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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli

Introduction to Dual Band System


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Capacity Evolution10MHz Bandw idth 900 and 1800

'98 '99 '00 '01 '02

Erl/sqkm

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

900Macro

1800Macro

Microcellularand Indoor

Area Solution

Hot Spot4km2

DB MacroMicro cellsIndoor

HighDensity

10km2

DB MacroMicro cells

MediumDensity20km2

DB Macro

LowDensity200km2

900 Macro

CONFIDENTIAL


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Differences in Coverage

% of Traffic from Indoors

Dual Band MobilePenetration

Efficiency of Traffic

Management

Factors Affecting Dual Band Capacity

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1

Outdoor Location Probability

Distance/k

m

900MHz

1800MHz

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1

Indoor Location Probability

Distance/km

900MHz

1800MHz


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Propagation Differences Between GSM 900 and 1800

Outdoor

Co-located site withseparate DCS andGSM antennas

Outdoor urbanenvironment

Difference in downlinksignal level

RESULTS :

Average diff. = 9.5dB,Range = -6 to 22 dB

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

-15-12 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

sampes


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Co-located sites withseparate DCS and GSMantennas

Indoor urbanenvironment

Difference in downlinksignal level

5 types of buildings

RESULTS :

Average diff. = 15 dB,

Range = -4 to 28 dB

8

14

1918

14

17

2022 22

28

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Apartment Office B Shop Hospital Office A

dB

average

maximum

Propagation Differences Between GSM 900 and 1800

Indoor


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GSM900 MacroGSM900 Micro

GSM1800

Possible Dual Band NW Structures

Co-located sites+ in-fill sites

Continuous andseparate coverage Hot spot coverage

Co-located sites +micro cells


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Dual Band Parameters

Only three parameters come with the Dual band option:

Dual band cell (DBC); default value = Yes

Early sending indication (ESI); default value = yes

Multiband Cell reporting (MBR); default value = 1


8/46NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli

Dual Band ParametersDual Band Cell (DBC), Yes

When the option dual band is activated, all the cells under the dualband BSC

broadcast sysinfo 2ter in idle mode.Early Classmark Sending (ESI), Yes

By default, the ESI is set to yes, even when the option Dualband is notactivated

All the dualband phones send the CM3 IE to the network

In the dedicated mode and if the mobile is Dualband, the Early classmarksending procedure will be triggered that tells the BSC to add the systeminformation 5ter containing the frequencies of the other band to be measuredfor this call

Multi Band Reporting (MBR), 1

The network tells the mobile to report 1 frequency of the other band if it canfind any.Then the mobile will complete the report with frequencies of thesame band. If still less than 6 neighbors, the mobile tries to report frequenciesof the other band.


9/46NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / Eli

Classmark 3

MSC MSC

CM3

CM3

CM3CM3

Call set upHandover

1800

BSC

BTS

BSC

BTS

CM3

900

Stores CM3

CM3 = Mobile's supported bandsPower Class in each supported band

* Shown in multivendor environment

Possibility to seeseparate trafficstatistics for singleand dual bandmobiles


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System Information Messages

Sys_Info Messages 2ter and 5ter tell the dual band MS aboutthe adjacent cells allocated from the other frequency band

2terin idle mode 5terduring a call

Single band MS will ignore Sys_Info 2ter and 5ter

Idle mode

900Sys_Info_2Sys_info_2bisSys_info_2ter

Sys_Info_2Sys_info_2bis

1800 1800

1800

900

900 900

900

900 900

Single band MS Dual band MS


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Multi Cell Reporting

Multi_Cell_Rep: Number of neighbour cells the MS willreport from each band

900

900 900

1800

1800

900 900

1800

900

1800 1800

1800

Measure32neighbours 6

Report6 bestmeasurements

Mobile can.....

3 3

1 5

1800 900

1800900

Strongest


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Introduction to Dual Band NetworkPlanning


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% of Traffic from Indoors

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1

Indoor Location Probability

Distance/km

900MHz

1800MHz

Typical indoor location probability formacro sites in a dense urban environment

Factors Affecting Dual Band Networks

Differences in Coverage

Efficiency of Traffic

Management

Dual Band MobilePenetration


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Possible DB network structures (2)

HOT SPOTS LOCATION

GSM 900

GSM 1800

+Cost effective: need to deploy new sitesonly where the capacity is required

+Roll-out can be planned to match thedual band handset penetration

+No interference on 1800 layer

-Requires high DB handset penetration

-Many inter-band handovers


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CO-LOCATED Sites

2-layers NW

GSM 900

GSM 1800

+Optimum use of the existing sites

+Miminises the site acquisition and the siteshare related costs

+Neighbour lists relatively easy to define.- Complete outdoor / indoor coverage may not

be achieved in the DCS layer

- especially if the GSM coverage is onlyadequate

Need for In-fill sites- building of the separate indoor coverage

may be requiredin some areas

- Requires roomy site places


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GSM 900 MacroGSM 900 Micro

GSM 1800

CO-Located Sites

+ Microcells 3 or 4 layers Network

+Capacity oriented

+1800 Indoor compensated by micros normal way to build capacity

-Need for advanced multilayer handling

-Many inter-band handovers

GSM900 and 1800 BTSs under Same BSC


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Interband handover = intra BSC handover

Shorter and more reliable handover Fully utilises advanced BSS features and traffic management

Common transmission link

Easy network management

GSM900 and 1800 BTSs under Same BSC- Intra BSC HO

MSC BSC

G

S

M

D

C

S

GSM Cell

DCS CellOMC

OMC

NMS/2000


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Effective Dual Band Traffic Management

Mobiles are managed between the bands & layers based onRF Levels,Traffic Loads and MS speed

IdleMode

Call Setup

In Call

C2 Parameter Direct Access toDesired Layer/Band

Advanced MultilayerHandling

Adjacent Cell Priorities& Load factors

Umbrella orPBGT HO

FMMS Detect


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Idle Mode MS Management (Phase 2)

Define the priorities for cell selection/reselection

between the layers.

Use the C1 and C2 parameters : RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN

CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET

TEMPORARY_OFFSET

PENALTY_TIME

Cell Specific Values

Dedicated Mode Multi layer Strategies


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Dedicated Mode Multi-layer StrategiesCurrent Features

Define the HIERARCHY between the layers for call

handling. Current Handover Algorithms :

Umbrella HO

Cell Layer Adjacency / Fast Moving MS

Classic :

UL/DL Level or Quality alarms, PBGT with Positive or Negative margin,

Distance.

Traffic Management


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Traffic ManagementBasic Dual Band HOs

900

1800

RX_lev

time

RX_levUmbrellaHO

time

900

1800

RX_lev

RX_levHO

1800 #1

1800 #2

RX_lev

time

Power Budget

HO

Pushing trafficto GSM1800

Keeping TrafficIn GSM1800

Back to GSM900safety net


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Triggering Order for HOs If two or more criteria for a handover are present simultaneously, the priority order is

the following:

1.Interference (uplink or downlink)

2.Uplink quality

3.Downlink quality

4.Uplink level

5.Downlink level

6.MS-BS distance (maximum or minimum)7.Turn-around-corner MS

8.Rapid field drop

9.Fast/Slow-moving MS

10.Better cell (Power budget or Umbrella)

11.PC due to Lower quality thresholds (uplink and downlink)12.PC due to Lower level thresholds (uplink and downlink)

13.PC due to Upper quality thresholds (uplink and downlink)

14.PC due to Upper level thresholds (uplink and downlink).


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Triggering Order for HOs

When two or more of the previous indicated criterias 1 - 9 arepresent simultaneously, the BSC performs the target cellevaluation only according to the criteria which has the highestpriority

For example in a case of Uplink quality and Uplink level, thetarget cell evaluation would be done according to the Uplinkquality

2 L St t


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NOKIA FILENAME.PPT / 14.2.2001 / EliNOKIA DEFAULT.PPT / 22.08.1997 / AO page: ##

GSM 900GSM 900

Radio

ReasonHO

GSM 1800

2 Layers Strategy :PBGT / Umbrella Handover

GSM 1800

PBGT HO

PBGT HO

Umbrella HO

LOWER

SAME

SAME


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Fast Moving MS Handling and MS Speed


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Fast Moving MS Handling and MS SpeedDetection

Two features: "Fast moving MS handling in macro cell" and "MS Speed Detection".

Fast moving MS handlingin macro cell feature uses the adjacent cellmeasurements to define the MS speed and can be used with RF frequency hopping.

The MS speed detectionfeature uses the crossing rate algorithm to define the MSspeed and it must be used without RF frequency hopping.

The slow mobiles can be directed to micro / 1800 cells and the fast-moving mobilescan be held in macro / GSM900 cells.

BENEFITS

- Successful handovers between macro cells- Better service and higher capacity for fast moving MSs

F M i MS h dli


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Fast Moving MS handling

Macro cells parameters

for each adjacent micro cell:

Counter_Threshold

RXLEV_MIN

HO_LEVEL_UMBRELLA

BSC

micro

macro as serving cell

Fast moving MSs handled in macro cell, slow moving MSs directed to micro cellsbased on the time MS has spent on the coverage area of an adjacent micro cell(received measurements from the micro cell).

Triggering:

+2, when the RXLEV of the neighbouring

lower level micro cell increases theRXLEVMINCELL threshold

-1, when the RXLEV is smaller than thethreshold or no measurement result

Selection:

All the lower level cells are the target cells

of which the RXLEV is bigger than theHOLEVELUMBRELLA

3 Layers Strategy


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RR HO

RR HO / PBGT

3 Layers StrategyPBGT (+/-), FMT

RadioReasonHO

PBGT HO

PBGT HO

PBGT HO

NEGATIVEPBGT

GSM 900 GSM 900

GSM 1800 GSM 1800

Micro GSM 900

FASTMOVING

MSHO

FASTMOVINGMSHO

SAME

LOWER


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Adjacent Cell Priorities and LOAD Factors

If (Load > LoadThreshold)NewPriority = HoPriorityLevel - HoLoadFactor

900 microcells

900 macro1800

List acc. toradio meas.

HoPriorityLevel

HoLoadFactor

LoadThreshold

Load NewPriority

9001800

13

70%70%

60%80%

24

21

Adjacent Cell Parameters

0 to 77 = HighestPriority

INTRA-BSC

FEATURE

GSM900 IUO i D l B d N t k


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NOKIA DEFAULT.PPT / 22.08.1997 / AO page: ##

GSM900 IUO in Dual Band Network

SAME / PBGT HO

SAME / PBGT HO

GSM 900

GSM 1800 GSM 1800

GSM 900

UmbrellaHO

RR HO

Regular

Super

Regular

Super

BSIC de-coding time

DB MSs report less cells from GSM900 -> less reliable C/I estimation

DB MSs can be denied to access to the super layer

MBR reporting can be used on 900 layer to ensure enoughmeasurement results for C/I estimation


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Future DB Features

Direct Access to Desired Layer/Band


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Direct Access to Desired Layer/BandS8 feature

900 Macro

900 Micro

1800

Traffic Channel Allocation during call set up (SDCCH handover)

HighestPriority

2nd priority 2nd priority

3rd priority

DB MS campedon 900microcell

DB MS campedon 900macrocell

900 Micro

1800

HighestPriority

E.g. Preference = 1800 Layer

Can extend call setup times by several seconds

AlsoDirected Retrywith priorityfeature

Advanced Multilayer Handling (AMH)


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900 MacroPower budget marginsadjusted basedon cell load

BSC Traffic Reason Handover

Balance The Load...

1800

900 Macro

During low loadprevent some handover paths

1800

micro

IUO Super

y g ( )

Improve Quality...


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Nokia Dual Band Base Station and SiteConfigurations

Site Configuration


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g

Single band antennas(current accepted models)

Dual polarisation possible

MHA possible

Small risk forintermodulation

Reliable antenna

measurement

Usable now

Extra feeders

Extra antennas for the otherband

GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 900 GSM 1800

Main Div.Main Div.

Single banddualpolarisationantenna

Singlebandantenna

DB BTS or

Separate BTSsMaximum Configurations:

AFE; (4+4) x n

RTC; (6+6) x n

MHAsoptional

MHAsoptional


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DB Support in Network Planning andManagement Tools

Network Planning and Monitoring


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Network Planning and Monitoring

Capacity Planning

Frequency Planning Parameter Planning

Monitoring

NPSXNetdimNDW

NPS/X 3.3

NDW

PlanEdit

NMS/2000

Measurement Tools for Network Monitoring


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Measurement Tools for Network Monitoring

Cell Doctor in NMS/2000. The tool extracts data in text format from the

database. NDW can be used for Quality / traffic monitoring. It uses the database of

NMS/2000.

TIM / TOM monitoring SW with DB functionality can be used for indoor /outdoor drive tests

Ericsson TEMS monitoring tool can be used for the normal drive tests andspecial DB functional testing


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Nokia Network Management SystemNMS2000

Single NMS manages both GSM900 & GSM1800

Network Doctor provides information for optimizationTCH congestionHO resultsHO causes

UL & DL QualityDrop call ratio etc

New counters (per cell) for dual band networkCumulative TCH holding time by single band subscribersCumulative TCH holding time by dual band subscribers

Cumulative TCH reservations by single band subscribersCumulative TCH reservations by dual band subscribers

Proportion capacity between bands

Network management by same tool

Dual Band Measurements


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Provides MS traffic information

Dual Band MeasurementsNMS2000

Handover Adjacent Cell Measurement


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Handover Adjacent Cell MeasurementNMS2000

Useful information for cell planning & network optimization

Up to four specific HO reasonsProvides the following information:

Location area code HO attempt from cell

HO success from cell HO attempt to cell HO success to cell HO attempt from cell failed due to lack of resources HO attempt to cell failed due to lack of resources

The information is gathered from all handovers or thosecaused by user defined reason(s).

Handover Results


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Network Doctor

Source Target****** ******BTS NAME Target BTS NAMEBCF NAME HO=> HO=>


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Handover Cause per CellNetwork Doctor

Cells by HO cause

between 19980902 and 19980918

UL DL

*** *** Dist CI

qua qua *** *** Slow

BTS NAME lev lev high MSC Pre Fld Bad Mov

BCF NAME itf itf low Umbr PBGT OMC DR emp drp Good MS Nbr of

BSC (BTS id) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) HO att

---------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ------

DCS_sector2 0 0 0 0 94 0 1 0 0 0 0 711

DCS 4 0 0 0 0

BSC22(104) 0 0

Other Quality MeasuresNetwork Doctor


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Network DoctorCells having TCH congestion

TCH

Period Period Aver raw

BSC BCF name start start avail Cong blck

(BTS id) BTS name day hour TCH (sec) (%)

--------------- --------------------- ---------- ------ ----- ----- -------

BSC22 DCS_BCF 1998-09-12 08:00 1.0 6 0.00

(104) DCS_sector2

17:00 1.0 35 0.00

19:00 1.0 24 0.00

21:00 1.0 49 0.00

22:00 1.0 26 0.00

1998-09-13 00:00 1.0 24 0.00

11:00 1.0 22 0.00

13:00 1.0 154 0.00

14:00 1.0 106 0.00

1998-09-14 13:00 1.0 37 0.00

15:00 1.0 118 16.67

19:00 1.0 27 0.00 1998-09-15 01:00 1.0 1452 57.32

02:00 1.8 665 0.00

TCH Drop call ratio (dcr_3c) per cell

Bids**** Rf Tr Abis Aif (%) (%)Call (%) (%) (%) (%) **** **** Drop

BTS DR in **** **** **** **** Lapd User RatioBCF FCS call call call call BTS Cnfg (%)BSC (BTSid) T-T HO old old old old BCSU Act dcr_3c

----------------- ------ ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- ----- ------DCS_sector2 40 0 0 0 0 0.0 2.2 2.2DCS_BCF 5 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0BSC22 (104) 0 0.0 0.0

294

%in %in %in %in %in %in %in %in Call q0 q_1 q_2 q_3 q_4 q_5 q_6 q_7

TRX Quality

*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** UL UL UL UL UL UL UL UL ULTRX DD HR DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL--- -- -- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ------

5 18 16 92 96 96 100 100 100 100 100 24 75 83 83 92 100 100 100 100 24

17 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 100 84 93 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 84

DB Testing


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The following functionality was tested and proven by using a dual band mobile:

Calls on individual bands

Handovers between bands

Synchronous and asynchronous

Internal and external BSC

Inter MSC

Handovers with frequency hopping activated

Directed retry

g

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