He also performs the rst successful placement of an intrauterine shunt for a hydrocephalic twin.

Communications )

( Communications_

( Ingnierie et Matriaux_ Engineering andMaterials )

( Energie_

Energy )

( Scurit Nationale_ ( Mdecine et Sant_Medicine National Security ) and Health )

SELECTION CRITERIA The criteria used in compiling this list was: Innovation Impact of invention or accomplishment Created by an African, African-American or Afro-Caribbean

ELEMENT: B2_Timeline Wall 2FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT

PG 13

F. Blacks in Space

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Blacks in Space gives tribute to all the black astronauts in the space programs.

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ASTRONAUTS: Edward J. Dwight, Jr. Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. Arnaldo Tamayo-Mndez Guion S. Bluford, Jr. Ronald E. McNair Mae C. Jemison Frederick D. Gregory Bernard A. Harris, Jr. Livingston Holder Yvonne Darlene Cagle Winston E. Scott Robert L. Curbeam, Jr. Michael P. Anderson Stephanie D. Wilson Joan E. Higginbotham B. Alvin Drew Leland D. Melvin Jeanette J. Epps Charles F. Bolden, Jr. Robert L. Satcher, Jr.

I believe that in urban and rural cities there are great minds and talents with the hands that can control a spacecraft with the same dexterity that they control and handle a basketball. This talent must not be wasted. Ron McNair speaking to the Massachusetts State Legislature on education.


PG 14

G. Black Achievement in Science and TechnologyThe compilation video explores the plight of blacks from Africa to America and showcases the great bounds made in science while the same progress was happening simultaneously in terms of equal rights in America. The compilation video will begin in Africa, and progress through the history of blacks in science (inventors, airmen, astronauts, etc) and the positive contributions and accomplishments. It will then tell of the challenges, the racism and the underbelly of such

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accomplishments. This section will end with the lives of those who died in pursuit of science (Dr. Lawrence, Ron McNair) over some of the most moving speeches in honoring these men we will insert footage of black children who fought for education in the 50s. This footage will be put over sound bytes from the scientists/inventors themselves speaking about the importance of leadership, diligence, and persistence.

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http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtnFESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT

PG 15

H. ADIAS Multimedia Interactive Timeline, Encyclopedia, Website, and Social CommunityBLACK CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYA multimedia interactive timeline of black firsts, black inventors, black inventions, and pioneers in science and technology.

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The Timeline is a chronological account of black achievements in Science and Technology. Focus on the black experience, it includes entries on inventions by black people, black astronauts and the founding of professional organizations for black scientists.


PG 16

H. ADIAS Multimedia Interactive Timeline, Encyclopedia, Website and Social CommunityWIKI ENCYCLOPEDIAThe timeline is linked to a unique encyclopedia reference on global black culture in science and technology. The Wiki-like encyclopedia includes biographies on people, institutions, awardees, books, events, etc. The Wiki will be in English and French with future language versions to be added. http://www.adias.org/


PG 17

I. 25 Pioneers

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A columnar maze walkthru of black pioneers of science and industry from around the globe whose research and inventions have redefined their field and have had impact on the betterment

of mankind. Each profile includes a photograph, title, birthdates, region and country, a short bio, and a relevant quote. The profiles are both in English and French.

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25 PIONNIERS 25 PIONEERS 25 PIONNIERS 25 PIONEERS 25 PIONNIERS 25 PIONEERS 25 PIONNIERS 25 PIONEERS

25 PIONNIERS 25 PIONEERS 25 PIONNIERS 25 PIONEERS 25 PIONNIERS 25 PIONEERS 25 PIONNIERS 25 PIONEERS

1932>TODAYPHYSICIEN | MATHMATICIEN | PROFESSEURGhanen, Francis Allotey est un physicien et mathmaticien internationalement reconnu. Il est le crateur du formalisme Allotey . Il est devenu le premier professeur titulaire de mathmatiques ghanen lUniversit Kwame Nkrumah des Sciences et Technologies, et le premier introduire la formation informatique au Ghana. Allotey a reu de nombreuses distinctions pour son dvouement.

1855>1937INGNIEUR | GOGRAPHE | PHILOSOPHETheodoro Fernandes Sampaio est le ls desclave. Il devint ingnieur, urbaniste, gographe, philosophe et intellectuel au dbut du 20me sicle. Il a travaill Rio de Janeiro, dans les tats de Sao Paulo et de Salvador de Bahia. Au dbut de sa carrire, il rachte la libert de sa mre et de ses frres.

Ghanaian, Francis Allotey is an internationally recognized physicist and mathematician and the developer of Allotey Formalism. He became the rst Ghanaian Full Professor in Mathematics at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and was the rst to introduce computer education to Ghana. Allotey has received numerous honors for his dedication.

Allotey

PHYSICIST | MATHEMATICIAN | PROFESSOR

Theodoro Fernandes Sampaio was the son of a slave. He grew up to become an engineer, an urbanist, a geographer, a philosopher and intellectual of the beginning of the twentieth century. He worked in Rio de Janerio, Sao Paulo State and Salvador, Bahia. Early in his career he paid for his mother's and siblings freedom.

JAI VCU MA VIE SELON CE PRINCIPE : POUR Y ARRIVER, IL FAUT BEAUCOUP TRAVAILLER, FAIRE DES SACRIFICES, FAIRE PREUVE DE CONCENTRATION ET DE DISCIPLINE. VOUS DEVEZ VOUS PRPARER SERVIR LA SOCIT DANS LAQUELLE VOUS VIVEZ ET AVOIR DE BONNES COMPTENCES INTERPERSONNELLES. -Francis Allotey

Francis Allotey PHYSICIEN PHYSICIST 1932>TODAY GHANA AFRICA

Theodoro F. Sampaio INGNIEUR 1855>1937 BRAZIL SOUTH AMERICA

THEODORO SAMPAIO EST POUR BEAUCOUP DANS LES PREMIRES PRODUCTIONS SCIENTIFIQUES EFFECTUES PARTIR DUN POINT DE VUE BRSILIEN. AUPARAVANT, TOUT CE QUI AVAIT T FAIT DANS CE DOMAINE DANS NOTRE PAYS TAIT LE FAIT DE SCIENTIFIQUES TRANGERS AMRICAINS ET EUROPENS ATTIRS PAR LABONDANTE VIE ANIMALE ET VGTALE DU BRSIL.

I HAVE LIVED MY LIFE ACCORDING TO THIS: FOR YOU TO SUCCEED IN LIFE MEANS HARD WORK, SACRAFICE, FOCUS AND DISCIPLINED LIFESTYLE. YOU MUST BE PREPARED TO SERVE THE SOCIETY YOU LIVE IN AND HAVE GOOD INTER-PERSONAL SKILLS-Francis Allotey

Francis

-Ademir Pereira dos Santos

THEODORE FERNANDES

Sampaio

PHYSICIST

ENGINEER

ENGINEER | GEOGRAPHER | PHILOSOPHER

Francis Allotey Aba Bentil-Andam Ogobara K. Doumbo Diola Bagayoka Salimata Wade Phil Mjwara Zohra Ben Lakhdar Earl Long Ramsey Saunders George Norris Melville Cyril Lennox Moore Theodoro Fernandes Sampaio Juliano Moreira Andre Reboucas Shirley Ann Jackson Percy Lavon Julian Ernest Everett Just Herman Russell Branson Roger Arliner Young M. Wharton Young Lewis Howard Latimer Ronald E. McNair David Harold Blackwell Harold Amos James H. Williams Jr.

25 PIONEERS:

Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Caribbean Latin America Latin America Latin America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America

Ghana Ghana Mali Mali Senegal South Africa Tunisia St. Lucia Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Brazil Brazil Brazil United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

Profile of Francis Allotey

Profile of Theodoro Fernandes Sampaio

SELECTION CRITERIA This list was compiled with input from our advisors. Factors that were taken into consideration were their accomplishment in the Sciences, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Being African, African American, or Afro-Caribbean. And their having made a lasting impact in their chosen field.FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT

PG 18

J. Blacks in Science: Perception vs. RealityVIDEO DESCRIPTIONThe street interview video presents a juxtaposition of contrasts between professional and protg, expert and everyday people, and interviews and stills. It showcases both sides of the young scientists academic plight: the ignorance and unfamiliarity of laymen versus the challenging and perhaps isolating demands required for excellence in their field.

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Bolu Anifowose, 17 year-old student

http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtn


PG 19

K. 100 Profiles Video

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A slideshow presentation featuring iconic figures in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields from Africa, the Caribbean, Europe and the United States. Each icon includes their picture, their name and a brief tagline of

accomplishment. The visual impact of this roll call of icons is powerful and brings realization to the magnitude of black contribution to STEM.

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http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtnSELECTION CRITERIA The criterion for this was accomplishment in the Sciences, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. And Being African, African American or Afro-Caribbean

NAME OF PERSONAgnes Day Akintunde Akinwande Anthony R. James Aprille Ericsson Arlie O. Petters

REGIONNorth America Africa North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America

COUNTRYUnited States of America Nigeria United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

DESCRIPTIONMicrobiologist - Howard University Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT President and CEO, Savannah Electric Aerospace Engineer

Arlington W. Carter, Jr. Arnold Stancell Arnold W. Donald

Professor of Mathematics, Physics and Business Administration at Duke University Vice President and General Manager, Boeing Missile Systems Chemical Engineer Former Chairman of the Board, Merisant Company President, Lockheed Martin Federal Systems Built the first clock in the colonies and published an astronomy Almanac Former Astronaut, first African-American to walk in space, to the rightFESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT

Arthur E. Johnson Bernard Harris

Benjamin Banneker

PG 20

K. 100 Profiles Video (cont.)NAME OF PERSONBessie Coleman Bruce Ovbiagele Carol Espy Wilson Charles Bolden Charles Drew Cyril Moore

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REGIONNorth America Africa North America North America North America North America North America Caribbean North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America Africa North America Caribbean North America

COUNTRYUnited States of America Nigeria United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Trinidad & Tobago United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Central African Republic Trinidad & Tobago United States of America United States of America

DESCRIPTIONThe first female African-American pilot Vascular Neurologist, Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles First African-American Ph.D. in electrical engineering Former Astronaut, 12th Administrator of NASA Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer of NanoVec biotechnology company. Physician, developer of blood banks during World War II Biochemist (retired)

Chad Womack Ph.D.

Col. Guion Bluford Dale Emeagwali

Astronaut, and aeronautical engineer, first African-American in space. To the right Microbiologist, and Professor at Morgan State University

Daniel Hale Williams Darnell Diggs Derrick Pitts Dr. Eliza Grier

First African American surgeon to perform open heart surgery, founder of Provident Hospital, Chicago Physicist Chief Astronomer, Franklin Institute Science Museum, right Chemist, AT&T Bell Laboratories

Dr. James W. Mitchell

Emancipated slave who graduated from Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1897 Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Chancellor, University of Maryland Vice President, IBM

Dr. Janice Green Douglas Dr. John Brooks Slaughter Dr. Mark Dean Dr. Samuel L. Kountz Dr. William Wiley Earl Lucas Edray Goins

Dr. Warren M. Washington

Pioneering kidney transplant specialist Microbiologist and Educator, deceased Car Designer at Ford

First African American president of the American Meteorological Society

Edward Bouchet Erroll B. Davis Fern Hunt Fox Harrell

Associate Professor of Mathematics, Purdue University First African-American to earn a PhD in Physics Biochemist and Inventor. Holds 14 patents President, Wisconsin Power & Light Mathematician

Emmett Chappelle

Freeman H. Hrabowski, III Gaston Nguerekata George Carruthers George Melville Homer Neal

Associate Professor of Digital Media, MIT

Mathematician, President of University of Maryland, Baltimore County Professor of Mathematics, Morgan State University Engineer and Astrophysicist

Academician, Researcher, Diplomat and Administrator, PhD and MD Professor of Physics, University of Michigan


PG 21

K. 100 Profiles Video (cont.)NAME OF PERSONIda Owens J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr. James West

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REGIONNorth America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America Africa North America North America North America North America North America North America North America

COUNTRYUnited States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America South Africa United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America

DESCRIPTIONSenior Investigator, National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Mathematician Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Inventor of the Electret Transducer Former Astronaut, Discovery, to the right

Janet Emerson Bashen Joan Higginbotham Jocelyn Elders John Harris II Joanne Berger Sweeney

Inventor of Linkline software application, Founder and President of Bashen Corporation Neuroscientist, Dean, School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Massachusetts The first African-American Surgeon General VP, Contracts and Supply Chain, Raytheon Company

Kevin T. Kornegay Leland Melvin Lt. General Albert J. Edmonds Linda Gooden Louis Tompkins Wright Lt. Gen. Joe N. Ballard Luther S. Williams Lydia W. Thomas Mae Jemison Mary Daly

Director, Cornell Broadband Communications Research Laboratory

Astronaut, Atlantis, twice. Associate Administrator for the NASA Office of Education President, Lockheed Martin Information Technology New Yorks first African-American police surgeon Civil Engineer and B89Pilot REMOVE

Director, Defense Information Systems Agency. Manager, National Communications System

Lt. Comdr. Donnie Cochran

Chief of Engineers and Commander, US Army Corps of Engineers President and CEO, Mitretek Systems, Inc.

Biologist, Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Tuskegee University Former Astronaut, first African-American woman in space on the Endeavour The first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry Part of the first Expedition to reach the North Pole in 1909 Ophthalmologist Assistant Professor in Zoology, University of Toronto

Matthew Henson

Maurice F. Rabb Jr. Melvin Ramey

Maydianne Andrade

Michael P. Anderson Ndumiso Cingo Oliver McGee Patricia Bath Neil deGrasse Tyson

Professor Emeritus, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis Astronaut, deceased when Space Shuttle Columbia exploded on entry Head of the CSIR National Laser Centre in South Africa Astrophysicist

Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Howard University Ophthalmologist and inventor Chairman and Managing Director, Mobil Producing Nigeria Inc. Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT Chief Designer at Chrysler Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Emeritus at Michigan State University

Paul L. Caldwell, Jr. Paula Hammond Percy Pierre Ralph Gilles


PG 22

K. 100 Profiles Video (cont.)NAME OF PERSONRamsey Saunders Reginald Van Lee Robert Satcher Rodney ONeal Ron McNair Robert Curbeam Jr. Rodney C. Adkins Caribbean

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REGION

COUNTRY

North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America North America Africa North America North America North America Africa

Trinidad & Tobago

DESCRIPTION

United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America Ethiopia United States of America United States of America United States of America South Africa

Physicist - Research Scientist and an Educator Senior Vice President, Booz Allen Hamilton Former Astronaut, Discovery twice and Atlantisonce Astronaut, Atlantis and an Orthopaedic Surgeon Vice President, Development, IBM

Executive Vice President, Delphi Automotive Systems

Samuel Massie

Astronaut, deceased when Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart shortly after take-off, Worked as a chemist on the Manhattan Project to develop the atom bomb Professor of Mathematics at State University of New York, Buffalo Electrical Engineer President, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Physicist Astronaut, Discovery, three times Cosmologist

Scott W. Williams

Shaundra S. Daily Solomon Bililign

Shirley Ann Jackson Stephanie Wilson Sylvester Gates Thulani Dlamini Ursula Burns Walt Braithwaite

Professor of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University

Stephon Alexander

Physicist and Mathematician. Martin Luther King Visiting Professor in Physics at M.I.T. Toll Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland, College Park Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (SA). Group Executive for R&D Vice President, Information Systems, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group President and CEO, The Aerospace Corporation Mechanical Engineer and President, Business Group Operations, Xerox Corporation

North America North America North America Africa North America North America North America North America North America/ Africa North America North America North America

United States of America United States of America United States of America Kenya United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America United States of America/ Kenya United States of America United States of America United States of America

Wanda M. Austin Wangari Maathai Wesley Harris Wesley A. Brown William D. Smith, P.E. William Massey Window Snyder Winston Scott Yvonne Cagle

Environmentalist, First African Woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize, 2004 First African-American graduate of the Naval Academy Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics, Associate Provost, MIT President, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc. Professor of Operations Research and Financial Engineering

Former chief security something-or-other (her official title) at Mozilla Retired Astronaut, Endeavour twice

Woodrow Whitlow

Associate Administrator for Mission Support at NASA

Astronaut in training, qualified for flight assignment as a mission specialist


PG 23

L. Summary WallThe exhibit closes with an inspirational visual collage of black innovation and the advancement of civilization and an inspirational quote and text to youth about the future contributions by Africans and the African Diaspora.

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Dr. Mae Jemison Dont let anyone rob you of your imagination, your creativity, or your curiosity. Its your place in the world; its your life. Go on and do all you can with it, and make it the life you want to live. Dr. Mae Jemison In 1992, physician and astronaut Mae Jemison became the first African American woman to travel in space.

UNSTOPPABLE!People of African heritage have always been inventors, innovators, and entrepreneurs. They took their creativity, curiosity, spirituality, and passion into areas of science and technology, even when at times it was considered off limits for black people. And they made a difference. These are just some of the people, like you, who have made and continue to make significant contributions to our understanding of the world. They have advanced civilization and made the world a better place. We all build upon what they have accomplished. It is the diversity of thought and the full participation of all cultures, countries, and regions, in advanced research and the like, that will enable us to reach beyond the stars, beyond our current comprehension of the universe and its inner-workings, for the betterment of all. In the African Renaissance, we will see from the scientists of today and tomorrow, innovations, breakthroughs in computational-based and biotech industries, new forms of high speed travel, new financial models that govern macro- and micro-economics, new materials and new industries and businesses that will dominate world markets.PG 24


Technical SpecificationsFUNCTION ROOMS CAPACITY CHART FUNCTION ROOM Pavilion Senegal Chapiteau Meridien Sq.M. 300 1000 Sq.Ft. 984 3.3 Length M. 20 50 Length Ft. 65.6 164.1 Width M. 15 20 Width Ft. 49.2 65.6 Hight M. Central 5.5 7

In assembling the final exhibit in Senegal, there are

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Dakar Exhibit Book

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