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DEVELOPING A WINNING PROPOSAL
A. R. Conteh, Ph.D.SLARI-Njala
SLARI/NARC/NU
OUTLINE Trends Activities involved in fundraising Funding Environment Types of research funding agencies Identifying the Problem Qualities of a good proposal Core of a proposal/ project Assessing the call Budget: Preparation and template Common mistakes Take home tips Where to find funding opportunities Important information sources and references
Trends More funds available for climate change More support for commercial focus Reduced unrestricted funding More Partnerships/collaboration Donors narrowing priorities/criteria More competition Financial crisis, global recession and less funds available
More Private sector interest in funding Higher Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa
ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN FUND RAISING
Project Conceptualization/ Resource Mobilization:
Proposal Development
Proposal Approval
Negotiation/Agreement Signing
Donor Intelligence
Planning:
Identify Partners
Sub-Contracts/Agreements
Team Identification
Project Launching (meetings)
Procurement Needed
Financial Planning
Execution/Implementation
Operationalizing Workplan
Relationship Management
Project Promotion
Monitoring
Support Activities
Risk Management
Progress Reporting
Coordination
Baseline
Delivery
Milestone and Output
Reporting (Financial & Technical)
Publication
Donor Communication
Technology Transfer and Adoption
TYPES OF RESEARCH FUNDING AGENCIES
BilateralMulti-Lateral (CGIAR)International AgenciesRegional Development AgenciesNational Government and AgenciesFoundationCharity OrganizationsPrivate companies (National and Multinational)Universities
IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM
• General Observations: Crop Failure, Low productivity, Weak Market systems, Extension reports, etc
• Transfused Projects: Examples from other countries
• Calls from Funding Agencies
The Comprehensive African Agriculture Program as a Collective Institution
• The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP), was developed in response to the neglect of the agricultural sector by African governments as well as donors.
• Established by the AU/NEPAD as the highest policy level framework for the coordinated development of agriculture in Africa.
• The objective of CAADP is to help African countries achieve higher levels of economic growth through agricultural development
• Under the CAADP, African countries have committed to agriculture‑led growth by least 6 percent growth allocating about 10 percent of their government budgets to the sector
The Comprehensive African Agriculture Program as a Collective Institution
• SLARI is implementing the Government’s agricultural research policies and supporting the implementation of CAADP Pillar IV.
• The Framework for African Agricultural Productivity (FAAP) provides guidelines for implementing Pillar IV of CAADP.
• CORAF/WECARD has been mandated by ECOWAS to take lead in coordinating implementation of CAADP Pillar IV in West and Central Africa.
Donor
Rockefeller Foundation. 420 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10018Phone: (212) 869-8500. Fax: (212) 764-3468. Web: Rockfound.org
FUNDING SIZE
Grants over US$100 thousand. From under US$25 thousand to multi-million dollars. Many grants range from US$100 thousand to US$1 million.
AREA OF INTEREST
African Agriculture, Climate Change Resilience, Innovation for Development
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Grant maker accepts proposals. The Rockefeller Foundation invites experts, innovators, non-governmental organizations, individuals, and public officials for their best ideas regarding initiatives for potential Foundation support. Rockefeller provides an electronic form for these submissions.
DonorGatsby Charitable Foundation. Allington House (1st Floor) 150 VictoriaStreet London SW1E 5AE.| Telephone: (020) 7410 0330. Email:
FUNDING SIZE
Grants over US$100 thousand; £100 thousand and larger, with a few reaching £1- 2 million;Small grants: <£50 thousand
AREA OF INTEREST
Africa: Sustainable agricultural development; Small-scale enterprise; Agricultural research
APPLICATION Grant maker accepts proposals
Donor
AgropolisFoundation. Avenue Agropolis, 34394 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5 - FRANCETel: +33 (0)4 67 04 75 74. Web: http://www.agropolis-fondation.fr/Fax: +33 (0)4 67 04 75 43Email: [email protected]
FUNDING SIZE
Grants over US$100 thousand. Average grant size is about €90 thousand (except for the Flagship Projects, which are funded at €3 million each)
AREA OF INTEREST
Increasing demand for plants and plant by-products for food and non-food uses; Interaction between climate change and crops; Prevention and management of risks related to crop and food systems.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Agropolis announces calls for proposals, both for research grants as well as fellowship grants. Each call includes eligibility criteria, application forms, calendar deadlines, and supporting materials (in French and English). Research grant categories: Scientific platforms; international training courses; and small grants for travel, publication, and other research support. Details are provided on the website. Fellowship grant categories: Senior researchers, junior researchers, doctoral and post-doctoral fellowships, and visiting fellowships. Details are provided on the website.
Donor Aga Khan Foundation. Web: http://www.akdn.org/akf FUNDING SIZE
Grants over US$100 thousand . Funded projects average over US$1 million (data from 2004
AREA OF INTEREST
Environment: Environmental education, natural resources management in fragile zones, nature parks and wildlife reserves, environmentally and culturally appropriate tourism, water supply and sanitation, research on the environment in relation to human uses (i.e., agriculture and others).Rural Development: Community management of social capital in the form of natural resources, water storage, irrigation systems, soil conservation, forestry, agricultural storage facilities, improved farming methods, and rural enterprises.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Grant maker accepts proposals. AKF has no formal application procedures. Before developing full proposals, grant seekers should inquire with the Foundation’s office in the country where the proposal originates, or where the project is to be implemented. If there is no national AKF branch or affiliate, grant seekers should address their inquiries to the Foundation’s office in Geneva. The Foundation responds to serious requests that correspond to the concerns expressed on its website, and that will advance the Foundation's understanding of development issues, problems, and solutions. AKF does not entertain unrelated solicitations.
Donor
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Main Office: PO Box 23350, Seattle, WA 98102 (206) 709-3100, [email protected] Inquiries: (206) 709-3140. [email protected] Visit our Grant Seekers section for more information
FUNDING SIZE
Grants over US$100 thousand. Highly variable from under US$100 thousand to multi-million dollars.
AREA OF INTEREST
Agricultural Development: Investing across the complete agricultural value chain, emphasizing small farms, many headed by women. Increased farmer productivity; Links to markets; New technologies; Data, research, and policy analysis.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Application criteria and submissions criteria vary by the Foundation’s program. The Foundation does not accept unsolicited proposals in its Global Development Program except when Gates explicitly announces an open LOI or RFP. On occasion, the Gates website posts requests for letters of inquiry (LOI) and requests for proposals (RFPs) in defined program areas. Grant seekers should consult the website, by program area, for complete information on current and recent LOIs and RFPs.
Donor
Ekhaga Foundation. Postadress: Ekhagastiftelsen, Box 34 012100 26 Stockholm. Telefon: 070-240 81 81Epost: [email protected]
FUNDING SIZE
Grants over US$100 thousand. Average grant size is the equivalent of about US$300 thousand to US$600 thousand
AREA OF INTEREST
EcoEcological agriculture to replace chemicals with ecological and biological measures of promoting production; Preparation and storage of food with natural technology
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Ekhaga’s website provides application forms, along with forms for reporting project results and financial information; Applicants prepare and submit an application form. As a supplement to the form, applicants supply a project description which explains the problem to be addressed, present knowledge, project goals, methods proposed, itemized budget, and background data. Applicants state their qualifications and provide references. Completed applications are mailed to Ekhaga’s postal address before the annual deadline posted on its website. More detailed information for applicants, and the Foundation’s criteria for evaluating proposals, are available on the website. Ekhaga provides its mailing address and telephone number (“Contact Us”).
Donor
Yara Foundation. http://www.yara.com/sustainability/africa_prog
FUNDING SIZE
US$100 thousand (plus trophy and diploma)
AREA OF INTEREST
Increased food production and poverty reduction in African agriculture; Development of local markets, innovation, and entrepreneurship
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Yara posts nomination guidelines on its website. Nominations are sent to Yara’s Secretariat in Norway by a calendar deadline posted in “Nomination Process.”
Donor
Leverhulme Trust. The Leverhulme Trust , 1 Pemberton Row, London, EC4A 3BG. http://www.leverhulme.ac.uk/index.cfm
FUNDING SIZE
Grants over US$100 thousand. International networks: Up to £125 thousand for up to three years. Grants for the Africa Award are up to £150 thousand. Research project grants: Most are less than £250 thousand for two or three years. Maximum £500 thousand for five years in exceptional cases. Philip Leverhulme prizes: £70 thousand per award.
AREA OF INTEREST
Leverhulme is not known for funding the “green sector” as a program area. However, recent grants include examples in international aspects of ecology, natural history, environment, and agriculture. Hence the Africa Award is a recent joint activity with the Royal Society to fund research that links the UK with collaborators in Ghana and Tanzania in agriculture, biodiversity, energy, water and sanitation, and basic human health.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Grant maker accepts proposals. Leverhulme’s section “Grants and Awards” is a systematic presentation of the Trust’s grant offerings, by category. Each category outlines objectives, eligibility requirements, amount and duration of the grants, budgeting details, and how and when to apply. Application forms are available online. Leverhulme provides a contact name and telephone number for each grant-making area, together with a calendar of submission dates. Leverhulme considers the originality of the projects put to them; the significance of the proposed work; the ability to judge and take appropriate risk in the project; and removal of barriers between traditional disciplines.
Qualities of a good proposal
Has good content, is well written and looks professional
Can be easily read and scored by evaluators and addresses required points - responsive
Is organised as instructed - compliant Clearly explains why the applicant should be selected – win themes
Clearly states that a need of significant magnitude exists, and
That the applicant agency/organization has the means and the capacity to meet the need
Core of a proposal/project
Project Overview: Establishes a frame of reference for the rest of the proposal
Background Information/Statement of the Problem: Cite previous similar projects and studies
Project Details: Clientele (Study population); Methods (unique, innovative actions being proposed); Staff/Administration (roles and significance in the project)
Outcomes and Outputs: Direct and Indirect results of the project; description of services to be rendered by the project
Objectives/goal: What you want to achieve. Could be: Development Objectives: Often Governmental level.
Time frame: 5 – 10 years
Project objectives: Achievable through intervention or project and solves the focal problem.
Time frame:0 – 3 years
Objectives should be SMART (i.e. Specific, Measurable, Accurate, Realistic and Time bound).
Organisational capacity: evidence of organization’s capacity to implement the proposed activity
Available Resources: highlights collaborative efforts, engagement of local resources
Needed Resourcesa. Personnel: People who will actually be paid from the grant b. Facilities: description of the facilities that will be used for the project.c. Equipment/Supplies/Communicationd. Budget: should be in line with the 3 cost principles (Reasonable, Allocable and Allowable)
Evaluation Plan: how you will decide whether or not your project has successfully achieved its objectives
Appendices: Dissemination plan, Time Line, Letters of Support, Cooperating Agency Descriptions, Evaluation Instrument
Core of a proposal/project (Contd.)
Is the call aligned with your organisation’s strategy and vision?
Are you eligible? Can you deliver a proposal? Competencies? Time? Staff? Is it worth the time and effort? Funding? Requirements? In-kind? Partners? Areas? Etc.
Can you win? Proposal - Planning Respect deadlines! Be available! Develop a proposal timetable!
Include time for review by others Review drafts 1-2 times Review budget when you have a fairly complete draft
Assessing the call
Know your donor Do your homework!Understand how this donor handles proposals and calls
Target your proposal Respond to call focus and requirements! Use donor terminologyPreparing professional proposals! Build relations with the donor! Follow instructions! Clear, concise and readable! Basic level of professionalism
Spell-check Consistent formatting
Assessing the call (contd.)
TIPS FOR PREPARING PROPOSAL BUDGET
Budget must be consistent with the technical narrative of the proposal
Budget must be Reasonable, Allocable and AllowableEstimate costs as accurately as possible as reviewers know what things cost
Budget must conform to the specified guidelines and include only eligible costs
Budget must have narrative i.e. how costs were determined and how it will be used in the project
Get useful inputs from your finance office/procurement office/ experts
Include inflation and yearly salary increases (as per your organization’s policy)
TIPS FOR PREPARING PROPOSAL BUDGET (CONTD.)
Budget must include monetary values for all phases of the technical narrative Typical categories include:
Personnel Travel Capital equipment/items Consultants Other direct costs/materials and equipment that are not capital items
Include external audit cost (if required)Review the rules and double-check for calculation errors Organize your budget narrative to correspond to formal budget sheet Include allowable Indirect Costs/Overhead: Indirect Costs are basic
facilitation costs to ensure successful project implementation; Indirect Costs are not fee or a profit!!!
SAMPLE BUDGET TEMPLATEBudget Line Items Year 1 Year 2 Total USD
Personnel 2,000 2,100 4,100
Fringe Benefits 2,000 2,100 4,100
Travels 1,500 1,500 3,000
Consultants 400 400 800
Supplies 5,000 5,500 10,500
Contracted Services 7,500 7,500 15,000
Equipment 10,000 - 10,000
Total Direct Costs 28,400 19,100 47,500
Indirect Cost (%) 5,481 3,686 9,167
Grant Total 33,881 22,786 56,667
COMMON MISTAKES
Re-cycling old proposals without targeting the specifics of the call (There is no such thing as a fill-in-the-blank proposal that can be just mailed to a list of potential funders)
Not enough time for development of the proposal
Content, editing, layout
Non-responsive to call focus
Good technical, but forget generic issues:
E.g. gender, M&E, beneficiaries, scalability, sustainability, adherence to donor strategy
Take home tips!
When submitting a proposal: Use ”delivery report” in MS Outlook or equivalent;
Bcc yourself; Request for confirmation of receipt from donor
Look at evaluation criteria Be persuasive, informative, honest and credible Be donor-focused, address donor concerns and use
donor terminology Include concise and specific information Include maps, graphs, textboxes etc. Develop a template for your organisation Develop email signatures with relevant information Start small! Be selective in which calls you go
for Promise only what you can deliver
Take home tips(Contd.)
When submitting a proposal (contd.): Build a relationship with a donor
Show that you can implement Be professional: On time; On content ; On budget Conduct a pre-proposal contact to help fine-tune your
proposal planning and gain a competitive funding edge Maintain contact with the donor agencies
Debriefing If your application has been rejected, politely ask for
suggestions and criticism. Not to judge, not to blame, but to understand why things
happened Assess lessons learnt Assess what you can improve for next time
Google!
Traditional donors: BMGF: www.gatesfoundation.org;
AGRA: www.agra.org; DFID: www.gov.uk/dfid; IDRC: www.idrc.ca;
Sida: www.sida.se; EU: EuropeAid; USAID: www.grants.gov ;
Local newspaperNational funders and donors: TETFund: www.tetfund.gov.ng
NAPEP: www.napepnigeria.org ; NCRI www.arcnigeria.org
Newsletters: PAEPARD, CKDN, YPARD , AfNet, SciDev.net, Reliefweb.int etc.
Databases: www.terravivagrants.org, www.fundsforngos.org
Where to find funding opportunities
IMPORTANT INFORMATION, SOURCES AND REFERENCES
Grant Writing Tips Sheet [http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/grant_tips.htm]
Common Grant Application (National Network of Grantmakers) [http://www.nng.org/cga.html]
EPA Purdue University Grant-Writing Tutorial (Environmental Protection Agency) [http://www.purdue.edu/envirosoft/grants/src/msieopen.htm]
Grant-writing Tools for Non-Profit Organizations (Non-Profit Guides) [http://www.npguides.org/]
Sample proposals: [http://www.npguides.org/guide/sample_proposals.htm]
THANK YOU!