Design&Process Explan LENGKAP

8/13/2019 Design&Process Explan LENGKAP

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OSPITAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTPLANTS( WWTP)( Contract Agreement No. 139/ag!ro/PM/."or/#II/$%%1A&&. No. %3'/ag!ro/PM/."or/I/$%%$ )

MINISTR O* EALT O* T E REP+LIC O*IN,ONESIA

INLAN, TRAININ- MAN+AL

OSPITAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT PROECTSAMNE+N- CONSTR+CTION CO. LT,.0+ALIT CONTROL TEAM

Octo2er $%%3


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+n&ertan&5ng o 7ate7ater c4aracter5t5c+n5t 8e& 5n 7ate7ater treatment;,en5t:;Concentrat5on;*6o7 rate*6o7 rate mea8r5ng met4o&;Mea8r5ng met4o& 2: 9% Tr5ang6e 7e5r;Mea8r5ng met4o& 2: Par4a66 68meP4:5ca6 7ate7ater c4aracter5t5c;o65&C4em5ca6 7ate7ater c4aracter5t5c;Organ5c matter( O, CO, TOC T4O, NO,)5o6og5ca6 7ate7ater c4aracter5t5c;M5croorgan5m;Inorgan5c matter (P N5trogen P4o!4or8 ,O)

;Tem!erat8re;!;O,5oc4em5ca6 O?:gen ,eman&;,5o6@e& O?:gen ( ,O );CO, ( C4em5ca6 O?:gen ,eman& );TSS an& SS;*ree N 3;POB( P4o!4ate );Tota6 Co65orm

Wate7ater Ana6:5 Stan&ar&

Biological process control2: m5croorgan5m 5n&e?

Biological process control2: @58a6 5n&e?

a!!en&5?


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Intro&8ct5on

Conce!t o t4e S:temMan:


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A&@antage o 685&5>e& 2e& 25o56m treatment :temT4e mot 8n5=8e c4aracter5t5c o 685&5>e& 2e& 25o6og5ca6 !roce 2: 5o;

-reen me&5a can ma5nta5n t4e 45g4 concentrat5on 25o ma. T4e 45g4

concentrat5on 25o ma attac4e& to me&5a 5 5nen5t5@e to &5t8r2ance an&

@ar5at5on 5n t4e 5ncom5ng 7ate 7ater. T4e !ace o 5oreactor can 2e

a6o re&8ce& 2: ma5nta5n5ng t4e 45g4 concentrat5on 25o ma.

An ot4er 2ene5t o t45 !roce can treat 2ot4 O, an& n5trogen 5n ame

reactor at t4e ame t5me.

,e5gn conce!t5on 8n&ertan&5ng or o!erat5onT4e ma5n 8n5t !roce o t45 7ate7ater treatment !6ant 5 t4e aero25c

25o6og5ca6 treatment !roce.

T4e o!erat5on o aero25c 25o6og5ca6 treatment !roce nee& 45g4 tec4n5=8e

2eca8e t4e 25o6og5ca6 !roce m8t contro6 m5croorgan5m. M5croorgan5m 5aecte& 2: t4e en@5ronment 8c4 a t4e &5o6@e& o?:gen !4 oo&

n8tr5ent tem!erat8re to?5c mater5a6 an& ant525ot5c. Str5ct6: !ea


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Environment laws & regulations

Wastewater Effluent Standard

Where, Free NH3means NNH3, and P!"means PP!"


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#he characteristics of hospital wastewater

%&'ay processing

room

(linical )

pathologic

examination room

*emodialysis room

'adio&isotope

room

+aundry room

Toilet, delivery

atient rooms

$peration

#mergency room

+aboratory

-$rganic materials-mmonia-athogenic bacteria-ntiseptic-ntibiotic

/astewater source

-Solvent organic

materials-hosphorus-*eavy metals-0lexible p*

"a1or materials$mpact at high concentration

in %iological treatment

(hicken room

-hosphorus-p* 2&34-BS, 5&*exane

-$rganic materials,

0at oil-hosphorus-BS cleaner

-g, other heavy

metal

-radioactive

substance

-ntiseptic ' to(ic to micro

organisms

-nti%iotic ' to(ic to micro

organisms

-Heav) metals' to(ic to

microorganisms-Fle(i%le pH ' to(ic to

microorganisms

-pH *+ ' to(ic to micro

organisms-BS ' %u%%le forms in %io

reactor

-Fat oil ' low o()gen transfer

to water-BS cleaner' %u%%le forms

in Bioreactor

-g ' to(ic to microorganisms

-radioactive su%stance ' to(ic

#he hospital wastewater sources


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-Station wastewater such as patient rooms, operation room, delivery room,

emergency room, hemodialysis room, toilet have an e!ual range to the

composition of municipal wastewater with respect to ($6, B$6, 5itrogen,

hosphorous.

-ntiseptic is made by cleaning procedures and antibiotic is produced from

patient excrements and medical treatment procedures.

-ntiseptic and antibiotic are diluted by other wastewater in buffer basin.

But microorganisms cannot function in state of inhibitory concentration

-*eavy metals and chemical agents are mainly produced from clinical )

pathologic examination room and other +aboratory. /hen heavy metals and

chemical agents are discharged to wastewater system in extremely high

concentration, biological treatment system may be impacted by above

materials. strong acid or strong alkaline chemicals may be also discharged

from laboratory.

s compared with total wastewater, if high load mounts7load is volume

times concentration8 are produced, these materials should not be dumped

to the sewer but disposed separately.

-The wastewater from kitchen have fats and oils in butter, margarine, and

vegetable fats and oils.

0ats are among the more stable of organic compounds and are not easily

decomposed by bacteria.

0ats and oils are high viscosity materials and interrupt the transfer of

oxygen to wastewater. In the other hand, the fluidi9ed bed attached with

fats and oils may be abnormal function.BS cleaner is used for washing dish and kitchen tools. The form made by

BS also interrupt the transfer of oxygen to wastewater.These material are

removed in the pretreatment system. $perator always should check trouble

in the pretreatment system

#he hospital wastewater characteristics


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-The laundry wastewater is characteri9ed by *:;. The optimum range forthe biological treatment process is between


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$mpact reducing methods in %ioreactor

-$rganic materials&(arbohydrates&roteins&0ats, oils&esticides

&others

-hemical characteristics

Ph)sical characteristics

-Solids-Temperature-0low rate

-TSS ?@44 mgAl-Temp ?2 4(-0low rateC=4&D44 mAd

-haracteristics

-B$67only biodegradable

$rganics8 E? 44mgA+

-($67(hemical oxygen

$rganics8 E? =44mgA+

.easuring data$mpact reducing methods

in %ioreactor

-ntiseptic ' diluted in

Buffer basin-nti%iotic ' diluted in

Buffer basin-Fat oil from /itchen '

by pretreatment system-BS from /itchen &

0aundr) ' by pretreat&

ment and spray system

-#o(ic materials from 12a)

room 'no inlet by separation

-Heav) metals from

0a%orator) ' retreatment by

existing septic tank

-radioactive su%stanceC

no inlet by separation

-Pathogenic %acteria ' no

impact

-Inorganic

materials&*eavy metals&5itrogen&*&hosphorus&radioactive

substance

Biological characteristics-athogenic

bacteria

-*eavy metals C low

concentration-5itrogen C5&5* free

?@mgAl-* C


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esign flow rate

arameter Fnit Inf luent /aste /ater #ffluent /aste /ater Indonesian Standard 738

Temp. G( 2 H D4 ? 4 &

p* < H ; < H ; < H ;

B$6 mgA l ? 44 ? 4 ? 4($6 mgA l ? =44 ? 24 ? 24

TSS mgA l ? @44 ? 4 ? 4

5* 0ree mgA l ? @ ? 4.3 ? 4.3

$D mgA l ? = ? ?

Total (oliform"5A 344ml & ? 34,444 ? 34,444

'emark 738

Jovernment standards by "inistry of #nvironment 6ecree 5o. K#&=2A"#5+*A3A3;;= for li!uidwaste !ualification for hospitals including sewage wastewater. The above defined !uality

assurance parameters are in line with the specification of the "inistry

& 0low rate for general hospital C 4.=

mAbedAday

& 0low rate for mental hospital C 4.D mAbedAday 724>

of general hospital8

5o. Type of plant (apacity7mBAday83 /s =4

I /3 344

B /I I44

D /B B44

= /D D44

&ccording to the hospital bed number, plants areclassified = 7five8 typical types

with same process

esign Basis for HWW#P

$nfluent and target 4ualit)


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Flow %loc/ diagram


P8m!5ng

tat5on

Screen

8er a5n

Treate&

Water a5n

+!6o7 56ter

,55nect5on

a5n

E68ent

ace& e&

5o56m Reactor

Sett65ng a5n S68&ge

Storage

,e7ater5ng

S:tem

S!ra: Water

S68&ge Ret8rn

Inc5nerat5on S:tem

Ho!5ta6 So65&

Wate

C6ean5ng

Water

L5t Stat5onNee&e& 4o!5ta6

on6:

C5t: ,ra5n or Ot4er

*rom War& La2orator: O!erat5ng Room

Pre Treatment *ac565t:

*rom "5tc4en

*rom La8n&r:


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rocess Item6esignvalue Fnit rocess Item

6esignvalue Fnit

+ift station

Influent time 34 *rAd

Treated waterbasin

'unning time D *r

*'T 4 "in *'T H D *r

Bufferbasin *'T D *r

Fpflow filter

+inear velocity 34 "Am.6

0BB'

B$6 vol.+oading 3.4< Kg B$6AmAd (apturing SS 3H3< KgAm

"+SS ,@=4 "gAl 'emaining SS 4.2 KgAm

"+SS ,444 "gAl 6isinfection *'T 3= "in

0A" ratio 4.=Kg B$6Akg"+SSAd Basin

T((in1ection conc. = "gAl

*'T < *r Sludge storage

basin *'T @ 6ay

'eturn sludgeratio

6ewateringsystem

(apacity 4.2A3.= "Ahr

"edia attached"+SS 4 JAea

"ixing tank*'T = "in

"edia packingvol. @

> 0or 0BB'cap.

0ecl in1ectionrate 2 >

Settlingbasin

Surface loading 34 "Am.6Sludge water

content ;; >

*'T = *r (ake water

content @= >

Settled sludge"+SS 34,444 "gAl

esign -riteria



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Pollutant 2emoval Efficienc) of 5nit Process

6ivision B$6 ($6 TSS 5*0ree $D 'emark

I50+F#5T 7mgAl8 44 =44 @44 @ =

S('##5 In 7mgAl8 44 =44 @44 @ =

$ut 7mgAl8 @4 D=4 3D4 @ =

'ate 7>8 34 34 24 L L

0BB' In 7mgAl8


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Process escription

1.Pre-Treatment

The wastewater from the Kitchen and +aundry will be pre&treated to eliminate the grease o

foam by the pre&treatment facility, e.g. grease interceptor.

2.Buffer basin and Screen Facility

+ift station is a transient storage of influent wastewater. In this system 'ake Screen is

installed to remove the suspended solid automatically above the buffer basin. Screened

materials are incinerated in the incinerator.

Influent wastewater will be e!uali9ed of pollutant loading and prevention of decay of organ

matter, grit and others settlement material. Buffering process 7shaking and mixing8 basinMs

*'T will be operated for D&hour operation. nd submersible mixer and transfer pumps ar

installed.

3.FBBR System

0luidi9ed Bed Bio&film 'eactor is the main part of the wastewater treatment plant. bout

@> of reactor volume is filled by the floating medias 7Bio&green8 in where microbes are

cultivated.

In this reactor, suspended growth and media attached microorganisms are biodegrade to

soluble

organic pollutant containing wastewater and "+SS concentration will be sustain to ,444

mgAl.0or aerobic growth of microorganism, oxygen is supplied into this reactor by aeration

blower. "edia must not be made of fragile material and has large specific surface area.

$ther auxiliary facilities are diffuser, v&notch, and spray system.

4.Settling Basin#ffluent and sludge from 0BB' system are flown into settling basin in where decanting

water shall be separated from and sludge by gravity settling. The sludge will be collected b

the sludge scrappers to the sludge hoper in the center of the basin and rotated by cyclo&

reducer. 6ecanting water over flow through weir and transfer to next stage of treated wate

basin.

5.Treated Water BasinTreated water basin has roles as transient storage basin of biologically treated water, whic

is covered with slab but has inspection hole. gitation diffuser and transfer pump are

installed for next filtration process.



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Process escription

.!" fl#$ FilterIn up flow filtration, the residual suspended solid should be removed by media

absorption method. Backwashing of absorption materials is performed by final treatedwater.

%.&isinfecti#n Basin(hlorination facility is used to sterili9e the effluent before discharging into receiving

water. 0or safety, sterili9ation process will last for at least fifteen 73=8 minutes retention

time. 0inal effluent line has a flow meter. $thers auxiliary facilities are chemical storage

tank include agitator chemical 75a$(l8 in1ection pump and parshall flume type flow

meter.

'.Sludge St#rage BasinThe sludge will be stored temporarily in sludge storage basin before transferring to

dewatering system. The sludge storage basin is applied for seven 7@8 days storage

volume. #!uali9ation sub mixer and transfer pump are installed.

1(.)ity Water Basin(ity water is provided for spraying water to 0BB' system, chemical dilution and belt

cleaning. Booster pump is provided for the water supply.

11.*ffluentTreated water will meet the re!uired standard of wastewater and has to be discharged to

the city sewer, principally.

ll calculations covering process and mechanical design are submitted separately.

+.Sludge &e$atering System/aste sludge has about ;; > water content. It is flocculated with 0erric (hloride and after

dewatering sludge cake is converting to about @= > water content. 6uring dewatering, city

water is used for the belt cleaning. 0inally, dewatered cake is moved to outer of the *ospit

or incinerated by the incinerator.



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Process Flow iagram



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0a) !ut



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S#(TI$5 NB & BN

NN

J

J

S#(TI$5 . & .

Section rawing



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uto ra/e screen



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'$$TS B+$/#'

-entrifugal Pump & 2oots Blower



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5p Flow Filter



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ewatering 5nit



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- 'emove such as 0at, oil, BS, Suspend Solid

Purpose

Principle

- The micro siever remove the solids.- The met combination eliminator remove the oil.

Wastewater collection s)stem

Pretreatment s)stem

!peration and maintenance

- The micro siever must be cleaned at the one time per one week- Separated oil must be occasionally removed for normal function from

pretreatment system.

- Bottom sludge must be also occasionally cleaned up in bottom ofpretreatment at the one time per one month.

O!erat5on ma5ntenance man8a6


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Pretreatment for /itchen


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-umping station and lift station are located in lowest area of drainage system.-the wastewater from each source flow in gravity flow and then collected to the

pumping station or lift station.-The collected wastewater is pumped to buffer basin

Purpose

Jravity flowJravity flow

To auto

rake screen

pumppump

+ift stationpumping station

0loating oil

bottom sludge

+S+S

-ump is run automatically by level switch

-0or the prevent the pumps, floatable materials are floated to the surface of water in

front of baffle and solids are settled in bottom of basin .

-The floated materials and bottom sludge must be occasionally removed from station

for preventing the damage of pumps by the hard particle materials.

-umps cannot be run under low low level for preventing of the dry run of pumps evenif in state of manual set.




Pumping station and lift station


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Su%mersi%le pump


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High pressure cleaner


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uto ra/e screen


-'emove debris such as plastics, tree,

rags, large organic material,other large

solids-revent the rotation machines such as

pumps, mixers.-'educing B$6, SS, ($6 load by

removing debris such as solids, organics.

Purpose

Principle

-"ore si9e 6ebris than clear spacing between rakes is removed-(lear spacing between bars is about &


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0rom lift station pump

To 0BB'

uto rake screen

pumpBuffer basin

+S

** level

* level

+ level

++ level

"iddle

level

- Buffer basin is for average feeding of impact matters such as peak flow

rate, peak B$6, peak h, and peak toxic matters.

Purpose

E=8a65>at5on :temO!erat5on ma5ntenance man8a6

- In automatically, pump be run at high level and stop at low level.- in manually, pump can run at above low low level. But pump cannot be

run under low low level for prevent the damage of pump in manually or in

automatically.- The concentration of impact matters can be approached to the average

concentration when the wastewater is holed as much as possible in buffer

basin. But if running level is maintained above middle in ordinary days,wastewater may flow over buffer basin. Therefore, optimum running

levelis middle level6- Su%mersi%le mi(er must %e operated for the 7" hours per a da)- $f do not run su%mersi%le mi(er, the concentration of

contaminations can not %e averaged and the solids is settled to

%ottom of %asin6- #he flowing %iological treatment s)stem ma) %e impacted %) the

fle(i%le concentration of contaminations6- #he %uffer %asin pumps are also damaged %) the settled high

concentration solids6



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E=8a65>at5on :temO!erat5on ma5ntenance man8a6

S82mer526e M5?er an& 28er 2a5n !8m!

- Impact matters to the bioreactor are rapidly averaged by submersible

mixer.- This is also for no settling of sludge.- ump id for feeding average flow rate.

Purpose

Principle

- Submersed motor is cooled by wastewater.- In manually, mixer can be run above low low level. But mixer cannot be

run under low low level for prevent the damage of mixer even if in state ofmanual set.

- The impeller of pump and submersible mixer can be damaged by debris

or hard materials

- $perator always clear the surrounding of wastewater plant in order thatmaterials may be not flied and dropped into basins from the surrounding.

- 6o not stop the buffer basin pump because the flexible flow rate may

impact to the biological process.- (heck the flow rate every day.- (heck the mixing state by submersible mixer every day.

-See next page operation and maintenance manual



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-erobic process is biological treatment process that occurs in the presence of

oxygen.-naerobic process is biological treatment process that occurs in the absence of

oxygen.

-5itrification is the biological process by which ammonia is converted first to nitrite and

then to nitrate.

-6enitrification is the biological process by which nitrate is converted to nitrogen and

other gaseous end products.

-Suspended&growth process is the biological treatment process in which the

microorganisms are maintained in suspension within the li!uid.

-ttached&growth process is the biological treatment in which the microorganisms are

attached to medias within the li!uid

efinition of terms

-This system is erobic process O naerobic process.

-Suspended&growth microorganisms and attached&growth microorganisms exist

together in one reactor.

-Suspended&growth microorganisms are maintained in suspension within the li!uid in

the reactor.

-ttached&growth microorganisms is growing as a bio&film on medias that move along

with the water in the reactor .

-Suspended&growth microorganisms is usually responsible for the decomposition of

organic matters.

-ttached&growth microorganisms can remove not only organic matters but also

nitrogen by nitrification&denitrification.

-Because the bio&film made by attached&growth microorganisms is high biomass

concentration, the reactor re!uires a relatively small apace.

-The microorganisms inner biomass can be saved from the impact such as toxic

matters, shock B$6 loading, and shock h.

escription for the Fluidi8ed Bed Biofilm process

Biological unit operations



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5

#reatment principle for FBB2 S)stem

"edias are moving in bioreactor"edia before putting in bioreactor

$

($

$rganics

#nd products

"edia

The microorganisms attached to media Schematic representation of the cross section of Biofilm

Biofilm 7Biological +ayer8

5*




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-The conversion of organic matters occurs in the presence of o()genby suspended&

growth organisms and attached&growth organisms.

-5ew cell is produced by the conversion of organic matters 7see above&mentioned

!(idation and s)nthesis formula9

-/hen the new cell is separated from water and is removed from system, complete

treatment can be accomplished %ecause the cell is organic.

!rganic:B!9 removal

-There are two methods for nitrogen removal. $ne is consumed as nutrient when new

cell is produced by the conversion of organic matters.

-n other one is nitrification&denitrifiction that occurs in media by the next principle.

-5itrification is converted first to nitrite by nitrite bacteria and then to nitrate by nitrate in

the presence of o()gen.

-6enitrification of nitrate is converted to nitrogen and other gaseous end products bydenitrification bacteria in the a%sence of o()gen.

-$rganic matters need for denitrification. Therefore, $rganic matters can be removed

during denitrification.

-In the outer portion of bioflim, 5itrification occur by ttached&growth microorganisms

because of the presence of o()gen6

-s the microorganisms grow, the thickness of biofilm increase, and the dissolved

oxygen is consumed in the outer portion before it reach to the inner portion of bioflim.

Thus denitrification occur in the inner portion of bioflim.

-s the media move along with the water in the reactor, the li!uid wash the bioflim off

media.thus, the thickness of biofilm is automatically controlled by continuous moving of

the media.

-in conclusion, In the outer portion of bioflim, both the conversion of organic matters

and nitrification occur together.

Nitrogen removal




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Phosphorus removal-The phosphorus in wastewater treatment is also consumed as nutrient whennew cell is produced by the conversion of organic matters.

-hosphorus and nitrogen will be removed in the next approximate ratio in

the biological treatment. the removed B$6= C 5 C E 344 C = C 3 by

weight

!ther materials removal-The suspended solids are removed by attachment to bio&flocs.

-$ther heavy metals are removed by absorption into bio&flocs.

-Some kinds of microorganisms can decompose the toxic organic

matters.

Environment re4uirements

-h should be controlled between


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Settling %asin

Treated

water

Process control for FBB2 S)stem

Bacteria growth curve in

%atch reactor

+og growth phase

Bio reactor Settling %asin

/aster water

'eturn sludge/aste sludge

Bio reactor

Thenumberofce

ll

Type PQ growth curve

0ig&.Typical bacterial growth curve in continuous flow

Type PBQ growth curve

Type P(Q growth curve

The lag phase C

The organisms acclimate to new

environment and begin to divide

The log growth phase C

The organisms grow in the log growth

rate because of enough food7B$68.

The stationary phase C

The growth of organisms is offset by

the death of old cell in according to

decrease of B$6.

The log death phase CThe bacteria death rate exceeds the

production of new cells because of

poor food7B$68.

.

-;er) good settlea%le %ioflocs are

made at dar/ area point in fig+%acterial growth curve

Settlement of %ioflocs in

settling %asin

0ig&3.Typical bacterial growth curve

in batch reaction.

Stationary phase 6eath phase

Thenumberofcell

+ag growth phase time

E(cellent settlement

-!perator should control Foodto

microorganism ratio:F growth curve of fig76




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!peration parameters for FBB2 S)stem

"+SS is usually maintained in 444 to D444 mgA+ in aeration tank

0A" control method C

R, and S4 is difficult to be control because the wastewater is coming to wastewater

treatment plant continuously. Thus, 0A" can be controlled by %, % is controlled by return

sludge flow rate.

"ean cell&residence time control C

r% and Re%e is constant. Thus, c can be controlled by waste sludge flow rate.

"+SS control method C

In above formula, R, and %r is constant. Thus, "+SS can be controlled by return sludge

flow rate. In usually, "+SS 7mixed li!uid volatile suspended solids8 is about 24 to ;4> o"+SS 7mixed li!uid suspended solids.

0oading -riteria

R S4

r %-0ood&to&microorganisms70A"8 E

-The mean cell&residence time 7c 8Er%

R/%/O Re%e

/here

R E influent flow rate

S4E influent B$6 concentration, mgA+ 7gAm8

rE aeration tank volume, m

% E concentration of volatile suspended solids in the aeration tank, mgA+ 7gAm8

cE mean cell&residence time based on the aeration tank volume, d

R/E waste sludge flow rate, 7mAd8

%/E concentration of volatile suspended solids in the waste sludge, 7gAm8ReE treated effluent flow rate, 7mAd8

%eE concentration of volatile suspended solids in the treated effluent, mgA+ 7gAm8

Rr E return sludge flow rate, 7mAd8

%r E concentration of volatile suspended solids in the return sludge, mgA+ 7gAm8

7RO Rr8 % E R S4 O Rr %r E Rr %r 7where, S4 is very small than %r . Therefore, R S4 E48Rr %r

R O RrThus, "+SS7%8 E

R S4 r %

R/%/

Re%e

Rr %r

eration tankSettling basin

7RO Rr8 %




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o control

B$6 shortage by

too much organisms

In case of over 6$ than standard

#ndogenous

respiration

6$ control range C

& mgA+0irst aeration pond

4.=&3 mgA+Second aeration pond

6$ control range#'TI$5 $56

"icroorganisms

deathBreakup and low

specific gravity of cell

5onsettleabl

flocs

In case of lower 6$ than standard

+ow growth of

organisms

#nough

B$6

0ree&swimming of

"icroorganisms

6ispersion of

"icroorganisms

5onsett

able floc

B$6 shortage by

too much organisms5itrifiction of

ammonia

6enitrifiction in

settling basin

roduction of 5itrogen

gas in settling basin

'ising sludge

nitrogen gas

Nutriment control :N, P9

-5itrogen and phosphorus will be re!uired for growth of organisms in the next approximate

ratio in the biological treatment.

the removed B$6= C 5 C E 344 C = C 3 by weight.

/here, nitrogen is forms of 5&5*, 5&5$. nd phosphorus is form of & $D.

-But this hospital wastewater have nitrogen and phosphorus enough to remove B$6=.




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#emperature control

-The optimum temperature is 4 to 24(.-$rganisms may be not function in state of above @ 4( or under 3 4(.-But the temperature range of this hospital wastewater may be 2 to =4(.

pH control-$ptimum pHis


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!peration pro%lem and solution

Bul/ing sludge

-6efinition C the bulking sludge is poor settling characteristics and poor compactability.-Type of the bulking sludge is two.-$ne is caused by the growth of filamentous organisms or organisms that can grow in a

filamentous form under adverse condition. 0ilamentous sludge is low specific gravity like

the swelled cotton-The other is nonfilamentous bulking by other miss operation.

Type of bulking (ause of bulking Solution of bulking

0ilamentousbulking

0luctuations in flow 6o not stop the buffer basin pump andfeed wastewater into aeration tank inaverage flow rate.

5o optimum p* "aintain above 3.=m water level frombottom of buffer basin for holding dilutionwastewater5o optimum

temperature/idely varying B$6load

in flow of stalewastewater

Supply air to buffer basin

oor nutrients75, 8 "ay be enough.

+ow dissolvedoxygen

$perate in optimum range

+ow 0A" ratio Increase return sludge flow rate

Insufficient solubleB$6

6o not use BS detergent. (heckincoming of 0at oil

nonfilamentousbulking

Improper B$6 load $perate in optimum 0A" ratio

$ver aeration $perate in optimum 6$

The presence of toxicmatters

Separate high concentrative toxicmatters




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Settling %asin

Purpose-ctivated sludge is settled in settling basin.- Settled bio sludge is retuned to 0BB' for control of "+SS in 0BB' continuously.- #xcess bio sludge is wasted to sludge storage basin.

no 6#S('ITI$5 "#T#'I+S

3 (U(+$I6 '#6F(#' F'

S*0T STS4D

S('#' '" STS4DO'FBB#'

D S('#' STS4D

= (#5T#' /#++ STS4D

< "#T+ B$% STS4D

@ TF'5 BF(K+# STS4D

2 /+K /U SSD44

; *56 'I+ STS4D

34 /#I' STS4D

Principle

- (U(+$I6 '#6F(#' must run for D hours per day for return of sludge and for no

unaerobic of sludge.-ll weir always flow in same flow rate. If some weir be closed by any matterials,

wastewater may flow to other weirs. This may reduce the efficiency of settlement.-lgaes may be reproduced in weir flow road.-lgaes will increase B$6 in effluent, If not removed with brush.-lgaes are reproduced in environment enough at same time of nutrients such as

nitrogen, phosphorus, B$6, and sunlight.- (are in order that any materials may not be dropped to basin.- The dropped materials will damage the impeller of pumps.






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ir suppl) s)stem

Purpose

-This biological process is aerobic process. erobic process need oxygen.-Blower and diffuser are e!uipments to supply oxygen.-"embrane 6isc 6iffuser be installed in 0BB'. This have high efficiency of

oxygen transfer because bubble si9e is very small.

Principle

-Blower run for D hours per day continuously.--ontrol air with vales for each medias to moving well e4uall)






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#reated water %asin and #


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isinfection %asin

Purpose-6isinfection basin is consist of two pond.-$ne is holding pond for backwash of the up up flow filter. The other is mixing pond

for disinfection.-The disinfected wastewater must be used for backwash of filter because the

disinfected wastewater will kill bacteria in 0BB' .

B(K /S* F"

0'$" F 0+$/ 0I+T#'

F"

JITT$'

6ISI50#(TI$5 BSI5

#00+F#5T

0$' 6ISI50#(TI$5

0$' B(K /S*I5J

0'$" (ITU /T#'

(*#"I(+

ST$'J# T5K

Principle

-In automatically, pump run by logic installed in the panel of the up&flow filter-in manually, pump can run at above low low level. But pump cannot run

under low low level for prevent the damage of pump in manually or in

automatically.-(hemical for disinfections will feed to small pond located in effluent line. n

then the chemical will be mixed with wastewater trough the effluent line and

the effluent pond by the deference water head power

-arshall flume flow meter is installed in front of disinfection basin.-arshall flume must be cleared vocationally because dirty materials may interfere the

exact measure of flow rate.

isinfections s)stem


+S


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isinfectants

Purpose-6isinfection refer to the selective destruction of disease&causing organisms.-(hlorine compounds are usually used for disinfectants.-/hen chlorine compounds are added to water, chlorine compounds are converted to

hyphochlorite ion7$(l&8 or hyphochlorous acid7*$(l8-hyphochlorite ion7$(l&8 or hyphochlorous acid7*$(l8 destroy the bacteria

-"any kind of chemicals can be used for the disinfections. "ost of these chemicals

are a chlorine or other compounds combined with chlorine. The compounds combined

with chlorine is easier to package and handle than chlorine.

These combined compounds is follows C

(alcium hypo chlorite, sodium hypo chlorite, tri&chloro&isocyanurine acid7T((8.

-+6 -hlorine

-(hlorine is usually supplied in the form of li!uid and gas under pressure.

-But (hlorine is very dangerous because of reaction with many inorganic or organic

compounds.

-76 -alcium h)po chlorite

-(alcium hypo chlorite is easier to package and handle than chlorine.

-(alcium hypo chlorite is most usually supplied as a powder or in small granular form.

-This chemical tends to crystalli9e. Therefore,calcium hypo chlorite may clog metering

pumps, piping, and valves.

-Therefore, this chemical cannot be used at extremely small feeding system as

*//T

chemical selection for disinfectants

isinfections s)stem



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isinfectants

chemical selection for disinfectants

36 Sodium h)po chlorite

"ost of wastewater treatment plant use sodium hypo chlorite because of safety

concerns related to li!uid chlorine.

Sodium hypo chlorite solution can be purchased in =4kg bottle of 34&3> of available

chlorine.

This solution chemical is affected by exposure to light and heat.

It must therefore be stored in a cool location in a corrosion Vresistant tank.

3> sodium hypochlorite is reduced to 34> concentration during Dday delivery days.sodium hypochlorite cannot be used at long distance area from chemical factory.

Therefore, sodium hypochlorite cannot be stored for longer time than 3week.

The sodium hypochlorite re!uires special handling because of the presence of

chlorine humes.

"ost of *//T is located in long delivery area from chemical factory

"6 trichloroisoc)anurine acid:#--96

This chemical is the organic compound combined with chlorine.

This chemical is more stable than above chemical and other chemicals using for thedisinfectants.

The purchase price may be 4> more expensive than sodium hypo chlorite price.

But transfer fee is cheaper than the transfer fee of sodium hypo chlorite because of

delivering T(( in ;4> high concentration in comparison with 3> sodium

hypochlorite.

#herefore, #-- is recommended for disinfectants6

isinfections s)stem



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isinfectants

-hemical dosing rate for disinfectants

/hen chlorine compounds are added to water, chlorine compounds are converted

hyphochlorite ion7$(l&8 or hyphochlorous acid7 *$(l 8.

-hlorine:-l79is usually gas, two reaction step can occur in water as next formula.

(lO *$ *$(l O *O O (l&*$(l *O O $(l&

Sodium h)po chlorite: Na!-l 9 also occur in water as next

formula.

5a$(l O *$ *$(l O 5a$*

*$(l *O O $(l&

trichloroisoc)anurine acid:#--9 convert to *$(l and $(l&

as next formula .(l

75($8

O

h D = < @ 2 ; 34

7#%"+#8C design flow rate is 344mAd, average is @4> of design flow rate,

chemical is #-- of ;4> as (l. (alculate the dosing mount of #--

7/astewater average flow rate7mAd88 x 7 re!uirement (l 7mgA+88 x 34&

(l > of chemical compounds

(1%% ? %.D (m3/&)) ? ( (mg/L)) ? 1%;3

%.9

'e!uirement T(( E E 4.@2 kgAd

2e4uirement chemical : /g


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-hemical dosing s)stem for disinfectants



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-eh)drator is for filtering the activated sludge

-#he volume is ver) reduced after %eing deh)drated6

Purpose

Principle

EH@2#!2

Sludge treatment s)stem


-See ne(t page operation and maintenance manual


-See ne(t page operation and maintenance manual


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-The service area is as as follows

control room, laboratory room, toilet, chemical dilution, defoaming system

of SBB', auto screen flushing, dewatering flushing, sludge pump line

flushing.

Purpose

Principle- (ity water is supply to service area by booster pump in high press.- The supply pressure of city water is controlled automatically by booster

pump control panel.- But booster pump do not run in any case of auto or manual if under low

low level of city water basin.- The city water is automatically filled into the city water basin by float

valve.- 6estroy the form by the opening of deforming line valve if there are too

much foam in the 0BB'

-it) water %asin and %ooster pump

C5t: 7ater 8!!6: :temO!erat5on ma5ntenance man8a6

-See next page booster pump operation and maintenance manual


Date post:	04-Jun-2018
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