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Designing and
Managing Integrated Marketing Channels
Key Concepts
Marketing Management at
Royal Philips Electronics
One of the world’s biggest electronics companies and Europe’s largest, with sales of over $36 billion.
Secret of RPE’s success isDistribution
Marketing Channels and Value
Networks
• Marketing channels—sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption.
• Value network—a system of partnerships and alliances that a firm creates to source, augment, and deliver its offerings.
Push and Pull Strategies
PullAdvertising and
promotion
PushSales force and trade promotion
Marketing Flows
Commonalities Among All
Channel Functions
• They use up scarce resources
• They can often be performed better through specialization
• They can be shifted among channel members
Consumer and Industrial
Marketing Channels
Channel-Design Decisions
• Analyze customers’ desired service output levels
• Establish objectives and constraints
• Identify major channel alternatives
• Evaluate the major alternatives
Analyzing Customers’ Desired
Service Output Levels
Lot sizeLot sizeWaiting and delivery time
Waiting and delivery time
Spatial convenienceSpatial
convenience
Service backupService backup
Product varietyProduct variety
Establishing Objectives
and Constraints
• State channel objectives in terms of targeted service output levels.
• Objectives vary with product characteristics.
• Environmental factors:• Competitors’ channels• Economic conditions• Legal regulations and restrictions
Identifying Major Channel
Alternatives
• Types of intermediaries• Merchants• Facilitators
• Number of intermediaries• Exclusive• Selective• Intensive
• Terms and responsibilities of channel members• Price policy• Conditions of sale• Distributors’ territorial rights
• Mutual services and responsibilities
Evaluating the Major
AlternativesDetermine whether own sales force or a sales agency will produce more sales.
Determine whether own sales force or a sales agency will produce more sales. Estimate the
costs of selling different volumes through each channel.
Estimate the costs of selling different volumes through each channel.
The Value-Adds vs. Costs of
Different Channels
Channel-Management Decisions
• Selecting channel members
• Training and motivating channel members
• Evaluating channel members
• Modifying channel arrangements
Channel Integration and
Systems
Horizontal marketing system
Horizontal marketing system
Vertical marketing system
Vertical marketing system
Multichannel marketing systems
Multichannel marketing systems
Vertical Marketing
Systems (VMS)
Administered VMS
Administered VMS
Corporate VMSCorporate VMS
Contractual VMSContractual VMS
Contractual VMSs
Retailer cooperatives
Retailer cooperatives
Wholesaler-sponsored
voluntary chains
Wholesaler-sponsored
voluntary chains
Franchise organizations
Franchise organizations
Horizontal Marketing Systems
Two or more unrelated companies put together resources or programs to exploit an emerging marketing opportunity.
Two or more unrelated companies put together resources or programs to exploit an emerging marketing opportunity.
Integrated Multichannel
Marketing Systems
Multichannel marketing
Occurs when a single firm uses two or more marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments.
Multichannel marketing
Occurs when a single firm uses two or more marketing channels to reach one or more customer segments.
Integrated marketing channel system
Strategies and tactics of selling through one channel reflect the strategies and tactics of selling through other channels.
Integrated marketing channel system
Strategies and tactics of selling through one channel reflect the strategies and tactics of selling through other channels.
Conflict and Cooperation
Channel conflictGenerated when one channel member’s actions prevent another channel member from achieving its goals.
Channel conflictGenerated when one channel member’s actions prevent another channel member from achieving its goals.Channel
coordinationChannel members are brought together to advance the goals of the channel.
Channel coordinationChannel members are brought together to advance the goals of the channel.
Types of Conflict
Multichannel
Vertical
Causes of Channel Conflict
Unclear roles and rights
Differences in perception
Goal incompatibility
Dependence
Strategies for Managing
Channel Conflict• Adoption of superordinate goals
• Exchange of employees
• Joint membership in trade associations
• Co-optation
• Diplomacy, mediation, or arbitration
• Legal recourse
Legal and Ethical Issues in
Channel Relations
.
Exclusive dealingExclusive dealing
Exclusive territoriesExclusive
territories
Tying agreementsTying agreements
Dealers’ rightsDealers’ rights
Impact of Internet on
Marketing Practices
E-businessE-business
E-commerceE-commerce
E-purchasingE-purchasing
E-marketingE-marketing
Breakthrough Marketing:
Amazon
Started as a bookseller, now a $10 billion company!
Pure-Click Companies
• Search engines
• Internet service providers (ISPs)
• Commerce sites
• Transaction sites
• Content sites
• Enabler sites
Internet Sources of Information
Supplier Web sitesSupplier Web sites
InfomediariesInfomediaries
Market makersMarket makers
Consumer communitiesConsumer communities
Brick-and-Click Companies
• Strategies for gaining acceptance from intermediaries when selling through intermediaries and online:• Offer different brands or products on the Internet.
• Offer offline partners higher commissions to cushion the negative impact on sales.
• Take orders on the Web site but have retailers deliver and collect payment.
Why E-Commerce Succeeds
Convenience – 24/7Convenience – 24/7
Ease of useEase of use
TrustTrust
AvailabilityAvailability